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 John J. Ahn
Exile as Forced Migrations
Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die
alttestamentliche Wissenschaft

Herausgegeben von
John Barton · Reinhard G. Kratz
Choon-Leong Seow · Markus Witte

Band 417

De Gruyter
 John J. Ahn

Exile as Forced Migrations

A Sociological, Literary, and Theological Approach
on the Displacement and Resettlement
of the Southern Kingdom of Judah

De Gruyter
 ISBN 978-3-11-024095-5
e-ISBN 978-3-11-024096-2
ISSN 0934-2575

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Ahn, John J.
Exile as forced migrations : a sociological, literary, and theological
approach on the displacement and resettlement of the Southern Kingdom
of Judah / John J. Ahn.
p. cm. - (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissen-
schaft, ISSN 0934-2575 ; Bd. 417)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-3-11-024095-5 (23 ⫻ 15,5 : alk. paper)
1. Bible. O.T. - History of Biblical events. 2. Bible. O.T. - History
of contemporary events. 3. Bible. O.T. - Criticism, interpretation, etc.
4. Jews - History - Babylonian captivity, 598-515 B.C. 5. Jews -
History - To 70 A.D. 6. Jewish diaspora - Historiography. 7. Forced
migration - Social aspects. 8. Emigration and immigration - Social
aspects. I. Title.
BS1197.A46 2010
221.8193303-dc22
2010021260

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche
Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet
at http://dnb.d-nb.de.

” 2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York

Printing: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen
⬁ Printed on acid-free paper
Printed in Germany
www.degruyter.com
 Œ”—˜ •Ž–Ž—œ

‘’œȱ–˜—˜›Š™‘ȱ’œȱŠȱ‘˜›˜ž‘ȱ›ŽŸ’œ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ–¢ȱ˜Œ˜›Š•ȱ’œœŽ›Š’˜—ȱ
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Ž˜—ȱŽ˜ ǰȱŽ’—‘Š›ȱ ǯȱ ›ŠĵǰȱŠ—ȱŠ›”žœȱ’ĴŽȱ˜›ȱŠŒŒŽ™’—ȱ‘’œȱ
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—Ž›ǰȱŠ‹’—Žȱ ›§–Ž›ǰȱŠ—ȱŠ‹’—ŠȱŠ‹›˜ œ”’ǯ
ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜žœŽǰȱ ȱ ‘Š—”ȱ –¢ȱ ꛜȱ  ˜ȱ ŽŠŒ‘Ž›œȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜›–Š•ȱ œž¢ȱ
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Ÿ’ȱ Œ”—˜ •Ž–Ž—œ

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ȱ Š•–˜œȱ Ž—ȱ ˜ȱ Š¢œ’Žȱ ’‘ǰȱ ‹žȱ ’—œŽŠǰȱ ˜™Žȱ ˜ȱ ŠĴŽ—ȱ ›Š—Ȭ
Œ’œȱŽ ’œȱ˜ȱ™•Š¢ȱŸŠ›œ’¢ȱŸ˜••Ž¢‹Š••ǯȱ ȱ›˜Žȱ–¢ȱ‹’”Žǰȱ‘Ž—ȱ‘Žȱ‹žœȱȮȱ
ŘŞȱŠ—ȱŗřȱȮȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ—žŠ••¢ȱ›˜ŸŽȱž™ȱŠ—ȱ˜ —ȱ˜›‘Ž›—ǯȱ ȱ˜Ž—ȱ
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œ”Š’—ǯȱŽ¢˜—ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŠ—ȱ˜‘Ž›ȱœ‘Š›Žȱ–˜–Ž—œǰȱ›˜Žœœ˜›ȱ‘’•œȂȱ
™›˜˜ž—ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ Š—ȱ ‘’œȱ ŒŽŠœŽ•Žœœȱ –Ž—˜›’—ȱ Ȯȱ ŽŸŽ›¢ȱ ˜‘Ž›ȱ
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Ȯȱ ’••ȱŠ• Š¢œȱ‹Žȱ›ŽŠœž›Žǯ
—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱŗşşşǰȱž›’—ȱŠȱœ’–™•Žȱ‘Š•• Š¢ȱ™Šœœ’—ȱ–˜–Ž—ǰȱ›˜Ȭ
Žœœ˜›ȱ‘’•œȱœ˜™™ŽȱŠ—ȱ˜˜”ȱ‘Žȱ’–Žȱ˜ȱœŠ¢ȱœ˜–Ž‘’—ȱ’–™˜›Š—ǯȱ
ŽȱœŠ’ǰȱȃ ˜‘—ǰȱ¢˜žȱ—ŽŽȱ˜ȱ•ŽŠ›—ȱ˜ȱ ˜›”ȱ ’‘ȱ˜‹ǯȱ‘’œȱ’œȱ—˜ ȱ‘’œȱ
™›˜›Š–ǯȄȱ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ™Šœœ’—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜›Œ‘ǰȱ ȱŠ–ȱ›ŠŽž•ȱ‘Šȱ›˜ŽœȬ
œ˜›ȱ ’•œ˜—ȱ ˜˜”ȱ –Žȱ ž—Ž›ȱ ‘’œȱ ’—œȱ Š—ȱ ž’Žȱ –Žȱ ‘›˜ž‘ȱ ‘Žȱ
Ž—’›Žȱ™›˜ŒŽœœȱȮȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ‘Žȱꛜȱœ’Š—Ȧ ˜›ŽŠ—Ȭ–Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱ˜ȱ›ŽŒŽ’ŸŽȱ‘Žȱ
˜Œ˜›ŠŽȱ ’—ȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—Ȧ Ž‹›Ž ȱ ’‹•Žȱ ›˜–ȱ Š•Žȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ’—ȱ
ŽŒŽ–‹Ž›ȱ˜ȱŘŖŖŜǯ
—ȱŠȱŠž›Š¢ȱ–˜›—’—ȱ’—ȱ•ŠŽȱŽ™Ž–‹Ž›ȱ˜ȱŘŖŖŜǰȱŽ—ŸŽ•˜™Žȱ‹¢ȱ
Ž ȱ—•Š—Ȃœȱ™’Œž›ŽœšžŽȱŠ••ȱœŽ–ŽœŽ›ǰȱ›ǯȱ’•œ˜—ȱŠ—ȱ ȱ–Žȱ˜—ȱ
‘Žȱ’Ÿ’—’¢ȱŒ‘˜˜•ȱŒŠ–™žœȱŠœȱ ȱ̎ ȱ’—ȱ›˜–ȱžœ’—ǰȱǯȱŽȱ Š•”Žȱ
˜ȱ ‘’œȱ ǻ‘Ž—Ǽȱ œœ˜Œ’ŠŽȱ ŽŠ—Ȃœȱ ˜ĜŒŽǰȱ ™Šœȱ ‘Žȱ ‹˜˜”œ˜›Žǰȱ ‘Žȱ –Š’—ȱ
Œ•Šœœ›˜˜–œȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ–’—’œ›Š’ŸŽȱŠœœ’œŠ—œȂȱŠ›ŽŠǯȱŽȱŽ—Ž›Žȱ‘Žȱ
ŠŒŠŽ–’Œȱ ŽŠ—Ȃœȱ œ™ŠŒŽǯȱ Žȱ ˜™Ž—Žȱ ‘’œȱ ˜˜›ǰȱ ž›—Žȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ •’‘œǰȱ
Š“žœŽȱ‘Žȱ‘Ž›–˜œŠǰȱŠ—ȱŠœ”Žȱ–Žȱ˜ȱœ’ȱ˜ —ȱŠ—ȱ–Š”Žȱ–¢œŽ•ȱ
Œ˜–˜›Š‹•Žǯȱ Žȱ‘Ž—ȱœŠȱŠŒ›˜œœȱ›˜–ȱ–ŽȱŠ—ȱ™›˜ŒŽŽŽȱ˜ȱŒ˜––Ž—ȱ
Š—ȱ–Š”ŽȱœžŽœ’˜—œȱ˜—ȱ•Žœœȱ‘Š—ȱ™’Œž›ŽœšžŽȱŒ‘Š™Ž›œǯ
ȱ Œ”—˜ •Ž–Ž—œȱ Ÿ’’

—ȱ‘’œȱ‘Š—”œ’Ÿ’—ȱŠ¢ȱ’—ȱŘŖŖşǰȱ ȱŽ¡™›Žœœȱ–¢ȱŽŽ™Žœȱ‘Š—”œȱ
Š—ȱ •˜ŸŽȱ ˜ȱ –¢ȱ ‹Ž•˜ŸŽȱ ’Žȱ —’Žǰȱ ˜›ȱ ‘Ž›ȱ ž— ŠŸŽ›’—ȱ Š’‘ȱ Š—ȱ
’—Œ›Ž’‹•Žȱ œž™™˜›ȱ ‘›˜ž‘˜žȱ ˜ž›ȱ Ž ȱ Ž›œŽ¢ȱ Š—ȱ ˜——ŽŒ’Œžȱ
¢ŽŠ›œȱȮȱ Ž•ŸŽȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ’—ȱŠ••ǯȱ Ž›ȱ ˜›œȱ˜ȱŽ—Œ˜ž›ŠŽ–Ž—ǰȱ‘Ž›ȱ™›Š¢Ž›œǰȱ
Š—ȱ‘Ž›ȱ‹ŽŠž’ž•ȱœ–’•Žȱ”Ž™ȱ–Žȱ˜’—ǯȱž›’—ȱ‘˜œŽȱ¢ŽŠ›œǰȱ Žȱ Ž›Žȱ
‹•ŽœœŽȱ ’‘ȱ‘›ŽŽȱ‹ŽŠž’ž•ȱŒ‘’•›Ž—ȱȮȱ œŠ’Š‘ǰȱ•Ž¡Š—Ž›ǰȱŠ—ȱŠ›˜Ȭ
•’—Žǯȱ —ŽŽǰȱ‘ŽȱŠ™™•Žȱ˜ȱ˜ž›ȱŽ¢Žœǯ
ȱŠ•œ˜ȱ‘Š—”ȱ–¢ȱŠ‘Ž›ǰȱ‘ŽȱŽŸǯȱ›ǯȱ˜˜ȱ ǯȱ‘—ȱǻ‘ǯȹǯȱŗşŞŜǰȱŽ ȱ
˜›”ȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ǼȱŠ—ȱ–¢ȱ–˜‘Ž›ȱ˜˜—ȱ ŽŽȱ‘—ǰȱŠȱ–’•ŽȱœŒ‘˜˜•ȱŠ—ȱ
—ž›œŽ›¢ȱœŒ‘˜˜•ȱŽŠŒ‘Ž›ȱǻ˜ȱ˜›¢Ȭ꟎ȱ¢ŽŠ›œǼȱ˜›ȱ’–™Š›’—ȱ‘’œȱ™Šœœ’˜—ȱ
˜›ȱ •ŽŠ›—’—ǯȱ —ȱ –¢ȱ œ’œŽ›ȱ ž—’ŒŽǰȱ Š—ȱ Ž•Ž–Ž—Š›¢ȱ œŒ‘˜˜•ȱ ŽŠŒ‘Ž›ȱ
‘˜ȱ Ž—ȱ‹ŠŒ”ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›˜—¡ȱȮȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱꛜȱ™ž‹•’ŒȱŽ•Ž–Ž—Š›¢ȱœŒ‘˜˜•Ȧ
œ¢œŽ–ȱ‘Šȱ™›˜žŒŽȱžœȱȮȱ˜›ȱ‘Ž›ȱ™›Š¢Ž›œǯ
—ȱŒ•˜œ’—ǰȱ‘’œȱ ˜›”ȱ‘Šœȱ›’Œ‘•¢ȱ‹Ž—ŽęŽȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŒŠ›Žž•ȱŽ¢Žȱ˜ȱ
–¢ȱŒ˜™¢Ž’˜›ȱœǯȱŠ›Š›ŽȱŠ•‹˜ǯȱ ȱ‘Š—”ȱ——Šȱ˜ Ž—ȱŠ—ȱž’Žȱ
’ŽœŽ—ȱ˜›ȱ™›Ž™Š›’—ȱ‘Žȱœž‹“ŽŒȱ’—Ž¡ǯȱ‘’œȱ–˜—˜›Š™‘ȱ ˜ž•ȱ—˜ȱ
‘ŠŸŽȱŠ››’ŸŽȱ’—ȱ’œȱꗊ•ȱ˜›–ȱ’ȱ’ȱ Šœȱ—˜ȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱž’Š—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ–¢ȱ˜”Ȭ
˜›ŸŠŽ›ǰȱ˜‹Ž›ȱǯȱ’•œ˜—ǰȱ‘Žȱ ˜˜‹Ž›ȱ›˜Žœœ˜›ȱ˜ȱŽ•’’˜žœȱž’Žœȱ
Š—ȱ›˜Žœœ˜›ȱ˜ȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ǰȱ˜ȱ ‘˜–ȱ ȱŽ’ŒŠŽȱ‘’œȱ ˜›”ǰȱŠ—ȱ
Š•œ˜ǰȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ–Ž–˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ›ŽŸŠ›ȱ™›’—œȱ‘’•œǰȱ‘ŽȱŽ›•’—ȱ›˜Žœœ˜›ȱ
˜ȱ’Ÿ’—’¢ǰȱ–Ž›’žœȱǻŗşŘřȬŘŖŖŝǼǯ

‘Š—”œ’Ÿ’—ȱŠ¢ȱ
˜ŸŽ–‹Ž›ȱŘŖŖşȱ
žœ’—ȱȮȱ˜ž—ȱ˜Œ”ǰȱŽ¡Šœ
 ˜›

˜‹Ž›ȱǯȱ’•œ˜—
˜˜‹Ž›ȱ›˜Žœœ˜›ȱ˜ȱŽ•’’˜žœȱž’Žœ
Š—ȱ›˜Žœœ˜›ȱ˜ȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ǰȱŠ•Žȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢

—ȱŠ•œ˜ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ–Ž–˜›¢ȱ˜

›ŽŸŠ›ȱ™›’—œȱ‘’•œȱǻŗşŘřȬŘŖŖŝǼ
‘ŽȱŽ›•’—ȱ›˜Žœœ˜›ȱ˜ȱ’Ÿ’—’¢ǰȱ–Ž›’žœǰȱŠ•Žȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢
 Table of Content

Acknowledgments ............................................................................. v
Abbreviations ..................................................................................... xv

Chapter 1 Introduction - Texts, Scholarship, Problems,

Approaches .................................................................... 1
Review of Biblical Texts ................................................................ 1
Review of Scholarship .................................................................. 8
Additional Problems in Contemporary Exilic Scholarship . . 27
The Definition of G o la h ............................................................ 34
Methodological A pproaches........................................................ 35

Chapter 2 Forced Migrations - Migrations and Economics . . 40

Types of Forced M ig ration s.......................................................... 40
Derivative Forced Migrations (DFM), Responsive Forced
Migration (RFM), Purposive Forced Migration (PFM)
Types of Displacements and Resettlements.............................. 43
Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement
(DIDR), Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), Refugees
Studies (RS)
Migration and Economic D evelopm ent.................................... 47
(Im)Migration and Economics Policies by C o u n try ............... 47
United States ............................................................................... 47
A u stralia........................................................................................ 50
The Netherlands ......................................................................... 53
France ............................................................................................ 55
N orw ay.......................................................................................... 56
G erm any........................................................................................ 58
The World Bank's Involuntary Resettlement P ro je c ts ........... 62

Chapter 3 The First Generation - Psalm 137:

Complex Communal Lam ents.................................... 67
First Generation in Resettlem ent................................................. 67
xii Table of Content

The First Generation in Ps 1 3 7 ..................................................... 73

Szfc im Leben, Gattung, Structure ............................................. 76
Extrinstic and Intrinsic Approaches...................................... 80
Text
Ps 137:1-4........................................................................................ 83
Ps 137:5-6........................................................................................ 91
Ps 137:7-9........................................................................................ 93
Sociological Issues and Contexts in the First Generation . . . 98
A Theology of Lament .................................................................. 101

Chapter 4 The 1.5 Generation - Jeremiah 29: Golah Hope . . . 107

The 1.5 Generation: Generational Consciousness ................. 107
Jeremiah and Social Concerns in Babylon................................ 112
S e ttin g ............................................................................................ 117
Epistolography............................................................................. 119
Hebrew Letters in C om parison........................................... 123
Ugaritic Letters ...................................................................... 129
Placement of the Text of Jer 2 9 ..................................................... 132
Structure of Jer 29 ........................................................................... 133
Text
Jer 29:1-3 ........................................................................................ 134
Jer 2 9 :4 ............................................................................................ 138
Jer 29:5-7 ........................................................................................ 138
Jer 29:8-9 ........................................................................................ 141
Jer 29:10-11 ................................................................................... 143
Jer 29:12-14..................................................................................... 144
Jer 2 9 :1 5 .......................................................................................... 147
Jer 29:16-20 ................................................................................... 147
Jer 29:21-22 ................................................................................... 149
Jer 29:23 .......................................................................................... 151
Jer 29:24-25a ................................................................................. 151
Jer29:25b-28 ................................................................................. 152
Jer 29:29-30 ................................................................................... 153
Jer 29:31-32 ................................................................................... 153
Sociological Issues in the 1.5 G eneration.................................. 154
A Theology of Golah Hope .......................................................... 156

Chapter 5 The Second Generation - Isaiah 43: New Creation 159

Issues in Second Generation Studies ......................................... 160
Three Paths to Assimilation ................................................... 167
 Table of Content xiii

Contemporary Isaianic Scholarship........................................... 169

Further Distinctions in Second Is a ia h .................................. 174
Isaianic Scholarship at L arg e........................................................ 177
The Theological Overshadows the H istorical..................... 187
Form, Structure, and Function of Isa 43 .................................. 189
Text
Isa 43:1-7 ........................................................................................ 191
Isa 43:8-13 ..................................................................................... 205
Isa 43:14-15 ................................................................................... 209
Isa 43:16-21 ................................................................................... 210
Isa 43:22-28 ................................................................................... 212
Sociological Concerns of the Second G eneration................... 216
A Theology of New C reation........................................................ 218

Chapter 6 The Third Generation—Numbers 32: H o m e ........... 223

Third Generation Stu d ies.............................................................. 223
Definition of Home in Tension ................................................... 227
Structure and Placement of Num 32 ......................................... 230
Form and S o u rc e ............................................................................. 239
S e ttin g ................................................................................................ 240
Central Theme in Num 32 ............................................................ 241
Text
Num 32:1-5 ................................................................................... 242
Num 32:6-15 ................................................................................. 246
Num 32:16-27 ............................................................................... 248
Num 32:28-32 ............................................................................... 250
Num 32:33-38 ............................................................................... 251
Num 32:39-42 ............................................................................... 252
Socio-Anthropological Understanding of H o m e ................... 253
A Theology of Home .................................................................... 255

Chapter 7 C on clu sion ...................................................................... 259

Overview/Review of the P ro je c t................................................. 259
Contributions, Changes in Scholarship, Future H o p e s......... 262

Bibliography.......................................................................................... 266
Index of Biblical and Other References ......................................... 294
Subject Index ........................................................................................ 302
 ‹‹›ŽŸ’Š’˜—œ

ȱ —Œ‘˜›ȱ’‹•Ž
ȱ —Œ‘˜›ȱ’‹•Žȱ’Œ’˜—Š›¢ǯȱ’Žȱ‹¢ȱǯȹǯȱ›ŽŽ–Š—ǯȱŜȱŸ˜•œǯȱ
Ž ȱ˜›”ǰȱŗşşŘǯ
 ȱ ›‹Ž’Ž—ȱ£ž›ȱ’‹Ž•ȱž—ȱ’‘›Ž›ȱ ŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Ž
ȱ ›Œ‘’Ÿȱû›ȱ›’Ž—˜›œŒ‘ž—DZȱŽ’‘Ž
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ȱ –Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱ˜Œ’˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱŽŸ’Ž
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’‹ȱ ’‹•’ŒŠȱŽȱ˜›’Ž—Š•’Š
 ȱ ›˜ —ȱ žŠ’Œȱž’Žœ
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˜›‘ȱŠ—ȱ ǯȹǯȱ˜•ě
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ȱ ’‹•Žȱ›Š—œ•Š˜›
ȱ ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱž••Ž’—
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–Ž—
ȱ ’‹•’œŒ‘ŽȱŽ’œŒ‘›’
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œŒ‘Š
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Ÿ˜•œǯȱŽ ȱ˜›”ǰȱŗşşś
ȱ Š‘˜•’Œȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱžŠ›Ž›•¢
 ȱ Š•Ÿ’—ȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜ž›—Š•
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Ž›ȱŽ—ȱ ’›Œ‘Ž
 ȱ ’œŒ˜ŸŽ›’Žœȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—ȱŽœŽ›
ȱ ˜Œž–Ž—ŠȱŽȱ–˜—ž–Ž—Šȱ›’Ž—’œȱŠ—’šž’
¡Ÿ’ȱ ‹‹›ŽŸ’Š’˜—œ

 ȱ ž›˜™ŽŠ—ȱŽ–’—Š›ȱ’—ȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱŽ‘˜˜•˜¢
Ÿ‘ȱ ŸŠ—Ž•’œŒ‘Žȱ‘Ž˜•˜’Ž
ȱ ˜›œŒ‘ž—Ž—ȱ£ž–ȱ•Ž—ȱŽœŠ–Ž—
ȱ ˜›ŒŽȱ’›Š’˜—ȱŽŸ’Ž
ȱ ˜›–œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ’Ž›Šž›Ž
ȱ ˜›œŒ‘ž—Ž—ȱ £ž›ȱ Ž•’’˜—ȱ ž—ȱ ’Ž›Šž›ȱ Žœȱ •Ž—ȱ ž—ȱ
ŽžŽ—ȱŽœŠ–Ž—œ
ȱ ž’Žœȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱž’Žœ
ȱǻ Ǽȱ Žœ—’žœȂȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱ ›Š––Š›ǯȱ’Žȱ‹¢ȱǯȱ ŠžĵœŒ‘ǯȱ›Š—œȬ
•ŠŽȱ‹¢ȱǯȹǯȱ˜ •Ž¢ǯȱؗȱŽǯȱ¡˜›DZȱ•Š›Ž—˜—ǰȱŗşŗŖǯ
ȱ ǯȱ ˜Ž‘•Ž›ǰȱǯȱŠž–Š›—Ž›ǰȱŠ—ȱ ǯȹ ǯȱŠ––ǯȱ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱŠ—ȱ
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›’••ǰȱŗşşŚȬŗşşşȱǽƽȱř›ȱ Ž›–ȱŽȱ Ǿ
ȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱ——žŠ•ȱŽŸ’Ž
ȱ Š—‹žŒ‘ȱ£ž–ȱ•Ž—ȱŽœŠ–Ž—
ȱ ˜›’£˜—œȱ’—ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ‘Ž˜•˜¢
ȱ Š—”˜––Ž—Š›ȱ£ž–ȱ•Ž—ȱŽœŠ–Ž—
ȱ Š›ŸŠ›ȱŽ–’’Œȱ˜—˜›Š™‘œ
ȱ Š›ŸŠ›ȱŽ–’’Œȱž’Žœ
ȱ Š›ŸŠ›ȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱŽŸ’Ž
ȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱ—’˜—ȱ˜••ŽŽȱ——žŠ•
ȱ —Ž›™›ŽŠ’˜—DZȱ ȱ ’‹•Žȱ ˜––Ž—Š›¢ȱ ˜›ȱ ŽŠŒ‘’—ȱ Š—ȱ
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—ȱ —Ž›™›ŽŠ’˜—
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ȱ —Ž›—Š’˜—Š•ȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ˜––Ž—Š›¢
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ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ’Ž›Šž›Ž
ȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱžŠ›Ž›•¢
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ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱž’Žœ
ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱŽŠ›ȱŠœŽ›—ȱž’Žœ
ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱ˜›‘ ŽœȱŽ–’’ŒȱŠ—žŠŽœ
ȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱžŠ›Ž›•¢ȱŽŸ’Ž
ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱŽ•’’˜—
ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱŽžŽŽȱ¢œŽ–œ
ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱž¢ȱ˜ȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—
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ȱ ‹‹›ŽŸ’Š’˜—œȱ ¡Ÿ’’

ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱŽ–’’Œȱž’Žœ
ȱ ˜ž›—Š•ȱ˜ȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱž’Žœ
ȱ ˜––Ž—Š›ȱ£ž–ȱ•Ž—ȱŽœŠ–Ž—
ȱ ˜Ž‘•Ž›ǯȱ ǯǰȱ Š—ȱ ǯȱ Šž–Š›—Ž›ǰȱ Ž¡’Œ˜—ȱ ’—ȱ ŽŽ›’œȱ ŽœŠȬ
–Ž—ȱ•’‹›˜œǯȱؗȱŽǯȱŽ’Ž—ǰȱŗşśŞ
ȱ ž›£Ž›ȱ Š—Ȭ ˜––Ž—Š›ȱ£ž–ȱ•Ž—ȱŽœŠ–Ž—
ȱ ’Žȱ ”Ž’•Š•™‘‹Ž’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ Ž¡Žȱ Šžœȱ žŠ›’ǯȱ ’Žȱ ‹¢ȱ ǯȱ ’Ž›’Œ‘ǰȱ
ǯȱ˜›ŽĵǰȱŠ—ȱ ǯȱŠ—–Š›Ç—ǯȱȱŘŚȦŗǯȱŽž”’›Œ‘Ž—Ȭ•ž¢—ǰȱ
ŗşŝŜǯȱؗȱŽ—•Š›ŽȱŽǯȱ˜ȱ DZȱ‘Žȱž—Ž’˜›–ȱ•™‘Š‹Ž’ŒȱŽ¡œȱ
›˜–ȱŠ›’ǰȱŠœȱ ‹—ȱ Š—’ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž›ȱ•ŠŒŽœǯȱ’Žȱ‹¢ȱǯȱ’ŽȬ
›’Œ‘ǰȱǯȱ˜›ŽĵǰȱŠ—ȱ ǯȱŠ—–Š›Ç—ǯȱû—œŽ›ǰȱŗşşśȱǻƽȱǼ
 ȱ ’‹›Š›¢ȱ˜ȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱ’‹•ŽȦ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱž’Žœ
ȱ Ž••Ž—ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ›ŽœœȱŽ›’Žœ
ȱ Ž ȱ–Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱ’‹•Žȱ˜––Ž—Š›¢
ȱ Ž ȱŽ—ž›¢ȱ’‹•Žȱ˜––Ž—Š›¢
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ȱ ›’Ž—Š•’ŠȱŽȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠȱ•˜ŸŠ—’Ž—œ’Š
ȱ ›‹’œȱ‹’‹•’ŒžœȱŽȱ˜›’Ž—Š•’œ
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ȱ ›’Ž—Š•’Šȱ•˜ŸŠ—’Ž—œ’ŠȱŠ—Š•ŽŒŠ
ȱ ›’Ž—Š•’Šȱ•˜ŸŽ—’Ž—œ’Šȱ™Ž›’˜’ŒŠ
›ȱ ›’Ž—Š•’Š
›—ȱ ›’Ž—œȱŠ—’šžžœ
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ȱ žŽœŠ–Ž—’œŒ‘Žȱž’º—
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ȱ Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽœȱ’—ȱŽ•’’˜žœȱž’Žœ
ȱ ŽŸžŽȱȂŠœœ¢›’˜•˜’ŽȱŽȱȂŠ›Œ‘·˜•˜’Žȱ˜›’Ž—Š•Ž
ȱ ŽŸžŽȱ‹’‹•’šžŽ
ȱ ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ’Ž›Šž›Žȱ’œœŽ›Š’˜—ȱŽ›’Žœ
ȱ ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ’Ž›Šž›Žȱ˜—˜›Š™‘ȱŽ›’Žœ
ȱ ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ’Ž›Šž›ŽȱŽ–’—Š›ȱŠ™Ž›œ
ȱ ž’Žœȱ’—ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ‘Ž˜•˜¢
‘ȱ ž’Šȱ’‹•’ŒŠȱŽȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ
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ȱ ¢–‹˜•ŠŽȱ˜œ•˜Ž—œŽœ
ȱ ž™™•Ž–Ž—œȱ˜ȱŽžœȱŽœŠ–Ž—ž–
ȱ ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ ’Œ’˜—Š›¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ǯȱ ’Žȱ ‹¢ȱ ǯȹ ǯȱ
˜ĴŽ› ŽŒ”ȱ Š—ȱ ǯȱ ’—›Ž—ǯȱ ›Š—œ•ŠŽȱ ‹¢ǯȱ ǯȹǯȱ ’••’œǰȱ
ǯȹǯȱ ›˜–’•Ž¢ǰȱ Š—ȱ ǯȹǯȱ ›ŽŽ—ǯȱ Şȱ Ÿ˜•œǯȱ ›Š—ȱ Š™’œǰȱ
ŗşŝŚȬ
‘ȱ ‘Ž˜•˜’œŒ‘Žœȱ 㛝Ž›‹žŒ‘ȱ £ž–ȱ •Ž—ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ǯȱ ’Žȱ ‹¢ȱ
ǯȹ ǯȱ˜ĴŽ› ŽŒ”ȱŠ—ȱ ǯȱ’—›Ž—ǯȱžĴŠ›ǰȱŗşŝŖȬ
ȱ Š›’Ȭ˜›œŒ‘ž—Ž—
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ȱ ŽžœȱŽœŠ–Ž—ž–
ž™ȱ ŽžœȱŽœŠ–Ž—ž–ȱž™™•Ž–Ž—œ
ȱ Žœ–’—œŽ›ȱ˜––Ž—Š›’Žœ
ȱ ˜›ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ˜––Ž—Š›¢
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ȱ ˜›ȱŠ—ȱ˜›•
ȱ Ž’œŒ‘›’ȱû›ȱœœ¢›’˜•˜’Ž
ȱ Ž’œŒ‘›’ȱû›ȱ’ŽȱŠ•ĴŽœŠ–Ž—•’Œ‘Žȱ’œœŽ—œŒ‘Š
 œž™™•ȱ Ž’œŒ‘›’ȱ Ž›ȱ ŽžœŒ‘Ž—ȱ –˜›Ž—•§—’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ ŽœŽ••œŒ‘Šȱ
ž™™•Ž–Ž—‹§—Ž

‘Ž›ȱ‹‹›ŽŸ’Š’˜—œ

ȱ –Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱŠ—Š›ȱŽ›œ’˜—
 œȱ ŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ —žŒŽȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱŽ›œ˜—œ
œȱ —Ž›—Š••¢ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱŽ›œ˜—œ
ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱ’‹•Ž
ȱ ’—ȱ Š–ŽœȱŽ›œ’˜—
ȱ Ž ȱ–Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱŠ—Š›ȱ’‹•Ž
ȱ Ž ȱ–Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱŽ›œ’˜—
 ȱ Ž ȱ —Ž›—Š’˜—Š•ȱŽ›œ’˜—
 ȱ Ž ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱ’‹•Ž
 ȱ Š—Š”‘DZȱ‘Žȱ ˜•¢ȱŒ›’™ž›ŽœDZȱ‘ŽȱŽ ȱ ȱ›Š—œ•Š’˜—ȱŠŒŒ˜›’—ȱ
˜ȱ‘Žȱ›Š’’˜—Š•ȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱŽ¡
ȱ Ž ȱŽŸ’œŽȱŠ—Š›ȱŽ›œ’˜—
ȱ ›Š—’£Š’˜—ȱ ˜›ȱ Œ˜—˜–’Œȱ ˜Ȭ˜™Ž›Š’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ ŽŸŽ•˜™Ȭ
–Ž—
ȱ ŽžŽŽȱž’Žœ
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—›˜žŒ’˜—DZȱȱ
Ž¡œǰȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ǰȱ›˜‹•Ž–œǰȱ™™›˜ŠŒ‘Žœ

ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱŽ¡œ
‘Žȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ ǻ Ž‹›Ž ȱ ’‹•ŽǼȱ ‘Šœȱ ŒŠ›Žž••¢ȱ™›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱœŽŸŽ›Š•ȱ
ŸŠ›¢’—ȱ Ÿ’Ž œȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ –˜›Žȱ Œ˜––˜—•¢ȱ ”—˜ —ȱ Šœȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•Žǯȱ
—ȱ‘Žȱ˜—Žȱ‘Š—ǰȱ‘Žȱ—Š››Š’ŸŽœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽŸŽ—œȱ•ŽŠ’—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽȱŠœȱ
ŽœŒ›’‹Žȱ’—ȱŘȱ ’—œȱŘŚDZŗȬŝȱŒ•ŽŠ›•¢ȱœ›Žœœȱ’œȱž—Œ˜—œ›žŒ’ŸŽǰȱŠ–Š’—ǰȱ
Š—ȱ—ŽŠ’ŸŽȱŽŠž›Žœǯȱ Ž‘˜’Š”’–ȱ‹ŽŒ˜–ŽœȱŠȱŸŠœœŠ•ȱ˜ȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š—Ž£Ȭ
£Š›ȱ ǻ˜›ȱ Ž‹žŒ‘Š›Ž££Š›ŗǼȱ Šœȱ ‘Žȱ Ž—’›Žȱ œ˜ž‘Ž›—ȱ ”’—˜–ȱ ˜ȱ žŠ‘ȱ
’œȱ œž‹“žŠŽȱ ‹˜‘ȱ ŽŒ˜—˜–’ŒŠ••¢ȱ Š—ȱ ™˜•’’ŒŠ••¢ȱ ˜ȱ Š‹¢•˜—ǯŘȱ Ž›ȱ
‘›ŽŽȱ¢ŽŠ›œǰȱ‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ Ž‘˜’Š”’–ȱ›Ž‹Ž•œǰȱ‘’—”’—ȱ‘Šȱ¢™ȱ ˜ž•ȱ
Œ˜–Žȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱŠ‹Ž–Ž—ȱǻŘȱ ’—œȱŘŚDZŝǼǯȱ Žȱ’Žœȱž—Ž¡™ŽŒŽ•¢ȱŠ—ȱ Ž‘˜’Ȭ
ŠŒ‘’—ǰȱ‘’œȱœ˜—ǰȱŠœŒŽ—œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ‘›˜—Žȱ ‘’•ŽȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ
‘Š•ŽŠ—œȱǻŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—œǼȱŒ˜—’—žŽȱ˜ȱ–Š›Œ‘ȱ™˜ Ž›ž••¢ȱ˜ȱšžŽ••ȱ
‘Žȱ›Ž‹Ž••’˜—ǯ
‘Žȱ‘Š•ŽŠ—œȱŽ—Ž›ȱ žŠ‘ȱŠ—ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱž—Œ˜—ŽœŽǯȱ Ž‘˜’ŠŒ‘’—ǰȱ
—˜ȱ Š—’—ȱ ’——˜ŒŽ—ȱ ‹•˜˜œ‘Žǰȱ Šœȱ ’—ȱ Š—ŠœœŽ‘Ȃœȱ ›Ž’—ȱ ǻŘȱ ’—œȱ
ŘŚDZŚǼǰȱ–Š”Žœȱ‘Žȱ’ĜŒž•ȱŽŒ’œ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ›Ž•’—šž’œ‘ȱ‘Žȱ–˜—Š›Œ‘¢ȱȮȱ‘Žȱ
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’žŽǯȱ ’˜Œ•Žœȱ Š•œ˜ȱ –Ž—’˜—œȱ Ž‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›ȱ ’—ȱ ‘’œȱ œŽŒ˜—ȱ ‹˜˜”ȱ ˜ȱ ’‹¢Šȱ Š—ȱ
‹Ž›’Šǰȱ Š—ȱ ‘’•˜œ›ŠŽœȱ Š•œ˜ȱ ’—ȱ ‘’œȱ ŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱ ˜ȱ —’Šȱ Š—ȱ ‘˜Ž—’Œ’Šǯȱ ŽŽȱ ›Š‹˜ǰȱ
Ž˜›Š™‘¢ǰȱ ŗśǯŜDzȱ ˜œŽ™‘žœǰȱ —’šž’’Žœǰȱ ŗŖǯŜǯŗŗǯȱ ˜›ȱ –˜Ž›—ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ˜—ȱ Ž‹žȬ
Œ‘Š›Ž££Š›ǰȱ œŽŽȱ Žȱ ’™œŒ‘’œǰȱ ȃŽ‹žŒ‘Š›Ž££Š›Ȃœȱ ˜•’Œ¢ȱ ’—ȱ ȃ ŠĴžȬŠ—Ȅȱ Š—ȱ
‘Žȱ ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ’—˜–ȱ ˜ȱ žŠ‘ǰȄȱ ȱ řŖȱ ǻŗşşŞǼDZȱ ŚŜŝȬŚŞŝDzȱ ’••’Š–ȱ Š••˜ǰȱ ȃŒž›Ȭ
›’•˜žœȱ ¢–˜•˜’ŽœǰȄȱ ’—ȱ ˜–Ž›Š—ŠŽœȱ Š—ȱ ˜•Ž—ȱ Ž••œDZȱ ž’Žœȱ ’—ȱ ’‹•’ŒŠ•ǰȱ Ž ’œ‘ǰȱ
Š—ȱŽŠ›ȱŠœŽ›—ȱ’žŠ•ǰȱŠ ǰȱŠ—ȱ’Ž›Šž›Žȱ’—ȱ ˜—˜›ȱ˜ȱ ŠŒ˜‹ȱ’•›˜–ȱǻŽǯȱŠŸ’ȱǯȱ
›’‘ǰȱŠŸ’ȱ˜Ž•ȱ›ŽŽ–Š—ǰȱŠ—ȱŸ’ȱ ž›Ÿ’ĵDzȱ’—˜—ŠȱŠ”ŽDZȱ’œŽ—‹›Šž—œǰȱŗşşśǼǰȱ
ŝŜŝȬŝŝŜDzȱŠŠŸȱŠȂŠ–Š—ǰȱȃŽ‹žŒ‘Š›Ž££Š›ȂœȱŠ–™Š’—ȱ’—ȱŽŠ›ȱŜŖřȱǯȹǯȹǯǰȄȱȱŜŘȱ
ǻŗşşŘǼDZȱŚŗȬŚŚDzȱ˜—Š•ȱ ǯȱ’œŽ–Š—ǰȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š›Ž££Š›ȱŠ—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ȱǻ¡˜›DZȱ¡˜›ȱ—’Ȭ
ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ›Žœœȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ›’’œ‘ȱŒŠŽ–¢ǰȱŗşŞśǼDzȱ‹›Š‘Š–ȱŠ•Š–ŠǰȱȃȱŽ ȱŽŒ˜›ȱ
˜ȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š›Ž££Š›ȂœȱŠ•Žœ’—’Š—ȱŠ–™Š’—œǰȄȱ  ȱŜȱǻŗşśŜǼDZȱŘŚŜȬŘśŜDzȱ ǯȱ‘’•’™ȱ ¢ŠĴǰȱ
ȃŽ ȱ’‘ȱ˜—ȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š›Ž££Š›ȱŠ—ȱ žŽŠ—ȱ ’œ˜›¢ǰȄȱ ȱŝśȱǻŗşśŜǼDZȱŘŝŝȬŘŞŚǯ
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ȱ ŠȬ‹’Ȭ•žȱǻ•’Ÿǰȱ•ŠŸǼȱŠ‹•’•ǰȱ¦‹’•ǰȱ™Ž›‘Š™œȱ¦‹É•žǰȱ–ŽŠ—’—ȱȃ ˜ȂœȱŠŽȬ Š¢ǯȄȱŽŽȱ‹Ž›Ȭ
‘Š›ȱŒ‘›ŠŽ›ǰȱž—Ž’˜›–ȱ —œŒ›’™’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱǻؗȱŽ—•ǯȱ Ž›–Š—ȱŽǯDzȱ›Š—œǯǰȱ
 Ž—ȱǯȱ‘’Ž‘˜žœŽDzȱ˜—˜—Ȧ’—‹ž›‘DZȱ’••’Š–œȱŠ—ȱ˜›ŠŽǰȱŗŞŞśǼǰȱŗŗřȬŗŗŚǯ
Řȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

