Conjunctive Adverbs: Definition and Uses
**Definition:**
Conjunctive adverbs connect two independent clauses and show the relationship between
them, such as cause-effect, contrast, addition, or time. They help in making writing
smoother and more cohesive.
**Common Conjunctive Adverbs:**
- Addition: also, moreover, furthermore, besides
- Contrast: however, nevertheless, on the other hand, still
- Cause and Effect: therefore, consequently, thus, hence
- Time: meanwhile, then, subsequently, afterward
- Comparison: likewise, similarly
- Emphasis: indeed, certainly, in fact
How to Use Conjunctive Adverbs
1. **Between Two Independent Clauses (with a semicolon):**
- I wanted to go to the park; however, it started raining.
2. **At the Beginning of a Sentence (followed by a comma):**
- Meanwhile, the guests waited patiently.
3. **In the Middle of a Sentence (with commas on both sides):**
- The weather, however, remained unpredictable.
Examples by Type of Relationship
Relationship Conjunctive Adverbs Example
Addition also, moreover, furthermore She is talented; moreover,
she works hard.
Contrast however, nevertheless, still I was tired; however, I kept
working.
Cause and Effect therefore, consequently, It was late; therefore, we
thus left early.
Time meanwhile, subsequently, He left; meanwhile, we
then waited.
Comparison similarly, likewise He sings well; likewise, his
sister dances beautifully.
Emphasis indeed, in fact, certainly The task was difficult;
indeed, it was almost
impossible.
