JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M.TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY
COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS

I Year – II Semester
Category Course Title Int. Ext. L P C
marks marks
Core Course IV Bioreactor Engineering 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course V Immunology and Immunotechnology 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course VI Downstream Processing 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Elective III 1. Plant Biotechnology 25 75 4 -- 4
2. Nanobiotechnology and Nanodevices
3. Microbes and Infections
Core Elective IV 1. Animal Cell Science and Technology 25 75 4 -- 4
2. Biochemical Reaction Engineering
3. Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
Open Elective II Bioethics, Bio-safety and Intellectual Property Rights 25 75 4 -- 4
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Laboratory II Bioprocess Engineering and Cell culture Techniques 25 75 -- 4 2
Seminar II Seminar 50 -- -- 4 2
Total Credits 24 8 28
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING

UNIT-I:
Bioreactors: Different types of Bioreactor, Different modes of operation, Main components of the
bioreactor and their functions. Bioreactor design: Batch reactor, cell death in batch reactor, chemostat,
endogenous metabolism, maintenance, product & substrate inhibition on chemostat, multiple steady state
analysis, enzyme catalysis in CSTR, cascade reactor, plug flow reactor, fed batch reactor, Chemostat
with cell recycle and feed forward control.

UNIT-II:
Mass Transport in Bioreactors: Introduction of mass transfers, Gas-liquid mass transfer in cellular
systems, basics mass transfer concepts, solubility of gases (O2, CO2) in biological media, Mass balance
for two-phase bioreactor. Bubble column, bubble generation at an orifice, bubble coalescence and
breakup, Gas holdup, interfacial area, Immobile and mobile gas liquid interface, Regimes of bubbles,
Design of bubble columns. Experiment determination of kLa, static method, dynamic method and
chemical method. Oxygen uptake by cell cultures.

UNIT-III:
Momentum Transport in Bioreactors: Rheology of Fermentation Broths: Rheology Properties, Factors
affecting broth viscosity, mixing equipment, Flow patterns in agitated tanks, Mechanism of Mixing,
Assessing Mixing effectiveness Power requirement for mixing: Ungassed Newtonian fluids, Ungassed
Non-Newtonian fluids.
Momentum transport in Stirred tank Bioreator: Agitator Design & Operation- Radial flow impellers,
Axial flow impellers, Agitator design for low Viscous and High Viscous fluids. Laminar and turbulent flow
in stirred tank bioreactors, Kolmogorov eddy size, preventing vortex formation, off centre impellers,
baffles. Oxygen delivery systems: Sparger design, Effect of impeller speed.

UNIT-IV :
Case Studies: Introduction, Design of Packed Bed Bioreactor: Design of a packed bed reactor for a bio-
film growth on support system, Specific design, Design of packed bed bioreactor packed with immobilized
whole cell catalysts; Airlift Bioreactors: Classification, Type of analysis and parameters to measure;
Hollow Fiber Bioreactor (HFBR), Plant Cell Bioreactor: Classes and Design of Bioreactor, Design of
Bioreactors for Solid State Fermentaion (SSF), Mammalian Cell Bioreactor Design: Fermentor balancing
for semi-continuous multi-tank mammalian cell culture process.

UNIT-V
Non Ideal Reactors and Scale Up & Scale Down of Bioreactors: Introduction, Non ideal parameters,
Residence Time Distribution, E(t) or F(t) and the bioreactor design, Models for Non ideal flow, Application
of RTD based models to Non ideal bioreactors.
Scale-Up & Down of Bioreactor and Control of Bioreactor: Scaling up and down of bioreactors, based
on rules-of-thumbviz., constant (P/V), KLa etc., Control of bioreactor, Sensor used in the bioreactor, pH,
O2, CO2 electode. Online sensors for cell properties, Direct regulatory control and cascade control
mechanisms.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Blanch HW and Clark DS: Biochemical Engineering Marcel Decker Year of Publication 1987
2. Bioreactors Analysis and Design: Tapobrata Panda, Tata McGraw Hill Year of publication 2011

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1) Bailey JE, Ollis DF; Biochemical Engineering fundamentals Year of Publication 1986
2) Pauline M. Doran: Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Elsevier Publications.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT-I
Introduction : Immune system and organs of the immune system: Phylogeny of Immune System -
Innate and acquired immunity - Clonal nature of immune response, antigens, immunogens, super
antigens. Lymphoid organs: Lymphoid follicle, Thymus, Lymph node, Spleen, MALT, GALT, SALT.
Cells of the immune system: Hematopoiesis and differentiation, Macrophages, Dendritic cells, Natural
killer and Lymphokine activated killer cells, Eosinophils, Neutrophils and Mast-Cells.