ŠŸ’’Œȱ¢—Šœ¢ȱȮȱŠ—ȱ‘žœȱ‹›’—œȱ˜ȱŠ—ȱŽ—ȱ‘ŽȱŠŸ’’ŒȱŒ˜ŸŽ—Š—ȱ˜›ȱ
‘ŽȱœŠ”Žȱ˜ȱœŠŸ’—ȱ‘’œȱ™Ž˜™•Žǯȱ‘Žȱ™Ž˜™•Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ȱŠ›ŽȱŠ•œ˜ȱœ™Š›Žǰȱ
‹žȱ‘Žȱ™Š›’Œ’Š—œȱŠ—ȱ™•Ž‹Ž’Š—œȱ˜ȱœ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱȮȱ‘ŽȱšžŽŽ—ȱ–˜‘Ž›ǰȱŠ••ȱ
‘Žȱ™›’—ŒŽœǰȱŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ–’‘¢ȱ–Ž—ȱ˜ȱŸŠ•˜›ǰȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ Š››’˜›ȱŒ•ŠœœȱȮȱŠȱ˜Š•ȱ
˜ȱŽ—ȱ‘˜žœŠ—ȱǻŠŒŒ˜›’—ȱ˜ȱŘȱ ’—œȱŘŚDZŚǼȱ˜›ȱœŽŸŽ—ȱ‘˜žœŠ—ȱꐑȬ
’—ȱ–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱŠȱ‘˜žœŠ—ȱŒ›Šœ–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱœ–’‘œȱǻŘȱ ’—œȱŘŚDZŗŜǼǰȱŠ•˜—ȱ
’‘ȱ‘Žȱ˜•ȱŠ›’Œ•Žœȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•ŽǰȱŠ›ŽȱŠ”Ž—ȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǯȱ‘’œȱ’œȱ
‘ŽȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱꛜȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—řȱ’—ȱśşŞȦŝȱǯȹǯȹǯ
—ȱ Ž‘˜’ŠŒ‘’—Ȃœȱ ™•ŠŒŽǰȱ ‘’œȱ ž—Œ•Žȱ ŠĴŠ—’Š‘ǰȱ ˜›ȱ ŽŽ”’Š‘ǰȱ ’œȱ –ŠŽȱ
”’—ǯȱžȱŠŽ›ȱŽ•ŽŸŽ—ȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ˜ȱ™Ž˜—ŠŽǰȱŽŽ”’Š‘ȱ˜˜ǰȱ•’”Žȱ‘’œȱ‹›˜‘Ž›ȱ
Ž‘˜’Š”’–ǰȱ ›Ž‹Ž•œȱ ’—ȱ Š—ȱ ŠĴŽ–™ȱ ˜ȱ ™›˜Œž›Žȱ ŽŒ˜—˜–’Œȱ Š—ȱ ™˜•’’ŒŠ•ȱ
’—Ž™Ž—Ž—ŒŽȱǻŘȱ ’—œȱŘŚDZŘŖDzȱŘȱ‘›ȱřŜDZŗŗȬŗŚǼǯȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›ȱŠ—ȱ
‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—œȱœ˜›–ȱ’—˜ȱ žŠ‘ȱŠ—ȱ™Š’Ž—•¢ȱ•Š¢ȱœ’ŽŽȱ˜ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ǯȱ
ȱ œ˜–Žȱ ™˜’—ȱ ’—ȱ ’–Žǰȱ ž›’—ȱ ‘Žȱ  ˜Ȭȱ ˜›ȱ ‘›ŽŽȬ¢ŽŠ›ȱ œ’ŽŽǰȱ Ž‹žȬ
Œ‘Š—Ž££Š›ȱ ›Žž›—œȱ ˜ȱ ’‹•Š‘ǯȱ ’‘ȱ Šȱ œŽŸŽ›Žȱ Š–’—Žȱ ’—ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ǰȱ
Šȱ‹›ŽŠŒ‘ȱǻ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Š••Ǽȱ’œȱꗊ••¢ȱ–ŠŽǯȱ‘Žȱ‘Š•ŽŠ—œȱŽ—Ž›ȱ‘ŽȱŒ’¢ȱ
‘’•ŽȱŽŽ”’Š‘ȱŠ—ȱ‘’œȱŠ›–¢ȱŠ›ŽȱŽœŒŠ™’—ȱ‘›˜ž‘ȱ‘ŽȱŠŽȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ
‘Žȱ ˜ȱœ–Š••ȱ Š••œȱ—ŽŠ›ȱ‘Žȱ”’—ȂœȱŠ›Ž—ǯŚȱœȱ‘Ž¢ȱ̎Žȱ˜ Š›ȱ‘Žȱ
›Š‹Š‘ǰȱ‘Žȱ‘Š•ŽŠ—ȱŠ›–¢ȱ™ž›œžŽœȱ‘Žȱ”’—ȱŠ—ȱŒŠ™ž›Žœȱ‘’–ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ
™•Š’—œȱ˜ȱ Ž›’Œ‘˜ǯȱ’‘ȱ‘’œȱŠ›–¢ȱœŒŠĴŽ›Žǰȱ‘Žȱ’œȱ‹›˜ž‘ȱ‹Ž˜›ŽȱŽ‹žȬ
Œ‘Š—Ž££Š›ȱŠȱ’‹•Š‘ǯȱŽŽ”’Š‘Ȃœȱœ˜—œȱŠ›ŽȱŽ¡ŽŒžŽȱȃ‹Ž˜›Žȱ‘’œȱŽ¢ŽœȄȱ
ǻŘȱ ’—œȱŘśDZŝǼȱŠ—ȱŠŽ›ȱŽŽ”’Š‘Ȃœȱ˜ —ȱŽ¢ŽœȱŠ›Žȱ™žȱ˜žǰȱ‘Žȱ’œȱ‹˜ž—ȱ
’—ȱŽĴŽ›œȱǻ‹›˜—£Žȱœ‘ŠŒ”•ŽœǼȱŠ—ȱŒŠ››’Žȱ˜ěȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǯȱ —ȱŠ’’˜—ǰ
—ȱ‘Žȱꏝ‘ȱ–˜—‘ǰȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱœŽŸŽ—‘ȱŠ¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–˜—‘ȱȮȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ Šœȱ‘Žȱ—’—ŽȬ
ŽŽ—‘ȱ ¢ŽŠ›ȱ ˜ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›ǰȱ ”’—ȱ ˜ȱ Š‹¢•˜—ȱ Ȯȱ Ž‹ž£Š›ŠŠ—ǰȱ
‘ŽȱŒŠ™Š’—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ‹˜¢žŠ›ǰȱŠȱœŽ›ŸŠ—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ”’—ȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǰȱŒŠ–Žȱ˜ȱ
Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ǯȱ Žȱ‹ž›—Žȱ‘Žȱ‘˜žœŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱǰȱ‘Žȱ”’—Ȃœȱ‘˜žœŽǰȱŠ—ȱŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ
‘˜žœŽœȱ˜ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–DzȱŽŸŽ›¢ȱ›ŽŠȱ‘˜žœŽȱ‘Žȱ‹ž›—Žȱ˜ —ǯȱ••ȱ‘ŽȱŠ›–¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
‘Š•ŽŠ—œȱ ‘˜ȱ Ž›Žȱ ’‘ȱ‘ŽȱŒŠ™Š’—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱžŠ›ȱŒŠ››’Žȱ’—˜ȱŽ¡’•Žȱ‘Žȱ
›Žœȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ™Ž˜™•Žȱ ‘˜ȱ Ž›Žȱ •Žȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Œ’¢ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ ŽœŽ›Ž›œȱ ‘˜ȱ ‘Šȱ
ŽŽŒŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ”’—ȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ȱȮȱŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ›Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™˜™ž•Š’˜—ǯȱžȱ‘Žȱ
ŒŠ™Š’—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ žŠ›ȱ •Žȱ œ˜–Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ™˜˜›Žœȱ ™Ž˜™•Žȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ •Š—ȱ ˜ȱ ‹Žȱ
Ÿ’—Ž›ŽœœŽ›œȱŠ—ȱ’••Ž›œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœ˜’•ȱǻŘȱ ’—œȱŘśDZŞȬŗŘǼǯ

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ȱ —ȱ‘’œȱ–˜—˜›Š™‘ǰȱ ȱŽ•’‹Ž›ŠŽ•¢ȱŠŸ˜’ȱžœ’—ȱȃŽ™˜›Ȅȱ˜›ȱȃŽ™˜›Š’˜—Ȅȱ’—ȱ•’‘ȱ˜ȱ
˜ž›ȱŒ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱœŽ—œ’’Ÿ’¢ȱ˜ȱž— Š—Žȱ’——žŽ—˜Žœȱ˜›ȱ•’—”œȱ˜ȱ›Žž›—’—ȱ’••ŽȬ
Š•ȱ’––’›Š—œȱ˜ȱ‘Ž’›ȱŒ˜ž—›¢ȱ˜ȱ˜›’’—ǯȱ —ȱ–¢ȱ“ž–Ž—ǰȱ‘ŽœŽȱ ˜›œȱŽ—Ž›ŠŽȱ
ž— Š—Žȱ ‘Ž›–Ž—Žž’Œœǯȱ ˜›ȱ Ž¡Š–™•Žǰȱ ŽŸŽ—ȱ Šȱ ™Šœœ’—ȱ ™‘›ŠœŽȱ •’”Žȱ ȃŽ™˜›Žȱ ‘Žȱ
žŽŠ—œǰȄȱ˜ȱŠȱŽ›ŽŽǰȱ’–™•’Žœȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ Ž›Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ȱ’••ŽŠ••¢ȱ˜›ȱž—•Š Ȭ
ž••¢ǰȱŽŸŽ—ȱ ’‘ȱž••ȱ”—˜ •ŽŽȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ™›Ž’ŒŠ’ŸŽȱ™‘›ŠœŽȱ’œȱ‹Ž’—ȱžœŽȱ—Žž›Š••¢ǯȱ
¢ȱ™˜’—ȱ’œȱ‘ŠȱœžŒ‘ȱœŽ–Š—’Œœȱœ‘˜ž•ȱ‹Žȱ–’—’–’£Žȱ˜›ȱŠŸ˜’Žǰȱž—•Žœœǰȱ˜ȱŒ˜ž›œŽǰȱ
’—Ž—Žǯ
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ȱ ǯȱ œŠȱŘŘDZşȬŗŗDzȱŽ ’œȱŠ¢•ŽœȱŠ˜—ǰȱȃ‘ŽȱŽŠ—’—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ¡™›Žœœ’˜—ȱȁŽ ŽŽ—ȱ‘Žȱ
 ˜ȱŠ••œǰȂȄȱ ȱŘśȱǻŗşŖŜǼDZȱŗȬŗŚǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱŽ¡œȱ ř

‘’œȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱŽœŒ›’‹Žœȱ‘ŽȱœŽŒ˜—ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱ’—ȱśŞŝȦŜȱǯȹǯȹǯȱ‘Žȱ
Ž¡ȱ ™›ŽŒ’œŽ•¢ȱ ‘Šœȱ Ž‹ž£Š›ŠŠ—ǰȱ —˜ȱ ’—ȱ Ž‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›ǰȱ ‹ž›—Ȭ
’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•Žȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ‘˜žœŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱǰȱ‘Žȱ”’—Ȃœȱ‘˜žœŽǰȱŠ—ȱŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ
‘˜žœŽœȱ’—ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ǯȱ‘Žȱ™›’œ˜—Ž›œȱ˜ȱ Š›ȱȮȱŽ›’Š‘ȱ‘ŽȱŒ‘’Žȱ™›’Žœǰȱ
Ž™‘Š—’Š‘ȱ ‘Žȱ ™›’Žœȱ —Ž¡ȱ ’—ȱ ›Š—”ǰȱ ‘Žȱ ‘›ŽŽȱ ˜˜›”ŽŽ™Ž›œȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ
‘›Žœ‘˜•ǰȱ‘Žȱ꟎ȱ–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ”’—ȂœȱŒ˜ž—Œ’•ǰȱ‘ŽȱœŽŒ›ŽŠ›¢ȱ’—ȱŒ‘Š›Žȱ
˜ȱŒ˜—œŒ›’™’˜—ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱœ’¡¢ȱ–Ž—ȱ ‘˜ȱŒ˜—œ™’›ŽȱȮȱŠ›ŽȱŠ••ȱ‹›˜ž‘ȱ˜ȱ
’‹•Š‘ǰȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ȱ˜ȱ Š–Š‘ǰȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱœŽ—Ž—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱŽ¡ŽŒžŽȱ‹Ž˜›Žȱ
Ž‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›ȱǻŘȱ ’—œȱŘśDZŗŞȬŘŗǼǯȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›ȱ‘Ž—ȱŠ™™˜’—œȱ
ŽŠ•’Š‘ǰȱ‘Žȱœ˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘’”Š–ǰȱ‘Žȱœ˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Š™Š—ǰȱ˜ȱ˜ŸŽ›œŽŽȱŠ—ȱ˜ŸȬ
Ž›—ȱ‘Žȱ›Ž–Š’—’—ȱ™Ž˜™•Žȱ›˜–ȱ’£™Š‘ǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ œ‘–ŠŽ•ǰȱ‘Žȱœ˜—ȱ
˜ȱŽ‘Š—’Š‘ǰȱŠ—ȱŽ—ȱ–Ž—ȱŠœœŠœœ’—ŠŽȱ‘Žȱ™›˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ™ž™™Žȱ
›ž•Ž›ǯȱ‘Ž—ǰȱ’—ȱŽŠ›ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŒ˜–ŽȬž™™Š—ŒŽǰȱŠ••ȱ‘˜œŽȱŽŸŽ—ȱ
•˜˜œŽ•¢ȱŠĜ•’ŠŽȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ–ŠœœŠŒ›Žȱ̎Žȱ˜ȱ¢™ȱǻŘȱ ’—œȱŘśDZŘŜǼǯȱ‘’œȱ
‘Ž—ȱŒ˜—Œ•žŽœȱ‘ŽȱŘȱ ’—œȂȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ǯś
—ȱ‘Žȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ‘Š—ǰȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ȱřşȬŚřȱ‘Šœȱ™›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱŠȱ™Š›Š••Ž•ȱ‹žȱŠȱ
œ•’‘•¢ȱ•Žœœȱ’œœŽ—’—ȱ˜›ȱ“Šž—’ŒŽȱŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱ ‘Šȱ›Š—œ™’›Žǯȱ ȱŠ™™ŽŠ›œȱ
Šœȱ’ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱ’—ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ȱŽœ™Ž›ŠŽ•¢ȱ Š—œȱ˜ȱ’—“ŽŒȱœ˜–Žȱ
˜™’–’œ–ȱœ’—ŒŽȱ‘Ž›Žȱ ŠœȱŠ•›ŽŠ¢ȱŠȱ˜›–’Š‹•Žȱ›˜ž™ȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ȱǻśşŝȱ
ǯȹǯȹǯǼǯȱ‘ŽœŽȱŒ‘Š™Ž›œȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜˜”ȱ˜ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ȱ–˜œȱ™ŽŠ—’ŒŠ••¢ȱ
Š—ȱ –Ž’Œž•˜žœ•¢ȱ ŽœŒ›’‹Žȱ ‘Žȱ ŽŸŽ—œȱ •ŽŠ’—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Žœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ
Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱ’—ȱśŞŝȱǯȹǯȹǯȱ‘’œȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱŽŸŽ—ȱ—˜Žœȱ‘ŠȱŠŽ›ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢Ȭ
•˜—’Š—ȱ ˜ĜŒ’Š•œȱ Ž—Ž›Žȱ ‘Žȱ Œ’¢DZȱ ȃ‘Ž¢ȱ œŠȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ –’•Žȱ ŠŽȄȱ ǻ Ž›ȱ
řşDZřǼǯȱ‘Žȱ™›ŽŒ’œŽȱ—Š–Žœȱ˜›ȱ’•Žœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ˜ĜŒ’Š•œȱŠ›Žȱž›Ȭ
‘Ž›ȱž›—’œ‘ŽȱȮȱŽ›Š•Ȭœ‘Š›Ž£Ž›ǰȱŠ–Š›Ȭ—Ž‹˜ǰȱŠ›œŽŒ‘’–ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹Ȭ
œŠ›’œǰȱŽ›Š•Ȭœ‘Š›Ž£Ž›ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹–ŠȱȮȱ ’‘ȱŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ˜ĜŒ’Š•œȱǻ Ž›ȱřşDZřŜǼǯȱ
˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ ’‘ȱœ˜ȱ–žŒ‘ȱŠĴŽ—’˜—ȱ˜ȱŽŠ’•ǰȱ‘Ž›Žȱ’œȱŠ‹œ˜•žŽ•¢ȱ—˜ȱ›ŽȬ
Ž›Ž—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•Žȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ‘˜žœŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱȱ‹ž›—’—ǯȱȃ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—œȱ
œŽȱꛎȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›˜¢Š•ȱ™Š•ŠŒŽȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ‘˜žœŽȱǻ˜›ȱ‘˜žœŽœDzȱŒǯȱ Ž›ȱśŘDZŗřǼȱ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ™Ž˜™•ŽȱŠ—ȱ‹›˜”Žȱ˜ —ȱ‘Žȱ Š••ȱ˜ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–Ȅȱǻ Ž›ȱřşDZŞǼǯȱ‘ŽȱŠŒȱ

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˜‘Š—Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ œ˜—ȱ ˜ȱ Š›ŽŠ‘ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Ž’›ȱ Ž—˜ž›ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ •ŽŠŽ›œȱ šž’Œ”•¢ȱ
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‘Ž•ȱž—Ž›ȱ œ‘–ŠŽ•ǯȱ œ‘–ŠŽ•ȱŠ—ȱŽ’‘ȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ–Ž—ȱ̎ŽȱŠ—ȱœŽŽ”ȱ›ŽȬ
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˜–Ž—ǰȱ Œ‘’•›Ž—ȱ Š—ȱ ˜ĜŒ’Š•œȱ ǻŽž—žŒ‘œǼȱ ‘˜–ȱ ˜‘Š—Š—ȱ ‹›˜ž‘ȱ
‹ŠŒ”ȱ›˜–ȱ ’‹Ž˜—Ȅȱǻ Ž›ȱŚŗDZŗŜǼȱŸ˜•ž—Š›’•¢ȱ̎Žȱ˜ȱ¢™ȱ’—ȱŽŠ›ȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢Ȭ
•˜—’Š—ȱ›Ž™›’œŠ•ǯȱ Ž›Žǰȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘Ȃœȱ›Ž•’’˜žœȱ˜›ȱ™›˜™‘Ž’Œȱ Š›—’—ȱ—˜ȱ
˜ȱ˜ȱ˜ —ȱ˜ȱ¢™ȱǻ Ž›ȱŚŘDZŗşǼȱ’œȱ’—˜›Žǯȱ—ȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ǰȱ‘Žȱ
Šž‘˜›ǻœǼȱ–Š”Žœȱ’ȱŸŽ›¢ȱŽ¡™•’Œ’ȱ‘Šȱ œ‘–ŠŽ•ȱ’ȱ—˜ȱ“˜’—ȱ‘Žȱ›˜ž™ȱ
‘Šȱ Ž—ȱ˜ —ȱ˜ȱ¢™ǯ
Ž›ȱŚřȬŚŚȱ‘Ž—ȱŽœŒ›’‹Žœȱ‘ŽȱŒŠ•Š–’¢ȱ‘Šȱ ˜ȱ‘Šœȱ’—ȱœ˜›Žȱ˜›ȱŠ••ȱ
‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ‘ŠȱŸ˜•ž—Š›’•¢ȱ̎ȱŠ—ȱ›ŽœŽĴ•Žȱ’—ȱ’˜•ǰȱŠ™‘Š—‘Žœǰȱ
Š—ȱŽ–™‘’œǰȱ¢™ȱȮȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ȱ˜ȱŠ‘›˜œȱǻŚŚDZŗśDzȱŒǯȹǯȱŠ•œ˜ȱ£Ž”ȱŗşDZŗŚDzȱ
œŠȱŗŗDZŗŗǼDZȱȃžȱ‘ŽŠ›ȱ‘Žȱ ˜›ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱǰȱŠ••ȱ Ž œȱ•’Ÿ’—ȱ’—ȱ¢™DZȱ
ȁ ȱœ ŽŠ›ȱ‹¢ȱ–¢ȱ›ŽŠȱ—Š–ŽȂȱœŠ¢œȱ‘Žȱǰȱȁ‘Šȱ—˜ȱ˜—Žȱ›˜–ȱ žŠ‘ȱ
•’Ÿ’—ȱŠ—¢ ‘Ž›Žȱ’—ȱ¢™ȱ ’••ȱŽŸŽ›ȱŠŠ’—ȱ’—Ÿ˜”Žȱ–¢ȱ—Š–Žȱ˜›ȱœ ŽŠ›ǰȂȱ
Šœȱœž›Ž•¢ȱŠœȱ‘Žȱ˜ŸŽ›Ž’—ȱȱ•’ŸŽœȄȱǻ Ž›ȱŚŚDZŘŜǼǯȱ —Ž›Žœ’—•¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ
’—Ÿ˜•ž—Š›¢ȱ ˜›ȱ ȃ˜›ŒŽȱ –’›Š’˜—Ȅȱ ˜ȱ Š‹¢•˜—ȱ ’œȱ ŽŽ–Žȱ •Ž’’–ŠŽǰȱ
™Š›ȱ ˜ȱ ˜Ȃœȱ ™•Š—ǰȱ ‹žȱ ‘Žȱ Ÿ˜•ž—Š›¢ȱ –’›Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ¢™ǰȱ Š‘›˜œǰȱ
žœ‘ǰȱ˜›ȱŠ—¢ ‘Ž›ŽȱŽ•œŽȱ’œȱœ›’Œ•¢ȱŒ˜—Ž–—Žǯȱ‘’œȱŠ™™ŽŠ›œȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ‘Žȱ
‘Ž˜™˜•’’ŒŠ•ȱ™›˜Œ•’Ÿ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ žŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ™›˜Ȭ˜•Š‘ȱŒ˜––žȬ
ŗŖ
ȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱ •Ž—”’—œ˜™™ǰȱ ȃ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—ȱ ›’Žœ‘˜˜ȱ ž›’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ Š—ȱ
Œ‘ŠŽ–Ž—’ȱŽ›’˜œDZȱȱ ¢™˜‘Ž’ŒŠ•ȱŽŒ˜—œ›žŒ’˜—ǰȄȱȱŜŖȱǻŗşşŞǼDZȱŘśȬŚřDzȱ ˜Ž•ȱ
ǯȱŽ’—‹Ž›ǰȱȃ ŽŠ•’Š‘ǰȱ‘Žȱœ˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘’”Š–ȱ’—ȱ’£™Š‘DZȱ ’œȱŠžœȱŠ—ȱ˜•Žǰȱž™Ȭ
™˜›Ž›œȱŠ—ȱ™™˜—Ž—œǰȄȱȱŗŗşȱǻŘŖŖŝǼDZȱřśŜȬŜŞDzȱ ǯȱ’Ž•ȱ ›Š‘Š–ǰȱȃ’—Ž›ŽœœŽ›œȱ
Š—ȱ•˜ –Ž—ǰȄȱȱŚŝȱǻŗşŞŚǼDZȱśśȬśŞǯ
Ŝȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

—’¢ȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ȱŒ•Š’–’—ȱ’œȱŽ¡Œ•žœ’Ÿ’¢ǯŗŗȱžȱŠœŒ’—Š’—•¢ǰȱŠ—˜‘Ž›ȱ
™˜’—ȱ˜ȱ’쎛Ž—ŒŽȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ‘ŽȱŘȱ ’—œȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱ’œȱ˜ž—ȱ’—ȱ Ž›ȱśŘǯȱ ȱ
›ŽŒ˜›œȱŠȱ‘’›ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱǻśŞŘȱǯȹǯȹǯǼȱŠ—ȱŠȱŸŽ›¢ȱ’쎛Ž—ȱœŠ’œȬ
’ŒŠ•ȱꐞ›Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ‘Šȱ Ž›ŽȱŠ”Ž—ȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—DZ
‘’œȱ’œȱ‘Žȱ—ž–‹Ž›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™Ž˜™•ŽȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›ȱŒŠ››’Žȱ’—˜ȱŽ¡’•ŽDZ
’—ȱ‘ŽȱœŽŸŽ—‘ȱ¢ŽŠ›ǰȱřǰŖŘřDz
’—ȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›ȂœȱŽ’‘ŽŽ—‘ȱ¢ŽŠ›ǰȱŞřŘȱ™Ž˜™•Žȱ›˜–ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–Dz
’—ȱ ‘’œȱ  Ž—¢Ȭ‘’›ȱ ¢ŽŠ›ǰȱ ŝŚśȱ žŽŠ—œȱ Ž›Žȱ Š”Ž—ȱ ’—˜ȱ Ž¡’•Žȱ ‹¢ȱ Ž‹žȬ
£Š›ŠŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜––Š—Ž›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’–™Ž›’Š•ȱžŠ›ǯ
‘Ž›Žȱ Ž›ŽȱŚǰŜŖŖȱ™Ž˜™•Žȱ’—ȱŠ••ȱǻ Ž›ȱśŘDZȱŘŞȬřŖǼǯ
—ȱŒ˜—›Šœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŘȱ ’—œȂȱ–ŠŒ›˜ȱ™˜››Š’ž›Žȱ˜ȱŽ—œȱ˜ȱ‘˜žœŠ—œǰȱ
’—Œ•žœ’ŸŽȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ›˜¢Š•ǰȱ ™˜•’’ŒŠ•ǰȱ ›Ž•’’˜žœǰȱ Š—ȱ –’•’Š›¢ȱ ™Ž˜™•Žȱ Š—ȱ
‘ŽȱŠ›’œŠ—œȱ ‘˜ȱ Ž›Žȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽǰȱ‘Žȱ–’Œ›˜ȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱ’—ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ȱœ’–Ȭ
™•¢ȱ›ŽŒ˜›œȱꐞ›ŽœǯȱŠ’—ǰȱ‘’œȱŠ™™ŽŠ›œȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠ—˜‘Ž›ȱ–ŽŠ—œȱ˜ȱ›¢Ȭ
’—ȱ˜ȱ™›ŽœŽ—ȱŠȱ•Žœœȱ’œœŽ—’—ȱŸ’Ž ǯŗŘ
˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱž—Œ˜—œ›žŒ’ŸŽȱ˜›ȱŠ–Š’—ȱŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ
˜ž—ȱ’—ȱŘȱ ’—œȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ•Žœœȱ“Šž—’ŒŽȱ˜—Žǰȱ ’‘ȱ•’–™œŽœȱ˜ȱ˜™’Ȭ

ŗŗ
ȱ ŽŽȱ Š›•Ȭ›’Ž›’Œ‘ȱ˜‘•–Š——ǰȱž’Ž—ȱ£ž–ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‹žŒ‘DZȱ’—ȱŽ’›Šȱ£ž›ȱ›ŠŽȱ—ŠŒ‘ȱ
Ž›ȱ —œŽ‘ž—ȱ Žœȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‹žŒ‘Žœȱ ǻȱ ŗŗŞDzȱ ãĴ’—Ž—DZȱ Š—Ž—‘˜ŽŒ”ȱ ǭȱ ž™Ȭ
›ŽŒ‘ǰȱŗşŝŞǼDzȱ‘›’œ˜™‘Ž›ȱǯȱŽ’ĵǰȱ‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱ’—ȱ˜—Ě’ŒDZȱŽŠŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ¡’•Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜˜”ȱ
˜ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ȱǻȱŗŝŜDzȱŽ›•’—DZȱŽȱ ›ž¢Ž›ǰȱŗşŞşǼDzȱ’Ž–ǰȱȃ‘Žȱ›’œ’œȱ˜ȱ —Ž›™›ŽŠȬ
’˜—ȱ˜ŸŽ›ȱ‘ŽȱŽŠ—’—ȱŠ—ȱž›™˜œŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽDZȱȱŽŠŒ’˜—Š•ȱž¢ȱ˜ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ȱ
 Ȭ ǰȄȱȱřśȱǻŗşŞśǼDZȱŝŞȬşŝDzȱŠ›˜•¢—ȱ ǯȱ‘Š›™ǰȱ›˜™‘ŽŒ¢ȱŠ—ȱ Ž˜•˜¢ȱ’—ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘DZȱ
›ž•Žœȱ˜›ȱž‘˜›’¢ȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽžŽ›˜Ȭ Ž›Ž–’Š—’Œȱ›˜œŽȱǻDzȱ˜—˜—ȦŽ ȱ˜›”DZȱȱǭȱ
ȱ•Š›”ǰȱŘŖŖřǼǯ
ŗŘ
ȱ ˜œȱ ›ŽŒŽ—•¢ǰȱ Š’—Ž›ȱ •‹Ž›ĵǰȱ Š–˜—ȱ ˜‘Ž›œǰȱ ‘Šœȱ ŠĴŽ–™Žȱ ˜ȱ ž—Š—•Žȱ ‘Žȱ
’–™ŠœœŽȱ˜ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱꐞ›Žœȱ˜ȱ žŽŠ—œȱ’—ȱŘȱ ’—œȱŘŚȱ ’‘˜žȱ–žŒ‘ȱœžŒŒŽœœǯȱ¢ȱ
œžŽœ’˜—ȱ’œȱœ’–™•¢ȱ˜ȱ™•ŠŒŽȱŽŠŒ‘ȱꐞ›Žȱ ’‘ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱȮȱŗŖǰŖŖŖȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ
śşŝDzȱ ŝǰŖŖŖȱ ˜›ȱ ‘Žȱ śŞŝǰȱ Š—ȱ ŗǰŖŖŖȱ ˜›ȱ ‘Žȱ śŞŘȱ ŽŸŽ—ǯȱ ‘’œȱ œ˜•ŸŽœȱ ‘Žȱ ™›˜‹•Ž–ȱ Š•˜Ȭ
Ž‘Ž›ǯ
ȱ ȱœ‘˜ž•ȱ‹Žȱ—˜Žȱ‘ŠȱŘȱ ’—œȱŘŚDZŗŜȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ‘ŽȱŒŠžœŽȱ˜ȱ˜ž›ȱŒ˜—žœ’˜—ǯȱ™˜—ȱ
Œ•˜œŽ›ȱŽ¡Š–’—Š’˜—ǰȱ ŽȱœŽŽȱ ˜ȱ•Š¢Ž›œȱ˜ȱ›ŽŠŒ’˜—ǯȱŽ›œŽȱŗŜ‹ȱ’œȱŒ•ŽŠ›•¢ȱŠ—ȱ’—Ž›Ȭ
™˜•Š’˜—ǯȱ ‘Žȱ Š™™˜œ’’˜—Š•ȱ ‘Ž—¢Šœ’œȱ ȃŠ—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž—›ŠŸŽ›œȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ œ–’‘œȱ ŗǰŖŖŖȄȱ
’œȱŒ•ž–œ’•¢ȱ’—œŽ›Žȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ‘Žȱ–Š›”Ž›ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠŒŒžœŠ’ŸŽȱȃŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ–Ž—ȱ˜ȱŸŠ•˜›ǰȱ
œŽŸŽ—ȱ‘˜žœŠ—ǰȄȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜—’—ž˜žœȱŠ“ŽŒ’ŸŠ•ȱ™‘›ŠœŽȱ‘Šȱ—ŽŽœȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ™Š›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
ꛜȱŒ•ŠžœŽǰȱȃŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ–’‘¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ˜—Žœȱ ‘˜ȱŠ›ŽȱŠ‹•Žȱ˜›ȱ Š›ǯȄ
ȱ *F LAMGBQLRBQ'SJF N <FSRBSH FEN Q
 BF<<BFQAF<<&FG' S<SQBGRFGS 'SLQ<AFEB
ȱ ȱ ˜ž•ȱ•’”Žȱ˜ȱž›‘Ž›ȱ™˜’—ȱ˜žȱ’—ȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱŠ™™˜œ’’˜—Š•ȱŒ•ŠžœŽǰȱ‘Žȱ•Ž¡Ž–Žȱ*F ȱ
˜™›˜›žŽœȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡ǰȱ œ’—Š•’—ȱ ‘Šȱ ’ȱ Šœȱ ŠŽȱ ŠŽ›ȱ ‘Žȱ ’—Ž›™˜•Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ
LAMGBQLRBQǯȱ¢ȱœ’–™•Žȱ™˜’—ȱ’œȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱꐞ›Žȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ‘’›ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱǻ’ǯȹŽǯǰȱ
ŗǰŖŖŖȱ™Ž›œ˜—œȱ›˜–ȱśŞŘǼȱ’œȱ™•ŠŒŽȱ’––Ž’ŠŽ•¢ȱŠŽ›ȱ‘Žȱꐞ›Žȱ˜›ȱ‘ŽȱśŞŝȱŽŸŽ—ȱ
ȮȱŝǰŖŖŖǯȱ•‘˜ž‘ȱ‘’œȱ™Š’›ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱœŠ’œ’ŒŠ•ȱ›˜ž—Žȱꐞ›Žœȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŘȱ ’—œȱŘŚȱ’œȱ
œ•’‘•¢ȱ•Š›Ž›ȱ‘Š—ȱ‘Žȱ˜—Žœȱ’—ȱ Ž›ȱśŘǰȱ‹˜‘ȱꐞ›Žœȱ—ŽŸŽ›‘Ž•Žœœȱ•’—Žȱž™ȱ˜Ž‘Ž›ȱ’—ȱ
ŽŒ›ŽŠœ’—ȱŠœ‘’˜—ǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱŽ¡œȱ ŝ

–’œ–ȱ Š—ȱ Œ‘˜’ŒŽȱ ˜ȱ ™›˜žŒŽȱ Šȱ •Žœœȱ ŒŠŠœ›˜™‘’Œȱ Ÿ’Ž ǰȱ ’—ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ǰȱ
Žȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŠ’’˜—Š•ȱŽ¡œȱ‘ŠȱŽ¡™›Žœœȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ’—ȱ™›ŽŸ’˜žœ•¢ȱ
ž—›Ž‘ŽŠ›œŽȱ ˜›œDZȱȃ˜–˜›ǰȱȱŒ˜–˜›ȱ–¢ȱ™Ž˜™•ŽǰȄȱ’—ȱ œŠȱŚŖDZŗȬŘǰȱ
ȃ™ŽŠ”ȱŽ—Ž›•¢ȱ˜ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ǰȱŠ—ȱŒ›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Ž›ȱ‘Šȱœ‘Žȱ‘ŠœȱœŽ›ŸŽȱ‘Ž›ȱ
Ž›–ǰȱ‘Šȱ‘Ž›ȱ™Ž—Š•¢ȱ’œȱ™Š’ǰȱ‘Šȱœ‘Žȱ‘Šœȱ›ŽŒŽ’ŸŽȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱȂœȱ
‘Š—ȱ˜ž‹•Žȱ˜›ȱŠ••ȱ‘Ž›ȱœ’—œȄȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›’œ’—ȱŒ›ŽœŒŽ—˜ȱ’—ȱȃžȱ¢˜žȱ œ›ŠŽ•ǰȱ
–¢ȱœŽ›ŸŠ—ǰȱ ŠŒ˜‹ǰȱ ‘˜–ȱ ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŒ‘˜œŽ—ǰȱ‘Žȱ˜ěœ™›’—ȱ˜ȱ‹›Š‘Š–ǰȱ
–¢ȱ›’Ž—Dzȱ¢˜žȱ ‘˜–ȱ ȱ˜˜”ȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—œȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽŠ›‘ǰȱŠ—ȱŒŠ••Žȱ
›˜–ȱ’œȱŠ›‘ŽœȱŒ˜›—Ž›œǰȱœŠ¢’—ȱ˜ȱ¢˜žǰȱ˜žȱŠ›Žȱ–¢ȱœŽ›ŸŠ—ǰȱ ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ
Œ‘˜œŽ—ȱ¢˜žȱŠ—ȱ—˜ȱŒŠœȱ¢˜žȱ˜ěDzȱ˜ȱ—˜ȱŽŠ›ǰȱ˜›ȱ ȱŠ–ȱ ’‘ȱ¢˜žǰȱ˜ȱ—˜ȱ
‹ŽȱŠ›Š’ȱ˜›ȱ ȱŠ–ȱ¢˜ž›ȱ ˜Dzȱ ȱ ’••ȱœ›Ž—‘Ž—ȱ¢˜žǰȱ ȱ ’••ȱ‘Ž•™ȱ¢˜žǰȱ
ȱ ’••ȱ ž™‘˜•ȱ ¢˜žȱ ’‘ȱ –¢ȱ Ÿ’Œ˜›’˜žœȱ ›’‘ȱ ‘Š—Ȅȱ ǻ œŠȱ ŚŗDZŞȬŗŖǼDzȱ ‘Žȱ
ŒŠŽ—£Šȱ’—ȱȃŽŒŠžœŽȱ¢˜žȱŠ›Žȱ™›ŽŒ’˜žœȱ’—ȱ–¢ȱœ’‘ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘˜—˜›ŽǰȱŠ—ȱ ȱ
•˜ŸŽȱ¢˜ždzȱ˜ȱ—˜ȱ›Ž–Ž–‹Ž›ȱ‘Žȱ˜›–Ž›ȱ‘’—œǰȱ˜›ȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›ȱ‘Žȱ‘’—œȱ
˜ȱ˜•ǯȱ ȱŠ–ȱŠ‹˜žȱ˜ȱ˜ȱŠȱ—Ž ȱ‘’—Ȅȱǻ œŠȱŚřDZŚǰŗŞȬŗşŠǼȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱꗊ•Žȱ
’—ȱȃ’—ǰȱȱ‘ŽŠŸŽ—œǰȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱȱ‘Šœȱ˜—Žȱ’Dzȱœ‘˜žǰȱȱŽ™‘œȱ˜ȱ
‘ŽȱŽŠ›‘ȱ‹›ŽŠ”ȱ˜›‘ȱ’—˜ȱœ’—’—ǰȱȱ–˜ž—Š’—œǰȱȱ˜›ŽœǰȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ›¢ȱ
›ŽŽȱ’—ȱ’Ƿȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱȱ‘Šœȱ›ŽŽŽ–Žȱ ŠŒ˜‹ǰȱŠ—ȱ ’••ȱ‹Žȱ•˜›’ꮍȱ’—ȱ
œ›ŠŽ•ȄȱǻŚŚDZŘřǼǯȱ••ȱ‘ŽœŽȱ ˜›œȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ›Š—œŒŽ—ȱ‘Žȱ ˜ȱ™›ŽŸ’˜žœȱ
Ÿ’Ž œǯȱ‘’œȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱ˜Žœȱ—˜ȱŽŸŽ—ȱ–Ž—’˜—ȱ‘ŽȱśşŝǰȱśŞŝǰȱŠ—ȱśŞŘȱ
ŠŽ›–Š‘œǯȱŠ‘Ž›ǰȱ‘Ž’›ȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱ’œȱ’—ŽœŒ›’‹Š‹•¢ȱŠ™™›Š’œŽǯ
˜›ȱŽŒ˜—ȱ œŠ’Š‘ȱŠ—ȱ‘’œȱœŽŒ˜—ȱŠ—ȱœž‹œŽšžŽ—ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ žŽ˜Ȭ
Š‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŒ˜––ž—’¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ˜›–Ž›ȱ™›ŽŒŽ™ȱ˜ȱ ‘¢ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ‘Š™™Ž—Žǰȱ
—Š–Ž•¢ǰȱ‹ŽŒŠžœŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœ’—œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™›ŽŸ’˜žœȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ǰȱ’œȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŒ˜–Ȭ
™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ˜›˜ĴŽ—ǰȱȃ—˜ȱ›Ž–Ž–‹Ž›ŽǯȄȱ‘Ž’›ȱ˜•Š‘ȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱœŽŽ–œȱ˜ȱ
‹Žȱ›ŽĚŽŒ’ŸŽȱ˜ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ—Ž •¢ȱŽœŠ‹•’œ‘ŽȱŠ—ȱŠĴŠ’—Žȱœ˜Œ’˜ȬŽŒ˜—˜–’Œȱ
Š—ȱ‘Ž˜™˜•’’ŒŠ•ȱŠŸŠ—ŒŽ–Ž—œǯȱ —ȱŠŒǰȱ‘ŽȱŽœŒ›’™’ŸŽȱ–ŽŠ™‘˜›ȱ˜ȱ
—Ž ȱŒ›ŽŠ’˜—ȱǻ œŠȱŚřDZŗŞȬŗşŠǼȱ‹Žœȱœž’œȱ‘’œȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—Š•ȱŸ’Ž ȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž¡’•Žǯȱ‘Ž¢ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‘Žȱ‹Žœȱ˜ȱ‹˜‘ȱ ˜›•œȱŠœȱ žŽŠ—œȱŠ—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—œDzȱ
Šȱ—Ž ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ‘Šȱ‘Šœȱ™›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱ‘Šȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ Šœȱ™ŠœœŽȱ˜ —ǰȱ
Ž¡™Ž›’Ž—Œ’—ȱ‘Žȱž••—Žœœȱ˜ȱ–˜—˜‘Ž’œ–ǰȱ›ŽĚŽŒ’—ȱ˜—ȱ˜›Š•ȱŠ—ȱ ›’Ȭ
Ž—ȱ›Š’’˜—œǰȱŠ—ȱŒ˜–’—ȱ˜ȱŠ—ȱž—Ž›œŠ—’—ȱ‘Šȱ‘Ž¢ȱŠ›Žȱ ˜Ȃœȱ
‹Ž•˜ŸŽȱŠ—ȱŒ‘˜œŽ—ȱ’—ȱŠȱŸŠœ•¢ȱ™•ž›Š•’œ’ŒȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱœ˜Œ’Ž¢ǯ
‘ŽœŽȱŸŠ›¢’—ȱŸ’Ž œȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱž—–’œŠ”Š‹•¢ȱ’—’ŒŠŽȱ‘˜ ȱ‘Žȱ
™Ž›’˜ȱ Šœȱ™Ž›ŒŽ’ŸŽȱ‹¢ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱŠ—Œ’Ž—ȱœŒ›’‹Žœǰȱ ›’Ž›œǰȱ
Šž‘˜›œǰȱ˜›ȱ›ŽŠŒ˜›œǯŗřȱ‘Šȱ’œȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱ—˜Ž ˜›‘¢ȱ’œȱ‘˜ ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱ™›ŽȬ
Ÿ’˜žœȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȂœȱŸ’Ž ȱ Šœȱ—˜ȱ˜Š••¢ȱ’œ–’œœŽǰȱœ’•Ž—ŒŽǰȱ˜›ȱ˜–’Ȭ
ŽǯȱŠ‘Ž›ǰȱŠœȱ‘ŽȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—œȱ™›˜›ŽœœŽǰȱŠȱ—Ž ȱœŽȱ˜ȱŸ˜’ŒŽœȱ ŠœȱŠȬ
Žȱ˜ȱŒ›ŽŠŽȱŠ—ȱ˜—˜’—ȱœ˜›¢ȱ˜›ȱžž›ŽȱŠŒžŠ•’£Š’˜—ǯȱ‘Šȱ’œȱœ›’”’—ǰȱ

