NCERT Questions

NCERT Edition 2023-24

Electromagnetic Induction

SUBJECT: NEET-PHYSICS COURSE: SRG

Solved Examples

1. Consider Faraday Experiment.

(a) What would you do to obtain a large deflection of the galvanometer?

(b) How would you demonstrate the presence of an induced current in the absence of a

galvanometer?

Sol. (a) To obtain a large defection, one or more of the following steps can be taken: (i) Use a rod made

of soft iron inside the coil C2, (ii) Connect the coil to a powerful battery, and (iii) Move the

arrangement rapidly towards the test coil C1.

(b) Replace the galvanometer by a small bulb, the kind one finds in a small torch light. The relative

motion between the two coils will cause the bulb to glow and thus demonstrate the presence of

an induced current.

2. A square loop of side 10 cm and resistance 0.5 Ω is placed vertically in the east-west plane. A

uniform magnetic field of 0.10 T is set up across the plane in the north-east direction. The magnetic

field decreased to zero in 0.70 s at a steady rate.

(a) Determine the magnitudes of induced emf.

(1) 1 mV (2) 2 mV (3) 4 mV (4) 0.5 mV

(b) Determine the current during this time-interval.

(1) 2 × 10–4 A (2) 4 × 10–4 A (3) 2 × 10–3 A (4) 4 × 10–3 A

KTN01_3787 1
Sol. The angle θ made by the area vector of the coil with the magnetic field is 45°. The initial magnetic

flux is

φ = BA cosθ

0.1 × 10–2
= Wb
2

Final flux, φmin = 0

The change in flux is brought about in 0.70 s. The magnitude of the induced emf is given by

| ∆φB | 10–3
=ε = = 1.0 mV
∆t 2 × 0.7

And the magnitude of the current is

ε 10 V
–3

Ι= = = 2 mA
R 0.5 Ω

Note that the earth's magnetic field also produces a flux through the loop. But it is steady field

(which does not change withing the time span of the experiment) and hence does not induce any

emf.

3. A circular coil of radius 10 cm, 500 turns and resistance 2 Ω is placed with its plane perpendicular

to the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field. It is rotated about its vertical diameter

through 180° in 0.25 s. Horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the place is 3.0 × 10–5 T.

(a) Estimate the magnitudes of the emf.

(1) 3.8 × 10–5 V (2) 6.4 × 10–5 V (3) 3.8 × 10–3 V (4) 6.4 × 10–3 V

(b) Estimate the current induced in the coil.

(1) 3.8 × 10–3 A (2) 1.9 × 10–3 AV (3) 3.8 × 10–5 A (4) 1.9 × 10–5 A

Sol. Initial flux through the coil,

φB(initial) = NBA cos θ = NBA cos 0° = NBA

Final flux after the rotation,

φB(final) = NBA cos θ = NBA cos 180° = –NBA

Therefore, estimated value of the induced emf is,

∆φ 2NBA
ε= = = 3.8 × 10−3 Volt
∆t ∆t

I=
ε /R =
1.9 × 10−3 A

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4. Figure shows planar loops of different shapes moving out of or into a region of a magnetic field
which is directed normal to the plane of the loop away from the reader. Determine the direction of
induced current in each loop using Lenz’s law.

Sol. (i) The magnetic flux through the rectangular loop abcd increases, due to the motion of the loop
into the region of magnetic field, The induced current must flow along the path bcdab so that it
opposes the increasing flux. (Current will be anticlockwise)
(ii) Due to the outward motion, magnetic flux through the triangular loop abc decreases due to
which the induced current flows along bacb, so as to oppose the change in flux. (Current will be
clockwise)
(iii) As the magnetic flux decreases due to motion of the irregular shaped loop abcd out of the
region of magnetic field, the induced current flows along cdabc, so as to oppose chane in flux.
(Current will be clockwise)

5. (a) A closed loop is held stationary in the magnetic field between the north and south poles of two
permanent magnets held fixed. Can we hope to generate current in the loop by using very strong
magnets?
(b) A closed loop moves normal to the constant electric field between the plates of a large
capacitor. Is a current induced in the loop (i) when it is wholly inside the region between the
capacitor plates (ii) when it is partially outside the plates of the capacitor? The electric field is
normal to the plane of the loop.
(c) A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform magnetic field region
Figure to a field-free region with a constant velocity v. In which loop do you expect the induced
emf to be constant during the passage out of the field region? The field is normal to the loops.

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 (d) Predict the polarity of the capacitor in the situation described by figure.

Sol. (a) No. However strong the magnet may be, current can be induced only by changing the magnetic

flux through the loop.

