SELF-LEARNING MODULE

MATHEMATICS 9

QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
-VERTEX FORM OF THE QUADRATIC FUNCTION-
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to:
a) Express f (x)=a x 2+ bx+ c , as f (x)=a(x −ℎ)2 +k ;
b) Identify the vertex and axis of symmetry of a quadratic function in the form
f ( x)=a( x −ℎ) +k ;
2

c) Graph Quadratic equation in vertex form.

VERTEX FORM of a QUADRATIC FUNCTION

 Is written in the form; a (x − h)2 + k
` where a ≠ 0 , and h and k are real numbers.
Note:

( )
2
b 4 ac − b
 The vertex of the parabola is the point (h, k), determined by the formula − ,
2a 4a

EXAMPLES:
Transform each quadratic function to vertex form.
a) f (x)=x2 +2 x+ 6
2
f ( x)=−4 x −2 x+ 13
SOLUTIONS:
a) f (x)=x2 +2 x+ 6
STEPS DEMONSTRATION
2
f ( x)=x +2 x+ 6
1.Isolate the constant. 2
f (x)−6=x + 2 x

() () ()
2 2 2
b 2 2 2
2. Add to both sides of the equation. f (x)−6+ =x +2 x+
2 2 2
3. Simplify. 2
f ( x) −6+ 1=x + 2 x +1
2
4. Express the left-hand side as a square of a f (x)−5=( x +1)
binomial.
5. Write the equation in the form f (x)=a(x −ℎ)2 +k ,
2
by using Addition Property of Equality (or f (x)−5+5=(x +1) + 5
Transpose -5 to the left-side of the equation). 2
f (x)=(x +1) +5

b) f (x)=3 x 2 −12 x+2

STEPS DEMONSTRATION
2
f ( x)=3 x −12 x+2
1.Isolate the constant. 2
f (x)−2=3 x −12 x
2. Factor out the coefficient of x 2. f (x)−2=3 ( x2 − 4 x )

() ()
2 2
b 4
3. Complete the square by adding to both sides of f (x)−2+3 =3 ¿ ¿)
2 2
the equation.
4. Simplify. f (x)−2+12=3( x ¿¿ 2− 4 x + 4)¿
2
5. Express the left-hand side as a square of a f (x)+10=3(x −2)
binomial.
6. Write the equation in the form f (x)=a(x −ℎ)2 +k , by 2
f (x)+10=3(x −2) f (x)=3(x − 2) −10
2

using Addition Property of Equality (or Transpose -5

to the left-side of the equation).

EXAMPLES:
 Transform each quadratic function to standard form.
a) f (x)=¿ b) f (x)=−3 ¿

SOLUTIONS:
a) f (x)=¿
STEPS DEMONSTRATION
2
1. Expand (x +5) by using FOIL METHOD. f (x)=¿
f (x)=[(x −5)(x − 5)]− 9
2
2. Simplify. f (x)=(x − 10 x +25)−9
2
f ( x)=x −10 x +16

b) f (x)=−3 ¿
STEPS DEMONSTRATION
2
1. Expand ( x +2) by using FOIL METHOD. f (x)=−3 ¿
f (x)=−3[(x +2)(x +2)]− 5
2
f ( x)=−3( x +4 x+ 4) −5
2. Distribute -3 to the trinomial by multiplication. 2
f (x)=−3 x −12 x − 12− 5
3. Simplify 2
f (x)=−3 x −12 x − 17

MATHEMATICS 9
 WORKSHEET #5

Name: Score:
Grade & Section: 9- Date:

I. Transform the following quadratic equations into vertex form. Use the space provided for you
solution.
1. f (x)=x2 +2 x − 8 2. g(x )=x 2+ 8 x −6

II. Transform the following vertex form into standard form. Use the space provided for you solution.
1. f (x)=(x −4 )2 −22

2. f ( x)=3( x − 3)2 −17