ŗř
ȱ Š›Ž•ȱŸŠ—ȱŽ›ȱ˜˜›—ǰȱŒ›’‹Š•ȱž•ž›ŽȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ”’—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱ’‹•ŽȱǻŠ–‹›’ŽDZȱ
Š›ŸŠ›ȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŘŖŖŝǼǯ
Şȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ’œȱ‘˜ ȱ™Šœǰȱ–˜Ž›—ǰȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ—ȱŒ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱŽ¡Š–Ȭ
’—’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ–’œœŽȱ‘ŽœŽȱŸŠ›’Š’˜—œǯȱ—ȱ ‘Ž—ȱ Žȱ
›Ž‘ŽŠ›œŽȱ‘Žȱ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱŒ›’’ŒŠ•ȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ǰȱ
›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ‹Ž’——’—ǰȱ ŽȱŒŠ—ȱž›‘Ž›ȱŠĴŽœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŸŠ›¢’—ȱŸ’Ž œǯ

ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™
’—ŒŽȱ‘Žȱ‹Ž’——’—ȱ˜ȱŒ›’’ŒŠ•ȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ǰȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢Ȭ
•˜—’Š—ȱ ŒŠ™’Ÿ’¢ǰȱ Ž¡’•Žǰȱ Ž™˜›Š’˜—ǰŗŚȱ Š—ȱ —˜ ǰȱ ‘Žȱ ˜›ŒŽȱ –’›Š’˜—œȱ
™Ž›’˜ȱ ‘Šœȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ Šȱ ȃ ŠŽ›œ‘ŽȄŗśȱ ˜›ȱ ž—Ž›œŠ—’—ȱ ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ ‘Ž˜•Ȭ
˜¢ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ˜›–Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ•’Ž›Šž›ŽǯȱŸŽ›ȱ‘Žȱ™ŠœȱŗřŖȱ¢ŽŠ›œǰȱ
—˜Š‹•ŽȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱǻ ǯȱ Š•ǰȱ ǯȱŽ••‘ŠžœŽ—ǰȱǯȱ˜‹Ž›œ˜—ȱ–’‘ǰȱǯȹǯȱ
’ŸŽ›ǰȱ ǯȱ ˜‘ǰȱ ǯȱ Š—œœŽ—ǰȱ ǯȹǯȱ ‘’•Ž¢ǰȱ ǯȱ ˜‘ǰȱ ǯȱ Œ”›¢˜ǰȱ ǯȱ
Š’Ĵǰȱǯȱ •Ž’—ǰȱǯȱŽǰȱ–’‘Ȭ‘›’œ˜™‘Ž›ǰȱŠ—ȱ˜‘Ž›œǼȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŸ˜’ŒŽȱ
‘Ž’›ȱ˜™’—’˜—ȱ˜—ȱ‘’œȱœŽ–’—Š•ȱ™Ž›’˜ǯ
•Šœœ’ŒŠ••¢ȱœ™ŽŠ”’—ǰȱ–žŒ‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–’Ȭȱ˜ȱ•ŠŽȬŗş‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ
œŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ Šœȱ—˜ȱ—ŽŒŽœœŠ›’•¢ȱŠ‹˜žȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’Ȭ
˜ȱ’œŽ•ǰȱ‹žȱ˜ŒžœŽȱ’—ȱ‘›ŽŽȱŠ›ŽŠœDZȱ‘Žȱ™›˜‹•Ž–œȱŠ—ȱšžŽœ’˜—œȱ˜ȱ
‘Ž‘Ž›ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—ŠŽžŒ‘ȱ Šœȱ™›˜žŒŽȱ‹Ž˜›Žȱ˜›ȱž›’—ȦŠŽ›ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽDzȱ
‘Žȱ–ŠŽ›’Š•ȱ˜ȱ œŠ’Š‘ȱŚŖȬśśȱǻ˜›ȱŚŖȬŜŜǼȱŠœȱ‹Ž•˜—’—ȱ˜ȱŠȱ’œ’—Œ’ŸŽȱ
Šž‘˜›ȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ȱ˜›ȱŽ•œŽ ‘Ž›ŽDzȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱœ’–™•¢ȱ‹Ž’—ȱ™Š’—Žȱ
Šœȱ‘Žȱ–˜—˜Œ‘›˜–Žȱ‹ŠŒ”›˜ž—ȱŠŠ’—œȱ‘Žȱœž¢ȱ˜ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ǰȱ£ŽȬ

ŗŚ
ȱ ŽŽȱŽœŽ›ȱ ›Š‹‹ŽǰȱȃŽĚŽŒ’˜—œȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ’œŒžœœ’˜—ǰȄȱ’—ȱŽŠ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ™Ȭ
’ŸŽDZȱȁ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽȂȱŠœȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ Ž˜•˜¢ȱǻŽǯȱŽœŽ›ȱ ›Š‹‹ŽDzȱ ž™ȱŘŝŞȦ ȱŘDzȱ
‘ŽĜŽ•DZȱ‘ŽĜŽ•ȱŒŠŽ–’Œȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşşŞǼǰȱŗŚŜȬŗśśǯȱ‘ŽȱœžŽœ’˜—ȱ˜ȱžœŽȱȃŽ™˜›Ȭ
Š’˜—Ȅȱ˜ŸŽ›ȱŠŠ’—œȱȃŽ¡’•ŽȄȱ Šœȱ›ŽŒŽ’ŸŽȱ ’‘ȱŽ—‘žœ’Šœ–ȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ–Ž–‹Ž›œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
ž›˜™ŽŠ—ȱŽ–’—Š›ȱ˜—ȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱŽ‘˜˜•˜¢ȱ ›˜ž™ǯȱǯȱŽ–Œ‘Žǰȱ‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ‘Šœȱ
ŒŠ••Žȱ˜›ȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ—ȱ‹›˜ŠŽ›ȱ—˜–Ž—Œ•Šž›Žǯȱ ȱŒ˜—Œž›ȱ ’‘ȱŽ–Œ‘Žȱ˜—ȱ ˜ȱ›˜ž—œǯȱ
’›œǰȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŒž››Ž—ȱœ›ŽŠ–œȱ˜ȱœ˜Œ’˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱŠ—ȱ™˜•’’ŒŠ•ȱœŽĴ’—œǰȱȃŽ™˜›Š’˜—Ȅȱ’œȱ
–žŒ‘ȱ˜˜ȱŒ•˜œŽ•¢ȱ’Ž—’ꮍȱ ’‘ȱȃŽ™˜›Š’˜—Ȅȱ˜›ȱȃŽ™˜›’—Ȅȱ’••ŽŠ•ȱ’––’›Š—œǯȱ
˜ȱ –ŠĴŽ›ȱ ‘˜ ȱ —Žž›Š••¢ȱ ˜ž›ȱ ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ –Š¢ȱ ‹Žȱ žœ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž›–ǰȱ ’ȱ œ’–™•¢ȱ
‘Šœȱ˜˜ȱ–Š—¢ȱž— Š—ŽȱŠĴŠŒ‘–Ž—œȱ ’‘ȱž—Žœ’›Š‹•ŽȱŸŠ›’Š‹•Žœȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱœž¢ȱ˜ȱ
‘ŽȱŜ‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯȱœȱ‹›’ŽĚ¢ȱŠ••žŽȱ˜ȱ’—ȱ—˜Žȱřǰȱ‘’œȱ‘Ž—ȱ‘Šœȱ‘Žȱ™˜Ž—’Š•ȱ
˜ȱ™›˜žŒ’—ȱž— Š—ŽȱŒ˜—žœ’˜—ȱ˜›ȱŽŸŽ—ȱŠȱ–’œ’—˜›–Žȱ›ŽŠ’—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ™˜›ŠȬ
’˜—ȱ˜ȱ žŽŠ—œȱ ‘˜ȱŠ™™ŽŠ›ȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ’—ȱ žŠ‘ȱ’••ŽŠ••¢ǯȱŽȱ—ŽŽȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱœŽ—œ’’ŸŽȱŠ—ȱ
ŒŠ›Žž•ǯȱŽŒ˜—ǰȱȃŽ™˜›Š’˜—ȄȱŠœȱŠȱŒ˜—œ›žŒȱ˜ȱŽ™’Œȱ‘ŽȱŽ—’›Žȱœ™Š—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜ‘ȱ
ŒŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯȱ’œȱ–žŒ‘ȱ˜˜ȱ—Š››˜ ǯȱ‘ŽȱŽ›–ȱŒŠ——˜ȱŽ—Œ˜–™ŠœœȱŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ’œœžŽœȱ‘Šȱ
–’›Š—œȱ˜›ȱ’––’›Š—œȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽǰȱ ‘Ž‘Ž›ȱ‘Ž¢ȱŠ›ŽȱŸ˜•ž—Š›¢ȱ˜›ȱ’—Ÿ˜•ž—Š›¢ǯȱ
˜ǰȱ”ŽŽ™’—ȱ‘ŽȱśşŝǰȱśŞŝǰȱŠ—ȱśŞŘȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—œȱ’—ȱ–’—ǰȱ–¢ȱœžŽœ’˜—ȱ’œȱȃ˜›ŒŽȱ
–’›Š’˜—œǯȄȱ ’‘ȱ ›Žœ™ŽŒȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ŸŽ›¢ȱ ŠŒȱ ˜ȱ –˜Ÿ’—ȱ ™Ž˜™•Žȱ ŠŒ›˜œœȱ ‹˜›Ž›œǰȱ ‘Žȱ
™›ŽŽ››Žȱ ŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱ œ˜Œ’˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ Ž›–ȱ ’œȱ ȃ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ǯȄȱ ȃŽœŽĴ•Ž–Ž—ǰȄȱ ‘Ž—ǰȱ ’œȱ
Š—ȱŠŽ›–Š‘ȱ˜ȱœžŒ‘ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ǯ
ŗś
ȱ ŽŽȱ ›Š‹‹ŽȂœȱȃ —›˜žŒ’˜—ǰȄȱ’—ȱŽŠ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ™’ŸŽǰȱŗŗǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ş

”’Ž•ǰȱ Š—ȱ ŽžŽ›˜Ȭ œŠ’Š‘ǯŗŜȱ —ȱ ȃ‘Žȱ ‘Š•ŽŠ—ȱ ŠœœŠ•ŠŽǰȄŗŝȱ Ž—›’Œ‘ȱ

 Š•ȱ—˜Žœȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ˜ȱȃ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŒŠ™’Ÿ’¢Ȅȱ Šœȱœ›’Œ”Ȭ
Ž—ȱ ’‘ȱœžŒ‘ȱŽŽ™ǰȱ™Ž—Ž›Š’—ȱ ˜ž—œȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ™›ŽŸ’˜žœ•¢ȱŠŒŒ˜–Ȭ
™•’œ‘Žȱ•ŽŠ›—’—ȱŠ—ȱ•’Ž›Š›¢ȱœ¢•ŽȱǻŠŸ’’ŒȱŠ—ȱ˜•˜–˜—’ŒȱŽ›ŠœǼȱŠ›Žȱ
Š••ȱ‹žȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ›ŽžŒŽǯȱ ŽȱœŠ¢œȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ˜—ŒŽȱ‘’‘•¢ȱ™›’£ŽȱŠ—ȱ
›ŽŠœž›Žȱœ›žŒž›Žȱ’—ȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱ•’Ž›Šž›ŽȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ›Ž›ŽœœŽȱ’—˜ȱ
ŸŠ›’ŽŠŽȱ Š–˜›™‘˜žœȱ Š—ȱ ž—Ȭž—’ꮍȱ œ¢•Žœǯȱ —ȱ Š•‘˜ž‘ȱ œ˜–Žȱ
Œ›Ž’ȱ’œȱ’ŸŽ—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ ˜›Ȭ™•Š¢ǰȱ•Š–Ž—ȱœ˜—œǰȱŠ—ȱ
ŽŸŽ—ȱ‘Žȱ’—ŸŽ—’˜—ȱ˜ȱŠŒ›˜œ’Œȱ™˜Ž›¢ȱ˜ȱŒŠ™ž›Žȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜Ȃœȱ™Š‘˜œǰȱ
 Š•ȱœŠ¢œǰȱȃ—ȱœ˜ȱŠ••ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŠŒœȱǽ•’Ž›Š›¢ȱœ¢•ŽœǾȱ›ŽŸŽŠ•ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽŠȱ
ŽęŒ’Ž—Œ¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱŠŽȱ’—ȱ—Š’ŸŽȱŸ’˜ž›ȱǽŸ’˜›ǾǯȄŗŞȱ ŽȱŒ˜—Œ•žŽœǰȱȃ‘Žȱ
‘˜•Žȱ•’Ž›Šž›Žȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ•ŠœȱŠŽȱ™›˜ŸŽœǰȱ‘Ž›Ž˜›Žǰȱ‘˜ ȱŽŽ™ȱ Ž›Žȱ‘Žȱ
’——Ž›ȱ ˜ž—œȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—Œ’Ž—ȱ—Š’˜—ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘˜ ǰȱ’—ȱœ™’Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ—˜‹•Žœȱ
Œ˜ž—Ž›ȱŽě˜›œȱŠ—ȱœ˜–Žȱ•˜›’˜žœȱ—Ž ȱŠŒšž’œ’’˜—œǰȱŽŸŽ›¢‘’—ȱ Šœȱ
ŠŸŠ—Œ’—ȱ’››Žœ’œ’‹•¢ȱ˜ȱŠȱꗊ•ȱŠ••ǯȄŗş
˜›ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—Ž›Š•ȱ™ž‹•’Œǰȱ‘Žȱœž‹“ŽŒȱ–ŠĴŽ›ȱ˜ȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱŽ¡’•Žȱ™›˜žŒŽȱ
Š—ȱŠž›Šȱ˜ȱ‘˜™Žȱ˜›ȱŽŸŽ›¢Š¢ȱ’ĜŒž•’ŽœȱŠ—ȱ‘Š›œ‘’™œǯŘŖȱ—ȱŽ¡Š–Ȭ
™•Žȱ ˜ȱ œžŒ‘ȱ ˜›”ȱ ’œȱ ›‘ž›ȱ Ž—›‘¢—ȱ Š—•Ž¢Ȃœȱ •ŽŠ›—Žȱ ˜›”ȱ žœ’—ȱ
‘Žȱ Š•–žǰȱ ’œ‘—Š‘ǰȱ Š—ȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ˜ȱ ‘’œȱ ’–Žȱ
ǻŽǯȹǯǰȱŠ •’—œ˜—ǰȱŠ¢Š›ǰȱ–’‘ǰȱ žŽ—Ž—ǰȱŠ—ȱ˜‘Ž›œǼǯŘŗȱžȱœŒ‘˜•ŠœȬ
’ŒŠ••¢ǰȱ’ȱ Šœȱ—˜—Žȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ‘Š—ȱ ž•’žœȱŽ••‘ŠžœŽ—ȱ ‘˜ȱŒ˜—Œ•žœ’ŸŽ•¢ȱ
œŠ–™ŽȱŠ—ȱ•Š‹Ž•Žȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽȱŠœȱŠȱŠ–Š’—ȱŠ—ȱ–˜œȱž—Œ˜—œ›žŒȬ
’ŸŽȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ’—ȱŠ—Œ’Ž—ȱ œ›ŠŽ•’Žȱ‘’œ˜›¢ǯȱŽȱ–žœȱ›ŽŒŠ••ǰȱ‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ‘Šȱ
‘’œȱŒ˜—Œ•žœ’˜—ȱ Šœȱ™›’—Œ’™Š••¢ȱ‹ŠœŽȱ˜—ȱ•ŽŠ›—’—ȱ›˜–ȱ’œŒ‘•ȱ‘Šȱ
Š›•ȱ Ž’—›’Œ‘ȱ ›Šȱ ‘Šȱ ™•ŠŒŽȱ Š••ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ •ŽŠ•ȱ –ŠŽ›’Š•ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ •ȱ
ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱŠŽ›ȱ‘Žȱ›˜™‘ŽœǰŘŘȱŠȱŒ•ŽŠ›ȱŠ—ȱ˜›–’Š‹•Žȱ‹›ŽŠ”ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ
ŗŜ
ȱ Ž—›¢ȱǯȱ Š›–Š—ǰȱž¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ ˜•¢ȱŒ›’™ž›ŽœȱǻŽǯȱ Ž˜›Žȱǯȱ›˜˜”œȱŠ—ȱ ˜‘—ȱǯȱ
ž›œDzȱ˜•ǯȱŗȱ˜ȱ’‹›Š›¢ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ’Ž›Šž›ŽDzȱŽ ȱ˜›”DZȱ‘’•’™œȱǭȱ
ž—Dzȱ’—Œ’——Š’DZȱ›Š—œ˜—ȱǭȱ˜ ŽǰȱŗŞŝŞǼǰȱŗŖřȬŗŗřǰȱŗŘŗǰȱřŝŜȬřŞřǯ
ŗŝ
ȱ Ž—›’Œ‘ȱ  Š•ǰȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ ǻ˜•ǯȱ ŚDzȱ ؗȱ ŽǯDzȱ ˜—˜—DZȱ ˜—–Š—œǰȱ ›ŽŽ—ǰȱ Š—ȱ
˜ǯǰȱŗŞŝŞǼǰȱŘśşȬŘŞŝǯ
ŗŞ
ȱ ‹’ǰȱŘŞŖǯ
ŗş
ȱ ‹’ǰȱŘŞŜǯ
ŘŖ
ȱ ˜‘—ȱ’••’Š–ȱŽŠ›œǰȱ›˜–ȱ¡’•Žȱ˜ȱŸŽ›‘›˜ DZȱȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž œȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢Ȭ
•˜—’Š—ȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽŒ˜—ȱŽ–™•Žȱǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱ›Žœ‹¢Ž›’Š—ȱ
˜Š›ȱ ˜ȱ ž‹•’ŒŠ’˜—ǰȱ ŗŞŞŗǼǰȱ Žœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱ ŗȬŜŖDzȱ Š›•ȱ Ž’—›’Œ‘ȱ ˜›—’••ǰȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ
Ž˜™•Žȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•DZȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŠ›•’Žœȱ’–Žœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ˜–Š—œȱ
ǻؗȱ ŽǯDzȱ ›Š—œǯȱ ǯȹ ǯȱ Š››ž‘Dzȱ ‘’ŒŠ˜DZȱ ‘Žȱ ™Ž—ȱ ˜ž›ȱ ž‹•’œ‘’—ȱ ˜–™Š—¢Dzȱ
˜—˜—DZȱ ŽŠ—ȱŠž•ǰȱ›Ž—Œ‘ǰȱ›žŽ‹—Ž›ȱǭȱ˜ǯǰȱŗŞşşǼǰȱŗŚśȬŗŝŚǯ
Řŗ
ȱ ›‘ž›ȱŽ—›‘¢—ȱŠ—•Ž¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱ‘ž›Œ‘DZȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
‘›’œ’Š—ȱ›Šȱǻ˜•ǯȱřDzȱŽ ȱ˜›”DZȱ‘Š›•ŽœȱŒ›’‹—Ž›Ȃœȱ˜—œȱŗŞŞŘǼǰȱřȬśŖǯ
ŘŘ
ȱ ž•’žœȱŽ••‘ŠžœŽ—ǰȱ›˜•Ž˜–Ž—Šȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•DZȱ’‘ȱŠȱŽ™›’—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›’Œ•Žȱ
œ›ŠŽ•ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ—Œ¢Œ•˜™Ž’Šȱ›’Š——’ŒŠȱǻ›Š—œǯȱ ǯȱž‘Ž›•Š—ȱ•ŠŒ”ȱŠ—ȱ••Š—ȱŽ—£’ŽœDzȱ
’—‹ž›‘DZȱŠ–ȱǭȱ‘Š›•Žœȱ•ŠŒ”ǰȱŗŞŞśǼǰȱŗȬŗřDzȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱřȬŚǰȱŚŖŗȬŚŖśǯ
ŗŖȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

™˜œ’’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘’œȱ ŽŠŒ‘Ž›ǰȱ ’Œ‘‘˜›—ǯŘřȱ —ŽŽǰȱ Ž••‘ŠžœŽ—ȱ ‘Šȱ ™›Š’œŽȱ

Š—ȱ ›Žœ™ŽŒȱ ˜›ȱ ‘Žȱ ŽŠ›•¢ȱ Š—ȱ —Šž›Š•ȱ ›Ž•’’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ ǻ™›ŽȬŽ¡’•’ŒǼǰȱ
‹žȱž—˜›ž—ŠŽ•¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ’œ–’œœŽȱ–žŒ‘ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱȃŽ¡’•’ŒȱŠ—ȱ™˜œȬŽ¡’•’ŒȄȱ
˜›”œȱŠœȱ•ŽŠ•’œ’Œȱȃ™›’Žœ•¢ȄȱŒ˜’ęŒŠ’˜—ǯȱ —ȱŠȱŒ‘Š™Ž›ȱŽ—’•Žȱȃ‘Žȱ
Š™’Ÿ’¢ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ Žœ˜›Š’˜—ǰȄȱ ‘Žȱ ŽŸ˜Žœȱ Šȱ –Ž›Žȱ ™Š›Š›Š™‘ǰȱ “žœȱ
Š‹˜žȱ  ˜ȱ ‘ž—›Žȱ ˜›œǰȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ ’—ȱ ‘Š•ŠŽŠǯȱ Žȱ ›’Žœȱ
‘Šȱ ȃ‘Ž¢ȱ ǽŽ¡’•Žȱ Ž œǾȱ •Š‹˜›Žȱ ž—Ž›ȱ –žŒ‘ȱ Ž™›Žœœ’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ œŠȬ
—Žœœǰȱ ›˜Š—’—ȱ ž—Ž›ȱ ‘Žȱ ›Š‘ȱ ˜ȱ Ž‘˜ŸŠ‘ǰȱ ‘˜ȱ ‘Šȱ ›Ž“ŽŒŽȱ ’œȱ
™Ž˜™•ŽȱŠ—ȱŒŠ—ŒŽ••Žȱ ’œȱŒ˜ŸŽ—Š—ǯȄŘŚȱ‘ŽȱŽ—’›ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ’œȱ›Ž•ŽŠŽȱ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ–Ž›Žȱ˜‹œŽ›ŸŠ—ŒŽȱ˜ȱŠœ’—ǰȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹‹Š‘ǰȱ‘Žȱ™›ŠŒ’ŒŽȱ˜ȱŒ’›Œž–Ȭ
Œ’œ’˜—ǰȱ ‘Žȱ ›’œŽȱ ˜ȱ œ¢—Š˜žŽœǰȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ ›ŽŠ’—ȱ Š•˜žȱ ˜ȱ ™›˜™‘Ž’Œȱ
›’’—œǯ
—ȱŽŒž›Žȱǰȱȃ‘Žȱ›˜™‘ŽœǰȄȱǯȱ˜‹Ž›œ˜—ȱ–’‘ȱ’œ’—ž’œ‘Žœȱ
˜Ȃœȱ›Ž•Š’˜—œ‘’™ȱ ’‘ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ‹¢ȱŽŸŽ•˜™’—ȱŠ—ȱœ›Žœœ’—ȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ
™›’ŽœœȱŽœŒ›’‹Žȱ ˜ȱŠœȱȃŠ Žœ˜–ŽȄȱŠ—ȱȃž—Š™™›˜ŠŒ‘Š‹•ŽȄȱŠ—ȱ’ȱ’œȱ
˜—•¢ȱ ‘›˜ž‘ȱ ‘Ž’›ȱ œŠŒ›’ęŒ’Š•ȱ œ¢œŽ–ȱ ‘Šȱ ™Ž˜™•Žȱ ŒŠ—ȱ ‹ŽĴŽ›ȱ ž—Ž›Ȭ
œŠ—ȱ ˜ǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ ‘Žȱ ™›˜™‘Žœȱ ’—›Ž™’•¢ȱ Ž—˜ž—ŒŽȱ ‘Šȱ Š‹žȬ
œ’ŸŽȱŠ—ȱŒ˜››ž™ȱœ¢œŽ–ȱǻ œŠȱŗDZŗŗDzȱ–˜œȱśDZŘśDzȱ Ž›ȱŝDZŘŘǼǰȱ‹˜••¢ȱŒŠ••ȱ˜›ȱ
›Ž™Ž—Š—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱ“žœ’ŒŽȱǻ“ž–Ž—ǼǰȱŠ—ȱž—ŸŽ’•ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜–™Šœœ’˜—ȱǻœŠ•Ȭ
ŸŠ’˜—ǼȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱȃ•˜Ÿ’—Ȭ”’——ŽœœȄȱ˜ȱ ˜ȱȮȱȃ’—ȱ‘Žȱ ’•Ž›—Žœœȱ’—ȱǽ˜Ǿȱ
‘Žȱ Ž¡’•ŽǯȄŘśȱ žȱ –’‘ȱ ˜˜ǰȱ •’”Žȱ Ž••‘ŠžœŽ—ǰȱ Œ˜—Œ•žœ’ŸŽ•¢ȱ œŠ¢œȱ ‘Šȱ
‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ Šœȱ—ŽŠ’ŸŽȱŠ—ȱŸŽ›¢ȱŠ–Š’—ǯ
Řř
ȱ ˜‘Š——ȱ ˜Ĵ›’Žȱ ’Œ‘‘˜›—ǰȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ ǻ›Š—œǯȱ Ž˜›Žȱ ’••¢ȱ
˜••˜™Dzȱ›’—Žȱ˜›ȱ›’ŸŠŽȱ’›Œž•Š’˜—Dzȱ˜—˜—DZȱ™˜Ĵœ ˜˜ŽȱŠ—ȱ˜ǯǰȱŗŞŞŞǼǰȱřǰȱŗşǰȱ
ŗŘŘǯ
ŘŚ
ȱ Ž›ȱ‘’œȱ™Š›Š›Š™‘ǰȱ‘Žȱ›Ž–Š’—’—ȱœŽŒ’˜—ȱ’œȱŽŸ˜Žȱ˜ȱ¢›žœǰȱ‘ŽȱŽ›œ’Š—œǰȱ›ŽœȬ
˜›Š’˜—ǰȱŠ—ȱ™›’Žœ•¢ȱŠ—ȱŽžŽ›˜—˜–’ŒȱŒ˜ŽœǯȱŽŽȱȃ‘ŽȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŽœȬ
˜›Š’˜—Ȅȱ ’—ȱ Ž••‘ŠžœŽ—ǰȱ ›˜•Ž˜–Ž—Šȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ǰȱ ŚşŘȬŚşŞǯȱ ˜›ȱ Šȱ –˜›Žȱ
›ŽŒŽ—ȱ’œŒžœœ’˜—ǰȱœŽŽȱ •Šžœȱ ›û— Š•ǰȱ¡’•ȱž—ȱ Ž—’§DZȱŽœŒ‘—Ž’ž—ǰȱŠœœŠȱž—ȱ
Š‹‹Šȱ’—ȱŽ›ȱ›’ŽœŽ›œŒ‘›’ȱǻ›Š—”ž›ȱŠ–ȱŠ’—DZȱ—˜—ȱ Š’—ǰȱŗşşŘǼDzȱ˜›‹Ž›ȱ•ŽȬ
–Ž—œȱ Šž–Š›ǰȱ ȃt‹Ž›”˜––Ž—ȱ ›Š’’˜—Ž—ȱ —Žžȱ ŠžŽŠ›‹Ž’Žȱ ž—ȱ Š—ŽŽ’—ŽDZȱ
ŽŸȱŘŜǰřȬŚśǯȱŠœȱ Ž’•’”Ž’œŽœŽĵȱ’—ȱ¡’•ȱž—ȱ’Šœ™˜›ŠǰȄȱȱŚřȱǻŗşşşǼDZȱŗȬŘśǯ
Řś
ȱ ˜‘—ȱ ǯȱ ˜Ž›œ˜—ǰȱ ȃǯȹǯȱ –’‘Ȃœȱ ‘Žȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱ ‘ž›Œ‘DZȱ œȱ
—ŽŒŽŽ—œǰȱ œȱ —ĚžŽ—ŒŽȱ Š—ȱ œȱ ‹’’—ȱ Š•žŽȄȱ ’—ȱ ’••’Š–ȱ ˜‹Ž›œ˜—ȱ –’‘DZȱ
œœŠ¢œȱ ’—ȱ ŽŠœœŽœœ–Ž—ȱ ǻŽǯȱ ’••’Š–ȱ ˜‘—œ˜—ŽDzȱ ž™ȱ ŗŞşDzȱ ‘ŽĜŽ•DZȱ ‘ŽĜŽ•ȱ
ŒŠŽ–’Œȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşşśǼǰȱŗŚŖȬŗŚŗǯȱŽŽȱ’••’Š–ȱ˜‹Ž›œ˜—ȱ–’‘ǰȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ
’—ȱ‘Žȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱ‘ž›Œ‘DZȱȱ˜ž›œŽȱ˜ȱŽŒž›Žœȱ˜—ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ›’’Œ’œ–ȱǻř›ȱŽǯDzȱ˜—˜—DZȱȱǭȱ
ȱ•ŠŒ”ǰȱǰȱŗşŘŜǼǰȱŘŝŞȬřŖŞǯȱ–’‘ȱǻ‘Žȱ›˜™‘Žœȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ•ŠŒŽȱ’—ȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ
ǽ—Ž ȱ’—›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ‹¢ȱ˜‹Ž›ȱ•ž—ȱ ˜—ŽœDzȱŽ ȱ›ž—œ ’Œ”ǰȱ DZȱ›Š—œŠŒ’˜—ȱž‹Ȭ
•’œ‘Ž›œǰȱ ŘŖŖŘȱ ǿ˜›’’—Š•ȱ ™›’—ȱ ŗşŖŘȀǾǰȱ řŝŗȬřŝŘǼȱ ž›‘Ž›ȱ —˜Žȱ ȃžȱ ˜ȱ ŽŸŽ•˜™ȱ ‘ŽœŽȱ
Š—ȱŠ••ȱ‘Žȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ’ŽŠœȱ‘ŠȱŒ˜–Žȱ‹Ž˜›Žȱžœȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽŠȱ™›˜™‘ŽŒ’Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ‘Š•ŠŽȬ
Š—ȱ™Ž›’˜ǰȱ˜ȱ›ŠŒŽȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜ž›œŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ—Ž ȱ›Ž•’’˜žœȱ’œœžŽœȱ‘Šȱœ‘Š™Žȱ‘Ž–œŽ•ŸŽœȱ’—ȱ
‘ŽȱŽŒ•’—ŽȱŠ—ȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ žŠŽŠ—ȱ ’—˜–ǰȱŠ—ȱꗊ••¢ȱ’—ȱŽ¡’•ŽȱŠ—ȱ›Žœ˜›Š’˜—ǰȱ
˜ž•ȱ‹ŽȱŠȱŠœ”ȱŠœȱ•Š›ŽȱŠœȱ‘Šȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ Žȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŠ•›ŽŠ¢ȱŠŒŒ˜–™•’œ‘ŽǰȱŠ—ȱ–žœȱ‹Žȱ
›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱ˜›ȱŠȱžž›Žȱ˜™™˜›ž—’¢ǯȄ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ŗŗ

