Academia Sinica

Academia Sinica (AS, Latin: Academia Sinica,

Academia Sinica
lit. 'Chinese Academy'; Chinese: 中 央 研 究 院 ; lit.
'Central Research Academy') is the national academy 中央研究院 (Chinese)
of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It is headquartered
in Nangang, Taipei.

Founded in Nanking, the academy supports research Agency overview

activities in mathematical and physical sciences, to life
Formed 1928 (in Nanking)
sciences, and to humanities and social sciences. As an
1949 (in Taipei, Taiwan)
educational institute, it provides PhD training and
scholarship through its English-language Taiwan Headquarters Nangang, Taipei[1]
25°2′45″N 121°36′37″E
International Graduate Program in biology, agriculture,
chemistry, physics, informatics, and earth and Employees ~5,800[2] (incl. 976 principal
environmental sciences.[5] investigators, 111 research
specialists, 775 post-docs,
The current president since 2016 is James C. Liao, an 2,150 students)[3]
expert in metabolic engineering, systems biology and Annual 12.5 billion NTD ($400 million)
synthetic biology.[6] budget (2020)[4]
Agency James C. Liao, President
executives
History Mei-Yin Chou, Vice President
(physical sciences)
Academia Sinica, which means "Chinese Academy",[7] Fu-Tong Liu, Vice President
was founded in 1928 in Nanking, then capital of the (life sciences)
Republic of China, with its first meeting held in Chin-Shing Huang, Vice
Shanghai. By December 1948, all fourteen institutes of President (humanities and
the Academia Sinica had agreed to move from social sciences)
Nanking to Taiwan alongside other institutions of the
Parent agency Office of the President
government of the Republic of China as a result of the
Chinese Civil War. In the end, only the Academia Website www.sinica.edu.tw (http://ww
Sinica's Institute of History and Philology was w.sinica.edu.tw/)
relocated to Taiwan, because the head of the Institute
of Mathematics, Jiang Lifu, resigned his position in Academia Sinica
June 1949, and never traveled to Taiwan.[8] Chinese 中央硏究院
Of the 81 inaugural research fellows appointed by the Traditional Chinese 中央硏究院
Academia Sinica prior to its move, nine crossed the Simplified Chinese 中央硏究院
Taiwan Strait. The institution was low on monetary Literal meaning "Central Research
funds, and reopened with the Institute of History and Academy"
Philology in December 1954. In the same year, its
Transcriptions
main campus was constructed in Jiuzhuang, Nangang,
Taipei. Due to the importance of agriculture to the Standard Mandarin
economy of Taiwan, efforts were made to revive the Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngyāng Yánjiùyuàn
Institute of Botany.[8] The second convocation of the Wade–Giles Chung1-yang2 yen2-chiu1-yüan4
Academia Sinica was held in 1957. At the same time, Hakka
the mainland part of Academia Sinica remained
Pha̍ k-fa-sṳ Tûng-ông-ngiên-kiu-yen
functioning under Communist rule and was renamed as
Southern Min
the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the 1980s.[9]
Hokkien POJ Tiong-iong-gián-kiù-īⁿ
In the 2000s, many of the current institutes and Tâi-lô Tiong-iong-gián-kiù-īnn
research centers were established, partially through
reorganization of old ones. Academia Sinica's first PhD
program, the Taiwan International Graduate Program, was
inaugurated in 2006.

Leadership
The president of Academia Sinica is appointed by the president of
Former Academia Sinica site in
the Republic of China (Taiwan) from three candidates
Nanjing, currently the Nanjing
recommended by the Council Meeting. The president of Academia Branch of Chinese Academy of
Sinica must be an academician. After the appointment, the Sciences
president serves a five-year term and can serve up to two
consecutive terms.

Academia Sinica's current president is James C. Liao, a biochemist, who replaced Chi-Huey Wong, a
biological chemist and the Parsons Foundation Professor and Chair of the Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles, as the 11th president on 21 June
2016. The list of past presidents also includes Hu Shih, a philosopher and essayist, and a key contributor
to Chinese liberalism and language reform in his advocacy for the use of vernacular Chinese, as well as
an influential redology scholar and holder of the Jiaxu manuscript (Chinese: 甲戌本; pinyin: Jiǎxū běn)
until his death. The fifth president, Yuan T. Lee, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "contributions to
the dynamics of chemical elementary processes".