UNIT-II:
Humoral Immunity and Applications: B cell types, B cell receptors and activation, Immunoglobulin
diversity, Antibody structure and function, Antigen- antibody interactions (including ADCC), antibodies in
diagnosis, Hybridoma technology, B cell memory.

UNIT-III:
T Cells and Cell Mediated Immunity: MHC restriction, Antigen presentation, T cell subsets and
functions of each, T cell activation and regulation, Cell mediated immune functions- cytotoxicity,
interferon; T cell memory - Central and peripheral.

UNIT-IV:
Autoimmunity and Transplantation Immunology:
Autoimmune disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis, Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Transplantation: Transplantation

UNIT V:
immunotherapy, Vaccines and Adjuvants: Immune response to infectious diseases (humoral, cell-
mediated, examples), Vaccines – Types , technologies, Adjuvants – Function, mechanism of action, new
generation adjuvants, Immunotherapy – antibodies (polyclonal, monoclonal), cytokines, cell therapy,
diseases (HIV, HCV).

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Kuby Immunology (Kindt, Kuby Immunology) - Thomas J. Kindt, Barbara A. Osborne, Richard A.
Goldsby, publisher: W. H. Freeman, 2006
2. Immunology- David Male, Jonathan Brostoff, David Roth, Ivan Roitt, publisher: Mosby, 2006

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fundamental Immunology- William E Paul, publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008
2. Immunology, Infection, and Immunity - Gerald B. Pier, Jeffrey B. Lyczak, Lee M. Wetzler,
publisher: ASM Press, 2004
3. Lecture Notes: Immunology, 5th Edition- Ian Todd, Gavin Spickett, publisher: Wiley-Blackwell,
2005
4. Immunology: A Short Course- Richard Coico, Geoffrey Sunshine, publisher: Wiley-Blackwell,
2009
5. Cellular and Molecular Immunology- Abul K. Abbas MBBS, Andrew H. Lichtman MD PhD, Shiv
Pillai MD, publisher: Saunders, 2007
6. Roitt's Essential Immunology (Essentials) - Peter Delves, Seamus Martin, Dennis Burton, Ivan
Roitt, publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, 2006
7. Schaum's Outline of Immunology- George Pinchuk, publisher: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING

UNIT-I:
Scope of Downstream Processing: Importance of Down Stream Processing (DSP) in Biotechnology,
characteristics of products, criteria for selection of bio-separation techniques. Role of DSP methods in
bioprocess economics. Cell Disruption Methods: Various cell disruption methods, need for cell
disruption for intracellular products (Homogenizer, French press & Dynomill), cell disruption equipment.
Applications in bio-processing. Flocculation: Principles of flocculation, various flocculating agents,
applications in bio-processing. Coagulation: Principles of coagulations and its applications in bio-
processing.

UNIT-II
Solid- Liquid Separation:
Filtration: Principles, filter aids, Types of filtrations, constant and continuous (TFF), depth filtration,
constant volume filtration, constant pressure filtration, specific cake resistance, equivalent cake thickness,
filtration equipments viz; plate and frame filter press, vacuum filters, leaf filters. Sedimentation: Principles
of particle settling, batch sedimentation equipment viz., thickener. Centrifugation: Principles of
centrifugation, centrifuge effect, g-number, sigma factor, various centrifuges viz., basket centrifuge,
tabular centrifuge, disc-bowl centrifuge, scale –up of centrifuges.

UNIT-III:
Adsorption: adsorption equilibria and isotherms, principles of adsorption, adsorption equipment,
applications. Precipitation: Principles of precipitation, precipitation equipment, applications in bio-
processing. Foaming: Principles of foaming, various foaming agents and their interaction with the
products, applications in bioprocess.
Liquid-liquid Extraction; Extraction process and principles, phase equilibrium and distribution, batch
and continuous extraction, co-current and counter current extraction processes, L-L-E equipment.
Applications in bio-technology.