‘ŽȱŽœ›žŒ’ŸŽȱŠ—ȱ—ŽŠ’ŸŽȱŽěŽŒœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽȱŠ›Žȱž›‘Ž›ȱŒŠ™Ȭ
ž›ŽȱŠ—ȱŽ—ž–Ž›ŠŽȱ‹¢ȱŽ›—‘Š›ȱž‘–ǰȱ‹›Š‘Š–ȱ žŽ—Ž—ǰȱ›Š—Ȭ
Œ’œȱ ›˜ —ǰȱ ˜•ȱ ˜œŽ—£ Ž’ǰȱ Ž›—Š›ȱ ŠŽǰȱ ‹Ž›‘Š›ȱ Œ‘›ŠŽ›ǰȱ
›Š—£ȱŽ•’ĵœŒ‘ǰȱǯȹǯȱ›’ŸŽ›ǰȱž˜•ȱ ’ĴŽ•ǰȱǯȹ ǯȱ‘Ž¢—Žǰȱ Š›•ȱžŽǰȱ
ž˜•ȱ–Ž—ǰȱǯȹǯȱŠŸ’œ˜—ǰȱ’••’Š–ȱŠ’—Ž¢ȱ Š›™Ž›ǰȱǯȹǯȱŽ›Ȭ
‘˜•ŽǰȱǯȹǯȹǯȱŽœŽ›•Ž¢ȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž˜˜›Žȱ ǯȱ˜‹’—œ˜—ǰȱ˜‹Ž›ȱ Ž—›¢ȱ
Ž’쎛ǰȱ ‘Ž˜˜›žœȱ ǯȱ ›’Ž£Ž—ǰȱ  Š›ȱ ǯȱ ˜ž—ǰȱ Š›˜•ȱ Ž—›¢ȱ
˜ •Ž¢ǰȱŠ—ȱ˜•™‘Žȱ˜ǯȱ‘’œȱŽ—’›ŽȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ–Š’—Ȭ
Š’—Žȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ Šœȱ’—ŽŽȱ–˜œȱž—Œ˜—œ›žŒ’ŸŽǯŘŜ
ŘŜ
ȱ Ž›—‘Š›ȱ ž‘–ǰȱ ’Žȱ ‘Ž˜•˜’Žȱ Ž›ȱ ›˜™‘ŽŽ—ȱ Š•œȱ ›ž—•ŠŽȱ û›ȱ ’Žȱ ’——Ž›Žȱ — ’Œ”Ȭ
•ž—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘ŽȱŽ›ȱ’œ›ŠŽ•’’œŒ‘Ž—ȱŽ•’’˜—ȱǻ˜——DZȱŽ›•ŠȱŸ˜—ȱ˜•™‘ȱŠ›ŒžœǰȱŗŞŝśǼǰȱ
ŗşŚȬŘŜřDzȱ’Ž–ǰȱŠœȱžŒ‘ȱ ŽœŠ’Šȱǻ ãĴ’—Ž—DZȱŠ—Ž—‘˜ŽŒ”ȱž—ȱž™›ŽŒ‘ǰȱŗşŖŘǼǰȱŘśŗȬ
ŘśŚDzȱ‹›Š‘Š–ȱ žŽ—Ž—ǰȱŽ•’’˜—ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱŠŽȱǻ˜•ǯȱŘDzȱ›Š—œǯȱ
›˜–ȱ žŒ‘ȱ ‹¢ȱ •›Žȱ ŽŠ‘ȱ Š¢œDzȱ ˜—˜—Ȧ’—‹ž›‘DZȱ ’••’Š–œȱ Š—ȱ ˜›ŠŽǰȱ
ŗŞŞŘǼǰȱşŞȬŘŖŗDzȱœŽŽȱŠ•œ˜ǰȱŗȬŝŝDzȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱŗŗşDzȱ›Š—Œ’œȱ›˜ —ǰȱœœ¢›’˜•˜¢DZȱ œȱœŽȱŠ—ȱ
‹žœŽȱ ’—ȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ ž¢ȱ ǻŽ ȱ ˜›”DZȱ ‘Š›•Žœȱ Œ›’‹—Ž›Ȃœȱ ˜—œǰȱ ŗŞŞśǼǰȱ řŗȬřŞǰȱ
ŚŝȬŞŚDzȱ˜•ȱ˜œŽ—£ Ž’ǰȱŠœȱ Š‘›‘ž—Ž›ȱ—ŠŒ‘ȱŽ–ȱ‹Š‹¢•˜—’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ¡’•ȱ–’ȱ‹Žœ˜—ŽȬ
›Ž›ȱûŒ”œ’Œ‘ȱŠžȱ’Žȱ›Ž•’’㜎ȱ— ’Œ”•ž—ȱŽœȱ žŽ—ž–œȱǻŽ›•’—DZȱȱû––Ž•Ž›œȱŽ›Ȭ
•Šœ‹žŒ‘‘Š—•ž—ǰȱ ŗŞŞśǼDzȱ Ž›—‘Š›ȱ ŠŽǰȱ ŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žȱ Žœȱ ˜•”Žœȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ ǻŽ›•’—DZȱ ǯȱ
›˜ŽǰȱŗŞŞŞǼǰȱřȬŘŚDzȱ‹Ž›‘Š›ȱŒ‘›ŠŽ›ǰȱž—Ž’˜›–ȱ —œŒ›’™’˜—œȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ǰȱ
ǻ˜•ǯȱŘDzȱ›Š—œǯȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱœŽŒ˜—ȱŽ—•Š›Žȱ Ž›–Š—ȱŽ’’˜—ǰȱ Ž—ȱǯȱ‘’Ž‘˜žœŽǰȱ
˜—˜—Ȧ’—‹ž›‘DZȱ’••’Š–œȱŠ—ȱ˜›ŠŽǰȱŗŞŞŞǼǰȱŗŖŗȬŗŘŖDzȱ›Š—£ȱŽ•’ĵœŒ‘ǰȱ ŽœȬ
œ’Š—’Œȱ›˜™‘ŽŒ’Žœȱ’—ȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱžŒŒŽœœ’˜—ȱǻ›Š—œǯȱŠ–žŽ•ȱ ŸŽœȱž›’œœDzȱ’—‹ž›‘DZȱȱ
ǭȱȱ•Š›”ǰȱŗŞşŗǼǰȱŝŚǰȱŗŞŞȬŘŖŗDzȱǯȹǯȱ›’ŸŽ›ǰȱ—ȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’Ž›Šž›Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱ
ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ ǻ’‘‘ȱ ’’˜—Dzȱ Ž ȱ ˜›”DZȱ ‘Š›•Žœȱ Œ›’‹—Ž›Ȃœȱ ˜—œǰȱ ŗŞşŞȱ ǽŗŞşŗǾǼǰȱ ŘŖśǰȱ
ŘřŖȬŘřŞǰȱŘŚŜȬŘśŖǰȱŘŝŞȬŘŝşDzȱž˜•ȱ ’ĴŽ•ǰȱȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œȱǻ˜•ǯȱŘDzȱ›Š—œǯȱ ˜™Žȱ
ǯȱ ˜ȱŠ—ȱǯȹǯȱ™Ž’›œDzȱ˜—˜—Ȧ’—‹ž›‘DZȱ’••’Š–œȱŠ—ȱ˜›ŠŽǰȱŗŞşŜǼǰȱřŞśȬ
řşśDzȱ ’Ž–ǰȱ ’Žȱ ‹Š‹¢•˜—’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ žœ›Š‹ž—Ž—ȱ ž—ȱ ’Žȱ ‹’‹•’œŒ‘Žȱ ›ŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žȱ ǻŽ’™£’DZȱ
ǯȱ Ž’Œ‘Ž›ǰȱ ŗşŖřǼDzȱ ’Ž–ǰȱ ’Žȱ Ž•’’˜—ȱ Žœȱ ˜•”Žœȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ ǻŽ’™£’DZȱ Ž›•Šȱ žŽ••Žȱ ǭȱ
Ž¢Ž›ǰȱŗşŘŗǼǰȱŗŘřȬŗŚŗDzȱ’Ž–ǰȱ ŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žȱ˜•”Žœȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱǻžĴŠ›DZȱŽ›•Šȱ˜—ȱ ǯȱ ˜‘•Ȭ
‘Š––Ž›ǰȱŗşŘŝǼǰȱŘŞȬŗŘŝDzȱ‘˜–Šœȱ Ž••¢ȱ‘Ž¢—ŽǰȱŠœȱ›Ž•’’㜎ȱŽ‹Ž—ȱŽ›ȱ žŽ—ȱ—ŠŒ‘ȱŽ–ȱ
¡’•ȱǻ ’ŽđŽ—DZȱ ǯȱ’Œ”Ž›ȂœŒ‘ŽȱŽ›•Šœ‹žŒ‘‘Š—•ž—ǰȱŗŞşşǼDzȱ’Ž–ǰȱŽŒ•’—ŽȱŠ—ȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ ’—˜–ȱ˜ȱ žŠ‘ȱǻ˜—˜—DZȱǯȱŠ—ȱǯȱ•ŠŒ”ǰȱŗşŖŞǼǰȱśŜȬŞŚDzȱ Š›•ȱžŽǰȱ‘ŽȱŽ•’Ȭ
’˜—ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ¡’•Žȱǻ˜—˜—DZȱ ǯȹǯȱž—Š–Ȃœȱ˜—œǰȱŗŞşşǼǰȱŗŞŗȬŘŗŞDzȱž˜•ȱ–Ž—ǰȱ
Ž‘›‹žŒ‘ȱ Ž›ȱ •ĴŽœŠ–Ž—•’Œ‘Ž—ȱ Ž•’’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žȱ ǻŽ’™£’ȱ ž—ȱ û‹’—Ž—DZȱ Ž›•Šȱ
Ÿ˜—ȱ ǯȹǯȹǯȱ˜‘›ȱǻŠž•ȱ’Ž‹ŽŒ”ǼǰȱŗŞşşǼǰȱřřŘȬřŚŗDzȱ’Ž–ǰȱ’ŽȱŽ•’’˜—ȱŽœȱ˜•”Žœȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ
‹’œȱ £ž›ȱ Ž›‹Š——ž—ȱ ǻ ’ŽđŽ—DZȱ ǯȱ ’Œ”Ž›ȂœŒ‘Žȱ Ž›•Šœ‹žŒ‘‘Š—•ž—ǰȱ ŗşŖŖǼǰȱ ŗŝřȬŘŖśDzȱ
—›Ž ȱ›žŒŽȱŠŸ’œ˜—ǰȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ›˜™‘ŽŒ¢ȱǻŽǯȱ ǯȹǯȱŠŽ›œ˜—Dzȱ’—‹ž›‘DZȱȱ
ǭȱȱ•Š›”ǰȱŗşŖŚǼǰȱřŞřȬřŞşDzȱ’••’Š–ȱŠ’—Ž¢ȱ Š›™Ž›ǰȱ‘Žȱ›˜™‘Ž’Œȱ•Ž–Ž—ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱ
ŽœŠ–Ž—DZȱ—ȱ’ȱ˜ȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱž¢ȱǻ‘’ŒŠ˜DZȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’ŒŠ˜ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşŖśǼǰȱ
ŞDzȱ ǯȹǯȱ Ž›‘˜•Žǰȱ ’‹•’œŒ‘Žȱ ‘Ž˜•˜’Žȱ Žœȱ •Ž—ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—œȱ ǻû‹’—Ž—DZȱ Ž›•Šȱ Ÿ˜—ȱ
ǯȹǯȹǯȱ˜‘›ȱǻŠž•ȱ’Ž‹ŽŒ”ǼǰȱŗşŗŗǼǰȱŞŘȬŞřǰȱřřŞȬşǰȱŚŚŘDzȱ Ž˜›ŽȱžŒ‘Š—Š—ȱ ›Š¢ǰȱȱ›’’Ȭ
ŒŠ•ȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱǻŽ ȱ˜›”DZȱ‘Š›•ŽœȱŒ›’‹—Ž›Ȃœȱ˜—œǰȱŗşŗřǼǰȱŝŜǰȱ
ŗŝŞȬŗŞŞDzȱĴ˜ȱ’œœŽ•ǰȱ œ›ŠŽ•œȱ ŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žȱǻû‹’—Ž—DZȱŽ›•ŠȱŸ˜—ȱ ǯȹǯȹǯȱ˜‘›ȱǻŠž•ȱ
’Ž‹ŽŒ”ǼǰȱŗşŗŚǼǰȱŚŞȬŚşDzȱǯȹǯȹǯȱŽœŽ›•Ž¢ȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž˜˜›Žȱ ǯȱ˜‹’—œ˜—ǰȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱŽ•’Ȭ
’˜—DZȱ œȱ›’’—œȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱǻؗȱŽǯDzȱ˜—˜—DZȱǯȹǯȹǯȹ ǯȱŗşśŘȱǽŗşřŖǾȱǼǰȱŘŝŗȬŘŞŞDzȱ
‘Ž˜˜›Žȱ ǯȱ˜‹’—œ˜—ǰȱȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱǻ˜•ǯȱŗDzȱ›Ž™›ǯDzȱ¡˜›DZȱ•Š›Ž—˜—ȱ›Žœœǰȱ
ŗşřŚȱǽŗşřŘǾǼǰȱŚŘşȬŚŜŚDzȱǯȹǯȹǯȱŽœŽ›•¢ǰȱȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱǻ˜•ǯȱŘDzȱ›Ž™›ǯDzȱ¡˜›DZȱ•Š›Ȭ
ŗŘȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

‘Žȱ‹’›‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–˜Ž›—ȱ˜›ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—œž’—ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—Ȃœȱ ˜›”ȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž¡’•’Œȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ‹Ž’—œȱ ’‘ȱ Š›’—ȱ ˜‘Ȃœȱ ŽœœŠ¢ȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ œ’—’ęŒŠ—ŒŽȱ
˜ȱ śŞŝŘŝȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ ȃŽȱ ˜ȱ œœ¢›’Š—ȱ Š—ȱ Ž˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ ˜ Ž›Ȅȱ ’—ȱ
ŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žȱ œ›ŠŽ•œǯȱ •‘˜ž‘ȱ ‘Žǰȱ ˜˜ǰȱ ŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽȱ ‘Žȱ ŽŒ•’—Žȱ Š—ȱ
Š••ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ǰȱ‘Žȱ—ŽŸŽ›‘Ž•ŽœœȱœŠŽœǰȱȃ–’ĴŽ•¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ’–™˜›Š—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ
‘’œȱ›˜ž™ȱǽ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ¡’•ŽǾȱ–žœȱ—˜ȱ‹ŽȱŽ¡ŠŽ›ŠŽǯȄŘŞȱ˜›ȱ˜‘ǰȱ
‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ’—Ž›Žœȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜–™˜œ’’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ™›˜ŸŽ—Š—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽžŽ›Ȭ
˜—˜–’œ’Œȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ Šœȱ‘’œȱ™›’–Š›¢ȱ˜‹“ŽŒ’ŸŽǰȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱž—˜›ž—ŠŽ•¢ȱ
—ŽŸŽ›ȱ˜ȱŠ›˜ž—ȱ˜ȱž••¢ȱ›ŽŒ˜—œ›žŒ’—ȱ žŠ‘Ȃœȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǯ
ǯȱ Š—œœŽ—ȱ’—ȱ žŠȱ’—ȱŽ›ȱ¡’•œ£Ž’ŘşȱŠ›žŽœȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱ
˜ȱ žŠ‘Ȃœȱ˜Š•ȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ’œȱ‘’‘•¢ȱœ™ŽŒž•Š’ŸŽȱŠ—ȱœž‹“ŽŒ’ŸŽǯȱ Žȱ
Œ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ’œ–’œœŽœȱ‘ŽȱŘȱ ’—œȂȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱŠœȱ’Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱŠ—ȱ
Š›žŽœȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱȃ™˜˜›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—Ȅȱ˜›ȱȃ‘Žȱ™Ž˜™•Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ǰȄȱŠ•‘˜ž‘ȱ
’œŒ›Ž’Žȱ‹¢ȱ‘ŽȱŽžŽ›˜—˜–’œǰȱ–žœȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‘ŠȱŠȱ™›˜–’—Ž—ȱ›˜•Žȱ
’‘’—ȱ‘Žȱ›ž’—œȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•Žǯȱ Š—œœŽ—ȱ–Š’—Š’—œȱ‘Šȱ ˜›œ‘’™ǰȱ ’‘ȱ
Š—ȱŠ•Š›ȱǻ£›ŠȱřǼǰȱŒ˜—’—žŽȱ’—ȱ žŠ‘ȱŽŸŽ—ȱŠŽ›ȱ‘ŽȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž–™•Žǯȱžȱ Š—œœŽ—ǰȱ•’”Žȱ˜‘ǰȱŒ˜—’—žŽȱ‘Žȱœ›ŽŠ–ȱ˜ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ
œ›Žœœ’—ȱ‘Žȱ—ŽŠ’Ÿ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ ‘’•ŽȱŠŒ”—˜ •Ž’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜›–ŠȬ
’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜–™˜œ’’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽžŽ›˜—˜–’Œȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ˜˜”ȱ˜ȱ
Š–Ž—Š’˜—œǯřŖ
ȱœž‹œŠ—’ŸŽȱœ‘’ȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ‹Ž’—œȱ ’‘ȱǯȹǯȱ‘’•Ž¢Ȃœȱǻšž˜Ȭ
’—ȱ ǯȹǯȱ˜˜›ŽǼȱ‘Žȱ¡’•’ŒȱŽǯȱ‘’•Ž¢ȱŒŠ›Žž••¢ȱ˜‹œŽ›ŸŽȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ

Ž—˜—ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşśŗȱǽŗşřŘǾǼǰȱřȬŜŘDzȱ˜‹Ž›ȱ ǯȱŽ’쎛ǰȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ

ǻŽ ȱ ˜›”Ȧ˜—˜—DZȱ Š›™Ž›ȱ ǭȱ ›˜‘Ž›œǰȱ ŗşŚŗǼǰȱ ŚşŗȬŚşŘǰȱ ŚşŞȬśŖŖǰȱ śřŘȬśŚşDzȱ ‘ǯȹǯȱ
›’Ž£Ž—ǰȱžȬ’œ›ŠŽ•’Ž’œŒ‘Žȱ ŽœŒ‘›’Ž—ȱǻŽ›Ÿ’›ŽDZȱŽ—ȱ ŠŠǰȱŗşŚŞǼǰȱŗŜŘȬŗşŜDzȱ Š›ȱ
ǯȱ˜ž—ǰȱ—ȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱǻ ›Š—ȱŠ™’œǰȱ DZȱŽ›–Š—œǰȱŗşŚşǼǰȱ
ŘŘřȬŘřřǰȱŘřŚȬŘŚŘDzȱ Š›˜•ȱ Ž—›¢ȱ˜ •Ž¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ ›˜ ‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱǻ˜—˜—Ȧ
Ž ȱ˜›”DZȱ žŒ‘’—œ˜—Ȃœȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ’‹›Š›¢ǰȱŗşśŖǼǰȱŝŘȬŝřǰȱşŗǰȱşŚȬşśǰȱŗŖŜDzȱ˜•™‘Žȱ
˜œǰȱ ’œ˜›’ŽȱŽŠȱ’Ž›Šž›Žȱ ·‹›ŠÊšžŽȱŽȱ ž’ŸŽDZȱŽ™ž’œȱŽœȱ›’’—œȱ“žœšžȂ¥ȱŠȱž’—Žȱ
ŽȱȂŽŠȱ ž’ȱǻŗřśȱŠ™›¸œȱ ǯȬǯǼȱǻŠ›’œDZȱŠ¢˜ǰȱŗşśŖǼǰȱŚŜŖȬŚşŜǯ
Řŝ
ȱ Š›’—ȱ˜‘ǰȱȃŠȱŒŠŠœ›˜™‘ŽȱŽȱ ·›žœŠ•Ž–ȱŽ—ȱ•ȂŠ—ȱśŞŝȱŠŸŠ—ȱ ŽœøœȬ‘›’œȱŽȱœŠȱœ’Ȭ
—’ęŒŠ’˜—ȱ™˜ž›ȱ œ›ŠŽ•Ȅȱ ™‘ȱřřȱǻŗşśřǼDZȱŞŗȬŗŗŖDzȱ ǰȱȃ’Žȱ ŠŠœ›˜™‘ŽȱŸ˜—ȱ Ž›žœŠȬ
•Ž–ȱ’–ȱ Š‘›ŽȱśŞŝȱŸǯȹ‘›ǯȱ—ȱ’‘›ŽȱŽŽžž—ȱû›ȱ œ›ŠŽ•Ȅȱ’—ȱ ŽœŠ––Ž•Žȱž’Ž—ȱ£ž–ȱ
•Ž—ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱǻž—’Œ‘DZȱ Š’œŽ›ǰȱŗşŜŖǼǰȱřŚŜȬřŝŗDzȱȱȃ‘Žȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱŠŠœ›˜™‘Žȱ˜ȱ
śŞŝȱȱŠ—ȱ œȱ’—’ęŒŠ—ŒŽȱ˜›ȱ œ›ŠŽ•Ȅȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ œȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—ŠŽžŒ‘ȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž›ȱœœŠ¢œȱ
ǻ›Š—œǯȱǯȹǯȱ™Ȭ‘˜–ŠœDzȱ’—›˜ǯȱ˜›–Š—ȱǯȱ˜›Ž˜žœDzȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱ˜››Žœœȱ›Žœœǰȱ
ŗşŜŝǼǰȱŘŜŖȬŘŞŖǯ
ŘŞ
ȱ Š›’—ȱ˜‘ǰȱ’Žȱ ŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žȱ œ›ŠŽ•œȱǻؗȱŽǯDzȱ ãĴ’—Ž—DZȱŠ—Ž—‘˜ŽŒ”ȱǭȱž™›ŽŒ‘ǰȱ
ŗşśŚǼDzȱȱ‘Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱǻŽ ȱ˜›”DZȱ Š›™Ž›ȱǭȱ›˜‘Ž›œǰȱŗşŜŞǼǰȱŘŞŞȬŘşŞǯȱ˜‘ȱ
Œ˜—’—žŽœȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ›Š’’˜—ȱ˜ȱŽ••‘ŠžœŽ—ǰȱ ‘˜ȱ’—’’Š••¢ȱ™›˜™˜œŽȱ›ŽžŒ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŒŽ—Ȭ
›Š•’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ¡’•Žȱ˜ȱŒ’›Œž–Œ’œ’˜—ǰȱ‘Žȱ›Žž•Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹‹Š‘ǰȱŠ—ȱ
›’Žœ•¢ȱŒ˜ŽœǯȱŽŽȱ™™ǯȱŘşŜȬŘşŝǯ
Řş
ȱ ǯȱ Š—œœŽ—ǰȱ žŠȱ’—ȱŽ›ȱ¡’•œ£Ž’DZȱ’—ȱŽ’›Šȱ£ž›ȱ›ŠŽȱŽ›ȱ—œŽ‘ž—ȱŽœȱ žŽ—ž–œȱ
ǻȱŜşDzȱ ãĴ’—Ž—DZȱŠ—Ž—‘˜ŽŒ”ȱǭȱž™›ŽŒ‘ǰȱŗşśŜǼǯ
řŖ
ȱ Š—œœŽ—ǰȱ žŠȱ’—ȱŽ›ȱ¡’•œ£Ž’ǰȱŘŚȬśŜDzȱŗŖśȬŗŗśǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ŗř

Ŝ‘ȱ ŒŽ—ž›¢ȱ ǯȹǯȹǯȱ ‘Šȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ Šȱ ¢—Š–’Œȱ ŠŽȱ ˜ȱ ’—Ž••ŽŒžŠ•ȱ –˜ŸŽȬ
–Ž—œȱ•’”ŽȱŠ˜’œ–ȱ’—ȱ‘’—Šǰȱ‘Žȱ™Š—’œ‘Šœȱ˜ȱ™›ŽȬž‘’œ–ǰȱ ’—Ȭ
ž’œ–ȱ’—ȱ —’Šǰȱ˜›˜Šœ›’Š—’œ–ȱ’—ȱ ›Š—ǰȱ‘Žȱ›™‘’ŒȬ¢‘Š˜›ŽŠ—ȱ’—ȱ
›ŽŽŒŽǰȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱ™›˜™‘Žœǯȱ‘Šȱ’œȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ—˜Žȱ’œȱ‘Žȱ
’ŽŠȱ ‘Šȱ œ›ŠŽ•Ȃœȱ ›Žœ™˜—œŽȱ •’Ž›Šž›Žœȱ ˜˜”ȱ ˜—ȱ Šȱ –˜›Žȱ –ŽŠ—’—ž•ȱ
—Šž›Žȱ’—ȱŒ˜–™Š›’œ˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•’”Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ”—˜ —ȱ•’Ž›Šž›Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜ‘ȱ
ŒŽ—ž›¢ȱ ǯȹǯȹǯȱ ‘’œȱ ‹ŽŒŠ–Žȱ ŽŸŽ›ȱ œ˜ȱ —˜Ž ˜›‘¢ȱ ‹ŽŒŠžœŽȱ ‘’•Ž¢ȱ
œŠ ȱ‘Žȱ̞’’¢ȱ˜ȱŽ¡Œ‘Š—Žœȱ˜ȱ’ŽŠœȱŠ—ȱ–˜ŸŽ–Ž—œȱ˜ȱ™Ž˜™•Žœȱ’—ȱ
‘ŽȱŜ‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ¡’•Žȱ’œȱŽŽ–ŽȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱœ’Ȭ
—’ęŒŠ—ȱ˜›ȱ‘’•Ž¢ȱŠ—ȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ˜ŒŒ’Ž—Š•ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ
‹ŽŒŠžœŽȱ˜žȱ˜ȱ™Š’—ȱŠ—ȱ‘Š›œ‘’™ǰȱ‘’œȱ™˜ Ž›ž•ȱŠ—ȱœžœŠ’—Š‹•Žȱ•’Ȭ
Ž›Šž›Žȱ›Žœž•Žǯȱ‘žœǰȱŽŸŽ›¢ȱ–Š“˜›ȱ ˜›”ȱ–Ž—’˜—’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ’—ȱ‹’‹Ȭ
•’ŒŠ•ǰȱ™‘’•˜œ˜™‘’ŒŠ•ǰȱŠ—ȱŽ™’œŽ–˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜›”œȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŗşŘŖœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
ŗşśŖœȱ’œȱ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱ’œŒžœœŽȱǻŽǯȹǯǰȱǯȹǯȱ˜‘˜žœŽǰȱǯȹǯȱ˜˜”ǰȱ
Ž›‹Ž›ȱžĴŽ›ęŽ•ǰȱ ǯȱŠ—ȱ ǯȹǯȱ›Š—”˜›ǰȱ ǯȹ ǯȱŽ••œǰȱ ǯȹǯȱ›’‘ǰȱ
ǯȹǯȱ•‹›’‘Ǽǯȱ‘’•Ž¢ȱœŠŽœȱ‘Šȱ’—ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȂœȱŽŸŠœŠ’˜—ȱž›’—ȱ‘Žȱ
Ŝ‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯǰȱ‘Žȱ–˜œȱ›’ž–™‘Š•ȱ™›˜žŒȱ ŠœȱŽŒ˜—ȱ œŠ’Š‘ȱȮȱ
ȃ‘Žȱ–˜œȱœž‹•’–ŽȱŽ¡™›Žœœ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱ›Ž•’’˜—ǰȱŠœȱ Ž••ȱŠœȱ‘Žȱ–˜œȱ
™›˜˜ž—ȱ‘˜ž‘ȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱŠ¢ǯȄřŗ
˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ’ȱ Šœȱ—˜ȱž—’•ȱ‘Žȱ ˜›”ȱ˜ȱŽŽ›ȱŒ”›˜¢ȱ‘Šȱ ŽȱœŽŽȱ
Šȱ ŽŽ™Ž›ȱ Š™™›ŽŒ’Š’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ Šȱ –˜›Žȱ ™˜œ’’ŸŽȱ ˜›’Ž—Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ
™Ž›’˜ȱ ‘’•Žȱœ’–ž•Š—Ž˜žœ•¢ȱŠŒ”—˜ •Ž’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ››’‹•ŽȱŠŽ›–Š‘ǯȱ
—ȱœ‘˜›ǰȱ‘ŽȱŸ˜’ŒŽœȱŠ—ȱ ˜›”œȱ˜ȱ‘’•Ž¢ȱŠ—ȱŒ”›˜¢ȱ–Š¢ȱ‹Žȱ‘ŽŠ›ȱ
Š—ȱ œŽŽ—ȱ Šœȱ Œ˜ž—Ž›™˜’—œȱ ˜ȱ Ž••‘ŠžœŽ—ȱ Š—ȱ ˜‹Ž›œ˜—ȱ –’‘ǯȱ
–™‘Šœ’£’—ȱ‘Žȱ¢—Š–’Œȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱŠ—ȱ ’Žœ™›ŽŠȱ•’Ž›Š›¢ȱŠŒ’ŸȬ
’¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•Žǰȱ Œ”›˜¢ȱ —˜Žœȱ ‘Šȱ ‘Žȱ œ’žŠ’˜—ȱ ’—ȱ Š‹¢•˜—’Šȱ Šœȱ
’ĜŒž•ȱ ˜ȱ ŽœŒ›’‹Žȱ ’‘ȱ Š—¢ȱ ™›ŽŒ’œ’˜—ǯřŘȱ žȱ ‘Žȱ ˜Žœȱ ™˜’—Š—•¢ȱ
™˜’—ȱ˜žȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱŜ‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯȱ Šœȱ‘Žȱ–˜œȱŽ—ž’—Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ’—ȱ
œ›ŠŽ•Ȃœȱ›Ž˜›–Š’˜—ȱǻŽ˜›–Š’˜—ǵǼǯȱŒ”›˜¢ȱœŽŽœȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽȱŠœȱŠȱ›ŽŠ•ȱ
ŽŸŽ—ǰȱŠȱ’–Žȱ˜ȱ“ž–Ž—ȱ‹žȱŠ•œ˜ȱ˜ȱ™›˜Ÿ’Ž—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱ˜˜—ŽœœȱȮȱŠȱ
™Ž›’˜ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•Ȃœȱ—Ž ȱ•’ŽȱŠ—ȱ—Ž ȱ‹’›‘ȱ‘Šȱ›Žœž•Žȱ›˜–ȱ’œŠœŽ›ǯřřȱ
—ȱŒ˜—›Šœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜ŸŽ›Š••ȱ™ŠœȱŽœ›žŒ’ŸŽȱ’–ŠŽœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žǰȱ‘Žȱ’—ŽȬ
—’˜žœ•¢ȱ›ŽŽŽ–œȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ‹¢ȱŒŠ••’—ȱ’ȱŠȱȃŒ›ŽŠ’ŸŽȱŠŽǯȄřŚ
Š–Žœȱ Š—Ž›œȱ ‘Šœȱ ŒŠ››’Žȱ ‘’œȱ ŽŸŽ—ȱ ž›‘Ž›ȱ ‹¢ȱ œŠ¢’—ȱ ‘Šȱ ‘Žȱ
Ž¡’•Žȱ ŠœȱȃdzȱǽǾ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ’—ȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ ‘Ž—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—œȱ
˜›ŒŽȱ –˜œȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ’—‘Š‹’Š—œȱ ˜ȱ žŠ‘ȱ Š—ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱ ˜ȱ –’›ŠŽȱ
řŗ
ȱ ‘Š›•Žœȱ›Š—Œ’œȱ‘’•Ž¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ¡’•’ŒȱŽȱǻŽœ™˜›ǰȱ˜——ǯDZȱ ›ŽŽ— ˜˜ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşśŝǼǰȱ
ŗśŘǯ
řŘ
ȱ ŽŽ›ȱŒ”›˜¢ǰȱ¡’•ŽȱŠ—ȱŽœ˜›Š’˜—ȱǻDzȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱŽœ–’—œŽ›ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşŜŞǼǰȱ
řŗǯ
řř
ȱ Œ”›˜¢ǰȱ¡’•ŽȱŠ—ȱŽœ˜›Š’˜—ǰȱŘřŚȬŘŚŝǯ
řŚ
ȱ Œ”›˜¢ǰȱ¡’•ŽȱŠ—ȱŽœ˜›Š’˜—ǰȱřŗǯ
ŗŚȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

›˜–ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ—Š’ŸŽȱ‘˜–Žœȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Šǯȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱŠŽœȱ›˜–ȱŽ’‘Ž›ȱ
‘ŽȱꛜȱŽ™˜›Š’˜—ȱ’—ȱśşŞȦŝȱȱ˜›ǰȱ–˜›ŽȱŒ˜––˜—•¢ǰȱ‘ŽȱœŽŒ˜—ȱ’—ȱ
śŞŝǰȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ’Œȱ˜ȱ¢›žœȱ’—ȱśřŞdzȱǽ Ǿȱ ŠœȱŠȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ›Ž–Š›”Š‹•Žȱ˜›ȱ
’œȱ ™›˜™‘Ž’Œȱ Š—ȱ •’Ž›Š›¢ȱ ŠŒ’Ÿ’¢ǯȄřśȱ Žȱ Œ˜—Œ•žŽœȱ ‘Žȱ Ž—›¢ȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ
—Ž›™›ŽŽ›Ȃœȱ’Œ’˜—Š›¢ȱ˜—ȱȃ¡’•ŽȄȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ˜••˜ ’—ȱ ˜›œǰȱȃžȱ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ¡’•Žǰȱ žŠ’œ–ȱ Šœȱ‹˜›—ǯȱ‘Žȱ¡’•Žȱ’œȱŠȱ‘Žȱ‘ŽŠ›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ
ž—Ž›œŠ—’—ȱ˜ȱ’Ÿ’—Žȱ“ž–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱ›ŽŸŽ•Š’˜—ǯȱ ȱ Šœȱ‘ŽȱŒ›žŒ’‹•Žȱ
˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȂœȱŠ’‘ǯȄřŜ
ŽĚŽŒ’—ȱ˜—ȱ œ›ŠŽ•Ȃœȱ™›˜™‘Ž’Œȱ›Š’’˜—œǰȱ‘˜–ŠœȱŠ’Ĵȱ’—ȱȱ‘ŽȬ
˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ¡’•ŽȱœŽ™Š›ŠŽœȱ‘Žȱ—ŽŠ’ŸŽȱ˜›ŠŒ•Žœȱ˜ȱ˜˜–ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ™˜œ’Ȭ
’ŸŽȱ˜›ŠŒ•Žœȱ˜ȱœŠ•ŸŠ’˜—ǯȱ ŽȱŠ›žŽȱ‘Šȱ˜—•¢ȱȃ–Š“˜›ȱ™›˜™‘ŽœǰȄȱœžŒ‘ȱ
Šœȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ǰȱ £Ž”’Ž•ǰȱ Š—ȱ ŽŒ˜—ȱ œŠ’Š‘ǰȱ ‘Šȱ Ž—ž’—Žȱ Šž‘˜›’¢ȱ ˜ȱ
™›˜Œ•Š’–ȱ ž—Œ˜—’’˜—Š•ȱ œŠ•ŸŠ’˜—ȱ ǻ’ǯȹŽǯǰȱ ‘Žȱ ȃ˜›ŠŒ•Žœȱ ˜ȱ œŠ•ŸŠ’˜—ȄǼǯȱ
Žȱ‘Ž—ȱŒ˜—Œ•žŽœȱ‘’œȱ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱ˜—ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ȱ‹¢ȱ™˜’—’—ȱ˜ȱŽ—œžȬ
’—ȱ Ž—Ž›Š’˜—œȱ ˜ȱ ›ŽŠŒ˜›œDZȱ ȃ‘Žȱ œŽŒ˜—ȱ Š—ȱ ‘’›ȱ Ž—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ
Ž›Ž–’Š‘Ȃœȱ ’œŒ’™•Žœȱ Š—ȱ Ž’˜›œȱ Œ˜—Ž—Žȱ ‘Ž–œŽ•ŸŽœȱ –Ž›Ž•¢ȱ ’‘ȱ
ŠĴŠŒ‘’—ȱ™›˜–’œŽœȱ˜ȱŠȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ‘Ž˜Œ›ŠŒ¢ǯȄȱřŝ
˜—’—ž’—ȱ‘Žȱ•Žœœȱ“Šž—’ŒŽǰȱ›Š—œ’’˜—Š•ȱ˜›ȱ–’¡ŽȱŸ’Ž œȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž¡’•ŽǰȱžœŽ—Š¢ȱŽȱž›‘Ž›ȱœ‘’Žȱ‘Žȱ’œŒ’™•’—Žȱ‹¢ȱŠ›ž’—ȱ‘Šȱ
˜›œ‘’™ȱ–žœȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ™›˜›ŽœœŽȱ’—ȱœ¢—Š˜žŽœȱŠŽ›ȱ‘ŽȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ
˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•Žǯȱ—ȱŠ•‘˜ž‘ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡ŠŒȱ—ž–‹Ž›ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ Ž œȱ’œȱ
ž—”—˜ —ǰȱ‘Žȱǻ›˜œœ•¢ȱ˜ŸŽ›ȬǼȱŽœ’–ŠŽœȱ‘ŠȱŚǯśȱ–’••’˜—ȱ™Ž›œ˜—œȱ Ž›Žȱ
’œ™•ŠŒŽȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ‘Žȱޝ‘ȱŠ—ȱŜ‘ȱŒŽ—ž›’ŽœȱǯȹǯȹǯřŞȱ ȱ ŠœȱŽȂœȱ ˜›”ȱ
‘Šȱ›Š–ŽȱŠ—ȱŽ—’›ŽȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱŠ—ȱœžŽ—œǰȱ’—Œ•ž’—ȱ
–¢œŽ•ǰȱ ‘˜ȱŠž‘ȱŠ—ȱ’œœŽ–’—ŠŽȱ‘Žȱ’—˜›–Š’˜—ȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žœȱ
Ž›Žȱ›ŽŠŽȱ Ž••ǰȱ ’‘˜žȱŠ—¢ȱ‘Š›œ‘ȱ•Š‹˜›’˜žœȱŒ˜›Ÿ·Žȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǯřşȱ
ŽȂœȱ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ‘Šœȱ˜—Žȱœž‹œŠ—’Š••¢ȱ‹Ž¢˜—ȱ‘˜œŽȱ˜ȱ‘’•Ž¢ȱ
Š—ȱŒ”›˜¢ǯȱžȱ‘Žȱ™Šœœ’˜—ȱ˜ȱœŽŽȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ’—ȱœžŒ‘ȱŠŸ˜›Š‹•Žȱ•’‘ȱ
’œȱŠȱœŽ›’˜žœȱ˜ŸŽ›”’••ǯȱ ’œȱ›ŽŠ’—ȱŠ™™ŽŠ›œȱ˜ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŽ›–’—ŠŽȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ
Š•–žȂœȱ•ŠŽȱ›ŽĚŽŒ’˜—ȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱȮȱŽœŠ‘щ’–ȱŞŝ‹DZ
ȃǯȱ•ŽŠ£Š›ȱŠ•œ˜ȱœŠ’DZȱ‘Žȱ ˜•¢ȱ—Žǰȱ‹•ŽœœŽȱ‹Žȱ Žǰȱ’ȱ—˜ȱŽ¡’•Žȱ
œ›ŠŽ•ȱ Š–˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ —Š’˜—œȱ œŠŸŽȱ ’—ȱ ˜›Ž›ȱ ‘Šȱ ™›˜œŽ•¢Žœȱ –’‘ȱ “˜’—ȱ
‘Ž–ǰȱ˜›ȱ’ȱ’œȱœŠ’DZȱ—ȱ ȱ ’••ȱœ˜ ȱ‘Ž›ȱž—˜ȱŽȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—Dzȱœž›Ž•¢ȱ

řś
ȱ Š–ŽœȱǯȱŠ—Ž›œǰȱȃ¡’•ŽǰȄȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ —Ž›™›ŽŽ›Ȃœȱ’Œ’˜—Š›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’‹•ŽȱǻŸ˜•ǯȱŗDzȱŠœ‘Ȭ
Ÿ’••ŽDZȱ‹’—˜—ǰȱŗşŝŜǼǰȱŗŞŞǯ
řŜ
ȱ Š—Ž›œǰȱȃ¡’•ŽǰȄȱŗŞŞǯ
řŝ
ȱ ‘˜–ŠœȱŠ’Ĵǰȱȱ‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ¡’•Žȱǻ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱ˜››Žœœȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşŝŝǼǰȱŗŘŜǯ
řŞ
ȱ žœŽ—Š¢ȱŽǰȱŠœœȱŽ™˜›Š’˜—œȱŠ—ȱŽ™˜›ŽŽœȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ˜Ȭœœ¢›’Š—ȱ–™’›Žȱǻ’ŽœȬ
‹ŠŽ—DZȱŽ’Œ‘Ž›ǰȱŗşŝşǼǰȱŘřǯ
řş
ȱ ǯȱžœŽ—Š¢ȱŽȱȃ žŠ‘ȱŠ—ȱ¡’•ŽǰȄȱ’—ȱ œ›ŠŽ•’ŽȱŠ—ȱ žŽŠ—ȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱǻŽǯȱ ˜‘—ȱ ǯȱ
Š¢œȱŠ—ȱ ǯȱŠ¡ Ž••ȱ’••Ž›Dzȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱŽœ–’—œŽ›ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşŝŝǼǰȱŚřśȬŚŞŞDzȱœŽŽȱ
Žœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱŚŞŖȬŚŞŜǰȱŚŞśǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ŗś

