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Pre Calculus
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Angles in a Unit Circle
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Angles in a Unit Circle
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education, SDO Cabanatuan City

Schools Division Superintendent: Teresa D. Mababa, CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Enrique E. Angeles, Jr., CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Juanito E. Valdez

Editors: Lady Anne R. Bayan, PhD. Naomi L. Caparas Ismael A. De Lara
Sarah R. Piñgol, PhD. Melody J. Ramos, Cezainne C. Soriano
Reviewer: SDO Cabanatuan City
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Sonny P. De Leon, PhD. – EPS in Mathematics
Ever M. Samson, PhD. – EPS in LRMDS

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Schools Division of Cabanatuan City

Office Address: Maharlika Highway, Cabanatuan City

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for the learners. After going
through this module, the learner is expected to:
1. illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and
angular measures of a central angle in a unit circle (STEM_PC11T-
IIa-1); and
2. convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa
(STEM_PC11T-IIa-2).

What I Know

Direction: Multiple Choices. Analyze each question very carefully.

Write the letter of the correct answer on separate sheet/s of paper.

___1. What angle is being generated if the ray rotates in a clockwise

direction?

A. positive B. negative C. 0 D. quadrantal

___2. What makes up a complete revolution of a ray rotating on a unit

circle?

A. 180 B. 260 C. 𝜋 D. 2𝜋
3𝜋
___3. Which of the following angles in degree measure is equivalent to 4
rad?

A. 135 B. 25 C. 250 D. 80

___4. Which of the following angles in radian measure is equivalent to -250?

13𝜋 25𝜋 14𝜋 37𝜋

A. − B. − C. − D. −
4 18 3 8

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 ___5. What is the measure of the central angle of the unit circle that
intercepts an arc of the circle with length 1 unit?
𝜋
A. 2𝜋 rad B. 𝜋 rad C. rad D. 1 rad
2

Lesson

1 Angles in a Unit Circle

Hipparchus was a Greek astronomer who lived between 190-120

B.C. He is considered the father of trigonometry, a branch of
mathematics which studies the angles of sides of triangles.

What’s In

In our previous lessons, angle is defined as the union of two

noncollinear rays with a common endpoint called vertex.
The different types of angles are the following:

Acute Angle – an angle whose measure is greater than 0 but

less than 90.

Right Angle – an angle whose measure is exactly 90.

Obtuse Angle – an angle whose measure is more than 90 but

less than 180.

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 We also discussed the Rectangular Coordinate System and its features.

In the Cartesian Plane, the axes

divide the plane into four quadrants
numbered counter-clockwise:
QI, QII, QIII, and QIV

We can actually plot a linear angle in the Cartesian Plane with the
origin as the vertex and the initial side lying on the positive x-axis.

What’s New

DID YOU KNOW?

Angles are being used in several fields like engineering, medical
imaging, electronics, astronomy, geography and many more. Added to that,
surveyors, pilots, landscapers, designers, soldiers, and people in many other
professions heavily use angles and trigonometry to accomplish a variety of
practical tasks.

What is It
Angle Measure
An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint. In the figure
shown below, the initial side of AOB is ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴, while its terminal side is ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵. An
angle is said to be positive if the ray rotates in a counterclockwise direction,
and the angle is negative if it rotates in a clockwise direction.

B . O
initial side
.
terminal side positive angle
𝜃 A
O
𝜃
.
A
terminal side negative angle
initial side
B
.

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Angles in Standard Position

An angle is in standard position if it is drawn in the xy-plane with its

vertex at the origin and its initial side on the positive x-axis. The
angles 𝛼, 𝛽, and 𝜃 in the following figure are angles in standard position.
y

𝛼
𝜃

𝛽 x

To measure angles, we use degrees, minutes, seconds, and radians.

A central angle is an angle formed by two rays whose vertex is the

center of the circle.

A central angle of a circle measures 1 degree, written 1, if it

1 1
intercepts of the circumference of the circle. One minute, written 1′ is
360 60
1
of 1, while one second, written 1′′, is of 1′.
60

Examples below shows how the angle measure in degrees, minutes

and seconds can be expressed in degree units and vice versa.

For example in degrees, minutes, and seconds,

′ ′′
20 ′
10°30 20 = 10° (30 + )
60
= 10°30.33′
30.33 o
= (10 + )
60

= 10.51°

and
79.32° = 79°(0.32 × 60)′
= 79°19.2′
= 79°19′(0.2 × 60)′′
= 79°19′ 12′′

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 Recall that the unit circle is a circle with center at the origin and with
radius of 1 unit.
A central angle of the unit circle that intercepts an arc of the circle
with length 1 unit is said to have a measure of one radian, written 1 rad.
See Figure 3.1.

1 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 ≈ 57.3°
𝜃 x

Figure 3.1

Since the unit circle has a radius of 1 unit, then the circumference of
a unit circle is
𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝐶 = 2𝜋 (1)
𝐶 = 2𝜋
It means that 1 complete rotation of a ray is equivalent to 2𝜋 radian.
Remember that a circle has 360° regardless of its size.
Therefore, 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 360°.
From here, we can further conclude that
1 2𝜋
rotation is 180° = = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
2 2
1 2𝜋 𝜋
rotation is 90° = = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
4 4 2

and
1 2𝜋 𝜋
rotation is 1° = = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
360 360 180

180 180
Then, 1 radian is = ≈ 57.3
𝜋 3.14

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 In trigonometry, the degree measure is often used. On the other hand,
in some fields of mathematics like calculus, radian measure of angles is
preferred. Radian measure allows us to treat the trigonometric functions as
functions with the set of real numbers as domains, rather than angles.