UNIT-IV:
Separation and Purification Processes: Basic principles of membrane separation, membrane
characteristics, different types of membranes, criteria for selection of membranes.
Chromatographic and Electrophoresis Methods: Principles of chromatographic separation methods,
different types of chromatographic methods, viz., adsorption chromatography, ion – exchange
chromatography, gel chromatography, affinity chromatography etc. with applications in bio-processing.
Principles of electrophoresis, SDS- PAGE, Hydrophobic chromatography, 2D gel electrophoresis,
capillary electrophoresis.

UNIT-V:
Scale-Up and Scale Down of Downstream Unit Operations:
Crystallization: Principles of crystallization, crystallization equipment. Applications in bio-processing.
Drying: Various types of drying methods, principles of drying, EMC-RH data, drying curves, various types
of industrial dryers and their criteria for choice. Freeze drying technique and its advantages over other
methods. Applications in bio-processing. Overview.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Genekopolis, Transport phenomena and Unit Process.
2. Bailey and Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Principles
3. Blanch, Biochemical Engineering
4. Mc Cabe and Smith, Unit Operations in chemical Engineering
5. Principles of Fermentation Technology by Peter F Stan bury, Allan Whitaker and Stephen J Hall,
Pergamon Publications.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
 1. Separation Process in Biotechnology edited by Juan A. Asenjo, Taylor & Francis Group
2. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol.2 Edition, M. Moo –young (1985).
3. Product Recovery in Bioprocess technology, BIOTOL series, Butterworth –Heinemann.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Core Elective III)

UNIT-I
Plant Tissue Culture & Totipotency: Totipotency, Biotechnological applications of plant tissue culture,
Establishment of aseptic cultures, Initiation of callus and suspension cultures, Nutritional components of
tissue culture media.

UNIT-II
Tissue Culture Techniques-I: Regeneration of plants, Organogenesis, Micropropagation with shoot
apex cultures (Clonal Propagation), Somatic Embryogenesis. Anther and Pollen culture, Production of
haploids and their application, Storage of plant genetic resources (Cryopreservation), Somaclonal
variation, Commercial production of plants – Automation. Selection of callus, cell lines – Utilization of
artificial, neural networks.

UNIT-III
Tissue Culture Techniques-II: Isolation and culture of protoplasts, protoplast fusion and somatic
hybridization, Selection systems for somatic hybrids / Cybrids and their characterization, Production of
Secondary metabolites by plant cell cultures, commercial production of secondary metabolites,
Technology for yield enhancement and bioreactor system and models for mass cultivation of plant cells.
Biotransformations using plant cell cultures, Elicitation, permeabilization, immobilization and in situ
product recovery.

UNIT-IV
Transgenic Technology-I: Genetic Transformation methods for production of transgenic plants (Direct,
Indirect), In planta genetic transformation, Direct Gene Transfer (DGT) methods, Agrobacterium mediated
genetic transformation (Indirect), Chloroplast transformation and production of transplastomics.

UNIT-V
Transgenic Technology-II: Production of genetically modified plants/crops for agronomic traits,
transgenic plants for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, transgenic plants for quality traits, Industrial
enzymes, Molecular farming for therapeutic protein (Plantibodies, Plantigens, Edible Vaccines).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Plant Cell, Tissue, and Organ culture” by J Reinert and Y P S Bajaj.
2. Plant Tissue Culture Theory and Applications Bhojwani SS and Razdan ,Elsevier Publication.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Plant Biotechnology New Products and Applications. Hammond PM and Yusibov V. Springer
1. International Edition.
2. “Plant Tissue Culture” Thorpe, T.A. (Ed.).
3. “Handbook of Plant Cell Culture” Eds. Sharp et al.
4. “Plant Biotechnology” Eds. Mantell & Smith
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

NANO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND NANO DEVICES

(Core Elective III)

UNIT-I
Introduction to Nano-Biotechnology: Nanotechnology definition and concepts; Cellular Nanostructures;
Nanopores; Biomolecular motors; Criteria for suitability of nanostructures for biological applications.