Šȱ–Š—ȱœ˜ œȱŠȱœŽȂŠ‘ȱ’—ȱ˜›Ž›ȱ˜ȱ‘Š›ŸŽœȱ–Š—¢ȱ”˜›Ƿȱ‘’•Žȱǯȱ ˜‘Š—Š—ȱ

ŽžŒŽȱ’ȱ›˜–ȱ‘’œDZȱ—ȱ ȱ ’••ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŒ˜–™Šœœ’˜—ȱž™˜—ȱ‘Ž›ȱ‘Šȱ‘Š‘ȱ
—˜ȱ˜‹Š’—ŽȱŒ˜–™Šœœ’˜—ǯȄȱ•œ˜ǰȱȃǯȱ˜Œ‘Š—Š—ȱœŠ¢œǰȱȃ Žȱǽ ˜ǾȱŽ¡’•Žȱ
‘Ž–ȱ˜ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ–˜‘Ž›•Š—ȱǻŠ‘Š›œ‘ŠȱȮȱ’ȱ’œȱ ‘Ž›ŽȱŸ›Š‘Š–ȱ ŠœȱœŠŸŽȱ
›˜–ȱ’–‹›˜Ȃœȱž›—ŠŒŽȱŠ—ȱ›Ž ȱ’—ȱ–ž—Š‘ǼȄȱȮȱ˜›ȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ›ŽŠ’—œȱ
‘Šȱœ’–™•¢ȱŸ’Ž Žȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱ‘›˜ž‘ȱ‘Žȱ•Ž—œŽœȱ‘Žȱ˜•Ȭ
•˜ ’—ȱ ˜›œDZȱȃ••ŠȱœŠ’DZȱǽ‘Ž’›ȱŽ¡’•ŽǾȱ Šœȱ’—ȱ˜›Ž›ȱ‘Šȱ‘Ž¢ȱ–’‘ȱ
ŽŠȱŠŽœȱŠ—ȱ˜ŒŒž™¢ȱ‘Ž–œŽ•ŸŽœȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ˜›Š‘ȄȱǻŽœŠ‘щ’–ȱŞŞŠǼǯ
—ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ’—ȱ¡’•ŽǰȱŠ•™‘ȱ •Ž’—ȱŽ¡Š–’—ŽœȱœŽŸŽ—ȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ•’Ž›Š›¢Ȭ‘Ž˜Ȭ
•˜’ŒŠ•ȱœ›Š’—œȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜›™žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—DZȱ‘Žȱ˜˜”ȱ˜ȱŠ–Ȭ
Ž—Š’˜—œǰȱœŽ•ŽŒŽȱœŠ•–œǰȱŽžŽ›˜—˜–’œ’Œȱ ’œ˜›¢ǰȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ǰȱ£ŽȬ
”’Ž•ǰȱŽŒ˜—ȱ œŠ’Š‘ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ›’Žœ•¢ȱǻǼȱŠž‘˜›ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—ŠŽžŒ‘ǯŚŖȱ
˜›ȱ •Ž’—ǰȱ‘ŽœŽȱŸ˜’ŒŽœȱ›Š’œŽȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ‘Ž–Žœȱ˜ȱ“ž–Ž—ǰȱœžěŽ›Ȭ
’—ǰȱ‘Ž˜’Œ¢ǰȱœ’—ǰȱŠ—ȱŒ˜ŸŽ—Š—ǯȱœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱ™›˜–’—Ž—ȱ’œȱ‘Žȱ‘Ž–Žȱ
˜ȱ ˜Ȃœȱœ’•Ž—ŒŽȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ–’œȱ˜ȱ“ž–Ž—ǯȱ •Ž’—ǰȱ‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ™˜’—œȱ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ ŸŠ›’˜žœȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ Šž‘˜›œȱ ‘˜ȱ —ŽŸŽ›ȱ œ›Š¢Žȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘˜™Žǯȱ ‘Žȱ ꗊ•ȱ
™›˜žŒȱ ŠœȱœŒ›’™ž›Žǰȱ‘Žȱ›Žœ™˜—œŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽǯŚŗ
Š–ŽœȱǯȱŽ œ˜–Žȱ’—ȱ¢ȱ‘ŽȱŠŽ›œȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ȱ›ŠŒŽœȱ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ
™›’˜›ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ śŞŝȱ Žœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ ’—ȱ Š‹¢•˜—ȱ Š—ȱ Œ˜—Ȭ
Œ•žŽœȱ ’‘ȱ‘˜™ŽȱŠ—ȱ›Žœ˜›Š’˜—ȱž—Ž›ȱŽ›ž‹‹Š‹Ž•ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ™˜œȬŽ¡’•’Œȱ
œŽĴ’—ǯȱ‘’œȱ ˜›”ȱ’œȱŠȱŠœŒ’—Š’—ȱœ ’—ȱ‹ŠŒ”ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›ŽŠ•’’Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
ŠŽ›–Š‘œȱ˜ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ǰȱ™Š’—ǰȱŠ—ȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ǯȱ‘Š™Ž›œȱŘȱŠ—ȱ
řǰȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ‘ŽŠ’—ȱȃŠŠœ›˜™‘ŽǰȄȱž—Œ’˜—ȱ˜ȱœ ’—ȱ‘Žȱ™Ž—ž•ž–ȱ
‹ŠŒ”ȱŠŠ’—œȱ‘Žȱ™›ŽŒŽ’—ȱ ˜›”œȱ˜ȱŽȱŠ—ȱ •Ž’—ǯŚŘ
—ȱŗşŞşǰȱŠȱ™Š‘Ȭ‹›ŽŠ”’—ȱŠ™™›˜ŠŒ‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœž¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ
Ž—Ž›Žȱ‘ŽȱꎕǯȱŠ—’Ž•ȱ–’‘Ȃœȱ’œœŽ›Š’˜—ǰȱȃǽŠ—ǾȱŽ¡™Ž›’–Ž—ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ
œ˜Œ’˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ’˜—Ȅȱ’›ŽŒŽȱ‹¢ȱ ˜‘—ȱŠ›˜—ǰȱ‘Šœȱ—˜ ȱ‹ŽŒ˜–Žȱ
‘Žȱ–˜Ž•ȱ˜›ȱŒ›’’ŒŠ••¢ȱŽ¡Š–’—’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ǯȱŽȱŠ›Žȱ—ŽŠ›’—ȱ
 ˜ȱŽŒŠŽœȱœ’—ŒŽȱ™ž‹•’ŒŠ’˜—ǰȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ—ȱ ’‘ȱŠȱœŽŠ¢ȱœ›ŽŠ–ȱ˜ȱ—Ž ȱ
˜›”œȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—›’‹ž’˜—œǰȱ ’‘ȱ›Žœ™ŽŒȱ˜ȱ–Ž‘˜˜•˜¢ǰȱ Žȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ—˜ȱ
›ŽŠ••¢ȱ–˜ŸŽȱ‹Ž¢˜—ȱ‘’œȱœŽ–’—Š•ȱ ˜›”ǯȱ —ȱ–¢ȱ“ž–Ž—ǰȱ‘’œȱœ’—•Žȱ
˜›”ȱ‘Šœȱ•’Ž›Š••¢ȱŒ‘Š—Žȱ‘Žȱ•Š—œŒŠ™Žȱ˜ȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ‹¢ȱŒ˜›Ȭ
›ŽŒ•¢ȱŠ—ȱ’›ŽŒ•¢ȱ™•ŠŒ’—ȱŽ–™‘Šœ’œȱ˜—ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱ™Ž›œ˜—œȱ’—ȱŠȱ–’›ŠȬ
˜›¢ȱŒ˜—Ž¡ǯ
‘ŽȱœŽŒ’˜—œȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱȃ¢™˜•˜’Žœȱ˜ȱ–’›Š’˜—ǰȄȱȃ’Ž—’¢ȱŠ—ȱŽ‘Ȭ
—’Œ’¢ǰȄȱȃ’Ž—’¢ȱ’—ȱ–’—˜›’¢ȱŒ˜—Ž¡ǰȄȱŠ—ȱȃ›’œŽȱ˜ȱ—Ž ȱ•ŽŠŽ›œ‘’™Ȅȱ
Š›ŽȱŠȱ–žœȬ›ŽŠȱ˜›ȱŠ••ȱ ‘˜ȱœ™ŽŒ’Š•’£Žȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱ™Ž›’˜ǯȱ —ȱœ‘˜›ǰȱȃ‘Žȱ
ŚŖ
ȱ Š•™‘ȱ •Ž’—ǰȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ’—ȱ¡’•ŽDZȱȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ —Ž›™›ŽŠ’˜—ȱǻDzȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱ˜››Žœœȱ
›ŽœœǰȱŗşŝşǼǯ
Śŗ
ȱ •Ž’—ǰȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ’—ȱ¡’•ŽǰȱŗśŖȬŗśřǯ
ŚŘ
ȱ Š–ŽœȱǯȱŽ œ˜–Žȱ ›ǯǰȱ¢ȱ‘ŽȱŠŽ›œȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—DZȱ—ȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ
‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ¡’•Žȱǻ•Š—ŠDZȱ ˜‘—ȱ —˜¡ǰȱŗşŝşǼǯ
ŗŜȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

™›ŽœŽ›ŸŠ’˜—ȱ˜ȱŠ—ȱ’Ž—’¢ȱž—Ž›ȱ‘›ŽŠȱŒŠ••œȱ˜›ȱŽŽ—œŽȱœ›žŒž›’—ǯȱ
ǰȱŠœȱ Žȱ‘ŠŸŽȱœžŽœŽǰȱȁŽ‘—’Œȱ’Ž—’¢Ȃȱ’œȱ™›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱ‹¢ȱŒ˜—œŒ’˜žœȱ
Œ‘˜’ŒŽȱ ’—ȱ Œ’›Œž–œŠ—ŒŽœȱ ˜ȱ ’—Ž›Œž•ž›Š•ȱ Œ˜—ŠŒȱ ǻǯȱ Š›‘Ǽǰȱ ‘Ž—ȱ Š—ȱ
Š—Š•¢œ’œȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ œ˜Œ’Š•ȱ –ŽŒ‘Š—’œ–œȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—ȱ Ž¡’•Žœȱ ’—ȱ Š‹¢•˜—ȱ
˜ž‘ȱ ˜ȱ ›ŽŸŽŠ•ȱ Œ›ŽŠ’ŸŽ•¢ȱ œ›žŒž›Žȱ ’Ž—’’Žœȱ ’—ȱ ˜›Ž›ȱ ˜ȱ ‹Žȱ ȁ‘Žȱ
™Ž˜™•Žȱ˜ȱ ˜Ȃȱ’—ȱŠȱ˜›Ž’—ȱ•Š—ǯȄŚř
—ȱȃŠ›ȱ DZȱ‘Žȱ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ¡’•ŽǰȄȱ–’‘ȱŒ˜››ŽŒ•¢ȱ‘’‘•’‘œȱŠ—ȱ
Ž–™‘Šœ’£Žœȱȃ‘ŽȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȄȱŠœȱŠȱȃŒ›’œ’œǯȄȱǻ‘’œȱ ˜›ȱ‹ŽŒ˜–Žœȱȃ›ŠžȬ
–ŠȄȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱ–˜›Žȱ‘Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜›”ȱ‹žȱ—˜’ŒŽȱ‘˜ ȱ’ȱ‹ž’•œȱ˜—ȱŽ Ȭ
œ˜–ŽȂœȱ ȃŒŠŠœ›˜™‘ŽǯȄǼȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ ‘’œȱ Œ’›Œž–œŒ›’‹Žȱ žœŽȱ ˜ȱ ’••’Š–ȱ
ŽŽ›œŽ—Ȃœȱ ŗşśŞȱ ¢™˜•˜¢ȱ ˜ȱ –’›Š’˜—ȱ ǻœ˜Œ’Š•ȱ ›ŽžŽŽœǼȱ Œ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ
Œ˜—ę—Žœȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ¡’•Žȱ ’‘’—ȱ‘Žȱ Š••œȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱœŽŒ˜—ȱ¢™˜•Ȭ
˜¢ǰȱȃŠȱ–’•’Š›¢ȱŒŠ–™Š’—ǯȄȱ‘Ž—ȱ ŽȱŒŠ›Žž••¢ȱŽ¡Š–’—ŽȱŽŽ›œŽ—Ȃœȱ
˜›”ǰȱ‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ¡’•ŽȱŒŠ—ȱŠ•œ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŒ•Šœœ’ꮍȱŠ—ȱ’Ž—Ȭ
’ꮍȱ ’‘ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜ž›‘ȱ Œ•Šœœȱ ˜ȱ –’›Š’˜—ǰȱ ȃ‘Žȱ Œ˜••ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ ‹Ž‘ŠŸ’˜›Ȅȱ
˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Š‹¢•˜—’Š—œȱ ‘˜ȱ Ž–™•˜¢Žȱ ȃ–’›Š˜›¢ȱ ˜›ŒŽȄȱ ˜›ȱ ȃœ˜Œ’Š•ȱ
–˜–Ž—ž–Ȅȱ Šœȱ ȃ–Šœœ’ŸŽȱ ™Ž›œ˜—œȄȱ Ž›Žȱ ›ŽœŽĴ•Žȱ ’—ȱ Š—ȱ ȃž›‹Š—Ȅȱ
Œ˜—Ž¡ȱ˜›ȱŽŒ˜—˜–’ŒȱŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ǯŚŚȱ‘’œȱž—Š–Ž—Š••¢ȱ’–™˜›Š—ȱ
œž‹“ŽŒȱ–ŠĴŽ›ȱ˜—ȱȃ–’›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŽŒ˜—˜–’ŒœȄȱ’œȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱŠ›ŽœœŽȱ’—ȱ
–’‘Ȃœȱ’œœŽ›Š’˜—ǯ
ž››Ž—•¢ǰȱ ’—ȱ ˜›‘ȱ –Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱ œ˜Œ’˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ Œ’›Œ•Žœȱ ǻ–Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱ
˜Œ’˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱœœ˜Œ’Š’˜—Ǽǰȱ‘Žȱꎕȱ˜ȱ–’›Š’˜—ȱ’œȱŠ—ȱŽ¡™•˜œ’ŸŽȱŠŒŠȬ
Ž–’Œȱ ’œŒ’™•’—Žǯȱ ‘Žȱ ˜›œȱ ȃ–’›Š’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ ’––’›Š’˜—Ȅȱ —ŽŽȱ
—˜ȱ’—›˜žŒ’˜—ȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŘŗœȱŒŽ—ž›¢ǯȱ ȱœ‘˜ž•ȱ‹Žȱ—˜Žȱ‘Šȱ Žȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ
–ŠŽȱ›Ž–Ž—˜žœȱ˜› Š›ȱ™›˜›Žœœǰȱ‹˜‘ȱ‘Ž˜›Ž’ŒŠ••¢ȱŠ—ȱŽ–™’›’Ȭ
ŒŠ••¢ǰȱœ’—ŒŽȱŽŽ›œ˜—ȂœȱŒ˜—›’‹ž’˜—ȱǻ‘Žȱ‹Šœ’œȱ˜ȱ–’‘Ȭ‘›’œ˜™‘Ž›Ȃœȱ
ǻ–’‘ȂœǼȱ’œœŽ›Š’˜—Ǽǯȱ‘Žȱ’œŒ’™•’—Žȱ—˜ ȱ’—Œ•žŽœǰȱ‹žȱ’œȱ—˜ȱ•’–’Žȱ
˜ǰȱ˜›ŒŽȱ’›Š’˜—ǰȱŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ —žŒŽȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱŽ•˜Ȭ
ŒŠ’˜—ȱǻ Ǽǰȱ —Ž›—Š••¢ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱŽ›œ˜—œȱǻ œǼǰȱŽžŽŽȱž’Žœǰȱ
–’›Š’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ ’––’›Š’˜—ǰȱ ’—Ž›ȬŽ—Ž›Š’˜—Š•ȱ ™›˜‹•Ž–œȱ ›Žœž•’—ȱ
›˜–ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱ›ŽœŽĴ•Ž–Ž—ǰȱ’Ž—’¢ȱ˜›–Š’˜—ȱ ’‘’—ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱ
Ž—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ ž—’ǰȱ Ž—Ž›ȱ Š—ȱ ’––’›Š’˜—ǰȱ Œ‘’•›Ž—ȱ Š—ȱ ŽžŒŠ’˜—ǰȱ
Š—ȱ ›Žž›—ȱ –’›Š’˜—ǯȱ žȱ ˜’—ȱ ‹ŠŒ”ȱ ˜ȱ –’‘Ȃœȱ ’œœŽ›Š’˜—ǰȱ Šœȱ
™Š‘Ȭ‹›ŽŠ”’—ȱŠœȱ’ȱ Šœǰȱ‘Ž›Žȱ’œȱŠȱœŽ›’Žœȱ˜ȱž—Š–Ž—Š•ȱ™›˜‹•Ž–œȱ
‘Šȱ ‘Žȱ —ŽŸŽ›ȱ Š›ŽœœŽDZȱ ‘¢ȱ Ž›Žȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ ‘›ŽŽȱ œŽ™Š›ŠŽȱ ’œ™•ŠŒŽȬ
–Ž—œǰȱŠ—ȱ‘˜ ȱ˜ȱ ŽȱŠŒŒ˜ž—ȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ›Ž™ŽŠŽȱ˜›ŒŽȱ–’›Š’˜—œȱ’—ȱ
śşŝǰȱśŞŝǰȱŠ—ȱśŞŘǵȱŠœȱ‘Ž›ŽȱŠ—ȱ˜™Ž›Š’ŸŽȱœ¢œŽ–ȱ‹Ž‘’—ȱ‘Žȱ›Ž™ŽŠŽȱ
’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—œǵȱ‘¢ȱ˜ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ‹Ž’—ȱ‘Žȱœž¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’Ȭ

Śř
ȱ –’‘ǰȱŽ•’’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—•ŽœœǰȱŜřǯ
ŚŚ
ȱ ’••’Š–ȱŽŽ›œŽ—ǰȱȃȱ Ž—Ž›Š•ȱ¢™˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ’›Š’˜—ǰȄȱ–Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱ˜Œ’˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱŽŸ’Ž ȱ
ŘřȱǻŗşśŞǼDZȱŘśŜȬŘŜŜǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ŗŝ

˜ȱ ’‘ȱ‘ŽȱśŞŝȱǯȹǯȹǯȱŽŸŽ—ȱ ‘Ž—ȱ‘Ž›Žȱ ŠœȱŠ•›ŽŠ¢ȱŠȱ˜›–’Š‹•Žȱ

›˜ž™ȱ ˜ȱ ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱ Ž•’Žœȱ ’—ȱ śşŝǵȱ Šœȱ ‘Žȱ ›Šž–Š’Œȱ Ž¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱ ˜ȱ
‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱꛜȱ ŠŸŽȱ’Ž—’ŒŠ•ȱ˜ȱ‘˜œŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱœŽŒ˜—ȱŠ—ȱ‘’›ȱ
ŠŸŽœǵȱ ‘˜ž•ȱ Žȱ ›ŽžŒŽȱ ‘Žȱ Œ˜–™•Ž¡’¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ Ž¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽǰȱ
‘’Œ‘ȱ’—Ÿ˜•ŸŽȱ–ž•’•Š¢Ž›Žȱœ˜Œ’˜ȬŽŒ˜—˜–’ŒȱŸŠ›’Š‹•Žœǰȱ˜ȱœ’–™•¢ȱŠȱ
ȃ›Ž•’’˜—•ŽœœȄȱ ˜—Žǵȱ —ȱ ›Š™’•¢ȱ Œ‘Š—’—ȱ Ž—Ž›Š’˜—Š•ȱ Œ˜—Ž¡œǰȱ ’ȱ
’Ž—’¢ȱ’œœžŽœȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—ŒŽ›—œȱ›Ž–Š’—ȱ‘ŽȱœŠ–Žȱ˜›ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ǰȱ˜›ȱ
’ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱ žŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱŠŒŒŽ™ȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ—ȱŽ–Ž—ȱŒŽ›Ȭ
Š’—ȱ›Š’’˜—œȱ ‘’•Žȱ’œŒŠ›’—ȱŠ—ȱ›Ž“ŽŒ’—ȱ‘˜œŽȱ‘Ž¢ȱ’œŠ›ŽŽȱ
’‘ǰȱ œžŒ‘ȱ Šœȱ ȃœ’—Ȅȱ Šœȱ ‘Žȱ ŒŠžœŽȱ ˜ȱ ‘Ž’›ȱ Ž—Ž›Š’˜—Ȃœȱ ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱ
Š—ȱ›ŽœŽĴ•Ž–Ž—ǵ
’‘ȱ ›Žœ™ŽŒȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜ŸŽ›Š••ȱ Ž™’Œ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ
ŒŠ—˜—ǰȱ ›ŽŸŠ›ȱ ‘’•œȱ œŠŽœǰȱ ȃ‘Ž›Žȱ ’œȱ —˜ȱ ž—’ꮍȱ ™›ŽœŽ—Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ Ž¡’•Žȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ǰȱ ›Š‘Ž›ȱ ’—˜›–Š’˜—ȱ ‘Šœȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ Š‘Ȭ
Ž›Žȱ ›˜–ȱ Šȱ ŸŠ›’Ž¢ȱ ˜ȱ ™Š›’Š•ȱ ŽœŒ›’™’˜—œǰȱ Š••žœ’˜—œǰȱ Š—ȱ ’—’›ŽŒȱ
›ŽĚŽŒ’˜—œǯȄŚśȱ‘’œȱŸ’Ž ȱ›ŽœŽ–‹•ŽœȱŠ—ȱŽŒ‘˜Žœȱ ˜‘—ȱ›’‘DZȱȃȱ‘Žȱ
Ž¡’•Žȱ ’œŽ•ǰȱ ‘Žȱ ’‹•Žȱ Ž••œȱ žœȱ Ÿ’›žŠ••¢ȱ —˜‘’—ȱ œŠŸŽȱ ‘Šȱ ŒŠ—ȱ ‹Žȱ
•ŽŠ›—Žȱ ’—’›ŽŒ•¢ȱ ›˜–ȱ ™›˜™‘Ž’Œȱ Š—ȱ ˜‘Ž›ȱ ›’’—œȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Š¢ǯȄŚŜȱ
žȱ‘’•œȱŠœȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ‹˜˜”œȱ˜ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ǰȱ£Ž”’Ž•ǰȱŽžŽ›˜Ȭ œŠ’Š‘ǰȱ
Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ œŠ•–œȱ ǻŝşǰȱ ŗřŝǼȱ Œ•ŽŠ›•¢ȱ ›ŽĚŽŒȱ ˜—ȱ ‘’œȱ œŽ–’—Š•ȱ ™Ž›’˜ǯȱ ȱ
˜ž—Š’˜—Š•ȱŒ˜—›’‹ž’˜—ȱ›˜–ȱ‘’•œȱ‘Šȱ’œȱ˜Ž—ȱ˜ŸŽ›•˜˜”Žȱ’œȱ‘Žȱ
ŠŒȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ›Žœ™˜—œŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™Š›Ž—œȱȮȱ‘ŽȱȃꛜȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—Ȃœȱ›Ž•’’˜žœȱ
›Žœ™˜—œŽȄȱȮȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’œŠœŽ›ǰȱŽ–‹›ŠŒ’—ȱŠȱ˜›Ž’—ȱŒž•ȱǻ£Ž”ȱŞDzȱ Ž›ȱŚŚǼǰȱ
’œȱ ̊ȱ ˜žȱ ›Ž“ŽŒŽȱ ‹¢ȱ ‘Žȱ ȃ¢˜ž—Ž›Ȅȱ ˜›ȱ –˜›Žȱ ™›ŽŒ’œŽ•¢ǰȱ ‘Žȱ œŽŒ˜—ȱ
Š—ȱœž‹œŽšžŽ—ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ žŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—œǯȱ ŽȱœŠ¢œǰȱȃ‘Ž›ŽȱŠ›Žȱ
Š•œ˜ȱœ’—œȱ˜ȱ›ŽœŽ—–Ž—ȱ‹¢ȱ‘Žȱ¢˜ž—Ž›ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ˜›ȱ‘Ž’›ȱœžěŽ›Ȭ
’—ȱ‹ŽŒŠžœŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœ’—œȱ˜ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ™Š›Ž—œȱǻ£Ž”ȱŗŞěǼǯȄŚŝȱ Ž›Žȱ’œȱ˜—Žȱ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ–˜œȱšž’—ŽœœŽ—’Š•ȱœŠŽ–Ž—œȱŽŸŽ›ȱ–ŠŽȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ǯȱ
˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ‘’œȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—Š•ȱŸ’Ž ȱ‘Šœȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱŠ›ŽœœŽȱ˜›ȱ™ž›Ȭ
œžŽȱ’—ȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱž—’•ȱ—˜ ǯ
—ȱŗşşśǰȱŠ—ȱŽ¡›Š˜›’—Š›¢ȱŒ˜••ŽŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱŽœœŠ¢œȱ˜—ȱ ––’›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ
–’›Š’˜—ȱ ’‘’—ȱ‘Žȱ—Œ’Ž—ȱŽŠ›ȱŠœDZȱŽœœŒ‘›’ȱǯȱ’™’Úœ”’ȱœŽȱŠȱ—Ž ȱ
Œ˜ž›œŽȱ ˜›ȱ ‘Žȱ œž¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ’—ȱ ž›˜™Žǯȱ ’‘ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡ŒŽ™’˜—ȱ
˜ȱŠȱ‘Š—ž•ȱ˜ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ’—ȱ˜›‘ȱ–Ž›’ŒŠǰȱ‘Žȱ—Šž›ŽȱŠ—ȱ˜™’Œȱ˜ȱ
‘’œȱ ŽœœŒ‘›’ȱ ‘Šœȱ ž—˜›ž—ŠŽ•¢ȱ ˜—Žȱ ž——˜’ŒŽǯȱ ‘Žȱ Ÿ˜•ž–Žȱ ‘Šœȱ

Śś
ȱ ›ŽŸŠ›ȱ‘’•œǰȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŠ—ȱŽ ȱŽœŠ–Ž—œȱǻ’——ŽŠ™˜•’œDZȱ˜›Ȭ
›Žœœȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşşŘǼǰȱŗŜŗȬŗŜśǯ
ŚŜ
ȱ ŽŽȱ ˜‘—ȱ›’‘ǰȱȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱǻř›ȱŽǯDzȱ‘’•ŠŽ•™‘’ŠDZȱŽœ–’—œŽ›ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşŞŗǼǰȱ
řŚřǯ
Śŝ
ȱ ‘’•œǰȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ‘Ž˜•˜¢ǰȱŗŜŘǯȱŽŽȱŠ•œ˜ǰȱ ŠŒšžŽ•’—ŽȱǯȱŠ™œ•Ž¢ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽœŽȱ˜—Žœȱ’ŸŽǵȱ
‘Žȱ›˜‹•Ž–ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜›Š•ȱŽ•ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜˜”ȱ˜ȱ£Ž”’Ž•ȱǻȱřŖŗDzȱŽ›•’—ȦŽ ȱ˜›”DZȱŽȱ
›ž¢Ž›ǰȱŘŖŖŖǼǰȱŘŜȬřśǯ
ŗŞȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

ŠœŒ’—Š’—ȱ’œŒžœœ’˜—œȱ˜—ȱž‹›žǰȱ•Îщ žǰȱŠ›Āžȱǻ˜›ȱŠ—ŠȱŽ™ŽñȱŠ›Ā’Ǽȱ—˜—Ȭ
’—’Ž—˜žœȱ ™Ž˜™•Žœȱ ǻœ˜“˜ž›—Ž›œǰȱ ’––’›Š—œǰȱ ˜›Ž’—Ž›œȱ ’—ȱ Ž—Ž›Š•Dzȱ
‘˜œŠŽœȱ˜›ȱŒ˜›Ÿ·Žȱ•Š‹˜›œǼǯȱ ȱž›‘Ž›ȱ™›˜Ÿ’ŽœȱŠȱ–žŒ‘ȱ—ŽŽŽȱ‹ŠŒ”Ȭ
›˜ž—ȱ˜—ȱ ‘Šȱ’––’›Š—œȱ Ž›ŽȱŒŠ••Žȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—Œ’Ž—ȱŽŠ›ȱŠœŽ›—ȱ
Œ˜—Ž¡œǯȱ ȱ ˜ž—ȱ –˜œȱ ˜›‘ ‘’•Žȱ ‘Žȱ ŽœœŠ¢œȱ ‹¢ȱ ǯȱ ŸŠ—ȱ Žȱ ˜˜›—ǰȱ
ȃ’›Š’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ ™›ŽŠȱ ˜ȱ ˜ŒŠ•ȱ ž•œȄDzȱ ǯȱ Š›¢Šœǰȱ ȃ ––’›ŠȬ
’˜—ȱ’—˜ȱŠ›’ȄDzȱ ǯȱ’–ŽǰȱȃȂ·–’›·ȱŠ—œȱ•Šȱœ˜Œ’··ȱ–·œ˜™˜Š–’Ȭ
Ž——ŽȄDzȱǯȱŸŠ—ȱŽȱ’Ž›˜˜™ǰȱȃ•ȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ —Ž›ŽœȱŠŽœDZȱŽ›Žȱ‘Ž¢ȱ
——žŠ•ǵȄDzȱŠ—ȱǯȱŽȂœȱȃ‹œŽ›ŸŠ’˜—œȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ œ›ŠŽ•’ŽȦ žŽŠ—ȱ¡’•Žœȱ
’—ȱŽœ˜™˜Š–’Šȱž›’—ȱ‘Žȱ’‘‘Ȭ’¡‘ȱŽ—ž›’ŽœȱǯȹǯȹǯȄŚŞ
ȱ¢ŽŠ›ȱ•ŠŽ›ǰȱ‹ž’•’—ȱ˜—ȱ‘’•’™ȱŠŸ’œȂœȱȃŒ›ŽŠ’ŸŽȱ’–Š’—Š’˜—Ȅȱ‘Šȱ
‘ŽȱŽ–Ž›Ž—ŒŽȱ˜ȱŠ—ȱŠ—Œ’Ž—ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ’—ȱŽ¡’•Žȱ Šœȱ‘Žȱ’›ŽŒȱ›Žœž•ȱŠ—ȱ
™›˜žŒȱ ˜ȱ ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œǰŚşȱ Š—œȱ ǯȱ Š›œŠȂœȱ ¢‘ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ –™¢ȱ
Š—ȱǻŗşşŜǼȱ›Š’ŒŠ••¢ȱŠ—ȱ™Ž›™ŽžŠ••¢ȱŠěŽŒŽȱ‘Žȱꎕȱ’—ȱŠ—ȱ’—Œ•žȬ
œ’ŸŽȱ–Š——Ž›ȱ‹¢ȱ’œŒžœœ’—ȱŠ—ȱ’Ÿ’—ȱ—Ž ȱ•’Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱȃ›Ž–—Š—Ȅȱ‘Šȱ
Šœȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽǯȱŠ›œŠȂœȱ–˜—˜›Š™‘ȱ–Š›”œȱ‘Žȱ‹Ž’——’—ȱ˜ȱ
Œ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ǯȱ ’œȱ–’—’–Š•’œȱŠ™™›˜ŠŒ‘ȱŠ—ȱ˜™Ž—ȱ
’—Ž›™›ŽŠ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Š›Œ‘ŠŽ˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ ŠŠȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ŝ‘ȱ ŒŽ—ž›¢ȱ ǯȹǯȹǯȱ
‘ŠŸŽȱ —˜ ȱ ›ž—ȱ ‘Ž’›ȱ Œ˜ž›œŽǰśŖȱ ‹žȱ ‘Ž—ȱ ’ȱ ꛜȱ ŒŠ–Žȱ ˜žǰȱ Š›œŠȱ
‹›’••’Š—•¢ȱŒ‘Š›Ž›ŽȱŠȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜ž›œŽȱ˜›ȱ™›ŽŸ’˜žœ•¢ȱ‘Ž•ȱ™˜œ’’˜—œȱ‹¢ȱ
™›˜Ÿ˜ŒŠ’ŸŽ•¢ȱ Œ‘Š••Ž—’—ȱ ‘Ž–ȱ Š—ȱ ‹¢ȱ œ‘˜ ’—ȱ ‘Šȱ ‹ŽŒŠžœŽȱ ‘Žȱ
žŽŠ—ȱ œ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ Šœȱ ™›’–Š›’•¢ȱ Š›Š›’Š—ǰȱ ’‘ȱ ˜—•¢ȱ Šȱ œ–Š••ȱ ™Ž›ŒŽ—Ȭ
ŠŽȱ˜ȱ žŽŠ—œȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǰȱŠȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱž—’œž›‹Žȱž—ŒȬ
’˜—Š•ȱœ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ’‘ȱ™›’ŽœœǰȱœŒ›’‹Žœǰȱ›ŠŽœ–Ž—ǰȱŠ›’œŠ—œǰȱŠ—ȱ ˜›”’—ȱ
–Ž—ȱ ’—ȱ žŠ‘ȱ Œ˜—’—žŽȱ Ž••ȱ ŠŽ›ȱ ‘Žȱ Žœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱ ’—ȱ
śŞŝȦŜȱǯȹǯȹǯśŗȱ‘’œȱ’¢••’ŒȱŠ—ȱž˜™’Š—ȱŽ™’Œ’˜—ȱŠ••˜ ŽȱŠ›œŠȱ˜ȱ
œ’žŠŽȱŽŒ˜—ȱ œŠ’Š‘ȱ’—ȱ žŠ‘ȱ’—œŽŠȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǯȱŠ›œŠȂœȱŒ‘Š›Žȱ
ŒŠ—ȱ‹Žȱœž––Žȱž™ȱ‘’œȱ Š¢DZȱ—¢˜—Žȱ ‘˜ȱ˜••˜ œȱ‘Žȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱŸ’Ž ȱ
ȃœ’••ȱŠ‘Ž›Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’ŽŠȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱȁ–¢‘ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™¢ȱ•Š—ǯȂȄśŘ

ŚŞ
ȱ ǯȱ ŸŠ—ȱ Ž›‹Ž›‘Žȱ Š—ȱ ǯȱ Œ‘˜˜›œǰȱ Žœǯǰȱ ––’›Š’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ –’›Š’˜—ȱ ’‘’—ȱ ‘Žȱ
—Œ’Ž—ȱŽŠ›ȱŠœȱǻȱŜśDzȱŽžŸŽ—DZȱ’ŽŸŽ›’“ȱŽŽŽ›œȱŽ—ȱŽ™Š›Ž–Ž—ȱ›’º—Š•’œȬ
’Ž”ǰȱŗşşśǼǯ
Śş
ȱ ‘’•’™ȱŠŸ’Žœǰȱ —ȱŽŠ›Œ‘ȱ˜ȱ—Œ’Ž—ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱǻ ž™ȱŗŚŞDzȱ‘ŽĜŽ•DZȱ ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşŞŘǼǰȱ
ŝŞȬŞŖǯ
śŖ
ȱ ˜›ȱ ˜™™˜œ’—ȱ Ÿ’Ž œǰȱ œŽŽȱ Š ›Ž—ŒŽȱ ŠŽ›ǰȱ ȃ‘Žȱ ž›¢ȱ ˜ȱ Š‹¢•˜—DZȱ œ‘”Ž•˜—ȱ Š—ȱ
‘Žȱ›Œ‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ǰȄȱȱŘŘȱǻŗşşŜǼDZȱśŜȬŜşǰȱŝŜȬŝŝDzȱ™‘›Š’–ȱŽ›—ǰȱȃ‘Žȱ
Š‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ Š™ǰȄȱȱŘŜȱǻŘŖŖŖǼDZȱŚśȬśŗǰȱŝŜDzȱ‘’•’™ȱ ǯȱ ’—ȱŠ—ȱŠ ›Ž—ŒŽȱŠŽ›ǰȱ’Žȱ
’—ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱǻ˜ž’œŸ’••ŽȦ˜—˜—DZȱŽœ–’—œŽ›ȱ ˜‘—ȱ —˜¡ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŘŖŖŗǼǰȱŘśŗȬŘśŞǯ
śŗ
ȱ Š—œȱŠ›œŠǰȱ‘Žȱ¢‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–™¢ȱŠ—DZȱȱž¢ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ›Œ‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ
žŠ‘ȱž›’—ȱ‘Žȱȃ¡’•’ŒȄȱŽ›’˜ȱǻȱŘŞDzȱœ•˜DZȱŒŠ—’—ŠŸ’Š—ȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşşŜǼǯ
śŘ
ȱ ŽŽȱ Š—œȱŠ›œŠǰȱȃŽ›ȱ‘Žȱȁ¢‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–™¢ȱŠ—ȂDZȱŠ“˜›ȱ‘Š••Ž—Žœȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ
ž¢ȱ ˜ȱ Ž˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ žŠ‘ǰȄȱ ’—ȱ žŠ‘ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ŗş

 ˜ȱŠ’’˜—Š•ȱŒ˜••ŽŒ’˜—œȱ˜ȱŽœœŠ¢œȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽȱŠ™™ŽŠ›Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ
•ŠŽȱŗşşŖœDZȱ¡’•ŽDZȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ǰȱ Ž ’œ‘ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘›’œ’Š—ȱ˜—ŒŽ™’˜—œȱŽ’Ȭ
Žȱ‹¢ȱ Š–ŽœȱǯȱŒ˜ĴȱǻŗşşŝǼśřȱŠ—ȱŽŠ’—ȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ™’ŸŽȱŽ’Žȱ‹¢ȱ
ŽœŽ›ȱ ›Š‹‹ŽȱǻŗşşŞǼǯȱ‘Žȱ˜›–Ž›ȱŸ˜•ž–ŽȱŽŠ’•œȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ’—ȱŠȱ‘’œȬ
˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ–Š——Ž›ǰȱ–˜Ÿ’—ȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž••Ž—’œ’Œȱ
Š—ȱꗊ••¢ȱ‘Žȱ˜–Š—ȱ™Ž›’˜ǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ˜—•¢ȱ‘›ŽŽȱŽœœŠ¢œȱŠŒžŠ••¢ȱ
Ž—ŠŽȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ¡’•Žȱǻ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜ž›ŽŽ—ǼǰȱŠ—ȱ ‘Ž—ȱ‘Ž¢ȱ˜ȱ’œȬ
Œžœœȱ‘ŽȱŜ‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯǰȱ‘Ž¢ȱŠ›Žȱœ’–™•¢ȱ›ŽŸŠ–™Žȱ˜›ȱ›ŽȬŒ’›Œž•ŠȬ
Žȱ ŽœœŠ¢œȱ ‹¢ȱ Š—’Ž•ȱ –’‘Ȭ‘›’œ˜™‘Ž›ǰȱ Š–Žœȱ Š—Ž›œȱ ǻȃ¡’•Žȱ Š—ȱ
Š—˜—ȱ˜›–Š’˜—ȄǼǰȱŠ—ȱ˜‹Ž›ȱŠ››˜••ȱǻȃŽ™˜›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ’Šœ™˜›Šȱ
’œŒ˜ž›œŽœȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ›˜™‘Ž’Œȱ’Ž›Šž›ŽȄǼǯ
˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ ȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ ˜ž—ȱ ‘Žȱ •ŠĴŽ›ȱ ˜›”ȱ ŸŽ›¢ȱ ’—œ›ž–Ž—Š•ǯȱ ŽŠȬ
’—ȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ™’ŸŽȱ’œȱŠȱꗎȱŒ˜••ŽŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ™Š™Ž›œȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱž›˜™ŽŠ—ȱ
Ž–’—Š›ȱ’—ȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱŽ‘˜˜•˜¢ǯȱŠŒ‘ȱŽœœŠ¢ȱ’—’Ÿ’žŠ••¢ȱŒŠ››’Žœȱ
Ž’‘ǰȱ‹žȱŠœȱŠȱ ‘˜•Žǰȱ‘Ž¢ȱ™›˜Ÿ’ŽȱŠȱž›‘Ž›ȱœ’–ž•Š’—ȱ™˜’—ȱ˜›ȱ
Œ›’’ŒŠ••¢ȱ ›ŽȬŽ¡Š–’—’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž—’›Žȱ ™Ž›’˜ǯȱ ‘Žȱ Ÿ˜•ž–Žȱ Œ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ
ž›—œȱ‘Žȱ’œŒ’™•’—Žȱ‘ŽŠȬ˜ŸŽ›Ȭ‘ŽŽ•œȱŠœȱ‘ŽȱŽœœŠ¢œȱ˜›ŒŽȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ˜ȱ
›ŽȬŽ¡Š–’—Žȱ ‘Žȱ ŸŽ›¢ȱ šžŽœ’˜—œǰȱ ž—Š–Ž—Š•œǰȱ Š—ȱ Šœœž–™’˜—œȱ
’‘ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ ŽȂŸŽȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ ˜›”’—ǯȱ‘Šȱ˜ȱ Žȱ›ŽŠ••¢ȱ–ŽŠ—ȱ ‘Ž—ȱ Žȱ
žœŽȱ‘Žȱ—˜–Ž—Œ•Šž›Žǰȱȃ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽȄȱǻ ’‘ȱ‘ŽȱŽę—’ŽȱŠ›’Œ•ŽǼǵȱ œȱ’ȱśŞŝȱ
ǯȹǯȹǯǵȱ œȱ ’ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž—’›Žȱ ‘’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ˜ȱ Š™™›˜¡’–ŠŽ•¢ȱ œŽŸŽ—¢ȱ
¢ŽŠ›œȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǵȱ œȱ’ȱŠȱŒ˜—“ŽŒž›Žȱ–¢‘˜™˜Ž’ŒȱŒ˜—œ›žŒǵȱ‘˜ž•ȱ
’ȱœ’–™•¢ȱ‹ŽȱȃŽ¡’•ŽǵȄȱŠ—ȱ’ȱ‹ŽȱśşŝǰȱśŞŝǰȱŠ—ȱśŞŘǵ
˜›ȱ œ˜–Žȱ –Ž–‹Ž›œȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž–’—Š›ǰȱ ȃ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•ŽȄȱ —ŽŸŽ›ȱ ‘Š™™Ž—Žǯȱ
‘Žȱ ’ŽŠȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•Žȱ ’œȱ ‹žȱ Šȱ –¢‘ǰȱ Šȱ Š‹›’ŒŠ’˜—ȱ ‘Šȱ —ŽŽœȱ ˜ȱ ‹Žȱ
’œ–Š—•Žǯȱ‘’•’™ȱŠŸ’ŽœȱœŠ¢œȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜—œ›žŒȱ˜ȱȃ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽȄȱ’œȱŠȱ
Œ•˜žŽȱ’Ž˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ–’œȱ‘ŠȱŒŠ——˜ȱ‹ŽȱŽ¡™•Š’—ŽȱŽŸŽ—ȱ’—ȱ–¢‘’ŒŠ•ȱ
Œ˜—ꐞ›Š’˜—ǯśŚȱ —Ž›Žœ’—•¢ǰȱ˜—ȱ™Š›Š••Ž•ȱ›˜ž—œǰȱ‘˜–Šœȱ‘˜–™Ȭ
œ˜—ȱ Š•œ˜ȱ Š›žŽœȱ ‘Šȱ ‹ŽŒŠžœŽȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž ȱ ’‹•Žȱ ‘Šœȱ —˜ȱ —Š››Š’ŸŽœȱ
Š‹˜žȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žǰȱ‘Žȱ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ’œȱŠȱ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ ›’ĴŽ—ȱ˜—ȱ
‹•Š—”ȱ™ŠŽœǯśśȱœȱ–žŒ‘ȱŠœȱ ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŽ—“˜¢Žȱ›ŽŠ’—ȱŠ—ȱ•ŽŠ›—’—ȱ›˜–ȱ