Angle Units

1. Degree (  )
2. Radian ( rad )
*If the unit is not written, it is understood that the angle is in radian measure
.measure.

Converting Degree to Radian, and vice versa

𝜋
1. To convert a degree measure to radian, multiply it by 180
.
180
2. To convert a radian measure to degree, multiply it by 𝜋
.

Example 1. Convert the following into radian measure:

a. 240
b. -150

Solution:

a. b. .

Example 2. Convert the following into degree measure:

3𝜋
a. 4
−13𝜋
b. 6

Solution:

a.  b. 

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 1. Fill in the blank. Complete the statement by supplying the

correct term in each item.

1. A unit circle is a circle whose radius is _________ unit and center at the
origin.

2. An angle is formed by rotating a ____________ about its endpoint.

3. An angle is in standard position if its vertex is at the origin and its initial
side lies on the ______________________.

4. One complete rotation of a ray around a unit circle is equal to _________.

5. In a degree measure of an angle, 1 minute ( ’ ) is equal to _______ seconds.

ACTIVITY 2.

A. Express the following angles into radian measure. Use separate

sheet/s of paper.

1. 120

2. 330

3. 210

4. 300

5. 570

B. Express the following angles into degree measure. Use separate

sheet/s of paper.

11𝜋
6.
3

21𝜋
7. 4

−15𝜋
8.
2

7
 23𝜋
9. 6

10. −3𝜋

ACTIVITY 3.

A. Express the following angle measures into degree-minute-second. Use

separate sheet/s of paper.

1. 42.36
2. 18.28
3. 100.10
4. -151.40
5. -73.95

B. Express the following angle measures into degree unit. Use separate
sheet/s of paper.

6. 29 16’ 15”

7. 84 23’ 26”
8. 105 32’ 9”
9. -37 52’ 11”
10. -267 8’ 59”

What I Have Learned

Complete the statements by supplying the correct term. Copy the
statements on separate sheet/s of paper.

An _______ is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint. An angle is

said to be _________ if the ray rotates in a counterclockwise direction, and
the angle is _________ if it rotates in a clockwise direction. An angle is in
_______________ if it is drawn in the xy-plane with its vertex at the origin and
its initial side on the positive x-axis. The two angle units are: __________
and ___________. If the unit is not written, it is understood that the angle is
in ________ measure. To convert a degree measure to radian, multiply it by
_______. To convert a radian measure to degree, multiply it by _________.

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 Angle in degree measure Angle in radian measure
300
450
𝜋/3
900
1800 𝜋
3𝜋/2
3600

What I Can Do

Let’s say you order a slice of pizza from Greenwich. Its central angle is
45°. The distance from the vertex of the pizza to the edge of its crust is
18cm. Find the approximate length of the crust (arc) of the pizza.
Show your solution and round off your answer to the nearest tenths.
Use a separate sheet of paper. Hint: Use 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃. 𝑠 is the arc length, 𝑟 the
radius, and 𝜃 is the measure of the central angle, express in radian.

Assessment

Direction: Analyze each question very carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer on separate sheet/s of paper.

1. When a ray on a unit circle rotates in a counterclockwise direction, the

angle generated is __________.
A. positive C. 0
B. negative D. quadrantal

2. Which of the following is 39.16 expressed in degree-minute-second unit?

A. 39 8’ 12” C. 39 9’ 36”
B. 39 22’ 10” D. 39 12’ 6”

3. What is the equivalent radian measure of 80°?

4𝜋 2𝜋 6𝜋 5𝜋
A. B. 3 C. 7 D.
9 12

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 19𝜋
4. What is the equivalent degree measure of − ?
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A. −595° B. −684° C. −702° D. −745°

5. Which of the following illustrate/s an angle in standard position?

I. the vertex is at the origin
II. the rotation is counterclockwise
III. the initial side lies along the positive x-axis

A. I and III C. I and II

B. II and III D. I, II, and III

Additional Activities

Draw Me! Draw the following angles in standard position. Use separate sheet/s of
paper.

1. 270°

𝜋
2. −
4

3. 135°

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What's More Assessment
Activity 3 1. A
2. C
1. 42°21′ 36′′ 3. A
2. 18°16′ 48′′ 4. B
3. 100°6′ 0′′ 5. A
4. −151°24′ 0′′
5. −73°57′ 0′′
6. 29.27°
7. 84.39°
8. 105.54
9. −37.87°
10. −267.15°
What I Know What's More What's More
1. B Activity 1 Activity 2
2. D
3. A 2𝜋
1. 1 1. radians
4. B 3
5. D 2. ray 11𝜋
2. − radians
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3. positive x-axis
7𝜋
3. radians
4. 360 or 2𝜋 6
5𝜋
5. 60 4. − 3
radians
19𝜋
5. 6
radians
6. 660
7. 945
8. -1345
9. 690
10. -540
Answer Key
References
Book: Ascano, Joy P. et.al, Precalculus Learner’s Material. 2016, Quezon
City. Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc.

Examples:
Website: Bergman, Jennifer.Hipparchus.2001.
https://www.windows2universe.org

Hipparchus Research Papers.

https://www.google.com/search?q=hipparchus+pic&safe

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