ETHIOPIAN

ENTERPRISE
DEVELOPMENT
 SECTION DIVIDER
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor
congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus
malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.

2
CONTENT
Environmental Impact of Manufacturing
What does Sustainable Mean?
Sustainable & Green Manufacturing
Motivations for Green Manufacturing
Introduction
Necessity
Goals of green manufacturing
Benefits of green manufacturing
Traditional Product Life Cycle
Green Product Life Cycle
Circularity Vs Linearity
Transformation to Green Manufacturing
Emerging Technologies in Green
Manufacturing
Green Manufacturing Scenario
CONCLUSIONS

3
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MANUFACTURING

•Global warming
Output emissions •Acidification
• Greenhouse gases •Human toxicity
• Various pollutants •Eco-toxicity
• Toxicants/solid wastes •Etc.

Input materials Output materials

Manufacturing
• Working materials • Products
Processes
• Auxiliary materials • By-products

Input energy
• Electricity
• Fossil fuels 4
 …..CONT’D
Carbon Emissions:
Green house gas emissions are serious
concerns of global society. Industrial
production is a heavy consumer of fossils
fuels directly or indirectly which induces
global warming problems and serious
anthropogenic interference with climate
system.

5
….CONT’D

6
 WHAT DOES SUSTAINABLE MEAN?
One good definition of sustainability:
"an economic state where the demands placed upon the environment by
people and commerce can be met without reducing the capacity of the
environment to provide for future generations.....your business must deliver
clothing, objects, food or services to the customer in a way that reduces
consumption, energy use, distribution costs, economic concentration, soil
erosion, atmospheric pollution, and other forms of environmental damage.
Leave the world better than you found it.“ (From Paul Hawken, The Ecology
of Commerce, Collins, 1993, p. 139.)

7
 SUSTAINABLE & GREEN MANUFACTURING
• Sustainable Manufacturing: U.S. Department of Commerce has sustainable manufacturing as “the
creation of manufacturing products that use materials and processes that minimize negative environmental
impacts, conserve energy and natural resources, are safe for employees, communities, and consumers and are
economically sounds”

• Green: it is concerned with or supporting environmentalism and tending to preserve environment quality (as
by being recyclable, biodegradable, or nonpolluting) or process of reducing the environmental impact of a
manufacturing process or system when compared to previous state.

• Green Manufacturing: is a process or system which has a minimal, nonexistent, or negative impact on
the environment. Greening of manufacturing system is reducing the volume of hazardous wastes, cutting
down coolant consumed, changing the energy mix to include renewable energy resources etc.

8
MOTIVATIONS FOR GREEN MANUFACTURING
• Impact on the Environment
• Pressure Government (Regulations, Penalties, and Tax benefits)
• Interest in Efficiency
• Scarcity of Resources/Risk
• Continuous Improvement
• Pressure from Society/Consumers/Customers and other competitors
• Desire to Maintain Market Leadership

9
 INTRODUCTION
• We are consuming natural resources day by day on larger extent
ultimately causing their stocks to cease in the earth’s crust.

• Larger Consumption causing environmental hazards like water pollution,

air pollution ,depletion of ozone layer.

• Need to find alternate resources to cope with the effects on environment.

• As far as industries are concerned they consume maximum amount of

natural resources like Coal, Diesel, etc. causing their stocks to get
exhausted in 50-60 years from now.
10
 ….CONT’D

• Industries has to take some initiatives to lower the effects on environment.

• Taking Green initiatives will aim to minimize impact of human activities on
environment.
• Green Manufacturing an emerging field in the recent years taken by
industries.

11
12
 NECESSITY
Customers are environment conscious.

Environmental protection is a top agenda for everyone.

Reasons for environmental care

running out of fossil fuel supply (energy crisis) global warming

depletion of the ozone layer

loss of trees and forest

Green manufacturing is a challenge for today but as Business opportunities for tomorrow.

13
 Goals of green manufacturing
• Conserve natural resource
• Lower down the extensive amounts of trash.
• Making efficient products.
• To make efficient products.
• Achieve sustainability.