Ž›’˜ȱ ǻŽǯȱ Žȱ ’™œŒ‘’œȱ Š—ȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱ •Ž—”’—œ˜™™Dzȱ ’—˜—Šȱ Š”Žǰȱ —ǯDZȱ ’œŽ—Ȭ
‹›Šž—œǰȱŘŖŖřǼȱřȬŘŖǰȱ—˜Žȱŗǯ
śř
ȱ ŽŽȱ Š–Žœȱ ǯȱ Œ˜Ĵǰȱ Žǯǰȱ ¡’•ŽDZȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ǰȱ Ž ’œ‘ǰȱ Š—ȱ ‘›’œ’Š—ȱ ˜—ŒŽ™’˜—œȱ
ǻŽ’Ž—DZȱ›’••ǰȱŗşşŝǼǯ
śŚ
ȱ ‘’•’™ȱǯȱŠŸ’Žœǰȱȃ¡’•Žǵȱ‘Šȱ¡’•Žǵȱ‘˜œŽȱ¡’•ŽǵȄȱ’—ȱŽŠ’—ȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ™’ŸŽDZȱ
ȁ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽȂȱŠœȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ Ž˜•˜¢ȱǻŽǯȱŽœŽ›ȱ ›Š‹‹ŽDzȱ ž™ȱŘŝŞȦ ȱŘDzȱ‘ŽȬ
ꎕDZȱ‘ŽĜŽ•ȱŒŠŽ–’Œȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşşŞǼǰȱŗŘŞěǯȱ˜›ȱœ’–’•Š›ȱŸ’Ž œȱœŽŽǰȱŽ›—ȱ ˜›ȱ’Ž‹Ȭ
—Ž›ǰȱȃ—–Ž›”ž—Ž—ȱ£ž›ȱ‘Ž›–Ž—Žž’œŒ‘Ž—ȱž—”’˜—ȱŽœȱȁ¡’•œȂȱû›ȱŠœȱŽ›œ§—Ȭ
—’œȱ Ž›ȱ Š—˜—œȱ Ž›ȱ ’‹•’Šȱ Ž‹›Š’ŒŠȱ ǻ ǼǰȄȱ ȱ ǻŗşŞşȦŗşşŖȱ ǽŠ™™ŽŠ›Žȱ ŗşşŘǾǼDZȱ
ŗŝřȬŗŞŚǯ
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ȱ ‘˜–Šœȱ ǯȱ ‘˜–™œ˜—ǰȱ ȃ‘Žȱ ¡’•Žȱ ’—ȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ Š—ȱ ¢‘DZȱ ȱ Žœ™˜—œŽȱ ˜ȱ Š—œȱ
Š›œŠǰȄȱ’—ȱŽŠ’—ȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ™’ŸŽȱȁ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽȂȱŠœȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ Ž˜•˜¢ǰȱŗŖşǯ
ŘŖȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

‹˜‘ȱŠŸ’ŽœȱŠ—ȱ‘˜–™œ˜—ǰȱ’—ȱ–¢ȱ“ž–Ž—ǰȱ‘ŽœŽȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱŒŠ——˜ȱ
‹Žȱž›‘Ž›ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ›ž‘ǯȱ‘Ž¢ȱŠ›ŽȱœŽ›’˜žœ•¢ȱ ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–Š›”ǰȱŠ—ȱ
Š•‘˜ž‘ȱ ŠŸ’Žœȱ Š—ȱ ‘˜–™œ˜—ȱ ™›˜Ÿ’Žȱ ’—Ž••ŽŒžŠ•ȱ œ’–ž•Š’˜—ǰȱ
‘ŠȂœȱ™›ŽĴ¢ȱ–žŒ‘ȱ’ǯȱŽ›’˜žœȱŒ›’’ŒŠ•ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ
’œȱ’ĜŒž•ȱ˜ȱ‹ž’•ȱ˜—ȱ‘Ž’›ȱŠœœŽœœ–Ž—œǯ
’›œǰȱŠȱ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ˜Žœȱ—˜ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ˜•ȱ’—ȱŠȱ
—Š››Š’ŸŽȱ˜›ȱŽŸŽ—ȱ™›˜œŽȱ˜›–Šǯȱ‘’œȱ’œȱŽ¡ŠŒ•¢ȱ ‘Šȱ˜—Žȱ ˜ž•ȱŠŸ˜’ȱ
‘Ž—ȱ‘Žȱœ˜›¢ȱ’œȱ˜—˜’—ǰȱ’—Œ˜–™•ŽŽǰȱŠ—ȱœ’••ȱž—˜•’—ǯȱŠŒ‘ȱŽ—Ȭ
Ž›Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ›ŠŽ—œȱ ˜ž•ȱ•’”Ž•¢ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱžœŽȱŠȱ–Ž’ž–ȱ˜›ȱŽ—›Žȱ ’‘ȱ
‘’Œ‘ȱ‘Ž¢ȱ‹Žœȱ’Ž—’ꮍȱ˜ȱ™›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱŠ—ȱ™Šœœȱ˜ —ȱ‘Ž’›ȱŽ—Ž›Ȭ
Š’˜—Š•ȱ Ž¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽǯȱ ‘’•œȱ Œ˜››ŽŒ•¢ȱ ˜‹œŽ›ŸŽœȱ ‘Šȱ ‘ŽœŽȱ œ˜›’Žœȱ Š›Žȱ
—˜ȱ ™›ŽœŽ—Žȱ Šœȱ Šȱ ž—’ꮍȱ ‘˜•Žȱ ‹žȱ Š›Žȱ œŒŠĴŽ›Žȱ ‘›˜ž‘˜žȱ ‘Žȱ
•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ǯȱ‘ŽœŽȱœŒŠĴŽ›Žȱœ˜›’Žœȱ’—ȱ‘Ž’›ȱŸŠ›’˜žœȱ•’Ž›Š›¢ȱ˜›–œȱ
‘›˜ž‘˜žȱ ‘Žȱ ŒŠ—˜—ȱ •’Ž›Š••¢ȱ Š—ȱ ŽŸŽ—ȱ –ŽŠ™‘˜›’ŒŠ••¢ȱ Ž™’Œȱ ‘Žȱ
œŒŠĴŽ›Žȱ•’ŸŽœȱŠ—ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—œȱŠŒ›˜œœȱ‘ŽȱŸŠœȱ™ŠŽœȱ˜›ȱŽ››Š’—œȱ˜ȱ
Žœ˜™˜Š–’Šǰȱ ¢™ǰȱ ‘Žȱ Œ˜Šœ•Š—œǰȱ Š—ȱ žŠ‘ȱ Š—ȱ Š–Š›’Šǯȱ ‘Žȱ
•ŠŽȱ˜‹Ž›ȱŠ››˜••Ȃœȱ™˜’—œȱ ’••ȱ‹Žȱž••¢ȱ›ŽŸ’Ž Žȱ‹Ž•˜ ǯȱžȱ˜‘Ž›ȱ
™Š›’Œ’™Š—œǰȱœžŒ‘ȱŠœȱ•‹Ž›ĵǰȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ’—˜–’Š‹•¢ȱ—˜Žȱ‘Šȱ’ȱ’œȱœ’••ȱ
™˜œœ’‹•Žȱ˜ȱœŠ¢ȱȃœ˜–Ž‘’—ȄȱŠ‹˜žȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽǯśŜ
—’’Š••¢ȱ ‘Ž•™’—ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ ˜ȱ œŽŽȱ ‘Žȱ ŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ Š—ȱ Œ˜—’—ž’¢ȱ
˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•’Žȱ›Ž•’’˜—ȱ’—ȱŽ¡’•Žȱ›˜–ȱŠȱ•˜ŒŠ•ȱŠ–’•¢ȱ™’Ž¢ȱ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽǰśŝȱ
•‹Ž›ĵȂœȱ ›ŽŒŽ—ȱ –ŠœŽ›™’ŽŒŽȱ ŽŠ’•’—ȱ ŽŸŽ›¢ȱ –Š“˜›ȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ •’Ž›Š›¢ȱ
›ŽŠŒ’˜—Š•ȱ ŠŒ’Ÿ’¢ȱ ’—ȱ ’Žȱ ¡’•œ£Ž’ȱ ǻǰȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ ’—ȱ ¡’•ŽǼȱ ’œȱ Šȱ ˜›”ȱ ˜ȱ

śŜ
ȱ Š’—Ž›ȱ •‹Ž›ĵǰȱ ȃ’Žȱ ¡’•œ£Ž’ȱ Š•œȱ ›—œŠ••ȱ û›ȱ Ž’—Žȱ ‘’œ˜›’œŒ‘Žȱ Ž”˜—œ›ž”’˜—ȱ
˜‘—Žȱ‹’‹•’œŒ‘ŽȱŽ¡ŽDZȱ’Žȱ—Žž‹Š‹¢•˜—’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ 㗒œ’—œŒ‘›’Ž—ȱŠ•œȱȁ›’–§›šžŽ••ŽȂǰȄȱ
’—ȱŽŠ’—ȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ™’ŸŽDZȱȁ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽȂȱŠœȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ Ž˜•˜¢ǰȱŘŘȬřşDzȱŽœŽ›ȱ ›Š‹‹Žǰȱ
ȃ‘Žȱ¡’•Žȱž—Ž›ȱ‘Žȱ‘Ž˜˜•’ŽDZȱ ’œ˜›’˜›Š™‘¢ȱŠœȱ›’Š—ž•Š’˜—Ȅȱ’—ȱŽŠ’—ȱŠ™Ȭ
’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ™’ŸŽDZȱȁ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽȂȱŠœȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ Ž˜•˜¢ǰȱŞŖȬŗŖŖǯȱŽŽȱŠ•œ˜ǰȱ˜‹ȱŽŒ”’—ȱŠ—ȱ
Š›“˜ȱǯȹǯȱ ˜›™Ž•ǰȱŽœǯǰȱ‘Žȱ›’œ’œȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•’ŽȱŽ•’’˜—DZȱ›Š—œ˜›–Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱŽ•’’˜žœȱ
›Š’’˜—œȱ ’—ȱ ¡’•’Œȱ Š—ȱ ˜œȬ¡’•’Œȱ ’–Žœȱ ǻŽ’Ž—DZȱ ›’••ǰȱ ŗşşşǼDzȱ ǯȱ Ž–Š’›Žȱ Š—ȱ ǯȱ
ŠŽ‹˜ǰȱŽœǯǰȱ˜—›Žœœȱ˜•ž–ŽDZȱœ•˜ȱŗşşŞȱǻŽ’Ž—DZȱ›’••ǰȱŘŖŖŖǼDzȱŠ—ȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ǰȱŠŸ’ȱ
Ž™‘Ž—ȱŠ—Ž›‘˜˜ǰȱ‘ŽȱŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ–™’›ŽȱŠ—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŠĴŽ›ȱ›˜™‘Žœȱ
ǻ ȱśşDzȱ•Š—ŠDZȱŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşşşǼǯ
śŝ
ȱ Š’—Ž›ȱ•‹Ž›ĵȱǻȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•’ŽȱŽ•’’˜—ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱŽ›’˜ǯȱ˜•ž–Žȱ DZȱ
›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ¡’•Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠŒŒŠ‹ŽŽœȱǽ›Š—œǯȱ ˜‘—ȱ˜ Ž—Dzȱ˜ž’œŸ’••Žǰȱ ¢ǯDZȱŽœ–’—œŽ›ȱ
˜‘—ȱ —˜¡ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ ŗşşŚǾǰȱ řŝŝȬŚŗŗǼȱ œžŽœœȱ ‘Šȱ ‘Žȱ ˜–’—Š—ȱ ˜›–ȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ ˜›Ȭ
œ‘’™ȱ Šœȱ •Š–Ž—ǯȱ —ȱ Ž›–œȱ ˜ȱ ŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱ Š—ȱ ˜›–Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ Œ˜••ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ ˜›œ‘’™ǰȱ
•‹Ž›ĵȱŠ›žŽœȱ˜›ȱ™Ž›œ˜—Š•ȱ™’Ž¢ǰȱ ’‘ȱ‘ŽȱŠ–’•¢ȱ‹Ž’—ȱ‘Žȱœ˜ž›ŒŽȱ˜›ȱŠ‘ ’œ–ǯȱ
ŽĚŽŒ’˜—œȱŠ—ȱ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™Š›’Š›Œ‘œȱŠ›Žȱ™’Ÿ˜Š•ȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱŽ™’Œ’˜—ǯȱ‘Žȱ™Š›’Ȭ
Š›Œ‘œȱ˜ěŽ›ȱ‘˜™Žȱ›˜–ȱŠ—ȱ’—’Ÿ’žŠ•’œ’Œȱ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽǯȱȱ‘Žȱ™Š›’Š›Œ‘œǰȱ‹›Š‘Š–ȱ
’œȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱŒŽ—›Š•ȱ‹ŽŒŠžœŽȱ‘Žȱ Šœȱ‘Žȱꛜȱ˜ȱ–Š”Žȱ‘Žȱ“˜ž›—Ž¢ȱ˜ȱŠ’‘ǯȱ —ȱŠ’Ȭ
’˜—ǰȱ‘’œȱ Š—Ž›’—ȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ ’•Ž›—Žœœǰȱ ’‘˜žȱ™Ž›–Š—Ž—ȱœŽĴ•Ž–Ž—ǰȱ’œȱ™›˜“ŽŒŽȱ
ž™˜—ȱŠ—ȱ™Š›Š••Ž•Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜—’’˜—œȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ Řŗ

–˜—ž–Ž—Š•ȱ™›˜™˜›’˜—ȱ‘Šȱ ’••ȱ‹ŽȱŠ™™›ŽŒ’ŠŽȱ˜›ȱ¢ŽŠ›œǯśŞȱ¢ȱ˜—•¢ȱ
Œ˜ž—Ž›™˜’—ȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ ˜›”ȱ’œȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱœŒ˜™Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœž¢ȱ’œȱœŽȱ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ
śŞŝȱ Š—ȱ śŘŖȱ ǯȹǯȹǯȱ Ȯȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘Žȱ Žœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ǻꛜǼȱ Ž–™•Žȱ ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ›Ž‹ž’•’—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱǻœŽŒ˜—ǼȱŽ–™•ŽǯȱŠ’—ǰȱ‹¢ȱŽ¡Œ•žœ’ŸŽ•¢ȱ›Š–’—ȱ
‘Žȱ Ž—’›Žȱ œž¢ȱ Š—ȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ ›Ž•’’˜žœȱ ’–™ŽžœŽœǰȱ ‘Žȱ œ˜Œ’˜Ȭ
ŽŒ˜—˜–’ŒȱŸŠ›’Š‹•Žœȱœž››˜ž—’—ȱ‘ŽȱśşŝǰȱśŞŝǰȱŠ—ȱśŞŘȱŽŸŽ—œȱŠ›ŽȱŒ˜–Ȭ
™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ ŽŒ•’™œŽǯȱ —ȱ Š’’˜—ǰȱ ‘Ž›ŽŠœȱ •‹Ž›ĵȱ Š—ȱ –˜œȱ ž›˜™ŽŠ—ȱ
œŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ ŠŸ˜›ȱ ‘Žȱ ›Š—ȱ •’Ž›Š›¢ȱ ›ŽŠŒ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‹˜˜”œȱ ˜›ȱ œŒ‘˜˜•œȱ ˜ȱ
‘˜ž‘ȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ǰȱ ȱŠŸ˜›ȱ‘Žȱœ–Š••Ž›ȱ’—’Ÿ’žŠ•ȱž—’œȱ
˜›ȱ Ž¡œȱ ‘Šȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ Ž—ž’—Ž•¢ȱ Ž–‹ŽŽȱ Ž—Ž›Š’˜—Š•ȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ Ž¡™Ž›’Ȭ
Ž—ŒŽœǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ ȱ ž••¢ȱ Ž—˜›œŽȱ Š—ȱ Œ˜—Œž›ȱ ’‘ȱ •‹Ž›ĵȱ ‘Ž—ȱ ‘Žȱ
Š’‘ž••¢ȱœŠ¢œǰȱȃ ȱŸŽ—ž›Žȱ˜ȱŒ•Š’–ȱ‘Šȱ ’‘˜žȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž¡’•Žǰȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ ˜ž•ȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ–ŠŽȱ‘Žȱ’œŒ˜ŸŽ›¢ȱ˜ȱ–˜—˜‘Ž’œ–ȱ’—ȱ
‘Žȱœ›’ŒȱœŽ—œŽDzȱ ’‘˜žȱ’ǰȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ ˜ž•ȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ›Š—œŒŽ—Žȱ‘Žȱ
•’–’œȱ˜ȱ’œȱ—Š’˜—Š•ȱ›Ž•’’˜—Dzȱ ’‘˜žȱ’ǰȱ‘Žȱ’ŽŠȱ˜ȱŠȱ ˜›•ȱ–’œœ’˜—ȱ
˜ž•ȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŽ–Ž›Žȱ ’‘’—ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ǯȄśş
žŠ‘ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ›’˜ǰȱŽ’Žȱ‹¢ȱŽȱ
’™œŒ‘’œȱŠ—ȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱ•Ž—”’—œ˜™™ȱǻŘŖŖřǼǰŜŖȱ™›˜Ÿ’ŽœȱŒž››Ž—ȱŠ—ȱž™Ȭ
˜ȬŠŽȱŸ’Ž œȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ›˜–ȱŠȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ›Š–Ž ˜›”ȱ˜ȱȃ‘Žȱ
Ž˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ™Ž›’˜ǯȄȱǯȱŽȂœȱŽœœŠ¢ȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱŸ˜•ž–Žǰȱȃ‘Ž›Žȱ’œȱ
‘Žȱȁ¢‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–™¢ȱŠ—Ȃȱ˜ȱŽȱ˜ž—ǵǰȄȱ’œȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱ—˜Ž ˜›Ȭ
‘¢ǯȱ Žȱ Œ˜—Œ•žŽœǰȱ ȃ‘Žȱ –¢‘˜›Š™‘Ž›œȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ Š’•Žȱ ˜ȱ ™›ŽœŽ—ȱ ›ŽŠ•ǰȱ
Œ•ŽŠ›ǰȱž—Žšž’Ÿ˜ŒŠ•ȱ˜Œž–Ž—Š›¢ȱŽŸ’Ž—ŒŽȱ˜ȱœž‹œŠ—’ŠŽȱ‘ŽȱŒ•Š’–ȱ
Œ˜—ŒŽ›—’—ȱȁŠȱœ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ•’Žȱ Ž—ȱ˜—ȱŠŽ›ȱśŞŜȱǯȹǯȱ™›ŽĴ¢ȱ–žŒ‘ȱ
’—ȱ ‘Žȱ œŠ–Žȱ Š¢ȱ Šœȱ ’ȱ ’ȱ ‹Ž˜›Žȱ ‘Žȱ Š››’ŸŠ•ȱ ˜ȱ Ž‹žŒ‘Š—Ž££Š›Ȃœȱ
Š›–’ŽœǯȂȱ •‘˜ž‘ȱ ‘Ž¢ȱ ŒŠ——˜ȱ ™›˜ŸŽȱ ’ǰȱ ˜›ȱ ‘Ž–ȱ ’ȱ ’œȱ Šȱ ŠŒȱ ˜ȱ ‹Žȱ
’—ŸŽ—Žǯȱ —’ŒŠ’˜—œȱŠ—ȱ›Ž–Š’—œȱǻŠ›œŠȱŗşşŜDZȱŝŞǼȱ‹ŠœŽȱ˜—ȱž‹’˜žœȱ
’—Ž›™›ŽŠ’˜—ȱ Š›Žȱ —˜ȱ ŽŸ’Ž—ŒŽȱ ˜›ȱ ™›˜˜dzȱ ˜—ŒŽ›—’—ȱ ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ ŸŽ›Ȭ
œžœȱ–¢‘ǰȱ‘Žȱ™˜’—ȱ˜ȱ›Šœ™ȱ’œȱ‘Šȱ žŠ’œ–ȱ’œȱŠȱ›Ž•’’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ
–Ž–˜›¢ǰȱ—˜ȱŠȱ›Ž•’’˜—ȱ˜ȱ’—ŸŽ—’—ȱ–¢‘œȄȱǻŠž‘˜›Ȃœȱ’Š•’ŒœǼǯŜŗȱ‘’œȱ
Œ˜••ŽŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱŽœœŠ¢œǰȱ’ŸŽ—ȱŠȱŠȱŒ˜—Ž›Ž—ŒŽȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—œȱ’—ȱ
śŞ
ȱ Š’—Ž›ȱ •‹Ž›ĵǰȱ ’Žȱ ¡’•œ£Ž’ȱ ǻȱ ŝDzȱ žĴŠ›DZȱ ǯȱ ˜‘•‘Š––Ž›ǰȱ ŘŖŖŘǼDzȱ ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ ’—ȱ
¡’•ŽDZȱ‘Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ’Ž›Šž›Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’¡‘ȱŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯȱǻ•Š—ŠDZȱ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’Ȭ
ŒŠ•ȱ’Ž›Šž›ŽǰȱŘŖŖřǼǰȱŘŖřȬŚřŚǯȱ˜›ȱŠȱ‹›’Žȱ˜ŸŽ›Ÿ’Ž ǰȱœŽŽȱ–¢ȱ›ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ ˜›”ȱ’—ȱ
ȱŞśȱǻŘŖŖśǼDZȱřŖśȬřŖŝǯ
śş
ȱ •‹Ž›ĵǰȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ’—ȱ¡’•ŽǰȱŚřśȬŚřŜǯ
ŜŖ
ȱ Žȱ’™œŒ‘’œȱŠ—ȱ ˜œŽ™‘ȱ•Ž—”’—œ˜™™ǰȱŽœǯǰȱ žŠ‘ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢Ȭ
•˜—’Š—ȱŽ›’˜ȱǻ’—˜—ŠȱŠ”Žǰȱ —ǯDZȱ’œŽ—‹›Šž—œǰȱŘŖŖřǼǯȱŽŽȱŠ•œ˜ǰȱŽȱ’™œŒ‘’œǰȱ‘Žȱ
Š••ȱ Š—ȱ ’œŽȱ ˜ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–DZȱ žŠ‘ȱž—Ž›ȱ Š‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱž•Žȱ ǻ’—˜—Šȱ Š”Žǰȱ —ǯDZȱ ’œŽ—Ȭ
‹›Šž—œǰȱŘŖŖśǼǯ
Ŝŗ
ȱ ǯȱŽǰȱȃ‘Ž›Žȱ œȱ‘Žȱȁ¢‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–™¢ȱŠ—Ȃȱ˜ȱŽȱ˜ž—ǵȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŸŽ›œžœȱ
¢‘ǰȄȱ’—ȱ žŠ‘ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ›’˜ȱǻŽǯȱŽȱ’™œŒ‘’œȱŠ—ȱ
˜œŽ™‘ȱ•Ž—”’—œ˜™™Dzȱ’—˜—ŠȱŠ”Žǰȱ —’Š—ŠǰȱŘŖŖřǼǰȱŝŖȬŝŗǯ
ŘŘȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

œ›ŠŽ•ǰȱ’œȱ’–Ž•¢ǰȱ‹žȱ‘ŽȱŸ˜•ž–ŽȱŠœȱŠȱ ‘˜•Žȱ˜Žœȱ—˜ȱŠ”Žȱžœȱ’—ȱŠ—¢ȱ
—Ž ȱ’›ŽŒ’˜—ǯȱ—ȱ’›˜—’ŒŠ••¢ǰȱŠ•‘˜ž‘ȱ‘Žȱ’•Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ ˜›”ȱ’œȱŽ˜Ȭ
Š‹¢•˜—’Š—œǰȱ ‘Žȱ –Š“˜›’¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ŽœœŠ¢œȱ Žœ™Ž›ŠŽ•¢ȱ Š—ȱ ˜ȱ –˜ŸŽȱ
’—˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜–˜›ȱ£˜—Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ›œ’Š—ȱ™Ž›’˜ǯ
—›Ž ȱ Ž’—Ȃœȱ ‹ŠŒ”›˜ž—ȱ ˜›”ȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ’—ȱ £ŽȬ
”’Ž•ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ ‘’Œœȱ ˜ȱ ¡’•Žȱ ’œȱ šž’Žȱ ’—˜›–Š’˜—Š•ǯŜŘȱ ž’•’—ȱ ˜—ȱ ǯȹǯȱ
’Œ‘Ž••Ȃœȱ ˜›”ȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŠ–‹›’Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ǰȱŽ’—ȱŠ”Žœȱ‘Žȱ™›ŽŒŽ™ȱ˜ȱ
žŽŠ—œȂȱ‹Ž’—ȱ™žȱ˜ȱ ˜›”ȱ˜—ȱǻ’››’Š’˜—ǼȱŒŠ—Š•œȱ˜›ȱŽŒ˜—˜–’ŒȱŠ’—ȱ
˜ȱ—Ž ȱ‘Ž’‘œǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ‘Žȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱŽŸŽ•˜™œȱ‘’œȱ‹›’••’Š—ȱ˜‹œŽ›ŸŠȬ
’˜—ǰȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ’œȱŠȱ‘ŽȱŸŽ›¢ȱŽœœŽ—ŒŽȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽŠ›ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ
ŽŒ˜—˜–’Œœǯȱ ‘Žȱ œŠ–Žȱ ŒŠ—ȱ ‹Žȱ œŠ’ȱ Š‹˜žȱ ’••ȱ ’•Ž–Šœȱ ǻ‘Ž›ȱ ˜›”ȱ
’••ȱ ‹Žȱ ›ŽŸ’Ž Žȱ ‹Ž•˜ ǼǯŜřȱ ˜‘ȱ ˜ȱ ‘ŽœŽȱ ¡˜›Ȭ›Š’—Žȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ
›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱ ǯȱ ŠŸ’Žœǰȱ ǯȱ ‘˜–™œ˜—ǰȱ ǯȱ Š›œŠǰȱ Š—ȱ Žœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱ ǯȱ
Š››˜••ȂœŜŚȱ ǻŠȱ ›ŽŸ’ŸŠ•ȱ ˜ȱ ǯȹǯȱ ˜››Ž¢ŜśǼȱ Œ›’’šžŽȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•Žȱ ’—ȱ ‘Ž’›ȱ
›Žœ™ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ ˜›”œǯȱ ‘Šȱ ȱ ‘Šȱ Š—’Œ’™ŠŽȱ Š—ȱ ‘˜™Žȱ ˜›ȱ Šœȱ ‘Šȱ
‹˜‘ȱ ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œǰȱ œ’—ŒŽȱ ‘Ž¢ȱ Ž›Žȱ •’Ž›Š••¢ȱ —Ž¡ȱ ˜˜›ȱ ˜ȱ˜—Žȱ ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ ˜›•Ȃœȱ •ŽŠ’—ȱ ŒŽ—Ž›œȱ ˜—ȱ –’›Š’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ ›ŽžŽŽȱ œž’Žœȱ ǻ’ǯȹŽǯǰȱ
‘Žȱ¡˜›ȱŽ—›Žȱ˜›ȱŽžŽŽȱž¢Ǽǰȱ ˜ž•ȱ–˜ŸŽȱ˜ Š›ȱŠȱŒ›˜œœȬ
’—Ž›’œŒ’™•’—Š›¢ȱŽ—Ž›™›’œŽǰȱ›’Œ‘•¢ȱ‹Ž—Žę’—ȱ‘Žȱž’•ȱ˜ȱž›˜™ŽŠ—ȱ
Š—ȱ˜›‘ȱ–Ž›’ŒŠ—ȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱŽ’—ȱŠ—ȱ’•ŽȬ
–Šœȱ‹˜‘ȱŒ‘˜œŽȱ˜ȱ–˜ŸŽȱ‘Ž’›ȱ ˜›”ȱ’—ȱŠȱ’쎛Ž—ȱ’›ŽŒ’˜—ǰȱž›—’—ȱ
›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ™Š‘ȱ‘Šȱ‘Ž’›ȱ˜›Ž›ž——Ž›ȱ–’‘Ȭ‘›’œ˜™‘Ž›ȱ™ŠŸŽǯȱ —Ž›Ȭ
Žœ’—•¢ǰȱ’—ȱ™›’ŸŠŽȱŒ˜—ŸŽ›œŠ’˜—œǰȱŽŠŒ‘ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŒ˜••ŽŠžŽœȱ—˜Žȱ‘Šȱ
‘Ž¢ȱ‘˜ž‘ȱŠ‹˜žȱŠ”’—ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ›Žœ™ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ ˜›”ȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱ’›ŽŒ’˜—ȱ‹žȱ
ž•’–ŠŽ•¢ȱ’ȱ—˜ȱ˜••˜ ȱ‘›˜ž‘ǯ

ŜŘ
ȱ —›Ž ȱ Ž’—ȱ ǻ£Ž”’Ž•ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ ‘’Œœȱ ˜ȱ ¡’•Žȱ ǽ¡˜›DZȱ ¡˜›ȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ
ŘŖŖŗǾǰȱŜŘǼȱ–Š”ŽœȱŠ—ȱ’–™˜›Š—ȱ˜‹œŽ›ŸŠ’˜—DZȱȃžȱ’ȱœŽŽ–œȱ•’”Ž•¢ȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ–Š“˜›’¢ȱ
˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žœȱ Ž›ŽȱœŽĴ•Žȱ’—ȱŠ›’Œž•ž›Š•ȱŒ˜––ž—’’ŽœȱŠ—ȱ™žȱ˜ȱ ˜›”ȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—ȱ
Š—ȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŒŠ—Š•œȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ ŠŽ›Žȱ‘Žȱ›Š’—ȱꎕœȱ˜ȱŽœ˜™˜Š–’Šǯȱ‘Žȱ›Ž’›ŽŒ’˜—ȱ
˜ȱ –Š—™˜ Ž›ǰȱ ‘Žȱ –˜œȱ ’–™˜›Š—ȱ ŽŒ˜—˜–’Œȱ ›Žœ˜ž›ŒŽȱ ’—ȱ Š—¢ȱ Š›Š›’Š—ȱ œ˜Œ’Ž¢ǰȱ ‘Šȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ
˜—Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–˜œȱ’–™˜›Š—ȱž—Œ’˜—œȱ˜ȱŽ™˜›Š’˜—ȱ™˜•’Œ¢ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ‹Ž’——’—ȄȱǻŽ–™‘Šœ’œȱ
ŠŽǼǯȱ‘’œȱŠœŒ’—Š’—ȱŠ—ȱ›˜ž—Ȭ‹›ŽŠ”’—ȱ™˜’—ȱ—ŽŽœȱž••ȱŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ǯȱǯȱ
ǯȹǯȱ’Œ‘Ž••ǰȱȁŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ¡’•ŽȱŠ—ȱ‘ŽȱŽœ˜›Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ Ž œȱ’—ȱŠ•Žœ’—ŽȂȱ’—ȱȃ‘Žȱ
œœ¢›’Š—ȱ Š—ȱ Š‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ –™’›Žœȱ Š—ȱ ‘Ž›ȱ ŠŽœȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ŽŠ›ȱ Šœǰȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘Žȱ
’‘‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’¡‘ȱŽ—ž›’ŽœȱǯȹǯǰȄȱ‘ŽȱŠ–‹›’Žȱ—Œ’Ž—ȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱǻ˜•ǯȱřȱ™ǯȱŘDzȱؗȱ
ŽǯDzȱŽǯȱ ǯȱ›˜Š–Š—ǰȱ ǯȹǯȹǯȱ Š›œǰȱŽȱŠ•ǯDzȱŠ–‹›’ŽDZȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜ȱŠ–‹›’Žǰȱ
ŗşşŗǼǰȱŚŘŘǯ
Ŝř
ȱ ’••ȱ’•Ž–Šœǰȱ›˜ž‹•Žœȱ˜ȱŽ–™•Ž•Žœœȱ žŠ‘ȱǻ¡˜›DZȱ¡˜›ȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŘŖŖśǼǯ
ŜŚ
ȱ ŽŽȱǯȱŠ››˜••ǰȱȃ¡’•ŽǷȱ‘Šȱ¡’•ŽǵȱŽ™˜›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ’œŒ˜ž›œŽœȱ˜ȱ’Šœ™˜›ŠǰȄȱ
’—ȱŽŠ’—ȱŠ™’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ™’ŸŽDZȱȁ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽȂȱŠœȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ Ž˜•˜¢ǰȱŝŚDzȱŒǯǰȱǯȹǯȱ˜››Ž¢ǰȱ
£›Šȱž’Žœȱǻ‘’ŒŠ˜DZȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’ŒŠ˜ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşŗŖǼǰȱŘŞŝȬŘŞŞǯ
Ŝś
ȱ ‘Š›•Žœȱǯȱ˜››Ž¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ˜–™˜œ’’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱŠ•žŽȱ˜ȱ£›ŠȬŽ‘Ž–’Š‘ȱǻȱŘDzȱ
’ŽđŽ—DZȱ ǯȱ’Œ”Ž›ǰȱŗŞşŜǼǰȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱŜŘȬŜśǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ Řř

Žž›—’—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ŒŽ—›Š•ȱ ’œœžŽȱ Šȱ ‘Š—ǰȱ œ’—ŒŽȱ ǯȹǯȱ ˜››Ž¢Ȃœȱ Œ˜–Ȭ
–Ž—œȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŒ˜–Žȱ˜ȱ™•Š¢ȱœžŒ‘ȱŠ—ȱ’–™˜›Š—ȱ›˜•Žȱ’—ȱ˜ž›ȱŒ˜—Ž–™˜Ȭ
›Š›¢ȱ ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•Žǰȱ ’ȱ ˜ž•ȱ ‹Žȱ ‘Ž•™ž•ȱ ˜›ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ ˜ȱ ‹Žȱ
ž••¢ȱŠ Š›Žȱ˜ȱ ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱŠŒžŠ••¢ȱœŠ’ǯ
—ȱ–˜Ž›—ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱœŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱŽ¡’•Žȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ’ŸŽ—ȱ‘ŽȱŒŽ—Ȭ
›Š•ȱ ™•ŠŒŽǰȱ Š—ȱ –ŠŽȱ ‘Žȱ ˜–’—Š’—ȱ ŠŒ˜›ǰȱ ’—ȱ ‹˜‘ȱ ‘Žȱ ›Ž•’’˜žœȱ Š—ȱ
‘Žȱ •’Ž›Š›¢ȱ ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž‹›Ž œǯȱ ‘’œȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ™’˜—ȱ ’œǰȱ ’—ȱ ŠŒǰȱ ˜—Žȱ ˜ȱ
‘Žȱ–˜œȱŒ‘Š›ŠŒŽ›’œ’ŒȱŽŠž›Žœȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒ›’’ŒŠ•ȱ‘Ž˜›¢ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ’—ȱ˜ž›ȱŽ—Ȭ
Ž›Š’˜—ȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱŽ•Š‹˜›ŠŽȱ‹¢ȱŽ••‘ŠžœŽ—ǰȱ˜‹Ž›œ˜—ȱ–’‘ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ
Ž••˜ œȱŠ—ȱœžŒŒŽœœ˜›œǰȱŠ—ȱ’œȱ—˜ ȱ‘Ž•ȱ‹¢ȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–˜›ŽȱŠŸŠ—ŒŽȱ•ȱ
ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œǯȱ›Š’‘ȱŠŒ›˜œœȱ‘ŽȱŠŒŽȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•’Žȱ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ’œȱ›Š —ȱ
Šȱ ‘ŽŠŸ¢ȱ •’—Žǰȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•Žǰȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ ’œȱ œž™™˜œŽȱ ˜ȱ –Š›”ȱ Šȱ ŸŽ›¢ȱ Š‹›ž™ȱ Š—ȱ
Œ˜–™•ŽŽȱŒ‘Š—Žȱ’—ȱŠ•–˜œȱŽŸŽ›¢ȱœ™‘Ž›Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™Ž˜™•ŽȂœȱ•’Žǯȱ‹˜ŸŽȱ‘Žȱ
•’—Žȱ’œȱŒŠ••Žȱ‘Žȱȃ™›˜™‘Ž’ŒȄȱ™Ž›’˜ȱŠ—ȱ‹Ž•˜ ȱ’ȱ’œȱ‘Žȱȃ•ŽŠ•Ȅȱ™Ž›’˜ǰȱ
‘Žȱ•ŠĴŽ›ȱ‹Ž’—ȱ›ŽŠ›ŽȱŠœȱŠ•˜Ž‘Ž›ȱ’—Ž›’˜›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜›–Ž›ǯȱŽ˜›Žȱ‘Žȱ
Ž¡’•Žǰȱ‘Žȱ›ŽŠȱ ›’Ž›œȱŠ—ȱ™›ŽŠŒ‘Ž›œȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•DzȱŠŽ›ȱ’ǰȱ’—Ž›’˜›ȱŽŠŒ‘Ž›œȱ
Š—ȱ’–’Š˜›œǯȱ —ȱ‘ŽȱŽŠ›•’Ž›ȱ™Ž›’˜ǰȱŠȱŒ˜—’—ž˜žœȱŠ—ȱŠ–’›Š‹•ŽȱŽŸŽ•Ȭ
˜™–Ž—ǰȱ’—ȱ—Š’˜—Š•ȱŒ‘Š›ŠŒŽ›ǰȱ•’Ž›Šž›ŽǰȱŠ—ȱ›Ž•’’˜—Dzȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ•ŠĴŽ›ȱ™Ž›’Ȭ
˜ǰȱŠȱ•˜ ȱ•ŽŸŽ•ȱŠȱ‘ŽȱœŠ›ǰȱŠ—ȱŠȱœŽŠ¢ȱŽŒ•’—Žǰȱ’—ȱŠ••ȱ‘ŽœŽȱ›Žœ™ŽŒœǯȱ
‘Žȱ‘Ž˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ’œŽ•ǰȱŠ—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ—Šž›Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱȃ›Žœ˜›Š’˜—ȄȱŠŽ›ȱ
’ǰȱ’œȱž—Š–Ž—Š•ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŒ˜—ŒŽ™’˜—œǯȱŒŒ˜›’—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠŒŒŽ™ŽȱŸ’Ž ǰȱ
‘Žȱ Ž œȱ ‘˜ȱ ‘Šȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ Ž™˜›Žȱ ˜ȱ Š‹¢•˜—’Šȱ ™›Ž™Š›Žȱ ‘Žȱ Ž•Š‹˜›ŠŽȱ
›’žŠ•ȱŒ˜Žȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ Šœȱ˜ȱ›Žž•ŠŽȱ‘Žȱ•’Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ—Ž ȱŒ˜––ž—’¢ǯȱ—ȱ
‘Žȱ›Žœ˜›Žȱ œ›ŠŽ•ǰȱŠŽ›ȱ‘Žȱ•˜—ȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ˜ȱœžœ™Ž—ŽȱŠ—’–Š’˜—ǰȱ ŠœȱŠȱ
Œ‘ž›Œ‘ȱ˜ž—Žȱ›˜–ȱ ’‘˜žǰȱŠ—ȱŠȱŒ˜––ž—’¢ȱŽŸ˜’—ȱ’œŽ•ȱ‘Ž—ŒŽȬ
˜›‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœž¢ȱŠ—ȱ™›ŠŒ’ŒŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ—Ž ȱŒŽ›Ž–˜—’Š•ȱ•Š ǯȱ‘’œȱ’œȱŠȱ‘˜›Ȭ
˜ž‘•¢ȱ–’œŠ”Ž—ȱ‘Ž˜›¢ǯȱ˜ȱŠ›ȱŠœȱ‘Žȱ Ž œȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—’ŠȱŠ›ŽȱŒ˜—ŒŽ›—Žǰȱ’ȱ
’œȱ—˜ȱ•’”Ž•¢ȱ‘Šȱ‘Ž¢ȱŽŸŽ›ȱŽ¡Ž›Œ’œŽȱŠ—¢ȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›Š‹•Žȱ’—ĚžŽ—ŒŽȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž œȱ ’—ȱ žŽŠǯȱ Žȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ —˜ȱ ›žœ ˜›‘¢ȱ ŽŸ’Ž—ŒŽȱ ‘Šȱ Š—¢ȱ —ž–Ž›˜žœȱ
Œ˜–™Š—¢ȱ›Žž›—Žȱ›˜–ȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Šǰȱ—˜›ȱ’œȱ’ȱ’—›’—œ’ŒŠ••¢ȱ•’”Ž•¢ȱ‘ŠȱœžŒ‘ȱ
Šȱ›Žž›—ȱ˜˜”ȱ™•ŠŒŽǯŜŜ