UNIT-II:
Basic Characterization Techniques; Electron microscopy; Atomic force: microscopy; Photon correlation
Spectroscopy.

UNIT-III
Nano Structures: Thin films; Colloidal nanostructures; Nanovesicles; Nanospheres; Nanocapsules.

UNIT-IV
Nanostructures for Drug Delivery: Concepts, targeting, routes of delivery and advantages.

UNIT-V
Applications of Nano Structures: Nanostructures for diagnostics and biosensors; Nanoparticles for
diagnostics and imaging; Nanodevices for sensor development.

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Multilayer Thin Films, Editor(s): Gero Decher, Joseph B. Schlenoff Publisher: Wiley-VCH
1. Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA ISBN: 3527304401
2. Bionanotechnology: Lessons from Nature Author: David S. Goodsell Publisher: Wiley-Liss
3. ISBN: 047141719X
4. Biomedical Nanotechnology Editor: Neelina H. Malsch Publisher: CRC Press
5. ISBN: 0-8247-2579-4.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

MICROBES AND INFECTION

(Core Elective III)

UNIT I:
Epidemiology and Spread: Why to study epidemiology? Case of cholera in London, Incidence,
Prevalence, Out breaks (Sporadic, epidemic, pandemic, endemic), Spread – fecal/oral (food/water). Air-
borne, vector-borne.

UNIT II:
Bacterial Diseases: Exotoxic and endotoxic bacteria, intracellular and extracellular bacteria, Bacterial
diseases of man and animals (Cholera, T.B, Typhoid, Anthrax, Brucellosis), Antibiotics – classes,
antibiotic resistance and mechanisms.

UNIT III:
Viral Diseases: Virus classification and replication, viral diseases of man and animals (Hepatitis B,
measles, influenza, rabies, foot and mouth disease, blue tongue, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, HIV),
Control of viral diseases – antivirals, vaccines.

UNIT IV:
Vector-Borne Diseases and Zoonoses: Vector-borne bacteria (Lyme disease), Viruses (JE, Dengue,
Chickungunya) and Protozoa (Malaria, trypanosomes), Mechanical and amplifying vectors, zoonoses
(Anthrax, Brucellosis, Japanese encephalitis, Influenza, Ebola).

UNIT V:
Experimental Models and Pathogenesis: In vitro models to study pathogenesis (cellular changes –
apoptosis, necrosis, changes in cellular function), Animal models of disease – lab animals, transgenic
animals, humanized animals, In vivo pathogenesis – host and cell tropism, physiological dysfunction.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Bacterial pathogenesis, Abigail A Salyers

2. Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach, Abigail A
3. Revenge of the Microbes: How Bacterial Resistance is Undermining the
4. Antibiotic Miracle, Abigail A Salyers, Dixie D. Whitt
5. Viral Pathogenesis 1st Edition, Neal M. Nathanson , Nathanson
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

ANIMAL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Core Elective IV)

UNIT-I
Basics of Animal Cell and Its Culturing: Structure and organization of an animal cell, Types of animal
cell culture – cell culture, organ/tissue culture, organotypic culture and histotypic culture, Equipments and
materials needed for animal cell culture technology.

UNIT-II
Animal Cell Culture Medium and its Components and their Significance: Introduction to the balanced
salt solutions and growth medium, Brief discussion on the chemical, physical and metabolic functions of
different constituents of culture medium, Role of carbon-di-oxide and role of serum and its supplements in
maintaining cells in culture medium, Serum and protein free defined media and their application

UNIT-III
Basic Techniques of Mammalian Cell Culture in vitro: Primary and established cell lines, Biology and
characterization of the cultured cells, measuring parameters of growth. Maintenance of cell culture, Cell
separation, Cell transformation, Cell synchronization, Measurement of viability and cytotoxicity, Apoptosis
– characteristic features and molecular mechanisms, Measurement of cell death.

UNIT-IV
Engineering Animal Cells: Somatic cell genetics, Cell culture based vaccines, Genetic engineering of
mammalian cells in culture, Scaling up of animal cell culture, Stem cell cultures – embryonic and adult
stem cells and their applications.