Over all: To support

future generations by
attaining sustainability.
14
 Benefits of green manufacturing
 Inexhaustible source of energy
• Improves corporate image
 Reduce Energy-Related Costs
• Increases production efficiency.
 Attract New Customers and Increase Sales.
• Reduces environmental waste.
 Tax Incentives.
• Saves useless cost.
 Boost Workforce, Morale and Innovations.

GREEN MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Seek to minimize the impact of the manufacturing process on the
environment at every stage.
There are two types of Green Manufacturing process types, these are

 Traditional Product Life Cycle

 Green Product Life Cycle 15
 TRADITIONAL PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

Linear” economy is based on

large quantities of cheap, easily
available energy, water and
materials.
Rapidly reading its limits as
materials, water and energy
become more inaccessible or, at
east, costly to obtain.
Take + process + make +
distribute + and dispose

16
 Green Product Life Cycle

• Circular economy is
restorative in nature and
“regenerative by design”
• Maintains products,
components, and
materials at their highest
utility and value at all
times - minimize down
cycling or conversion to
energy or disposal.
17
 CIRCULARITY VS LINEARITY

Circular economy is in
the context of the return
loop - including
extended use of the
product, return to
consumer via secondary
use, repair,
remanufacturing or, at
least, resource recovery.

18
 TRANSFORMATION TO GREEN
MANUFACTURING
• Green manufacturing involves transformation of industrial
operations in three ways:

Green
Energy

Green Green
Manufacturing Processes Seek to minimize the impact of the
manufacturing process on the
Green
environment at every stage.
Products
Goals
Minimize emissions, effluents, and accidents
Minimize the use of virgin materials and non-
renewable forms of energy
Minimize the life-cycle cost of products or services
19
 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN GREEN
MANUFACTURING

• There is a plethora of new and emerging technologies that aid in both,

making the traditional businesses Greener, as well as creating
completely new ones.
• For example, technologies for reducing GHG can be classified into
five broad categories:
I. Carbon sinks
II. Efficient fuels
III. Consumer Green
IV. Green transportation
V. Industry efficiency
20
 …..CONT’D
I. Carbon Sinks: Technologies
related to Carbon Capture and
Storage.

• Use in: Power plants that are

fired by fossil fuels such as
coal, uses electrostatic
precipitators (ESP)

• Capturing and storing CO2 in

ways such that it does not enter
the atmosphere.

21
 …..CONT’D

II. Efficient fuels:

Use cleaner fuels for
generating power.
Examples: Biomass,
Hydro power.

22
 …….CONT’D

III. Consumer Green:- This

involves using clean and
efficient fuels at the user end
and solutions covering
demand side
management.(Solar Water
Heaters)

23
 …….CONT’D

IV. Green Transportation:

Electric vehicles, fuel cells,
and bio–diesel are some
examples of this category.

24
 …..CONT’D

V. Industry efficiency:-
This category refers to the
use of Green production
methods and technologies
in traditional industries to
increase efficiency.

25
 GREEN MANUFACTURING SCENARIO

• Green manufacturing' is successfully operating in countries like the US and Europe

• USA:- No of firms doing remanufacturing:-73,000
Employing 350,000 people with total sales accounting for
$ 53 billion per year.
• Japan:- auto market recovery is said to be partly stimulated by tax cuts or rebates for
consumers to scrap their old cars and buy ecological vehicles.
• Germany:- German government’s stimulus involves paying consumers 2,500 euros
for scrapping old cars to buy new, environmentally cleaner vehicles.
• China:- plans to subsidize purchases of energy efficient cars and home appliances to
replace older models.
26
 CONCLUSIONS

Green manufacturing is the elimination of waste through the production process.

Companies must step up and take responsibility for their actions.

Green manufacturing promotes innovative design.

Processes such as zero inventory and zero emission should be exercised by all companies.

27
 …..CONT’D

Companies can adopt methods which are eco-friendly.

Green manufacturing is not an option, but a necessity for our well-being and survival.

Our needs are likely to increase as standard of living and population increases.

Accordingly we’ll have to change our current practices.

28
THANK
YOU