Presidents
Cai Yuanpei (1928–1940)
Chu Chia-Hua (Acting, 1940–1957)
Hu Shih (1958–1962)
Wang Shih-Chieh (1962–1970)
Chien Shih-Liang (1970–1983)
Wu Ta-You (1983–1994)
Yuan T. Lee (1994–2006)
Chi-Huey Wong (2006–2016)
James C. Liao (2016–)

Convocation
The Convocation of Academia Sinica consists of 281
academicians, including 105 domestic and 176 overseas appointed
scientists.[10] Seven academicians of Academia Sinica are Nobel
laureates.[11] Academician membership is an honorary lifetime
privilege without remuneration. They do not necessarily perform
research or reside at the Academia Sinica campus. According to
their own expertise, academicians are grouped into three divisions:
Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Social
(Left to right) President James C.
Sciences and Humanities. A maximum number of ten new Liao, president of Taiwan Ing-wen
members is allocated to each of the three divisions during the Tsai, and vice president of Taiwan
biennial convocation. The eligibility of the academicians is not Chien-Jen Chen at the 32nd
restricted to the residents of Taiwan or Republic of China citizens. Convocation Meeting
More than half of the academicians are overseas scholars and
scientists.

At the convocation, the academicians elect new academicians and honorary academicians, and elect
members to the Council of Academia Sinica. The convocation can also recommend policies to the
government on academic research.[12] The academicians also have responsibilities to carry out research at
the government's request, although the government has never requested any task.

Academicians
Academicians are elected annually, with nominations open in July and ending in October. Outcome of
election to academicians are publicly announced in July the following year. Election to the academy is
regarded a national honor in Taiwan. Up until the 34th convocation of academicians in 2022, any scientist
of Chinese descent could be elected a member of Academia Sinica. Starting in 2023, election is to be
restricted to citizens of the Republic of China. This change led Academia Sinica to discuss formally
classifying non-Taiwanese members as honorary or foreign members. Such a classification system would
require amendments to the Organic Act of the Academia Sinica. A group of academicians proposed that
membership be further restricted to Taiwan passport or national identification card holders.[13]

Academicians who reside(d) at Academia Sinica

Mathematics and physical sciences

Yuan T. Lee
Chi-Huey Wong
Typhoon Lee
Maw-Kuen Wu

Life sciences

James C. Liao
Wen-Hsiung Li
Chien-Jen Chen
Liao I-chiu
 Chen Pei-jer

Humanities and social sciences

Paul Jen-kuei Li
Cyrus Chu

Academicians who are Nobel Prize laureates

Yuan T. Lee (chemistry 1986)
Steven Chu (physics 1997)
Daniel C. Tsui (physics 1998)

Academicians who reside overseas

Shih-Fu Chang
Jianqing Fan
Teck-Hua Ho
Dorothy Y Ko
Bede Liu
Philip LF Liu
Teresa Meng
Shuji Nakamura
Kang-i Sun Chang
Yu Xie
Victor Zue

Campuses
Academia Sinica has its main campus located in Nangang, Taipei,
and runs over 40 research stations distributed across the country
and throughout the world.[1]

Main campus
The main campus in Jiuzhuang, Nangang was constructed in 1954.
Main entrance
In addition to the Central Office of Administration and 28
institutes and research centers, the main campus has 10 museums
or memorial halls open to the public, as well as an ecological pond, a forest park, a Tudigong temple
(Fude Temple 福德宮), and Sifen Creek (四分溪), which runs through the campus and to the north by the
National Biotechnology Research Park.