UNIT-V
Applications of Animal Cell Culture: Three dimensional culture and tissue engineering, Applications of
animal cell culture technology (heterologous, Primary culture/CEF culturing, Protein Expression).

BOOKS:

1. Culture of Animal Cells, (3rd Edition), Fl. !an Froshney. Wiley-Liss.

2. Animal Cell Culture - Practical Approach, Ed. John R.W. Masters, OXFORD,
3. Cell Growth and Division: A Practical Approach. Ed. R. Basega, IRL Press.
4. Cell Culture Lab Fax. Eds. M Butler & M. Dawson, Bios Scientific Publications Ltd..Oxford.
5. Animal Cell Culture Techniques. Ed. Martin Clynes, Springer.
6. Methods in Cell Biology, Vol. 57, Animal Cell Culture Methods. Ed. Jenni P Mather and David
Barnes. Academic Press.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

BIOCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING

(Core Elective IV)

UNIT-I
Overview of Chemical Reaction Engineering: Classification of reactions, variables affecting the rate of
reaction, concept of order, molecularity of a reaction, definition of reaction rate, concentration dependent
term of rate equation, Temperature dependent term of rate equation.

UNIT-II
Interpretation of Batch Reactor Data: Introduction, Interpretation of Batch Reactor Data - Constant
volume batch reactor, Integral and differential method of analysis of data.
Variable volume reactor – Integral & Differential method of analysis of data.

UNIT-III:
Introduction to Reactor Design: Single ideal reactors – Ideal batch reactor, steady state mixed flow
reactor, plug flow reactor.

UNIT-IV
Design for Single and Multiple Reactions: Size comparisons of single reactors, mixed versus Plug flow
reactors, 1st and 2nd order reactions multiple reactor system – Plug flow reactors in series and parallel,
equal size mixed reactors in series.
Design for Multiple Reactors: Reactions in Parallel and series.

UNIT-V
Non Isothermal Reactions & Non-Ideal Reactors: Heat of reaction, equilibrium constants from
thermodynamics, equilibrium conversion, optimum temperature progression, heat effects, adiabatic
operations, non-adiabatic operations.
Concepts of residence time distribution, micro and macro mixing, reasons for non-ideality, concept of
RTD analysis (E-C-F functions), diagnosing the ills of non-ideal bioreactors.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Octave Levenspiel, “Chemical Reaction Engineering” Second Edition, Wiley Publishers.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. K.A. Gavhane, “Chemical Reaction Engineering-I” Nirali Prakashan Publishers.

2. Introduction to Biochemical Engineering by D G Rao, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

BIOINFORMATICS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY

(Core Elective IV)

UNIT-I
Introduction to Bioinformatics & Sequencing Alignment Concepts: Need of Computers in
Biotechnology Research; File Transfer Protocol (FTP), TELNET,HTTP; Bioinformatics- Introduction,
Scope, Applications; Strings, Edit distance, Pair wise Alignment-Local, Global alignment; Gap- Gap
penalty; Comparison of Pair wise and Multiple alignment.

UNIT-II
Biological Databases and Datamining: Biological Information on the web, Introduction to databases;
Classification of Biological databases; Information retrieval from Databases; Sequence database search-
FASTA, BLAST; Amino acid substitution matrices- PAM and BLOSUM; Data Mining and Visualization
(RASMOL). Phylogenetic Analysis and Prediction: Understanding Evolutionary process; Origins of
Molecular Phylogenetics; Common Multiple Sequence alignment methods; Phylogenetic analysis:
Methods, Tools & Problems (Clustal W).

UNIT-III:
Genome Mapping and Prediction: Genome sequencing; Genome Mapping; Comparative Sequence
Analysis; Gene Prediction Methods &Tools, Gene Annotation; Human Genome Mapping (HGP). RNA
Sequence and Structure Analysis - si-RNA design and development, micro RNA identification
strategies, RNA secondary structure, RNA structure Prediction Methods.

UNIT-IV
Protein Structure Prediction Methods: Basics of Protein biology (Classification, Structural
Organization, Domains & Motifs); Protein Structure Prediction Concepts : Secondary & Tertiary Structure
Predictions (Chou-Fasman Method, GOR Method, Neural Network method, Homology Modeling, Abintio
method, Threading methods).