Š››˜••ȱ —˜Žœȱ ‘Šȱ ȃ ȱ Ž—ȱ ˜ȱ Š›ŽŽȱ ’‘ȱ ‘’–ȱ ‘Šȱ ‘Žȱ ˜–’—Š—ȱ
—˜’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ’—ȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ’œȱȁŠȱ‘˜›˜ž‘•¢ȱ–’œŠ”Ž—ȱ
‘Ž˜›¢ǯȂȄŜŝȱ‘ŠȂœȱŠœŒ’—Š’—ȱ’—ȱŠ››˜••Ȃœȱ ˜›œȱ’œȱ ‘Šȱ‘ŽȂœȱ•Žȱ˜žǷȱ
žĴ’—ȱ’ȱŠ—˜‘Ž›ȱ Š¢ǰȱŠ››˜••ȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱŽ—ž–Ž›ŠŽœȱ˜—ȱ˜››Ž¢Ȃœȱ™˜’—ȱ
Š‹˜žȱ ‘ŠȱŒ˜–Žœȱ‹Ž˜›ŽȱŠ—ȱŠŽ›ȱ‘Žȱ ˜›œǰȱȃ‘’œȱ’œȱŠȱ‘˜›˜ž‘•¢ȱ
–’œŠ”Ž—ȱ‘Ž˜›¢ǯȄȱŠ››˜••ȱ‘Šœȱœ’–™•¢ȱŠ”Ž—ȱ‘ŽœŽȱ ˜›œȱ˜žȱ˜ȱŒ˜—Ȭ
Ž¡ȱ ˜ȱ ’ŸŽȱ Œ›ŽŽ—ŒŽȱ ˜ȱ ‘’œȱ ™˜’—ǯȱ ‘Šȱ ’œȱ Œ›’’ŒŠ•ȱ ˜ȱ —˜Žȱ ’œȱ ‘Šȱ

ŜŜ
ȱ ǯȹǯȱ ˜››Ž¢ǰȱ £›Šȱ ž’Žœȱ ǻ›Ž™›’—Žȱ Š—ȱ Ž’Žȱ ’‘ȱ Šȱ ›˜•Ž˜–Ž—˜—ȱ ‹¢ȱ ǯȹǯȱ
’—Žœ™›’—DzȱŽ ȱ˜›”DZȱ ȱž‹•’œ‘’—ȱ ˜žœŽǰȱ —ŒǯǰȱŗşŝŖǼǰȱŘŞŝȬŘŞŞǯ
Ŝŝ
ȱ ŽŽȱŠ››˜••ǰȱȃ¡’•ŽǷȱ‘Šȱ¡’•ŽǵȱŽ™˜›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ’œŒ˜ž›œŽœȱ˜ȱ’Šœ™˜›ŠǰȄȱŝŚDzȱ
˜››Ž¢ǰȱ£›Šȱž’ŽœǰȱŘŞŞǯ
ŘŚȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

˜››Ž¢ȱ Šœȱ˜›’’—Š••¢ȱŒ˜—ŒŽ›—Žȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱ

Š¢ǰȱ Šœȱ ›ŽĚŽŒŽȱ ’—ȱ Ž••‘ŠžœŽ—ȱ Š—ȱ ˜‹Ž›œ˜—ȱ –’‘ȱ Ȯȱ ‘Žȱ ‘ŽŠŸ¢ȱ
•’—Žȱ ˜ȱ ȃ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•ŽǰȄȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ Ž–Š›ŒŠŽȱ ›ŽŽȱ Š—ȱ Œ›ŽŠ’ŸŽȱ ™›˜™‘Ž’Œȱ
ŠŒ’Ÿ’¢ȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘Žȱ ’—Ž›’˜›ȱ ™›’Žœ•¢ȱ ˜›ȱ •ŽŠ•ȱ ›’’—œDzȱ ’ȱ ’œȱ ‘’œȱ ™Ž›Ȭ
œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ˜ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ Žȱ—˜ȱ•˜—Ž›ȱŠ‘Ž›Žǯȱ —ȱŠŒǰȱ˜››Ž¢ȱ’œȱžœ’—ȱ‘Šȱ
œŽ—Ž—ŒŽȱ˜ȱŽœŠ‹•’œ‘ȱœŽ–Š—’ŒŠ••¢ȱ‘Žȱ—˜’˜—ȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ Ž œȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢Ȭ
•˜—ȱ ‘Šȱ ŸŽ›¢ȱ •’Ĵ•Žȱ ’—ĚžŽ—ŒŽȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ ™›ŠŒ’ŒŽȱ ˜ȱ ŒŽ›Ž–˜—’Š•ȱ •Š ȱ ˜›ȱ
˜‘Ž›ȱ ™›ŽŒŽ™œȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž œȱ ’—ȱ žŠ‘ȱ ǻŽ‘žǼǯȱ ˜››Ž¢ȱ Šœȱ ™›’–Š›’•¢ȱ
Œ˜—ŒŽ›—Žȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱŽ™’Œ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž œȱ›Žž›—’—ȱ˜ȱ žŽŠȱ
ǻœ’—ŒŽȱ‘Ž›Žȱ ŠœȱŠȱ•Š›ŽȱŒ˜––ž—’¢ȱ‘Šȱ›Ž–Š’—Žȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ȱȮȱ‘Žȱ
Œ˜––ž—’¢ȱ‘Šȱ ˜ž•ȱŽŸŽ—žŠ••¢ȱŒ˜–Žȱ˜ȱ™›˜žŒŽȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ
Š•–žǼǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ Žȱ Žȱ Šȱ –žŒ‘ȱ –˜›Žȱ •žŒ’ȱ ™’Œž›Žȱ ˜ȱ ˜››Ž¢Ȃœȱ
˜›’’—Š•ȱ‘˜ž‘ȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŒ‘Š™Ž›ȱ’•Žȱȃ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ
Žœ˜›Š’˜—Ȅȱ’—ȱ‘’œȱ£›Šȱž’Žœǯ
—ȱ£›Šȱž’Žœǰȱ˜››Ž¢ȱŒ˜—’—žŽœȱ˜ȱ™›ŽœœȱŠ—ȱ ˜›”œȱ˜ȱ›Ž’›ŽŒȱ‘Žȱ
Ž–Š›ŒŠ’˜—ȱ˜ȱȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽŠŸ¢ȱŠ—ȱ‘’Œ”ȱ•’—Žȱ˜ȱȃ‘Žȱ
Ž¡’•ŽȄȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜—ŽȱŽę—’—ȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ–˜–Ž—ǰȱȃ‘ŽȱŒŠŠœ›˜™‘Žȱ˜ȱśŞŜȄȱ
Ȯȱ‘ŽȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•ŽȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱœ˜ȬŒŠ••ŽȱȃŒ˜–™•ŽŽȱŽ•’–’—ŠȬ
’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–˜—Š›Œ‘¢ǯȄȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ ‘Šȱ’œȱ–˜œȱ’›˜—’ŒȱŠ‹˜žȱ‘’œȱ™˜’—ȱ
’œȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱŒŠŠœ›˜™‘Žȱ˜ȱśŞŜȱǻ˜›ȱśŞŝȱǯȹǯȹǯǼȱ’œȱ’—ŽŽȱŠȱ™Š›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž¡’•’Œȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ǻŠ™™›˜¡’–ŠŽ•¢ȱ œŽŸŽ—¢ŜŞȱ ˜ȱ Ž’‘¢ȬŽ’‘Ŝşȱ ¢ŽŠ›œǼǰȱ Š—ȱ
‹¢ȱśŞŝȱ˜›ȱśŞŜǰȱ‘Žȱ–˜—Š›Œ‘¢ȱ‘ŠȱŠ•›ŽŠ¢ȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ›Ž•’—šž’œ‘Žǯȱžȱ‘Žȱ
–˜œȱœŽ›’˜žœȱ™›˜‹•Ž–ȱ’—ȱŠ››˜••Ȃœȱ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ’œȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ˜—•¢ȱ™›ŽœŽ—œȱ
˜—ŽȬ‘Š•ȱ˜ȱ˜››Ž¢Ȃœȱ‘˜ž‘ǯȱ˜››Ž¢ȂœȱŒ•Š’–ȱ‘Šȱ—˜ȱȃ—ž–Ž›˜žœȱŒ˜–Ȭ
™Š—¢ȱ›Žž›—Žȱ›˜–ȱŠ‹¢•˜—’ŠȄŝŖȱ’œȱŸŽ›¢ȱ’œ’—Œ’ŸŽȱ’—ȱŒ˜–™Š›’œ˜—ȱ˜ȱ
‘Šȱ‘Žȱ‘˜ž‘ȱŠ‹˜žȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽDZ
—ȱ›ŽŠ›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱœž‹œŽšžŽ—ȱ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ‘˜œŽȱ ‘˜ȱ Ž›ŽȱŽ™˜›Žǰȱ‘Ž›Žȱ
ŒŠ—ȱ ‹Žȱ —˜ȱ šžŽœ’˜—Dzȱ •’”Žȱ ‘Žȱ –Ž–‹Ž›œȱ ˜ȱ ŽŸŽ›¢ȱ ˜‘Ž›ȱ Ž™˜›Š’˜—ǰȱ ‘Ž¢ȱ
œŽĴ•Žȱ ˜ —ȱ ™›˜–™•¢ȱ Š—ȱ ™Ž›–Š—Ž—•¢ȱ ’—ȱ ‘Ž’›ȱ —Ž ȱ œž››˜ž—’—œǰȱ
Ž—Š’—ȱ ’—ȱ ŽŸŽ›¢ȱ œ˜›ȱ ˜ȱ •žŒ›Š’ŸŽȱ ˜ŒŒž™Š’˜—ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ Šœȱ ’‘’—ȱ ‘Ž’›ȱ
›ŽŠŒ‘ǰȱŠ—ȱŠ˜™’—ȱž—›ŽœŽ›ŸŽ•¢ȱ˜›ȱ‘Ž–œŽ•ŸŽœȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž’›ȱ™˜œŽ›’¢ȱ‘Žȱ
Œ˜ž—›¢ȱ ’—˜ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ ‘Ž¢ȱ ‘Šȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ ›Š—œ™•Š—Žǯȱ Žȱ ŒŠ—ȱ ‹Žȱ ›ŽŠœ˜—Š‹•¢ȱ
ŒŽ›Š’—ǰȱŽŸŽ—ȱ ’‘˜žȱ’›ŽŒȱŽŸ’Ž—ŒŽǰȱ‘Šȱ ’‘’—ȱŠȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ˜›ȱ ˜ǰȱ–˜œȱ
˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ™›’—Œ’™Š•ȱ –Ž›Œ‘Š—œȱ Š—ȱ ꗊ—Œ’Ž›œȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ’œ›’Œœȱ ›˜ž—ȱ Š‹˜žȱ

ŜŞ
ȱ ˜››Ž¢ȱŠ”Žœȱ’œœžŽȱ ’‘ȱ‘ŽȱœŽŸŽ—¢ȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱŠœȱŠȱ™˜Ž’ŒŠ•ȱ’ŽŠȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱȃœŠ‹‹Š‘ȱ›ŽœǯȄȱ
ŽŽȱ˜››Ž¢ǰȱ£›Šȱž’ŽœǰȱŘŞśǯȱ —ȱŒ˜—›Šœǰȱ‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ’—œŒ›’™’˜—ȱ˜ȱ
œŠ›‘Š˜—ȱŒ•ŽŠ›•¢ȱ—˜Žœȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱœŽŸŽ—¢ȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ’œȱ›ŽĚŽŒŽȱŠœȱŠȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ˜ȱ“žȬ
–Ž—ǯȱŽŽȱ’Ž”Ž•Žȱ˜›Ž›ǰȱ’Žȱ —œŒ‘›’Ž—ȱœŠ›‘Š˜—œȱ 㗒œȱŸ˜—ȱœœ¢›’Ž—ȱǻȱşDzȱ
›Š£DZȱ –ȱŽ•‹œŸŽ›•ŠȱŽœȱ Ž›ŠžœŽ‹Ž›œǰȱŗşśŜǼǰȱŗśǯ
Ŝş
ȱ ŽŽȱ •‹Ž›ĵȂœȱ ›ŽŠ–Ž—ȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ œ’¡ȱ Š‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ ”’—œǰȱ ȃ‘Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ¡’•’Œȱ
›ŠǰȄȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ’—ȱ¡’•ŽDZȱ‘Žȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱŠ—ȱ’Ž›Šž›Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’¡‘ȱŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯǰȱŚśȬŝŖǯ
ŝŖ
ȱ ˜››Ž¢ǰȱ£›Šȱž’ŽœǰȱŘŞŞǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ Řś

‘ŽœŽȱŒ˜•˜—’Žœȱ Ž›ŽȱŒ‘’•›Ž—ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•DzȱŠ—ȱ‘ŠȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱšž˜—Š–ȱŽ¡’•Žœǰȱ

˜ȱ ‘ŠŽŸŽ›ȱ›ŠŽȱ˜›ȱ˜ŒŒž™Š’˜—ǰȱ Ž›Žȱ‘Š›ȱŠȱ ˜›”ǰȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ’›Ž•Žœœȱ’—žœȬ
›¢ȱŠ—ȱ™›ŠŒ’ŒŠ•ȱŠ•Ž›—Žœœȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŠ• Š¢œȱŒ‘Š›ŠŒŽ›’£Žȱ‘Žȱ›ŠŒŽǯŝŗ
ž›‘Ž›–˜›Žǰȱ’—ȱŠȱ›Žœ™˜—œŽȱŽœœŠ¢ȱ˜ȱǯȹǯȱ•‹›’‘ȂœȱŠŒŒžœŠ’˜—ȱ‘Šȱ
˜››Ž¢ȱ ‘Šȱ Ž—’Žȱ Š—ȱ ’œ–’œœŽȱ ‘Žȱ Š›Œ‘ŠŽ˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ ŽŸ’Ž—ŒŽȱ ˜ȱ
Ž‹žŒ‘Š›Ž££Š›ȂœȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ žŠ‘ǰȱ‘Žȱ›Ž™•’ŽœDZ
—ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜—›Š›¢ǰȱ’—ȱ–¢ȱ£›Šȱž’Žœǰȱ™ǯȱŘşŖǰȱ ȱ›Ž–Š›”Žȱ‘ŠȱŽ‹žŒ‘Š›Ž£Ȭ
£Š›ȱ ȃ’ȱ ‘’œȱ ˜›”ȱ ˜ȱ ŽŸŠœŠ’˜—ȱ ‘˜›˜ž‘•¢ǯȄȱ ŽŽȱ Š•œ˜ȱ ™ǯȱ Řşşǰȱ ȃŒ’’Žœȱ
œŠŒ”ŽȱŠ—ȱŽœ›˜¢ŽȄDzȱ™ǯȱřŖŚǰȱȃ‘ŽȱŽŸŠœŠ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™›˜Ÿ’—ŒŽȄDzȱŽŒ˜—ȱ
œŠ’Š‘ǰȱ ™ǯȱ ŜŘǰȱ ȃ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—ȱ Ÿ’••ŠŽœȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ ‘Šȱ ‹ŽŽ—ȱ ‘˜••¢ȱ ˜›ȱ ™Š›’Š••¢ȱ
Š‹Š—˜—ŽǯȄȱ ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱ˜ž‹Žȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱŽŸŠœŠ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ žŽŠȱ Šœȱ‘˜›Ȭ
˜ž‘˜’—ǯŝŘ
ȱ’œȱ‘’œȱž—Š–Ž—Š•ȱœŽŒ˜—ȱ‘Š•ȱ˜ȱ˜››Ž¢Ȃœȱ‘˜ž‘œȱ‘Šȱ’œȱŒ›žȬ
Œ’Š••¢ȱ Š—ȱ ŒŽ—›Š••¢ȱ –’œœ’—ȱ ’—ȱ Š››˜••Ȃœȱ ŠœœŽœœ–Ž—ǯȱ ••ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ
šž˜’—ȱ˜›ȱ›ŽŽ›Ž—Œ’—ȱŠ››˜••Ȃœȱ ˜›”ȱ ’‘˜žȱŒŠ›Žž••¢ȱ›ŽŠ’—ȱŠ••ȱ
˜ȱ˜››Ž¢Ȃœȱ‘˜ž‘œȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ›Žšž’›Žȱ‘’œȱ’–™˜›Š—ȱŒ˜››ŽŒ’˜—ǯ
˜›Žȱ›ŽŒŽ—•¢ǰȱŠȱŒ˜—›’‹ž’˜—ȱ˜ȱ–Š“˜›ȱ™›˜™˜›’˜—ȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽȱŒŠ–Žȱ
˜žȱ’—ȱŘŖŖśǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ˜›ȱœ˜–Žȱž—Ž¡™•Š’—Š‹•Žȱ›ŽŠœ˜—ǰȱ‘’œȱ ˜›”ȱ‘Šœȱ
˜—Žȱ Ÿ’›žŠ••¢ȱ ž——˜’ŒŽǯȱ —ȱ –¢ȱ “ž–Ž—ǰȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž›–Š—ȱ œ’Žȱ ˜ȱ
Ž¡’•’Œȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ǰȱ 㛗ȱ ’ŽŽ›Ȃœȱ¡’•ȱž—ȱ’Šœ™˜›Šȱ’œȱŠ—ȱ’—’œȬ
™Ž—œŠ‹•ŽȱŒ˜—›’‹ž’˜—ǯȱ’‘ȱ Ž›–Š—ȱ™›ŽŒ’œ’˜—ǰȱ‘ŽȱŝŜŖȬ™ŠŽȱ–˜—˜Ȭ
›Š™‘ȱŠ”Žœȱžœȱ‘›˜ž‘ȱŠȱŒ˜—Œ˜›Š—ŒŽȬ•Ž¡’ŒŠ•Ȭœž¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱȃ’‹•’œŒ‘Žȱ
Ž¡Žǰȱ ž–›Š—Ž¡Žǰȱ Š——Š’’œŒ‘Žȱ Ž¡Žǰȱ ¢—Š˜Ž—Ȭ’ž›’Žǰȱ Š—ȱ
›’ŽŒ‘’œŒ‘Žȱ ž—ȱ •ŠŽ’—’œŒ‘Žȱ ’Ž›Šž›ǯȄŝřȱ Ž‘˜˜•˜’ŒŠ••¢ǰȱ ’ŽŽ›ȱ
’œȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ ›’‘ȱ ›ŠŒ”ǰȱ ŒŠ••’—ȱ ˜›ȱ Šȱ ’œŠ—Œ’—ȱ ›˜–ȱ ‘Žȱ ˜•Ž›ȱ ›Š’Ȭ
’˜—Š•ȱ’—Ž›™›ŽŠ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ–˜Ž•ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽȱŠ—ȱ’Šœ™˜›Šǯȱ ŽȱœŽŽ”œȱŠȱ
‹›˜ŠŽ›ȱŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱ ‘Šȱ•’Žȱ Šœȱ•’”ŽȱŠœȱŽ™˜›ŽŽœȱ˜›ȱŽ–’›Š—œȱ˜žœ’Žȱ
œ›ŠŽ•ȱǻ˜›ȱ žŠ‘Ǽǯ
Ž›ȱ›˜đŽȱ–Š—ȱŽ›ȱ—Ž›œžŒ‘ž—ȱ‘ŠȱœŽ’—Žȱ›œŠŒ‘Žȱ’—ȱŽ’—Ž›ȱ–Ž‘˜Ȭ
’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ ›ž—Ž—œŒ‘Ž’ž—ǯȱ–ȱ’ŽȱŠ—’”Ž—ȱ“û’œŒ‘Ž—ȱŽžž—Ž—ȱŸ˜—ȱ

ŝŗ
ȱ ˜››Ž¢ǰȱ £›Šȱ ž’Žœǰȱ ŘşŖǯȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡™›Žœœ’˜—ȱ ȃ ‘’Œ‘ȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ Š• Š¢œȱ Œ‘Š›ŠŒŽ›’£Žȱ ‘Žȱ
›ŠŒŽȄȱŒ˜ž•ȱ‹Žȱ–’œŠ”Ž—•¢ȱž—Ž›œ˜˜ȱ‹¢ȱœ˜–ŽȱŠœȱ˜ěŽ—œ’ŸŽǯȱžȱ‘Ž›Žǰȱ˜››Ž¢ȱ’œȱ
Ž–™‘Šœ’£’—ȱ‘Žȱ™˜œ’’ŸŽȱŠ—ȱ’—Œ›Ž’‹•Žȱ ˜›”ȱŽ‘˜œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ Ž œȱ˜ȱ‘’œȱŠ¢ȱŠ—ȱ˜ȱ
‘˜œŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜ‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ǯȱ‘Žȱ™‘›ŠœŽȱ’œȱ—˜ȱ›ŠŒ’Š••¢ȱ˜›ȱ™Ž“˜›Š’ŸŽ•¢ȱ–˜’ŸŠŽǯȱ˜›ȱŠ—ȱ
˜•Ž›ȱ‹žȱŽ¡ŒŽ••Ž—ȱ™’ŽŒŽȱ˜—ȱ—Š–Žœȱ ’‘ȱ‹˜‘ȱ›Š–Š’ŒȱŠ—ȱ””Š’Š—ȱǻŒž—Ž’˜›–Ǽȱ
¢™˜—¢–œȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱž›Šñúȱ˜Œž–Ž—ǰȱœŽŽȱ•‹Ž›ȱǯȱ•Š¢ǰȱȃ›Š–Š’Œȱ —˜›œŽ–Ž—œȱ
˜—ȱ‘Žȱ˜Œž–Ž—œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱž›Šñúȱ˜—œǰȄȱ’—ȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱŽ–’’Œȱž’ŽœDZȱ —ȱŽ–˜›¢ȱ
˜ȱ ’••’Š–ȱ Š’—Ž¢ȱ Š›™Ž›ȱ ǻ˜•ǯȱ ŗDzȱ Žǯȱ ˜‹Ž›ȱ ›Š—Œ’œȱ Š›™Ž›ǰȱ ›Š—Œ’œȱ ›˜ —ǰȱ Š—ȱ
Ž˜›Žȱ˜˜ȱ˜˜›ŽDzȱ‘’ŒŠ˜DZȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜ȱ‘’ŒŠ˜ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşŖŞǼǰȱŘŞřȬřŘŗǯ
ŝŘ
ȱ ‘Š›•Žœȱǯȱ˜››Ž¢ǰȱȃ£Ž”’Ž•ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ¡’•ŽǯȱȱŽ™•¢ǰȄȱ ȱśŗȱǻŗşřŘǼDZȱŗŝşȬŗŞŗǯ
ŝř
ȱ 㛗ȱ ’ŽŽ›ǰȱ¡’•ȱž—ȱ’Šœ™˜›ŠDZȱŽ›’ĝ’Œ‘”Ž’ȱž—ȱŽžž—Ž—ȱ’–ȱŠ—’”Ž—ȱ žŽ—ž–ȱž—ȱ
’—ȱŽ›ȱ Ž‹›§’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ’‹Ž•ȱǻ ȱŗşDzȱŽ’™£’DZȱŸŠ—Ž•’œŒ‘ŽȱŽ›•ŠœŠ—œŠ•ǰȱŘŖŖśǼǯ
ŘŜȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

¡’•ȱ ž—ȱ ’Šœ™˜›Šȱ ’—ȱ ”›’’œŒ‘Ž›ȱ ’œŠ—£ȱ £žȱ §—’Ž—ȱ ˜›ž›Ž’•Ž—ȱ £žȱ
‹Ž•ŽžŒ‘Ž—ǰȱ –žœœȱ Ž’—ȱ –㐕’Œ‘œȱ ‹›Ž’Žœȱ ž—ȱ ›Ž™›§œŽ—Š’ŸŽœȱ ™Ž”›ž–ȱ
Ÿ˜—ȱŽ¡Ž—ǰȱ’—ȱŽ—Ž—ȱŠœȱŠ—’”Žȱ žŽ—ž–ȱœŽ•‹œȱû‹Ž›ȱŽ™˜›Š’˜—ǰȱ–’Ȭ
›Š’˜—ȱž—ȱ“û’œŒ‘ŽœȱŽ‹Ž—ȱŠžđŽ›‘Š•‹ȱŽœȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȬŠ—ŽœȱŽœ™›˜Œ‘Ž—ȱ‘Šǰȱ
Š›Ž‹˜Ž—ȱ Ž›Ž—ǯŝŚ
’ŽŽ›ȱ ‘Šœȱ œ˜•’ȱ Œ˜––Š—ȱ ˜ŸŽ›ȱ ™Šœȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™œǰȱ ’—Œ•ž’—ȱ ‘Žȱ
˜›”œȱ˜ȱŠ˜”ǰȱŽǰȱ™‘ȁŠ•ǰȱŠ—ȱŽœ™ŽŒ’Š••¢ȱŠ—Š–ŠŽŸǯŝśȱ —ȱ‘Š™Ȭ
Ž›ȱ ȱȮȱŠœȱ˜”Š‹ž•Š›ȱû›ȱ¡’•ȱž—ȱ’Šœ™˜›Šȱ’—ȱŽ›ȱ Ž‹›§’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ’‹Ž•ȱ
ž—ȱ’–ȱŠ—’”Ž—ȱ žŽ—ž–ǰȱ ’ŽŽ›ȱœ›ŽŒ‘Žœȱ˜ž›ȱŸ˜ŒŠ‹ž•Š›¢ȱ‹Ž¢˜—ȱ
BFAǯȱ Žȱ’—›˜žŒŽœȱL><ǰȱLT<ǰȱBLTǰȱJHǰȱQJǰȱBR>ǰȱB>HǰȱŠ—ȱB<ȱŠœȱ
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‘’œȱ–˜—˜›Š™‘ȱ’œȱŠ•œ˜ȱŠȱ ŽŠ”—ŽœœDzȱ—Š–Ž•¢ǰȱ‘Žȱ™•Ž‘˜›Šȱ˜ȱ Ž••Ž—’œȬ
’Œȱ Š—ȱ ˜–Š—ȱ Ž—›’Žœȱ ˜ŸŽ› ‘Ž•–ȱ ‘Žȱ Ŝ‘ȱ ŒŽ—ž›¢ȱ ǯȹǯȹǯŝŜȱ žȱ ‘Žȱ
•ŠŒ”ȱ˜ȱŠȱŒŽ—›Š•ȱ‘Žœ’œȱ™›ŽŸŽ—œȱ’ȱ›˜–ȱ‹Ž’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽę—’’ŸŽȱŸ˜•ž–Žȱ
˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žǯ
—ȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ’••ȱ ’•Ž–Šœȱ Š—ȱ ȱ ˜›–Žȱ Šȱ —Ž ȱ Œ˜—œž•Š’˜—ǰȱ ȃ¡’•Žȱ
ǻ˜›ŒŽȱ’›Š’˜—œǼȱ’—ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ’Ž›Šž›ŽǰȄȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ
’Ž›Šž›Žǯȱœȱ’–™˜›Š—ȱŠœȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ǰȱ‘Ž›Žȱ‘Šœȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ—˜ȱ
ŸŽ—žŽȱ˜›ȱœžŒ‘ȱœ™ŽŒ’Š•’£ŽȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱž—’•ȱ—˜ ǯȱ‘’œȱŸŽ—ž›Žȱ‹›’Ȭ
Žœȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜—’—Ž—œǰȱ‹›’—’—ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ›˜–ȱ‹˜‘ȱœ’Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—’Œȱ˜ȱ
‘ŽȱŒŽ—Ž›ȱ˜›ȱŒ›’’ŒŠ•ȱ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱœžœŠ’—Žȱ ˜›”ȱ˜—ȱŠŒ”•’—ȱ‘Žȱ
ŸŠ›’ŽŠŽȱ™›˜‹•Ž–œȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜ‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯŝŝ
œȱŠȱ›ŽŒŠ™ǰȱ‘Šȱ’œǰȱ›˜–ȱŠȱ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ˜ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽǰȱ‘Žȱ
ꛜȱ Ž—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Œ•Šœœ’Œȱ Ž›Šȱ ǻ Š•ǰȱ Ž••‘ŠžœŽ—ǰȱ
–’‘ǰȱ›’ŸŽ›ǰȱŽŒǯǼȱ‘ŽŠ›ȱŠ—ȱ™›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱ‘Žȱž—Œ˜—œ›žŒ’ŸŽȱŠ—ȱŠ–Ȭ
Š’—ȱ—ŽŠ’ŸŽȱŸ’Ž œȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ǯȱ‘ŽȱŽ—œž’—ȱ’—Ȭ‹Ž ŽŽ—ȱ
–˜Ž›—ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱǻ˜‘ǰȱ Š—œŽ—ǰȱŒ”›˜¢ǰȱŠ’ĴǰȱŽǰȱ
•Ž’—ǰȱ Š—Ž›œǰȱ –’‘Ȧ–’‘Ȭ‘›’œ˜™‘Ž›ǰȱ ‘’•œǼȱ Š•œ˜ȱ ‘ŽŠ›ȱ ‘Žȱ
Š‹—ŽŠ’˜—œȱ‹žȱ‘Šȱ‘ŽȱœŽ—œ’’Ÿ’¢ȱŠ—ȱ˜›’žŽȱ˜ȱŽŽ–ȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ
™Ž›’˜ȱ ŠœȱŒ›ŽŠ’ŸŽǰȱ’Ÿ’—ȱ›’œŽȱ˜ȱŠȱ ŽŠ•‘ȱ˜ȱ›’Œ‘ȱœŽŒ˜—Š›¢ȱ•’Ž›ŠȬ
ž›Žȱ˜ŒžœŽȱ˜—ȱ‘Ž˜•˜¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ǯȱ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ
œŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ǻŽǯȹǯǰȱ ŠŸ’Žœǰȱ ‘˜–™œ˜—ǰȱ Š›œŠǰȱ •‹Ž›ĵǰȱ Ž’—ǰȱ ’Ȭ
•Ž–Šœǰȱ Ž’Ž›Ǽȱ‘Šœȱ’—ŽŽȱ›Š—œŒŽ—Žȱ‘ŽœŽȱ™ŠœȱŸ’Ž œȱȮȱ ’‘ȱ˜—Žȱ

ŝŚ
ȱ ’ŽŽ›ǰȱ¡’•ȱž—ȱ’Šœ™˜›ŠǰȱŘŝȬŘŞǰ
ŝś
ȱ ’ŽŽ›ǰȱ¡’•ȱž—ȱ’Šœ™˜›ŠǰȱŝŚȬŗŖŜǯ
ŝŜ
ȱ ’ŽŽ›ǰȱ¡’•ȱž—ȱ’Šœ™˜›ŠǰȱŘřŖȬŚřŜǯ
ŝŝ
ȱ ȱ Š—ȱ˜ȱ‘Š—”ȱ˜ž›ȱœŽ—’˜›ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ˜›ȱŠœœ’œ’—ȱžœȱ•Šž—Œ‘ȱ‘Žȱ—Ž ȱŸŽ—žŽDZȱŠ•™‘ȱ
•Ž’—ǰȱ˜‹Ž›ȱ’•œ˜—ǰȱŽ——’œȱ•œ˜—ǰȱŠ ›Ž—ŒŽȱŒ‘’ě–Š—ǰȱŠ’—Ž›ȱ•‹Ž›ĵǰȱ Š—œȱ
Š›œŠǰȱ ˜‹ȱ ŽŒ”’—ǰȱ ŽœŽ›ȱ ›Š‹‹Žǰȱ Š—’Ž•ȱ –’‘Ȭ‘›’œ˜™‘Ž›ǰȱ Š–˜—ȱ ˜‘Ȭ
Ž›œǯȱ‘Žȱ™›ŽœŽ—Š’˜—œȱ ’••ȱŠ™™ŽŠ›ȱŠœȱŠȱŒ˜—›Žœœǰȱ¢ȱ‘Žȱ ››’Š’˜—ȱŠ—Š•œȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢Ȭ
•˜—DZȱ™™›˜ŠŒ‘Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱž¢ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ¡’•’ŒȱŽ›’˜ȱǻŽǯȱ ˜‘—ȱ‘—ȱŠ—ȱ ’••ȱ’•Ž–ŠœDzȱ
 Dzȱ˜›‘Œ˜–’—Ǽǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ Řŝ

œŒ‘˜˜•ȱ˜ȱ‘˜ž‘ȱŒ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ’œ–’œœ’—ȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱŠœȱ‹žȱŠȱ–¢‘ȱ˜›ȱ
Š‹›’ŒŠ’˜—ȱ ‘’•Žȱ˜‘Ž›œȱŒŠ••ȱ˜›ȱž›‘Ž›ȱ’—ŸŽœ’Š’˜—ȱœžŽœ’—ȱ‘Šȱ
ŽȱŒŠ—ȱœ’••ȱœŠ¢ȱœ˜–Ž‘’—ȱŠ‹˜žȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ǯ
Žž›—’—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ™Š‘ȱ ‘Šȱ –’‘Ȭ‘›’œ˜™‘Ž›ȱ ˜—ŒŽȱ Œžǰȱ ȱ ’œ‘ȱ
˜ȱ –Š”Žȱ –¢ȱ Œ˜—›’‹ž’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ˜ž›ȱ Œ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ
‹¢ȱ›Ž’›ŽŒ’—ȱŠ—ȱ›Ž˜Œžœ’—ȱ˜ž›ȱŠĴŽ—’˜—ȱ˜—ȱœ˜Œ’Š•ȱœ›žŒž›Žœȱ˜ȱ
˜›ŒŽȱ–’›Š’˜—œǰȱ ’‘ȱžŠ•ȱŽ–™‘Šœ’œȱ˜—ȱȃ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱ›ŽœŽȬ
•Ž–Ž—ȄȱŠ—ȱȃŽ—Ž›Š’˜—Š•ȱŒ˜—œŒ’˜žœ—ŽœœǯȄȱ žœȱŠœȱ‘’œ˜›¢ȱ‘ŠœȱŠȱ Š¢ȱ
˜ȱ›Ž™ŽŠ’—ȱ’œŽ•ǰȱœ˜Œ’Š•ȱœ›žŒž›ŽœȱŠ•œ˜ȱ›Ž™ŽŠǯȱŽȱ’ȱŗǰśŖŖȱ˜›ȱ–˜›Žȱ
¢ŽŠ›œȱ˜ȱŠȱ›Ž–˜ŸŽȱŠ—Œ’Ž—ȱŒ’Ÿ’•’£Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ””Š’Š—œȱ˜›ȱ‘ŽȱŠȬ
›’’Œȱ Œ˜—Ž¡ȱ œž™Ž›’–™˜œŽȱ ˜—ȱ ˜ž›ȱ Ŝ‘ȱ ŒŽ—ž›¢ȱ žŽŠ—œȱ ’—ȱ Š‹¢•˜—ǰȱ
˜›ȱ˜›ȱ ‘Šȱ –ŠĴŽ›ȱ ˜‘Ž›ȱ ™Š›œȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ •ȱ ŽœŠ–Ž—ȱ ǻ Ž‹›Ž ȱ ’‹•ŽǼȱ
˜›ȱ’••ž–’—Š’˜—ǰȱ˜›ȱ’—ȱ›Ž›˜œ™ŽŒǰȱŠ”’—ȱŠȱ ’Žȱ›Š—Žȱ˜ȱŒ˜—Ž–™˜Ȭ
›Š›¢ȱœž’ŽœȱŠ—ȱ‘Ž˜›’Žœȱ‹ŠŒ”ȱ’—ȱ’–ŽȱŠ—ȱ™•ŠŒŽȱ ’‘ȱ™Š›Š••Ž•ȱœ˜Œ’Š•ȱ
›Š–Ž ˜›”œȱ˜ȱ–’›Š—ȱŒ˜––ž—’’Žœǰȱ‹˜‘ȱ‘ŽȱŠ—Œ’Ž—ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—Ž–Ȭ
™˜›Š›¢ȱ Œ˜––ž—’’Žœȱ Œ˜—’—žŽȱ ˜ȱ ŽŠ•ȱ ’‘ȱ ‘Žȱ ™›˜‹•Ž–ȱ ˜ȱ ȃ˜›ŒŽȱ
–’›Š’˜—Ȅȱ˜›ȱ ‘Šȱ Žȱ—˜ ȱŒ˜––˜—•¢ȱŒŠ••ȱȃ‘Žȱ’––’›Š’˜—ȱ™›˜‹Ȭ
•Ž–ǯȄȱ —ȱŽŸŽ›¢ȱŽŸŽ•˜™Žȱ—Š’˜—ȱ˜›ȱŽ–™’›Žǰȱ‘Ž›Žȱœ’••ȱŒ˜—’—žŽȱ˜ȱ‹Žȱ
–Š—¢ȱ ‘˜ȱ•’ŸŽȱ˜žȱŠ—ȱ–Š”ŽȱœŽ—œŽȱ˜ȱ‘Ž’›ȱŽ¡’•Žǰȱ˜›ŒŽȱ–’›Š’˜—ǰȱ˜›ȱ
’––’›Š—ȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽœǯŝŞȱ ȱ’œȱ‘›˜ž‘ȱ‘’œȱ›Š–Ž ˜›”ȱ‘Šȱ ȱŠ›Žœœȱ
˜ž›ȱŒŠ›’—Š•ȱ™›˜‹•Ž–ǰȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱŽŸŽ—ȱ˜ž›ȱŒ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ
¢Žȱ ˜ȱ ž••¢ȱ ‘Š––Ž›ȱ ˜žDZȱ ‘¢ȱ ’ȱ ‘Žȱ ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ ›Š’’˜—œȱ ™›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱ
‘ŽœŽȱŸŠ›¢’—ȱŸ’Ž œȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽǰȱŠ—ȱ‘˜ ȱ’ȱ‘Ž¢ȱŒ˜–ŽȱŠ‹˜žȱ’—ȱ
‘Žȱꛜȱ™•ŠŒŽǵ

’’˜—Š•ȱ›˜‹•Ž–œȱ’—ȱ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱ¡’•’ŒȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™
Ž¢˜—ȱ˜ž›ȱ™›’–Š›¢ȱ’–™ŠœœŽǰȱ‘Ž›ŽȱŠ›Žȱœ’••ȱœ’¡ȱŠ’’˜—Š•ȱ™›˜‹•Ž–œȱ
‘Šȱ Œž››Ž—ȱ ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ ¢Žȱ ˜ȱ ž••¢ȱ Š›Žœœǯȱ ’›œǰȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ
’œȱ Šȱ •ŠŒ”ȱ ˜ȱ ŒŠ›Žž•ȱ ŠĴŽ—’˜—ȱ ’ŸŽ—ȱ ˜ȱ ŽŠŒ‘ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ’œ’—Œ’ŸŽȱ ˜›ŒŽȱ
–’›Š’˜—œȱ ’—ȱ śşŝǰȱ śŞŝǰȱ Š—ȱ śŞŘȱ ǯȹǯȹǯȱ ‘Žȱ Ž—’›Žȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ˜ȱ
Š™™›˜¡’–ŠŽ•¢ȱœŽŸŽ—¢ȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ’œȱ˜Ž—ȱ›ŽžŒŽȱ˜ȱ˜—Žȱ‘˜–˜Ž—Ž˜žœȱ