National Biotechnology Research Park

 The National
Biotechnology Research
Park, finished in 2017 and
inaugurated in October
2018 by Taiwanese
President Tsai Ing-wen,[14]
is located about 500 m
Emblem at the main entrance
north of the main campus
and 500 m south of the
Nankang Software Park,
with the Nangang station to
the west and the Taipei
Nangang Exhibition Center
MRT station to the east.[15]
It is home to four
Temple of Earth God Academia Sinica centers
for translational medicine,
innovation, incubation, and
bioinformatics service, as well as the Biotechnology Development
Center of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Food and Drug Sih-Fen Brook
Administration of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the
National Laboratory Animal Center of the Ministry of Science and
Technology.[15]

National Taiwan University main campus

Three physical sciences institutes, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Atomic and Molecular Sciences, are
located in the main campus of National Taiwan University in Gongguan, Daan, Taipei. A joint office
between the two institutions was established in 2014.

Southern Campus
A campus in the Shalun Smart Green Energy Science City, near the Tainan High Speed Rail station,
Guiren District, Tainan,[16] opened in 2024.[17] The Southern Campus is part of an effort to promote
regional balance in the academic landscape of Taiwan and will prioritize research on agricultural
biotechnology, sustainable development, and archaeology of early Taiwanese history and culture.[17]

Organization

Institutes and research centers

Similar to the Max Planck Institutes of Germany,[18] Taiwan's Academia Sinica covers three major
academic divisions:[19][3]

Mathematics and physical sciences (11 institutes/research centers; 339 research fellows)
 Mathematics
Physics (1962)
Chemistry (1957)
Earth Sciences (1982)
Institute of Information Science (1982)
Statistical Science (1987)
Atomic and Molecular Sciences (1995)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (2010)
Applied Sciences (2006)
Environmental Changes (2004)
Information Technology Innovation (2007)

Life sciences (8 institutes/research centers; 329 research fellows)

Plant and Microbial Biology (2005)

Cellular and Organismic Biology (2005)
Biological Chemistry (1970)
Molecular Biology (1993)
Genomics (2003)
Agricultural Biotechnology (2006)
Biodiversity (2004)
Biomedical Sciences (1981)

Humanities and social sciences (12 institutes/research centers; 319 research fellows)

History and Philology

Ethnology (1965)
Modern History (1965)
Economics (1970)
European and American Studies (1991)
Chinese Literature and Philosophy (2002)
Taiwan History (2004)
Sociology (2004)
Linguistics (2004)
Political Science (2012)
Iurisprudentiae (2011)
Humanities and Social Sciences (2004)
 Life Science Road Institute of Plant and Institute of Institute of Chemistry
(from right to left: Microbial Biology and Information Science
Institute of Agricultural
Biomedical Sciences, Biotechnology
Institute of Molecular Research Center
Biology, and Institute
of Biological
Chemistry)

Genomics Research Institute of

Center Biomedical Sciences

Research stations
The research stations in Taiwan include:[20]

Southern Taiwan Science Park Archaeological Station (南科考古工作站)

Green Island Marine Station (綠島海洋研究站)
Yuanyang Lake Station (鴛鴦湖工作站), Jianshi, Hsinchu
Marine Research Station, Jiaosi, Yilan (宜蘭礁溪臨海研究站)
Dongsha Atoll Research Station, Kaohsiung (東沙環礁研究站)
The research sites abroad include:[21]

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Luzon, the Philippines

Sesoko Station, Okinawa, Japan
Yuan Tseh Lee Array (YTLA), Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States
 South-East Asian Time Series Study (SEATS) on the Southeast Asian Sea

Education programs

PhD programs

Joint PhD programs

In general Academia Sinica is a non-teaching institution, but it has very close collaboration with the top
research universities in Taiwan, such as National Taiwan University, National Tsing Hua University,
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Central University. Many research fellows from
Academia Sinica have a second appointment or joint professorship at these universities. In addition,
Academia Sinica established joint PhD programs[22] in biological sciences with Taiwan's universities,
such as the Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology with National Taiwan Ocean
University.[23] Through these mechanisms, the faculty at Academia Sinica give lecture courses and
supervise graduate students.

Taiwan International Graduate Program

Since 2002, Academia Sinica set up the Taiwan International
Graduate Program (TIGP),[5] open to local and international
students for PhD programs. All courses at TIGP are conducted in
English. Students can choose their advisor among a faculty
selected for the program out of outstanding researchers and
professors appointed at Academia Sinica or at one of the partner
universities (or both). Currently, admittance to the programme Logo of Taiwan International
Graduate Program
guarantees a monthly stipend of 40,000 NTD, roughly $1,200 or
€1,150 in their first year and up to 50,000 NTD, roughly $1,500 or
€1,400 in their third year.[5] Applications can normally be sent
starting in December and the submission deadline is usually set on
March 31, for enrollment in September of the same year. Lectures
start around the middle of September and end around the middle
of June, with slight variations mostly depending on the partner
university's academic calendar.

