Physics Formulae
Physics Formulae For IMAT by Irfan Azad
4
1. V olume of sphere = πr
2
2
Surf ace area of sphere = 4πr
2. Circumf erence of circle = 2πr
3. cos0
∘
= 1 : cos90
∘
= 0
∘ ∘
sin0 = 0 : cos90 = 1
4. W = mg
5. Hooke's Law
T = kx = F = kx
1
2
W ork Done = F x = kx
2
6. W = F ⋅ dcosθ
7. Area of Trapezoid
Base 1 + Base 2
area = H eight ×
2
8. Area of Triangle
Base
area = H eight ×
2
1
9. Kinetic Energy = mv
2
1 1
10. W ork Done = ΔEnergy = ΔKinetic Energy = mv
2
− mu
2
2 2
W
11. P = = Fv
t
12. P = mv
ΔP
F =
Δt
F ∝ ΔP
F ⋅ Δt = J = ΔP
2
P
13. Kinetic Energy =
2m
1
Kinetic Energy ∝
M ass
14. Q = mcΔT
U = Q − W
W = Q
Isothermal Process, when work is done at the cost of external heat supplied.
W = −ΔU
Adiabatic Process, when work is done at cost of internal energy.
15. SHM
a ∝ −x
2
a = −ω x
2π
ω =
T
2π
T =
ω
1
ω ∝
T
k
ma = F = −kx ⇒ a = − x
m
k k
2
√
ω = ⇒ ω =
m m
2π
T =
k
√
m
m
T = 2π√
k
ma = F = −mgsinθ ⇒ a = −gsinθ
x
a = −g ⋅ sin( )
L
Small angle approximation for sin:
x g
a = −g ⋅ ⇒ a = −( ) ⋅ x
L L
g g g
2 2
−ω x = − ⋅ x ⇒ ω = ⇒ ω = √
L L L
g
ω = √
L
2π 2π
= T =
ω g
√
L
L
T = 2π√
g
1
16. T = ∵ (unit = sec)
f
1
−1
f = ∵ (unit = sec )
T
T ⋅ f = 1
17. Phase Shift
Shif t in sec
∘
Shif t Angle in degrees = × 360
T ime P eriod in sec
shif t
∘
ϕ = × 360
T
18. 360
∘
= (2π)Radians OR 180
∘
= (π)Radians
π 180
∘
1 = ( )Radians OR ( ) = 1 Radians
180 π
19. Wave Equation
v = fλ
λ
v =
T
20. Circular Motion
S = rθ
Δθ
ω =
Δt
Δω
α =
Δt
S = rθ
v = rω
a = rα
2π
ω =
T
ω = 2πf
2πr
v =
T
v = 2πrf
Angular Momentum
L = r × P sinθ
2
L = mr ω
2
L = Iω ∵ (I = mr )
1
ω ∝
2
r
21. Centripetal Motion
2
mv
Fc =
r
2
F c = mω r
2
v
ac =
r
2
ac = ω r
2
4π r
ac =
2
T
2 2
a c = 4π rf
22. Gravitational Motion
Mm
F = G
2
r
Mm
mg = F = G
2
r
M
g = G
2
r
Gravitational Field Strength, can also be used to calculate freefall.
GM
g =
2
(r + h)
Free Fall from a height.
2GM
√
v =
r
Escape Velocity
23. Orbital Motion
GM
v = √
r
2 3
4π r
2
T =
GM
24. Fluid Equations
F d = 6πηrv
Drag Force
2
ρ2gr
vt =
9η
Terminal Velocity of spherical drop
Equation of Continuity
A 1 v 1 = Constant
1
v ∝
A
Bernouli Eq
1
2
P + ρv + ρgh = Constant
2
v = √ 2g(h 1 − h 2 )
When: P=constant, initial velocity=approaches zero
1
2 2
P1 − P2 = ρ(v − v )
2 1
2
When: Height= constant
1 2(P 1 − P 2 )
2
P1 − P2 = ρv ⇒ [v = √ ]
2 ρ
2(P 1 − P 2 )
v = √
ρ
When: Height= constant, initial velocity=approaches zero
25. Archimdes and Pascal Stuff
F = −ρV g
P = ρgh
P = ρgh + P external
In case of exteranal pressure.
F
P =
A
P1 = P2
F1 F2
=
A1 A2
V1 = V2
W1 = W2
F1 ⋅ d1 = F2 ⋅ d2
26. Electrostatic Stuff
q1 q2
F ∝
2
r
q1 q2
F = K
2
r
1
k =
4πϵ ∘
1 q1 q2
F = ×
2
4πϵ ∘ r
1 1 q1 q2
F = × ×
2
4πϵ ∘ ϵr r
In case of medium.
1 1 q1 q2
CoulombEnergy = × ×
4πϵ ∘ ϵr r
F
E =
q
1 q1 q
× 2
4πϵ ∘ r
E =
q
1 q
E = ×
2
4πϵ ∘ r
q
E = k ×
2
r
F = Eq ∘
F
q =
E
Φ = E ⋅ A
1
Φ = × Q
ϵ
W
V =
q
U
V =
q
Energy
ΔV =
q
joule
V olt =
coulomb
ΔU
ΔV =
q
ΔW
ΔV =
q
F ⋅ Δr
ΔV =
q
(Eq) ⋅ Δr
ΔV =
q
ΔV = −E ⋅ Δr
negative sign shows that potential difference is in opposite direction to electric field.
q
ΔV = k × ⋅ Δr
2
r
q
ΔV = k ×
r
1 q
ΔV = ×
4πϵ r
ΔV
E = −
Δr
27. Capacitance Stuff
Q ∝ V
Q = CV
Q
C =
V
Aϵ ∘
C =
d
Aϵ ∘
C vac =
d
Aϵ ∘
C med = × ϵr
d
C med = C vac × ϵ r
C med
ϵr =
C vac
Energy = ΔV ⋅ q
1 1
Energy = V ⋅ q ∵ (ΔV = V)
2 2
1
2
Energy = CV
2
1 Aϵ ∘ ϵ r
2
Energy = × × (E ⋅ d)
2 d
1
2
Energy = × (ϵ ∘ ϵ r E )(V olume)
2
1 2
Energy × (ϵ ∘ ϵ r E )(V olume)
2
EnergyDensity = =
V olume V olume
1
2
EnergyDensity = × (ϵ ∘ ϵ r E )
2
28. OHM's Law Stuff
V = IR
q
I =
t
L
R ∝
A
L
R = ρ
A
RA
ρ =
L
2
H eatingEf f ect = I RT
W Vq
P = ⇒ P = ⇒ P = VI
t t
P = VI
2
P = I R
2
V
P =
R
E
I =
R + r
E = IR + Ir
E = V + Ir
