Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________
Student Exploration: Water Pollution
Vocabulary: bacterial pollution, nutrient pollution, sediment pollution, toxic pollution, water
pollution
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1 Water pollution is the addition of harmful substances to water. Some of these substances
are found at home. What household chemicals might be harmful if not disposed of properly?
Clorox, window cleaner, electronic devices with cords
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2 What are some other causes of water pollution? Oil and waste
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Gizmo Warm-up
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The Water Pollution Gizmo™ will teach you about some of the
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main kinds of water pollution. On the TYPE tab, under Types of
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pollution, check that Toxic is selected. Read the paragraphs on
the right and bottom of the Gizmo.
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1 What is toxic pollution? Can cause death, diseases, and
birth diffects
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2 What are some examples of toxic pollutants listed in the Gizmo? Pesticides and mercury
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3 Can you think of other examples of toxic substances, not listed in the Gizmo? Household
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chemicals, other acidic objects, gas, and oil
Activity A: Get the Gizmo ready:
Check that the TYPE tab and Toxic pollution are
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Types of water
pollution selected.
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Question: What are the main types of water pollution?
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1. Read and learn: Besides toxic pollution, the other types of pollution are sediment pollution,
nutrient pollution, and bacterial pollution. You have already described toxic pollution on
the previous page. Read about the other types, and describe each in your own words.
Sediment pollution
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Description: Soil erosion that gets into the waterways
Causes: Heavy amount of rain
Consequences: Sediment pile out in water sources and destroy life forms living in the
area and their habitats, also interfere with photosynthesis by clouding the water.
Nutrient pollution
Description: A lot of nutrients in the water
Causes: High amounts of Nitrogen and Phosphorus mixed with the water
Consequences: Less oxygen where there’s a lot of algal bloom
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Bacterial pollution
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Description: Bacteria help breakdown organic matter in different pollutants
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Causes: Untreated waste are released into water sources along with the bacteria
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it contains
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Consequences: Contaminated water that we depend on in everyday life
Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity B:
Select the EXAMPLE tab.
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Real-world
Check that example 1/12 is selected. (If not, use
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examples
the arrow buttons to get to example 1/12.)
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Question: What are the real-world causes of water pollution?
1 Practice: For each Real-world example presented in the Gizmo, guess which type or types
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of pollution will result by checking the boxes. When you are ready, click Check answer to
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see if you were right. Read the explanation, and then use your own words to fill in the table.
Exampl
Pollution type(s) Explanation
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Manure containing bacteria and nitrogen goes into the
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1 Nutrient/bacterial
water causing this type of pollution
Gas leak into water along with nitrogen causing toxic and
2 Toxic/nutrient
nutrient pollution
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Excess fertilizers and herbicides get into water sources.
3 Toxic/nutrient
The fertilizer is high in phosphorus and nitrogen
Wind and rain cause erosion because there are no plants
4 Sediment
anchoring the soil
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Chemicals from cars are toxic such as oil and antifreeze
5 Toxic
which gets into the water
6 Sediment Removal of vegetation cause erosion and water pollution
7 Toxic Paint and solvents are toxic and seep into the soil
Sewage released in the water cause bacteria to grow and
8 Nutrient/bacterial
nutrient blooms
More trees are cut down when the demand from things
9 Sediment
made from the trees increase causing erosion
Occur when land is cleared for parking lots and play
10 Toxic/sediment
grounds
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11 Nutrient Fertilizer get into water causing pollution
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Old septic tanks fill up and leak causing untreated waste
12 Nutrient/bacterial
to be released in the water
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(Activity B continued on next page)
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Activity B (continued from previous page)
2. Practice: Classify each of the following examples as toxic, sediment, nutrient, and/or
bacterial pollution. Explain your classifications.
A Logging removes trees from a hill, leaving a barren landscape.
Classification: sediment
Explanation: without trees to anchor soil, erosion occur
B A man washes clothes in a stream using a detergent that contains phosphorus.
Classification: toxic and nutrient
Explanation: detergents are toxic to water and and phosphorus cause nutrients to
bloom
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C At an old gas station, gasoline leaks from an underground storage tank.
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Classification: Toxic
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Explanation: gasoline cause the water to become toxic
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D At a research lab, a scientist carelessly pours cultures of living microbes down the
drain.
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Classification: bacterial and nutrient
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Explanation: microbes can increase the nutrient level in water
3. Think and discuss: Many sources of water pollution are found within the home. What actions
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can you take to reduce water pollution? Dispose of waste properly meaning don’t throw
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things outside, don’t pour everything down the sink drain, and recycle.
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