UNIT V:
Introduction to Systems and Synthetic Biology: Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and
metabolomics as a foundation for Systems Biology, Objectives of Systems Biology – holistic approach to
solve biological problems, Strategies relating to in silico modeling of biological processes, Gene, protein
and metabolic networks, Signal transduction pathways, Gene expression patterns, Synthetic Biology –
Introduction and Artificial synthesis of DNA, peptides and chromosomes – Applications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bioinformatics: Methods and Applications- SC Rastogi, N Mendiratta & P Rastogi.
2. Bioinformatics Basics, Applications in Biological Science and Medicine- Hooman
3. Bioinformatics: Genome and sequence analysis by David W Mount.
4. Bioinformatics: A practical guide to analysis of genes and proteins by Baxevanis, Andreas D Wiley –
Interscience publishers.
5. Principles of biological Databases by P. B. Kavi kishor and L.N. Chavali.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Computational Molecular Biology – An Introduction by Peter Clote, Rolf Backofen, John Wiley &
Sons.
2. Essential Bioinformatics: by Jin Xiong, Cambridge University Press
3. Bioinformatics Principles & Applicatrions by Zhumur Ghosh, Oxford University Press
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

BIO ETHICS , BIOSAFETY & INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

(Open Elective II)
UNIT I:
Bioethics: Principles of Bioethics, Ethics in Clinical Research: History structure regulation impact of
Ethics in all aspects of health care, historical cases, negligence, informed consent, mental competence,
Bioethics in Microbial (Bioterrorism), Plant (GMO) & Animal (Stem Cells, Cloning, human embryos and
IVF), shared responsibilities for decisions and the understanding of the risk.

UNIT II:
Biosafety Concepts & Regulations: Definition of Biosafety, Biosafety for human health and
environment, Assessment of Biological hazard, Levels of biosafety for microbes, plants & animals,
Cartagena protocol, Use of genetically modified organisms and their release in to the
environment.Special procedures for r-DNA based products. International dimensions in Biosafety.
Biotechnology and food safety. Case study – Bt Cotton, Bt Brinjal

UNIT III:
Introduction to IPR & Patents: Discovery, Creativity, Innovation, Invention, Need for IPR, Types of IPR,
Genesis & development of IPR in India, Definition, Scope, Protection, Patentability Criteria, Types of
Patents (Process, Product & Utility Models), Software Patenting. Types of searching, public & private
searching Databases. Drafting & Filing of Patent applications, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). Patent
infringement.

UNIT IV:
Other Types of IPR: Copyrights – Definition, granting, infringement, searching & filing, distinction
between copy rights and related rights; Trade Marks - role in commerce, importance, protection,
registration, domain names; Trade Secrets, Unfair competition; Industrial Designs – Scope, protection,
filing, infringement; Semiconductors, Integrated Circuits & Layout design; Geographical Indications &
Appellations of Origin; Case Studies.

UNIT V:
IPRS and Biotechnology: Plant variety Protection, Farmers & Breeders Rights, Indian Biodiversity Act,
Protection of Traditional Knowledge, Biopiracy & Bioprospecting, ITPGRFA, Budapest Treaty & IDA,
Biotechnology Patenting issues, Gene Patenting, Case studies (Diamond vs Chakravarthy, Dimminaco
AG vs. Controller of Patents, Basmati Rice, Turmeric, Neem, Harvard Oncomouse, Transgenic Plant
Patents)

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bioethics – Shaleesha A Stanley, Wisdom Educational Service, Chennai, 2008
2. V Sree Krishna. Bioethics & Biosafety in Biotechnology. New age International Publications, 2007.
3. Deborah E. Bouchoux, Intellectual Property for Paralegals – The law of Trademarks, Copyrights,
4. Patents & Trade secrets, 3rd Edition, Cengage learning, 2012
5. N.S. Gopalakrishnan & T.G. Agitha, Principles of Intellectual Property, Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow, 2009.
REFERENCES:
1. Singer, Peter A.; Viens, A.M. (2008), Cambridge Textbook of Bioethics, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-69443-8
2. Anitha Rao R & Bhanoji Rao “Intellectual Property Rights – A Primer”, Eastern Book Company, 2008.
3. Thomas, J.A., Fuch, R.L. (2002). Biotechnology and Safety Assessment (3rd Ed). Academic Press.
4. M. M. S. Karki , Intellectual Property Rights: Basic Concepts, Atlantic Publishers, 2009
5. Neeraj Pandey & Khushdeep Dharni, Intellectual Property Rights, Phi Learning Pvt. Ltd
6. Ajit Parulekar and Sarita D’ Souza, Indian Patents Law – Legal & Business Implications; Macmillan
India ltd, 2006.
7. B. L. Wadehra. Law Relating to Patents, Trade Marks, Copyright, Designs & Geographical
Indications; Universal law Publishing Pvt. Ltd., India 2000.
8. P. Narayanan; Law of Copyright and Industrial Designs; Eastern law House, Delhi, 2010
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Open Elective II)

