DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte

Name: Irish Mae Laude Date Performed: September 24, 2018

Lab Schedule: MW 1:00-4:00 Date Submitted: October 01, , 2018

Group No. 1 Ratings:

Experiment No. 7

Gas diffusion and Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid

Abstract

The objectives of this experiment are to differentiate the diffusion rate of 2 gases,
determine the molecular mass of a volatile liquid and to measure the physical properties
of pressure, volume and temperature for a gaseous substance. The students were unable
to observe the gas diffusion rate of 2 gases because the experiment fails. The students
then proceed to part b where the students weighted the Erlenmeyer flask. After it was
weighted, the students then transfer a 5 mL unknown liquid to the flask and heated the
unknown. The students then remove the flask from the heat and allow the vapor to cool.
The students then calculated the molar mass of the unknown using the data gathered.

Introduction

Mole is the “counting unit” use to indicate the number of ions, molecules, atoms
or chemical units present in a sample. Diffusion is a movement of a property from an area
of higher concentration to lower concentration. An example of diffusion is spraying a
perfume in a room. The molecule of the perfume spread through the room occupying as
much area as possible that is why a person in the same room can smell the scent of the
perfume. Diffusion of gases can be expressed as PV=nRT where P=pressure (atm),
V=volume (L), n=mass (g), R is the gas constant (0.0821 L.atm.mol -1.K-1) and T=
temperature (K).

Results and Discussion

A. Gas Diffusion

Table1. Gas diffusion of NH3 and HCl

Time of insertion of stoppers or cork

Time of appearance of smoke

Total time elapsed (s)

Distance travelled by NH3 (cm)

Distance travelled by HCl (cm)

Rate diffusion of NH3 (cm/s)

Rate diffusion of HCl(cm/s)

MW of NH3

Calculated MW of HCl

True Value of MW of HCl

Percent Error

In this part of the experiment, the students were not able to get the desired result
of the said experiment. The factors affecting the experiment may be because of the length
of the glass tube that was used in the experiment, it can also be because of the chemicals
used. The glass tube might be to long for the ammonia (NH 4) and hydrochloric acid
(HCl) to react. The chemicals used might also affect the experiment if the chemicals used
have a low amount of concentration. Supposedly, if the chemicals did react it would form
a whitish substance around the glass tube near the HCl. The white substance is the
chemical reaction between the ammonia and hydrochloric acid which is the ammonium
chloride; NH4+HCl NH4Cl. The ammonium chloride would appear to be closer to
HCl because ammonia diffuses much faster than the HCL.

B. Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid

Table 2. Molar Mass of Vapor

Results
Mass of dry flask + aluminum foil + 86.91 g
rubber band (g)
Temperature of boiling water ( ℃ ) 100°C
Mass of dry flask + aluminum foil + 87.13 g
rubber band + vapor (g)
Volume of 125 mL flask (L) 0.157 L
Atmospheric pressure (atm) 0.961 atm
Moles of vapor, nvapor (mol) 4.92 x 10ˉ³ mol
Mass of vapor, mvapor (g) 0.12 g
Molar mass of vapor (g/mol) 44.93 g/mol

CALCULATIONS: (moles of vapor, mass of vapor, molar mass of vapor)

Conversion from ml to L

1L
157 ml × =0.157 L
1000 ml

Conversion from mmHg to atm

1 atm
730 mmHg ×
760 mmHg
¿ 0.961 atm

Conversion from °C to K

100 ℃+273.15=373.15 K

Conversions should be done so that proper units can be observed in the calculations.
Standard unit for volume is in liters while standard unit for pressure is in atmosphere.
Moles of vapor

pV =nRT

pV
n=
RT

0.961atm (0.157 L)
n=
( 0.0821
L . atm
mol . K)(373.15 K )

n=4.92 x 10 ˉ ³ mol

Mass of vapor

Mass of vapor = (Mass of dry flask + aluminum foil + rubber band + vapor) –

(Mass of dry flask + aluminum foil + rubber band)

= 87.13 g – 86.91 g

= 0.22 g

Molar mass of vapor

mRT
M=
pV

M=
( L . atm
( 0.22 g ) 0.0821
mol . K )
(373.15 K )

(0.961 atm)(0.157 L)

6.74 g/mol
M=
0.150

M =44.93 g /mol

The molar mass of the unknown was 44.93 g/mol. The instructor told the students
that the unknown was hexane. The molar mass of hexane is 86.18 g/mol, the students
didn’t obtain this number. This maybe is because of the error in getting the mass of the
volatile liquid. The students however did properly calculate and converted all the
necessary data.

Conclusion

At the end of the experiment, the students were able to determine the molar mass
of a volatile liquid, and measure the physical properties of a gaseous substance. The
students had learned that gases differ in the speed of diffusion through the ammonia and
hydrochloric acid experiment. The students were also able to determine the molar mass of
a volatile liquid through using the ideal gas equation. Finally the students were able to
measure the physical properties of a gaseous substance through obtaining the required
data to get the molar mass. Although the students did not see the reaction of ammonia
and hydrochloric acid in person, the students were able to learn new things.

Literature Cited

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/gas-diffusion-and-effusion
Accessed date September 30, 2018

https://www.chemteam.info/Mole/MolarMass.html Accessed date September 30, 2018

https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/
Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/
Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/
Physical_Properties_of_Matter/States_of_Matter/Properties_of_Gases/Gas_Laws/
The_Ideal_Gas_Law Accessed date September 30, 2018

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-molar-mass-of-hexane-How-do-you-calculate-this
Accessed date October 01, 2018