(b) No current is induced in either case. Current can not be induced by changing the electric flux.

(c) The induced emf is expected to be constant only in the case of the rectangular loop. In the case

of circular loop, the rate of change of area of the loop. In the case of circular loop, the rate of

change of area of the loop during its passage out of the field region is not constant, hence induced

emf will vary accordingly.

(d) The polarity of plate 'A' will be positive with respect to plate 'B' in the capacitor.

6. A metallic rod of 1 m length is rotated with a frequency of 50 rev/s, with one end hinged at the

centre and the other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius 1 m, about an

axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring Figure. A constant and

uniform magnetic field of 1 T parallel to the axis is present everywhere. What is the emf between

the centre and the metallic ring?

(1) 264 V (2) 328 V (3) 76 V (4) 157 V

1
Sol. e
= BωR2
2

1
× 1 × 2π × 50 × ( 1) = 157 V
2
⇒ e=
2

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7. A wheel with 10 metallic spokes each 0.5 m long is rotated with a speed of 120 rev/min in a plane

normal to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field BH at a place. If BH = 0.4 G at the

place, what is the induced emf between the axle and the rim of the wheel? Note that 1 G = 10–4 T.

(1) 6.28 × 10–5 V (2) 3.14 × 10–5 V (3) 6.28 × 10–4 V (4) 3.14 × 10–4 V

1 1  120 
( )
 × ( 0.5 )
2
Sol. e
= BωR=
2
0.4 × 10−4  2π ×
2 2  60 

–5
= 6.28 × 10 V

The number of spokes is immaterial because the emfs across the spokes are in parallel.

8. Two concentric circular coils, one of small radius r1 and the other of large radius r2, such that

r1 << r2, are placed co-axially with centres coinciding. Obtain the mutual inductance of the

arrangement.

µ0 πr12 µ0 πr22 µ0 πr12 µ0 πr22

(1) (2) (3) (4)
4r2 4r1 2r2 2r1

Sol. Let a current I2 flow through the outer circular coil. The field at the centre of the coil is

B2 = µ0I2/2r2. Since the other co-axially placed coil has a very small radius, B2

may be considered constant over its cross-sectional area. Hence, flux linked
r1
with inner coil is I2
µ0 πr12 r2
φ=
1
B2 A 1 cos 0=
° B2 πr12 = ( ) 2r2
I2

φ1 µ πr2
Now M = ⇒ M =0 1
I2 2r2

9. (a) Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy stored in a solenoid in terms of magnetic field

B, area A and length l of the solenoid.

B2 A BA B2 A BA
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2µ0 2µ0 4µ0 4µ0

(b) How does this magnetic energy compare with the electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor?

(1) In Both the cases the energy is proportional to field strength

(2) In Both the cases the energy is proportional to square of field strength

(3) Electric energy is proportional while magnetic energy is inversely proportional to field

strength

(4) None of these

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Sol. (a) The magnetic energy is
2 2
1 1  B  1  B  1 2
U = LI2 = L  = (µ0n2 Al)   = B Al
2 2  µ0n  2  µ0n  2µ0

B
(as B = µ0nI ⇒ I = and L = µ0n2Al)
µ0n

(b) The magnetic energy per unit volume is,

UB
Energy density = (where V is volume that contains flux)
V
UB B2
Energy density = =
Al 2µ0

1
Electrostatics energy per unit volume, uE= ε E2
2 0

10. Kamla peddles a stationary bicycle. The pedals of the bicycle are attached to a 100 turn coil of area

0.10 m2. The coil rotates at half a revolution per second and it is placed in a uniform magnetic field

of 0.01 T perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the coil. What is the maximum voltage generated

in the coil?

(1) 0.314 V (2) 3.14 V (3) 0.628 V (4) 6.28 V

2
Sol. Here f = 0.5 Hz; N = 100, A = 0.1 m and B = 0.01 T.

emax = NBAω = NBA (2πf) = 100 × 0.01 × 0.1 × 2 × π × 0.5 = 0.314 V

Exercise

11. Predict the direction of induced current in the situations described by the following Figs. (a) to (f).

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Sol. (a) pqrp (b) prqp, xyzx (c) xyzx (d) zyxz

(e) xryx (f) I = 0

12. Use Lenz’s law to determine the direction of induced current in the situations described by Fig. :

(a) A wire of irregular shape turning into a circular shape;

(b) A circular loop being deformed into a narrow straight wire.