UNIT I:
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells in Biotech Production: Actinomycetes in Biotech Production,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Other Fungi in Biotech Production, Plants in Biotech Production,
Transgenic Plants as Functional Foods or Neutraceuticals Transgenic Plants and Plant Cell Culture as
Bioreactors of Secondary Metabolites, Transgenic Plants as Bioreactors of Recombinant Protein.

UNIT II:
Drug Modifications: Pharmacodynamics of protein therapeutics; Chemical modification of proteins/
therapeutics; Immuno suppressor in antibody therapy; Pharmaco Genomics.,Molecular modification of
lead compounds; Assay systems and models (e.g., Knockout Mice). Antisense technology as cell based
therapeutics.

UNIT III:
Pharmaceuticals Production in Plants: Drugs derived from plants, , Antitumor agent - Etoposide,
Colchicine, Taxol, Vinblastine, Vincristine. Cardiotonic – Convallatoxin, Acetyldigoxin, Adoniside,
Antiinflammatory – Aescin, Bromelain, Choleretic – Curcumin, Biopharmaceuticals Expressed in Plants
Alternative Expression Systems, Three Promising Examples: Tobacco (Rhizosecretion, Transfection) and
Moss (Glycosylation).

UNIT IV:
DNA Vaccines and Antibody Drug: DNA Vaccine Construction and Immunology DNA Vaccine
Expression Plasmids Delivery of DNA Vaccines. Peptide vaccine, Gene Pharming, Cytokines as
biopharmaceuticals, Rituximab, therapeutic enzymes.

UNIT V:
Biogeneric Drugs Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Erythropoietin (EPO), Colonystimulating
Factors (CSFs), Human Growth Hormone (hGH), Insulins, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Factor VIII (FVIII),
Interferons (IFN) .Therapeutic hormone- insulin production through recombinant DNA technology.

BOOKS:
1. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Oliver Kayser, Rainer H. Müller, Wiley Publishers, 2005.
2. Drug Discovery and Clinical Applications; Heinrich Klefenz, 2002.
3. Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, WILEY-VCH Publication, Germany. Daan Crommelin,
Robert D Sindelar, 2002.
4. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Tailor and Francis Publications, Newyork. Jay P Rho, Stan G Louie,
2003, Hand.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Biotechnology)

BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING & CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

PART-A

1. Growth kinetics in Batch culture.

2. Study of Enzyme kinetics of INVERTASE.
3. Determination of Enzyme activity for CELLULASE.
4. Effect of pH on Enzyme kinetics.
5. Enzyme inhibition.
6. Enzyme immobilization by different methods.
7. Medium Design – a) PLACKETT – BUKMAN design for media.
b) Response surface methodology for media design
8. Sodium sulphite oxidation method for determination of Mass Transfer coefficient.
9. Dynamic gassing method for determination of Mass Transfer coefficient.
10. Ethanol production from Saccharomyces cerevesiae.
11. Pre-treatment technique for ligno – cellulosic biomass for ETHANOL PRODUCTION.

PART-B

1. Preparation of medium.
2. Surface sterilization.
3. Organ culture.
4. Cell suspension cultures.
5. Growth and production kinetics for secondary metabolite production and quantification.
6. Genetic transformation studies using Agrobacterium.
7. Preparation of Culture medium (Animal Cell Culture).
8. Cell counting and Cell viability.
9. Trypsinization of Monolayer and Subculturing.
10. Cryopreservation and Thawing.