The TIGP offers PhD programs only in selected disciplines agreed

upon by Academia Sinica and its national research universities
partners. The program offers doctoral degrees in highly
interdisciplinary areas in the physical sciences, applied sciences,
engineering, biological and agricultural sciences, health and
medical sciences, humanities and social sciences. As of March
2017, Academia Sinica administers 13 such programs with
degrees issued from partner universities:[5]
One of the dormitories for TIGP
students and their families
Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics
Molecular Science and Technology
 Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences
Bioinformatics
Molecular and Cell Biology
Nano Science and Technology
Molecular Medicine
Earth System Science
Biodiversity
Interdisciplinary Neuroscience
Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology
Social Network and Human-Centered Computing
Artificial Intelligence of Things

Predoctoral programs

TIGP International Internship Program

Launched in 2009, the TIGP International Internship Program (TIGP-IIP) (https://decoratefuture.com/201
9/01/23/taiwan-international-graduate-program-tigp-iip-2019/) is an intensive, predoctoral, summer
research training program for two months that prepares its participating interns with the necessary
knowledge and skills for future research or career development through rigorous hands-on training.[24]
Successful applicants from around the world will receive for each month a stipend of 30,000 NTD and a
round-trip ticket to Taiwan. The program highlights include internship at an applicant-chosen host lab,
visits to Academia Sinica facilities and partner institutions, field trips in Taiwan and basic Mandarin
lessons.

Summer internship programs

Many institutes of Academia Sinica offers their own summer internship programs for undergraduate
students in Taiwan.

High school program

Academia Sinica also offers a three-year program for gifted and talented high school students interested
in the biological sciences. To enroll, students must first pass an entrance exam at the start of 10th grade
(first year for Taiwanese senior high schools). During 10th grade, students attend expert lectures and visit
the various laboratories on campus. During 11th and 12th grade, students enter a lab of their choice and
gain hands-on experience in the various fields of biological sciences. To graduate from the program, an
academic paper must be submitted and presented in front of professors and peers.

Postdoctoral scholars
Academia Sinica has a high number of both domestic and international postdoctoral fellows. They are
funded by grants of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan) or by Academia Sinica. The latter,
the Academia Sinica Postdoctoral Fellow Program, consists of two tracks: Regular Postdoctoral Scholars
(starting annual salary: NT$810,351 (US$28,100), additional benefits depending on the principal
investigator) and Academia Sinica Postdoctoral Scholars (annual salary up to NT$ 1,167,278
(US$40,000), plus round-trip ticket and research subsidy of (US$4,500).[25][26]

International cooperation
The institute has extensive cooperation with research and academic institutions from other countries
(such as Harvard-Yenching Institute[27]) and hosts several foreign institutes and their scholars.

France
The Taipei Center of the French EFEO (L'École française d'Extrême-Orient; French School of Asian
Studies) was hosted by the Institute of Modern History, AS, from 1992 to 1996 and since 1996 by the
Institute of History and Philology.[28] Its research projects center on the local and cultural history of
Taiwan and China, and it organizes conferences and talks, support visiting scholars and students, and
hosts EFEO fellows.

Journals associated with Academia Sinica

Academia Sinica currently sponsors the following journals:

Botanical Studies
Zoological Studies
Language and Linguistics
Statistica Sinica
Academia Sinica Law Journal
Taiwan Journal of Anthropology
Academia Economic Papers
Bulletin of the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica
Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy

See also
Taiwan portal

List of universities in Taiwan

Max Planck Institutes
Tang K. Tang

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Further reading
Levinson, David et al. eds. The Encyclopedia of Modern Asia (6 vol Thomson-Gale, 2002)
1:9–.

External links
Official website (http://www.sinica.edu.tw/) (in English)/(in Chinese)

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