Sol. As area of loop is increasing

⇒ magnetic flux through loop also increases

By lenz's law induced current has a tendency to decrease the magnetic flux ⇒ induced current

will be anticlockwise

(b) A decreasing ⇒ φmag decreasing in upward direction

⇒ to increase upward magnetic flux induced current will be in anticlockwise direction

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13. A long solenoid with 15 turns per cm has a small loop of area 2.0 cm2 placed inside the solenoid

normal to its axis. If the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from 2.0 A to 4.0 A in

0.1 s, what is the induced emf in the loop while the current is changing?

(1) 7.54 × 10–6 V (2) 5.28 × 10–6 V (3) 7.54 × 10–4 V (4) 5.28 × 10–4 V
–4 2
Sol. No of turns/m = n = 15 turns/cm = 1500 turns/m, Area of loop = 2 × 10 m

Magnetic field due to solenoid B = µ0nI

 
Magnetic flux through the loop=
φ B.A
= BA cos=
θ° BA
r1
I2
dφ dB d dI
Emf induced in loop e = =A
dt dt
=A ( µ nI) =A µ0n dt
dt 0 r2

e = 2 × 10–4 × 4π × 10–7 × 1500 ×

( 4 − 2) = 7.5 × 10–6 volt
0.1

14. A rectangular wire loop of sides 8 cm and 2 cm with a small cut is moving out of a region of uniform

magnetic field of magnitude 0.3 T directed normal to the loop. What is the emf developed across

the cut if the velocity of the loop is 1 cm s–1 in a direction normal to the

(a) longer side,

(1) 1.2 × 10–4 V (2) 2.4 × 10–4 V (3) 1.2 × 10–2 V (4) 2.4 × 10–2 V

(b) shorter side of the loop?

(1) 0.6 × 10–4 V (2) 1.2 × 10–4 V (3) 2.4 × 10–4 V (4) 3.6 × 10–4 V

⊗B = 0.3 T
x x x x
x x x x
Sol. (a) b = 2 cm
x x x x
l = 8 cm

1 cm/s

–2 –2 –4
e = Blv ⇒ e = 0.3 × 8 × 10 × 1 × 10 = 2.4 × 10 V

⊗B = 0.3 T
x x x x
(b) x x x x
b = 2 cm 1 cm/s
x x x x
l = 8 cm

–2 –2 –4
e = Blv ⇒ e = 0.3 × 2 × 10 × 1 × 10 = 0.6 × 10 V

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15. A 1.0 m long metallic rod is rotated with an angular frequency of 400 rad s–1 about an axis normal

to the rod passing through its one end. The other end of the rod is in contact with a circular metallic

ring. A constant and uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T parallel to the axis exists everywhere. Calculate

the emf developed between the centre and the ring.

(1) 400 V (2) 300 V (3) 100 V (4) 200 V

1 1
Sol. e
= Bωl 2 = × 0.5 × 400 × (1)2 =100 V
2 2

16. A horizontal straight wire 10 m long extending from east to west is falling with a speed of 5.0 ms–1,

at right angles to the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field, 0.30 × 10–4 Wb m–2.

(a) What is the instantaneous value of the emf induced in the wire?

(1) 3 × 10–3 V (2) 1.5 × 10–3 V (3) 3 × 10–2 V (4) 1.5 × 10–2 V

(b) What is the direction of the emf?

(c) Which end of the wire is at the higher electrical potential?

Sol. Earth's magnetic field (horizontal component) Exist from S to N direction N

⊗ ⊕ Fm
W E W E
–ve +ve
v = 5 m/s
S
–4 –3
(a) emf induced in were e = Blv = 0.3 × 10 × 5 × 10 = 1.5 × 10 V
R
(b) emf induced will be from W to E direction in the rod (rod is equivalent

to a cell). Direction of induced emf will be same as that of induced W E

- +
current.

(c) High potential terminal is in east direction.

17. Current in a circuit falls from 5.0 A to 0.0 A in 0.1 s. If an average emf of 200 V induced, give an

estimate of the self-inductance of the circuit.

(1) 2 H (2) 1 H (3) 3 H (4) 4 H

Sol. for any circuit having self induction 'L', induced emf is given as

dI
e =L
dt

5–0
⇒ 200= L ×
0.1

200 × 0.1
⇒L
= = 4H
5

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18. A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 1.5 H. If the current in one coil changes from

0 to 20 A in 0.5 s, what is the change of flux linkage with the other coil?

(1) 30 Wb (2) 20 Wb (3) 15 Wb (4) 40 Wb

Sol. Due to current change ∆I in one coil the flux change linkage in second coil is given as

∆φ2 = M∆I1

⇒ ∆φ2 = 1.5 × (20 – 0) = 30 Wb

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