ŝŞ
ȱ ’‘ȱ›Žœ™ŽŒȱ˜ȱ™˜œŒ˜•˜—’Š•ȱ‘Ž˜›’ŽœȱŠ—ȱŠ™™›˜ŠŒ‘Žœȱǻ™Š›ȱ˜ȱ–¢ȱŒ˜–™›Ž‘Ž—œ’ŸŽȱ
Ž¡Š–ȱž›’—ȱ–¢ȱ›ŠžŠŽȱœŒ‘˜˜•ȱ¢ŽŠ›œǼǰȱ ȱŠ–ȱŒŠž’˜žœ•¢ȱ˜™’–’œ’ŒȱŠ‹˜žȱ’œȱŠ™™•’Ȭ
ŒŠ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ•ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱœž’ŽœǰȱŠ•‘˜ž‘ȱ’—ȱŽ ȱŽœŠ–Ž—ȱœž’Žœǰȱ‘’œȱ’œȱŠȱŒ˜–Ȭ
™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ™›˜ŸŽ—ȱŽ—Ž›™›’œŽǯȱ ŽŠ—Ȭ’Ž››Žȱž’£ȂȱŽœœŠ¢ȱǻȃ—ȱ¡’•ŽȂœȱŠŠŽDZȱ˜ Š›ȱŠȱ
˜œŒ˜•˜—’Š•ȱŽŠ’—ȱ˜ȱ£Ž”’Ž•ǰȄȱ’—ȱ™™›˜ŠŒ‘’—ȱŽ‘žDZȱŽ ȱ™™›˜ŠŒ‘Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱž¢ȱ
˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ›œ’Š—ȱŽ›’˜ȱǽŽǯȱ ˜—ȱŽ›šž’œDzȱ•Š—ŠDZȱ˜Œ’Ž¢ȱ˜ȱ’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱ’Ž›Šž›ŽǰȱŘŖŖŝǾǰȱ
ŗŗŝȬŗřśǼȱ™›ŽœŽ—œȱŠ—ȱ’—Ž›Žœ’—ȱŽœȬŒŠœŽǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ˜—•¢ȱ’–ŽȱŠ—ȱž›‘Ž›ȱ ˜›”œȱ
’••ȱŽ••ȱ ‘Ž‘Ž›ȱœžŒ‘ȱŠ—ȱŽ—ŽŠŸ˜›ȱŒŠ—ȱ˜›ȱ ’••ȱŠŒžŠ••¢ȱŠěŽŒȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—›’‹žŽȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
Šœ”ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŜ‘ȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ’—ȱŠȱœžœŠ’—Žȱ–Š——Ž›ǯ
ŘŞȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

–˜—˜•’‘’Œȱ Ž¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱ Ȯȱ ‘Ž—ȱ ’—ȱ ŠŒǰȱ ‘Žȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ’—Ÿ˜•ŸŽœȱ Šȱ •ŽŠœȱ
‘›ŽŽȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—œȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǰȱŠȱ›Ž–—Š—ȱŒ˜––ž—’¢ȱ˜›ȱŒ˜––ž—’’Žœȱ
‹ŠŒ”ȱ’—ȱ žŠ‘ǰȱŠȱ›˜ž™ȱ˜ȱ œ›ŠŽ•ȱ–’›Š—œȱ™›ŽŸ’˜žœ•¢ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱž›Ȭ
’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ˜Ȭœœ¢›’Š—ȱ™Ž›’˜ǰŝşȱŠ—ȱ žŽŠ—ȱ›ŽžŽŽœȱ’—ȱ¢™ǰȱŠ‘Ȭ
›˜œǰȱ‘’˜™’Šǰȱ•Š–ǰȱ Š–Š‘ǰȱŠ—ȱ™›Žœž–Š‹•¢ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜Šœ•Š—œǯŞŖ
ŽŒ˜—ǰȱŠœȱŠȱ Š¢ȱ˜ȱŒ›¢œŠ••’£’—ȱ‘Žȱ™›ŽŸ’˜žœȱ™›˜‹•Ž–ǰȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ
Ž¡Š–’—’—ȱ ‘Žȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ œ’••ȱ ˜ȱ —˜ȱ ’ŸŽȱ Ž—˜ž‘ȱ Ž’‘ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ ꛜȱ
ŠŸŽȱ˜ȱ žŽŠ—ȱ˜›ŒŽȱ–’›Š—œȱǻ’ǯȹŽǯǰȱ‘Žȱśşŝȱǯȹǯȹǯȱ›˜ž™ǼǯȱŒ‘˜•Ȭ
Š›œȱŒ˜—’—ž˜žœ•¢ȱŒ˜—ĚŠŽȱ‘Žȱ ˜ȱ–’›Š’˜—œȱ˜ȱśşŝȱŠ—ȱśŞŝȱǻ˜›ȱ‘Ž¢ȱ
œ’–™•¢ȱ ŒŠ••ȱ ‘Žȱ ›˜ž™ȱ ˜›ȱ ›˜ž™œȱ ’—ȱ Š‹¢•˜—ȱ Š—ȱ ȃ˜ž™˜œȄŞŗǼǯȱ ˜›Žȱ
ŒŽ—›Š••¢ǰȱ ’‘ȱ ǯȱ’•Ž–ŠœȂœȱ’œœŽ›Š’˜—ȱ’—ȱœ˜–ŽȱŒ’›Œ•ŽœǰȱŠȱ›ŽŸ’ŸŠ•ȱ
˜ȱ ǯȱ Š—œœŽ—Ȃœȱ ‘Žœ’œȱ Š—ȱ ‘Žȱ Šœœ˜Œ’Š’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž›–ȱ ȃŽ–™•Ž•ŽœœȄȱ
Šœȱ Šȱ œ¢—˜—¢–ȱ ˜›ȱ ȃ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•ŽȄȱ ǻ˜›ȱ œ’–™•¢ȱ œžœŠ’—’—ǰȱ ›Ž’Ž›Š’—ǰȱ ˜›ȱ
›Ž›Š–’—ȱ–’‘Ȃœȱȃ›Ž•’’˜—•ŽœœȄȱŠœȱȃŽ–™•Ž•ŽœœȄǼǰȱ‘Šœȱ‘Žȱ™˜Ž—’Š•ȱ
˜ȱ›Ž›Žœœȱ‘ŽȱŽ—’›Žȱ’œŒ’™•’—Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ—Š››˜ ȱœž¢ȱ˜ȱ ˜›œ‘’™ȱ ’‘ȱ
˜›ȱ ’‘˜žȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•Žǯ
ȱ‘Žȱ˜žœŽǰȱ ȱ ’œ‘ȱ˜ȱŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽȱ‘Šȱ’•Ž–ŠœȂœȱ ˜›”ȱœ‘Žœȱ
Œ˜—œ’Ž›Š‹•Žȱ —Ž ȱ ’—œ’‘œȱ ˜—ȱ ‘Žȱ ›Ž–—Š—ȱ ǻ’ǯȹŽǯǰȱ ‘Žȱ žŽŠ—ȱ •Š—Žȱ
Ž—›¢ȱ ‘Šȱ ›Ž–Š’—Žȱ ’—ȱ žŠ‘ȱ ŠŽ›ȱ ‘Žȱ –ž•’™•Žȱ ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—œǼǯȱ
˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ‘Žȱž—Š–Ž—Š•ȱ™˜’—ȱ’œȱ‘Šȱ‘Žȱ”’—ȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ›˜¢Š•ȱŠ–Ȭ
’•¢ǰȱ‘Žȱž™™Ž›ȱŠ—ȱ–’•ŽȱŒ•ŠœœŽœǰȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ—ȱœ˜–Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŸŽ›¢ȱ™˜˜›ȱ
Ž›Žȱ›ŽœŽĴ•Žȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǯ
ŽœŒ›’‹’—ȱ ‘Šȱ•’Žȱ–žœȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ•’”Žȱ’—ȱ žŠ‘ȱŠŽ›ȱ‘Žȱ–ž•Ȭ
’™•Žȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—œȱǻ’ǯȹŽǯǰȱž›’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•Ž•Žœœȱ™Ž›’˜Ǽȱ’œȱŠ—ȱ’–™˜›Ȭ
Š—ȱ ž—Ž›Š”’—ǯȱ ˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ Œ˜—ĚŠ’—ȱ žŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—ȱ ’œœžŽœȱ
Š—ȱ Œ˜—ŒŽ›—œȱ ’‘ȱ žŽŠ—ȱ ˜—Žœȱ Œ˜—žœŽœȱ ‘Žȱ Šœ”ȱ Šȱ ‘Š—ǯȱ ŽŒ‘Ȭ
—’ŒŠ••¢ȱ œ™ŽŠ”’—ǰȱ  ˜ȱ Œ˜–™•ŽŽ•¢ȱ ’쎛Ž—ȱ Š—ȱ ™˜•Š›ȱ ’ĵȱ ’–ȱ Ž‹Ž—ȱ
’‘ȱŸŠœ•¢ȱ’쎛Ž—ǰȱ–ž•’’–Ž—œ’˜—Š•ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—œȱŠ›Žȱ‹Ž’—ȱžœŽDZȱ
‘˜œŽȱ ‘˜ȱ –ŠŽȱ Š‹¢•˜—ȱ ‘˜–Žȱ Š—ȱ ‘˜œŽȱ ‘˜ȱ —ŽŸŽ›ȱ Ž¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱ
ȃ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱ›ŽœŽĴ•Ž–Ž—ǯȄȱ˜ȱ–ŠĴŽ›ȱ‘˜ ȱŒ‘Š••Ž—’—ȱ’ȱ–Š¢ȱ
‘ŠŸŽȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ˜›ȱ‘˜œŽȱ ‘˜ȱ›Ž–Š’—Žȱ’—ȱ žŠ‘ǰȱ‘Ž¢ȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱ
ȃŽ¡’•ŽȄȱ˜›ȱȃ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱ›ŽœŽĴ•Ž–Ž—ǯȄ
—ȱœ‘˜›ǰȱ’•Ž–ŠœȂœȱ–˜’ȱœž¢ǰȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ’—Œ•žŽœȱŠ–Ž—Š’˜—œȱŠœȱ
‘Žȱꛜȱ’œŠœŽ›ȱ ’‘ȱ‘ŽȱœŽŒ˜—ȱ’œŠœŽ›ȱ™›ŽœŽ›ŸŽȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ–Ž–˜›¢ȱ˜ȱ

ŝş
ȱ žœŽ—¢ȱ Žǰȱ Šœœȱ Ž™˜›Š’˜—ȱ Š—ȱ Ž™˜›ŽŽœȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž˜Ȭœœ¢›’Š—ȱ –™’›Žȱ ǻ’ŽœȬ
‹ŠŽ—DZȱŽ’Œ‘Ž›ǰȱŗşŝşǼǯ
ŞŖ
ȱ œŠȱŗŗDZŗŗDzȱœŽŽȱŠ•œ˜ȱǯȱ˜›Ž—ǰȱ›Œ‘’ŸŽœȱ›˜–ȱ•Ž™‘Š—’—ŽDZȱ‘Žȱ’Žȱ˜ȱŠȱ Ž ’œ‘ȱ’•’Š›¢ȱ
˜•˜—¢ȱǻŽ›”•Ž¢ǰȱŠ•’ǯDZȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜ȱŠ•’˜›—’Šȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşŜŞǼDzȱ’Ž–ǰȱ‘Žȱ•Ž™‘Š—’—Žȱ
Š™¢›’ȱ ’—ȱ —•’œ‘DZȱ ‘›ŽŽȱ ’••Ž——’Šȱ ˜ȱ ›˜œœȬž•ž›Š•ȱ ˜—’—ž’¢ȱ Š—ȱ ‘Š—Žȱ ǻȱ
ŘŘDzȱŽ’Ž—DZȱ›’••ǰȱŗşşŜǼDzȱ ǯȱŸŠ—ȱŽ›ȱ˜˜›—ǰȱȃ—ŠȬŠ‘žǰȱœ˜–Žȱ‘Ž›ȱŽ’’ŽœǰȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž œȱ˜ȱ•Ž™‘Š—’—ŽǰȄȱž–Ž—ȱřşȱǻŗşşŘǼDZȱŞŖȬŗŖŗǯ
Şŗ
ȱ ’•Ž–Šœǰȱ‘Žȱ›˜ž‹•Žœȱ˜ȱŽ–™•Ž•Žœœȱ žŠ‘ǰȱœŽŽȱ‘Ž›ȱ’—›˜žŒ’˜—ǰȱŗȬřǯ
ȱ ŽŸ’Ž ȱ˜ȱŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ Řş

‘Žȱ› ǰȱ˜ěŽ›œȱȃ ˜™Žȱ Ȅȱ‘›˜ž‘ȱœŽ•ŽŒȱŽ¡œȱ›˜–ȱ Ž›Ž–’Š‘ȱŠ—ȱ£ŽȬ

”’Ž•ȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—Œ•žŽœȱ ’‘ȱȃ ˜™Žȱ Ȅȱ‹ŠŒ”ȱ’—ȱŽ‘žȱǻ ŠŠ’ȱŠ—ȱŽŒ‘ŠȬ
›’Š‘ȱŗȬŞǼǯȱ —ȱ–¢ȱ“ž–Ž—ǰȱ‘Žȱ›ŽŠ’—ȱ˜ȱȃ ˜™Žȱ Ȅȱ’œȱ–žŒ‘ȱ˜˜ȱ‘˜™Žž•ȱ
‘Ž—ǰȱ’—ȱŠŒǰȱž›’—ȱ‘Žȱ›Žž›—ȱ–’›Š’˜—œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱǻ•ŠŽȱŜ‘ȱŠ—ȱś‘ȱŒŽ—žȬ
›¢ȱǯȹǯȹǯǼǰȱ‘Žȱ˜žŒ›’ŽœȱŠŠ’—œȱ‘’‘ȱ’—ĚŠ’˜—ǰȱ›Ž•’’˜žœȱŠ™˜œŠœ¢ǰȱŠ—ȱ
ŽŸŽ—ȱŽ‘—’ŒȱŒ•ŽŠ—œ’—ȱǻ£›ŠȬŽ‘Ž–’Š‘ǼȱŠ›Žȱ—ŽŸŽ›ȱž••¢ȱŠ›ŽœœŽȱ’—ȱ
’•Ž–ŠœȂœȱ ˜›”ǯȱžȱ—˜’ŒŽȱ‘˜ ȱ‘Ž›ȱ ˜›”ȬŠȬ•Š›Žȱ‘Šœȱ–˜ŸŽȱŠ Š¢ȱ
›˜–ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™˜œȬŽ¡’•’Œȱ’–Ž›Š–Žǯȱ Ž›ȱ ˜›”ȱ‘Šœȱ’—ŽŽȱ˜—Žȱ
ŽŸŽ—ȱ‹Ž¢˜—ȱ‘Žȱ’—’’Š•ȱŽœŠ‹•’œ‘–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ‘Ž›ȱ˜ —ȱŽę—’’˜—ȱ‹¢ȱŽ¡Ž—Ȭ
’—ȱ’—˜ȱ‘ŽȱœŽŒ˜—ȱŽ–™•Žȱ™Ž›’˜ǰȱ–˜Ÿ’—ȱ‘Ž›ȱŸŽ›¢ȱ‘Žœ’œȱ˜žœ’Žȱ˜ȱ
‘ŽȱȃŽ–™•Ž•ŽœœȄȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ˜ȱŠȱ›ŽŒ˜—œ’žŽȱœŽŒ˜—ȱŽ–™•Žȱ™Ž›’˜ǯ
ȱŸŽ›¢ȱ–žŒ‘ȱœ¢–™Š‘’£Žȱ ’‘ȱ’•Ž–ŠœȂœȱ’œœŠ’œŠŒ’˜—ȱ ’‘ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž›–ȱȃŽ¡’•ŽǯȄȱ ȱŠ•œ˜ȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›ȱ›˜Žœœ˜›ȱ’•Ž–Šœȱ˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠ—ȱ’–™˜›Š—ȱ
Œ˜—ŸŽ›œŠ’˜—ȱ™Š›—Ž›ȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ˜‘Ž›ȱœ’Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ•Š—’Œǯȱ —ȱ–¢ȱ“žȬ
–Ž—ǰȱȃŽ–™•Ž•ŽœœȄȱ’œȱŠȱ—˜‹•ŽȱŽ—ŽŠŸ˜›ȱ˜ȱ‘Ž•™ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ‹ŽĴŽ›ȱŽŠ•ȱ
’‘ȱ ‘Šȱ‘Š™™Ž—Žȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›Ž–—Š—ȱ‘Šȱ›Ž–Š’—Žȱ’—ȱ žŠ‘ǯȱžȱ’—ȱ
‘ŽȱŽ—ǰȱ‘Žȱ—˜–Ž—Œ•Šž›Žȱ’œȱ˜˜ȱ—Š››˜ ǰȱŠ—ȱ’ȱ˜Žœȱ—˜ȱŒŠ™ž›Žȱ‘Žȱ
ȃŽ¡’•’ŒȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȄȱ˜ȱ‘˜œŽȱ ‘˜ȱ Ž›Žȱ˜›Œ’‹•¢ȱŠ”Ž—ȱ˜žȱ˜ȱ žŠ‘ȱ˜›ǰȱ
–˜›ŽȱŒ˜—Œ›ŽŽ•¢ǰȱ‘˜œŽȱ‹˜›—ȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǰȱ‘ŽȱœŽŒ˜—ȱŠ—ȱ‘’›ȱŽ—Ž›ŠȬ
’˜—ȱ žŽ˜ȬŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—œȱ ‘˜ȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŠ‹œ˜•žŽ•¢ȱ—˜ȱŠĜ—’¢ȱ ’‘ȱŠȱŽ–™•Žǯ
™ŽŠ”’—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•Žǰȱ˜›ȱ–žŒ‘ȱ˜˜ȱ•˜—ȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜ž›œŽȱ˜ȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱœŒ‘˜•Ȭ
Š›œ‘’™ȱȮȱ™ŠœǰȱŒž››Ž—ǰȱŠ—ȱŽŸŽ—ȱŒ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱȮȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ‹ŽŽ—ȱ˜ŸŽ›•¢ȱ
’—ŠžŠŽȱ ‹¢ȱ Š—ȱ Š•‹Ž’ȱ œ’—’ęŒŠ—ȱ Ž’ęŒŽȱ ’‘ȱ ’œȱ Ž••ȬŽœŠ‹•’œ‘Žȱ
Š—Ž—’Š•ȱ’—œ’ž’˜—œǯȱ ȱŠȱ‹ž’•’—ȱ ’‘ȱ’œȱŽœŠ‹•’œ‘Žȱ’—œ’ž’˜—œǰȱ
‘’Œ‘ȱžœžŠ••¢ȱ›Žœž•œȱ’—ȱŠ‹žœŽȱ˜ȱ™˜ Ž›ȱȮȱŠœȱ Šœȱ‘ŽȱŒŠœŽȱ˜›ȱŠ—Œ’Ž—ȱ
œ›ŠŽ•ȱȮȱŠ”Žœȱ™›ŽŒŽŽ—ŒŽȱ˜ŸŽ›ȱ™Ž˜™•Žœǰȱ ȱ™Ž›œ˜—Š••¢ȱ˜—Ȃȱ‘’—”ȱ Žȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ
™›˜›ŽœœŽȱŸŽ›¢ȱŠ›ȱ’—ȱ›ž•¢ȱ›¢’—ȱ˜ȱž—Ž›œŠ—ȱ‘’œȱ™Ž›’˜ǯȱŽ›ȱ
Š••ǰȱ‘’œȱŠ Š”Ž—’—ȱ›˜–ȱ‘’œȱ™Ž›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽȱ Šœȱ‘Žȱ ‘˜•Žȱ™˜’—ȱ˜ȱ ˜Ȃœȱ
Žœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–™•Žȱ‘›˜ž‘ȱ‘ŽȱŠ‹¢•˜—’Š—œǷȱ‘Šȱ ȱŠ–ȱŠŸ˜ŒŠȬ
’—ȱŠ—ȱ™›Žœœ’—ȱ˜›ȱ’—ȱ˜ž›ȱŒ˜—Ž–™˜›Š›¢ȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ’œȱ‘Šȱ Žȱ
–žœȱ›Žž›—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ‘ŽŠ›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ–ŠĴŽ›ȱŠ—ȱ‹ŽŒ˜–ŽȱŠ–’•’Š›ȱ ’‘ȱ‘Ž˜Ȭ
›’Žœȱ˜—ǰȱ›ŽŠœ˜—œȱ˜›ǰȱŠ—ȱ›ŽŠ•’’Žœȱ˜ȱ˜›ŒŽȱ–’›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—Ȭ
ž—’ȱ’œœžŽœȱ‘ŠȱŽ—ž’—Ž•¢ȱœ™ŽŠ”ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ˜›ŒŽȱ–’›Š’˜—ȱ™Š‘˜œǯȱ‘’œȱ
’••ȱ‘Ž—ȱ‘Ž•™ȱ‹’‹•’ŒŠ•ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱŒ•˜œŽȱ‘ŽȱŠ™ȱ˜—ȱ ‘Šȱ•’Žȱ–žœȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ
‹ŽŽ—ȱ•’”Žȱ˜›ȱ˜ž›ȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱŠ—ȱ›ŽœŽĴ•Žȱ žŽŠ—œȱ’—ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǯ
‘ŽȱŒ›’’ŒŠ•ȱœž¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱ˜›ŒŽȱ–’›Š’˜—œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ–žœȱ
‹ŽȱŽ–Š›ŒŠŽȱ›˜–ȱśşŞȦŝȱǯȹǯȹǯȱ˜ȱśřŞȱǯȹǯȹǯȱȮȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱꛜȱ ŠŸŽȱ
˜ȱ žŽŠ—œȱ’—ȱ˜›ŒŽȱ–’›Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ‹›’—”ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ‘’›ȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ™›ŽȬ
™Š›’—ȱ˜›ȱ›Žž›—ȱ–’›Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱŽ‘žǯŞŘȱǻ˜’ŒŽȱ‘˜ ȱ‘Žȱ›Žž›—ȱ–’›ŠȬ

ŞŘ
ȱ ––’›Š—œǰȱ —Ž›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ’’ŽœDZȱ¡™•˜›’—ȱ‘Žȱ’—”œȱǻŠ›’œDZȱǰȱŗşşŞǼDzȱ–ŠȱŽŠ•ǰȱ
ȱ ›Š–Ž ˜›”ȱ ˜›ȱ ––’›Š’˜—DZȱ ™™•’ŒŠ’˜—œȱ ˜ȱ œ’Š—œȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ —’Žȱ ŠŽœȱ ǻŽ ȱ ˜›”DZȱ
řŖȱ —›˜žŒ’˜—

’˜—ȱ ŠœȱŠ•œ˜ȱ›ŠžŠ•ȱŠ—ȱœ¢œŽ–Š’Œǰȱ™Š›Š••Ž•’—ȱ˜ž›ȱ–ž•’™•Žȱ˜›ŒŽȱ
–’›Š’˜—œȱ˜ȱŠ‹¢•˜—ǯǼȱ‘ŽȱœŒ˜™Žǰȱ˜ŒžœǰȱŠ—ȱ–’œœ’˜—ȱ˜ȱŒ˜—Ž–™˜Ȭ
›Š›¢ȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ–žœȱ‹Žȱ™•ŠŒŽȱ˜—ȱ‘Žȱ’œ™•ŠŒŽȱ žŽŠ—œȱ ’‘ȱ
‘Ž’›ȱ’œœžŽœȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—ŒŽ›—œǯȱ–™‘Šœ’œȱœ‘˜ž•ȱ‹Žȱ™•ŠŒŽȱ˜—ȱ‘˜ ȱŽŠŒ‘ȱ
Ž—Ž›Š’˜—ȱž—’ȱ›Žœ™˜—Žȱ˜ȱ’œȱŽ¡’•’ŒȱŽ¡™Ž›’Ž—ŒŽȱȮȱ‹Ž’——’—ȱ ’‘ȱ
‘Žȱꛜȱ ŠŸŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱꛜȱŽ—Ž›Š’˜—ȱ žŽŠ—œȱ’—ȱśşŝǯ
Š–Ž—Š‹•¢ǰȱ ‘Žȱ ‘’›ȱ ™›˜‹•Ž–ȱ ’—ȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ œŒ‘˜•Š›œ‘’™ȱ ’œȱ ‘Šȱ ‘Žȱ
ȃŽ¡’•ŽȄȱŠœȱŽ—Ž›Š••¢ȱŒ˜—œ›žŒŽȱ‹Ž’—œȱ ’‘ȱ‘ŽȱŽœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ
Ž–™•Žȱ Š—Ȧ˜›ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱ ’—ȱ śŞŝȱ ǯȹǯȹǯŞřȱ ˜›ȱ Ž¡Š–™•Žǰȱ ȃœȱ Šȱ ›ž•Žǰȱ
‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•Žȱ’œȱŠ”Ž—ȱ˜ȱ‹Ž’—ȱŽ—ȱ¢ŽŠ›œȱ•ŠŽ›ǰȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱ–˜–Ž—ȱ
˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ǰȱŠ—ȱ’ȱ’œȱ‘Žȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ›˜–ȱ‘ŠȱŠŽȱ˜—ȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ
’œȱ‘Žȱœž‹“ŽŒȱ˜ȱ‘’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱ’œŒžœœ’˜—ȱŠ—ȱŽŸŠ•žŠ’˜—ȱ˜ȱȁ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•ŽǰȂȄȱ
›’Žœȱ’Ž›’Žȱ Ž››–Š——ǯŞŚȱŠ’—Ž›ȱ•‹Ž›ĵȱœŠ¢œǰȱȃ‘žœȱ’ȱ’œȱžœžŠ•ȱ
˜ȱ ‘ŠŸŽȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ‹Ž’—ȱ ’‘ȱ ‘Žȱ Žœ›žŒ’˜—ȱ ˜ȱ Ž›žœŠ•Ž–ȱ
Š—ȱ‘Žȱꗊ•ȱŽ•’–’—Š’˜—ȱ˜ȱ žŠ‘ȱŠœȱŠȱœŠŽȱ’—ȱśŞŝȦśŞŜȱǯȹǯȹǯǰȱŽŸŽ—ȱ
‘˜ž‘ȱ ‘Ž›Žȱ Šœȱ Š•›ŽŠ¢ȱ Šȱ ˜•Š‘ȱ ǻ›˜ž™ȱ ˜ȱ Ž¡’•ŽœǼȱ ’—ȱ Š‹¢•˜—’Šȱ
’—ȱ śşŞȦśşŝdzȄŞśȱ ‘’œȱ ’œȱ Šȱ ‹•ŠŠ—ȱ Š—ȱ ‹•˜˜¢ȱ Œ˜—›Š’Œ’˜—ȱ ‘Šȱ ‘Šœȱ
‹ŽŽ—ȱž—šžŽœ’˜—Žȱ˜›ȱŽŒŠŽœǯȱ•‘˜ž‘ȱ Žȱ‘ŠŸŽȱ‘›ŽŽȱ’œ’—Œ’ŸŽȱ
˜›ŒŽȱ–’›Š’˜—œǰȱ’—ȱśşŝȱǯȹǯȹǯǰȱśŞŝȱǯȹǯȹǯǰȱŠ—ȱśŞŘȱǯȹǯȹǯǰȱ˜›Ȭ
–Š—ȱ ˜Ĵ Š•ǰŞŜȱ Š–ŽœȱŠ—Ž›œǰȱŠ—ȱ˜‘Ž›ȱœŒ‘˜•Š›œȱ‘ŠŸŽȱŠ••ȱ‹Žž—ȱ
‘Žȱ œž¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ Ž¡’•’Œȱ ™Ž›’˜ȱ ’‘ȱ ‘Žȱ œŽŒ˜—ȱ ’œ™•ŠŒŽ–Ž—ǯȱ ˜ȱ
œŒ‘˜•Š›ȱ‘ŠœȱŽŸŽ›ȱŠĴŽ–™Žȱ˜ȱ™›˜Ÿ’ŽȱŠ—ȱŽ¡™•Š—Š’˜—ȱŠœȱ˜ȱ ‘¢ȱȃ’ȱ’œȱ
žœžŠ•Ȅȱ˜›ȱȃŠȱ›ž•ŽȄȱ‘Šȱ Žȱ‹Ž’—ȱ‘Žȱœž¢ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ¡’•’Œȱ™Ž›’˜ȱ ’‘ȱ
˜•ž–‹’Šȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŘŖŖŘǼDzȱžŽ›ȱ›’ŽœǰȱŽ ȱ›Š—œ—Š’˜—Š•ȱ˜Œ’Š•ȱ™ŠŒŽœDZȱ —Ž›Ȭ
—Š’˜—Š•ȱ–’›Š’˜—ȱŠ—ȱ›Š—œ—Š’˜—Š•ȱŒ˜–™Š—’Žœȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽŠ›•¢ȱ Ž—¢ȬꛜȱŒŽ—ž›¢ȱǻ˜—˜—Ȧ
Ž ȱ˜›”DZȱ˜ž•ŽŽǰȱŘŖŖŗǼDzȱ’”˜ȱ˜£’—˜ǰȱŽǯǰȱ‘Ž˜›Ž’ŒŠ•ȱŠ—ȱŽ‘˜˜•˜’ŒŠ•ȱ œœžŽœȱ
’—ȱ’›Š’˜—ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘DZȱ —Ž›’œŒ’™•’—Š›¢ǰȱ —Ž›Ž—Ž›Š’˜—Š•ȱŠ—ȱ —Ž›—Š’˜—Š•ȱŽ›œ™ŽŒ’ŸŽœȱ
ǻŽ›–˜—DZȱ œ‘ŠŽȱ ž‹•’œ‘’—ȱ ˜–™Š—¢ǰȱ ŘŖŖŖǼDzȱ Ž˜›Žȱ ǯȱ ˜›Šœǰȱ Žǯǰȱ œœžŽœȱ ’—ȱ ‘Žȱ
Œ˜—˜–’Œœȱ ˜ȱ ––’›Š’˜—ȱ ǻ‘’ŒŠ˜ȱ Š—ȱ ˜—˜—DZȱ ‘Žȱ —’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ ˜ȱ ‘’ŒŠ˜ȱ ›Žœœǰȱ
ŘŖŖŖǼDzȱ Š–Žœȱ ǯȱ ’–™Ž•ǰȱŽ™Š›ŠŽȱŽœ’—Š’˜—œDZȱ’›Š’˜—ǰȱ ––’›Š’˜—ǰȱŠ—ȱ‘Žȱ˜•’’Œœȱ
˜ȱ•ŠŒŽœȱǻ——ȱ›‹˜›DZȱ‘Žȱ—’ŸŽ›œ’¢ȱ˜ȱ’Œ‘’Š—ȱ›ŽœœǰȱŗşşşǼDzȱ Š–Žœȱǯȱ–’‘ȱŠ—ȱ
Š››¢ȱ–˜—œ˜—ǰȱŽœǯǰȱ‘Žȱ ––’›Š’˜—ȱŽ‹ŠŽDZȱž’Žœȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜—˜–’ŒǰȱŽ–˜›Š™‘’Œǰȱ
Š—ȱ’œŒŠ•ȱ쎌œȱ˜—ȱ ––’›Š’˜—ȱǻŠ—Ž•ȱ˜—ȱ‘ŽȱŽ–˜›Š™‘’ŒȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—˜–’Œȱ –™ŠŒœȱ
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Battlefields
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Title: Point Park, Lookout Mountain and Chattanooga Battlefields

Creator: United States. National Park Service

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POINT PARK,

LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND CHATTANOOGA BATTLEFIELDS ***
 Point Park
Lookout Mountain
and Chattanooga
Battlefields
CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA
National Military Park
GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE
 UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service

The National Park System, of which this area is a unit, is

dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic
heritage of the United States for the benefit and inspiration of
its people.

Cover: Chattanooga and the winding Tennessee River from Point Park,
Lookout Mountain.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 0-618486 REPRINT 1961

1
 Point Park, Lookout Mountain and
Chattanooga Battlefields

CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA

NATIONAL MILITARY PARK

The Battle of Chattanooga—a Union victory in November 1863

which secured that important railroad center and opened the way
for the Atlanta Campaign

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, oldest and

largest of the national military park areas, was established in
commemoration of two important battles of the American Civil War.
On these battlefields gallant soldiers of the North and the South
fought for control of Chattanooga, strategic railroad center and
gateway to the heart of the Confederate States. Here, thousands of
men on both sides exemplified the true American qualities of
independence, courage, and self-sacrifice, which constitute the
enduring strength of our democracy. At the dedication of the park, a
veteran of the battle said: “Here ... we and they, the living and the
dead, Confederate and Federal, fought for the right as each
understood it, for the Constitution as each construed it, and for the
liberty as each interpreted it.”
The Campaign for Chattanooga
Chattanooga was an important railroad center at the time of the Civil
War. Railroad lines radiated in the four principal directions and
provided connections with Nashville, Memphis, Atlanta, and
Richmond. The location of the city on the navigable Tennessee River
where there were gaps in the mountains added to its strategic value.
Its capture by Union forces would be a severe blow to the South. It
would check the east and west passage of men and supplies for the
Southern armies and provide a springboard for the invasion of 2
Georgia.

During the summer and early fall of 1863, by skillful maneuvers, the
Union Army of the Cumberland forced the Southern Army of
Tennessee out of middle Tennessee and Chattanooga. On September
19 and 20, at Chickamauga Creek in Georgia, the two armies met in
one of the fiercest engagements of the war. While this battle ended
in Confederate victory, the Union forces succeeded in retreating
northward into Chattanooga.

The Confederates now settled down to siege tactics and attempted

to force the surrender of the Army of the Cumberland through
starvation. By occupying Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge
and by establishing a line between the two heights, they cut off all
but the most difficult route by which supplies could be brought into
the city. Within a month the Union Army in Chattanooga was in a
desperate situation and was reduced to half rations. Ten thousand
horses and mules died and surrender seemed inevitable.

The North, however, met this crisis by a change of command and

reinforcements. Troops from the Army of the Potomac in Virginia and
from Grant’s Vicksburg forces in Mississippi were sent hurrying to
Chattanooga, and General Grant arrived to take the overall
command.

The reinforcements arrived in time to save the besieged army. A new

supply route was opened and was successfully defended. As a result
of this timely aid, the siege of Chattanooga failed. Nevertheless, the
Confederates still held their positions. In November the greatly
strengthened Union Army assumed the offensive.

Missionary Ridge from DeLong Reservation.

The Battle of Chattanooga
The Battle of Chattanooga was a 3-day engagement, November 23
to 25. As planned by the Union officers, victory was to be won by a
flanking movement against the Confederate right wing on the north
end of Missionary Ridge. If this position were carried, Union troops
in the center were to join in an effort to sweep the Confederates
from their base of supplies and communications and to defeat them.
The engagement, however, developed much differently. While the
main force was maneuvered into position, a demonstration attack
was made on a Confederate outpost at Orchard Knob, about a mile
in front of Missionary Ridge. This advance movement was
successfully carried out on November 23 but it warned the 3
Confederates of danger on that right flank and prompted them
to strengthen their positions.

On the next day, while the maneuvering force was still getting into
position, the Union officers tried another demonstration, this time to
divert the Confederates on their left. Moving along the slopes of
Lookout Mountain from the western side, Union troops gradually
drove back the few Confederate defenders. At Cravens Farm,
however, they met stubborn resistance from an entrenched line of
troops. Here the fighting was most serious, the Confederates finally
being dislodged and forced to retreat to a new line 400 yards
beyond. At this point the fighting ended, and although the
Confederates had not yet been driven from the mountain, their
position was in danger. Rather than risk being cut off from the main
line of forces on Missionary Ridge, the Confederate commander,
General Bragg, evacuated all troops from Lookout Mountain and the
valley below. When Union soldiers scaled the palisades the next
morning, they found the mountain deserted.
On the third day, the Union Army resumed the attempt to gain a
foothold on the north end of Missionary Ridge, which it had
previously failed to take, but all attacks were repulsed by the
Confederates. The forces on Lookout Mountain were ordered to
advance across Chattanooga Valley to attack the Confederate left
flank, but they advanced slowly. Meanwhile, in order to relieve the
situation on both Union flanks, other troops were thrown against the
Confederate rifle pits along the base of Missionary Ridge. In a rush
these Union soldiers carried the rifle pits. Then in their enthusiasm,
without waiting for further orders, they charged up the mountain
slopes and broke the Confederate positions. This precipitated a
general retreat of the Confederate Army across the border into
Georgia. Complete control of Chattanooga and its approaches had at
last been won by the Union.

Tennessee River from Point Park, Lookout Mountain.

The Park
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park is composed of
separate areas, the more important of which are: Chickamauga
Battlefield, in Georgia; Point Park and the Battlefield of Lookout
Mountain, and Orchard Knob, in Chattanooga; a chain of small 4
reservations located on Missionary Ridge; and Signal Point on
Signal Mountain. The park contains approximately 8,190 acres of
Federal land.
Point Park and Lookout Mountain Battlefield
You are urged to go first to Point Park on Lookout Mountain, where
from the terrace of the Adolph S. Ochs Observatory and Museum,
high above the winding Tennessee River, you may obtain a
comprehensive view of the Battlefield of Chattanooga. On the
parapet are markers to identify the more important troop positions,
and maps are available to indicate the natural and historic features
of interest. You may get further assistance from a National Park
Service attendant.

The observatory and museum bears the name of one of the park’s
major benefactors, the late Adolph S. Ochs, publisher of the
Chattanooga Times and the New York Times. He was responsible for
the acquisition of considerable land on Lookout Mountain for
inclusion in the park.

From Lookout Point interesting foot trails, extending along eastern

and western flanks of the mountain, will reveal to you unusual rock
formations typical of the area and will provide ever-changing and
beautiful vistas of the countryside below.

You can reach Point Park from Chattanooga via U. S. 41, 64, 72, and
11 which combine as they leave the city and skirt the base of
Lookout Mountain. You then turn off on the Scenic Highway, which
leads up the mountain to the park entrance. You may also visit the
park by means of the St. Elmo buses from Chattanooga, which
connect with the Lookout Mountain Incline Railway at the foot of the
mountain. The top of the incline is within short walking distance of
the Point Park entrance.
Missionary Ridge
To commemorate the engagement on Missionary Ridge, there are a
series of park areas located at important points on the ridge. Access
to these areas is provided by the Crest Road which runs the entire
length of the line occupied by the Confederates during the battle.
Markers, monuments, tablets, and gun positions will provide you
with information, and you can get excellent views of Chattanooga
along this drive. The more important units of the park on Missionary
Ridge are: The Sherman Reservation, where Sherman’s forces
unsuccessfully attacked the north end of the Confederate line; the
DeLong Reservation, site of one of the breaks in the Confederate
line; the Ohio Reservation, an area set aside to commemorate the
participation of Ohio troops in the battles; and the Bragg
Reservation, where the Confederate commander had his
headquarters.
Orchard Knob
This unit of the park is located near McCallie Avenue (U. S. 11 and
64), in Chattanooga. It marks the site where the first action of the
Battle of Chattanooga took place. Orchard Knob became General
Grant’s headquarters during the remainder of the battle.
Administration
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park is administered
by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the
Interior.

At the park headquarters, located on the Chickamauga Battlefield in

Georgia, there are a museum and reference library. The Fuller gun
collection of American shoulder arms is an outstanding attraction of
the museum.

Additional information may be obtained by addressing the

Superintendent, Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military
Park, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.

Those who plan to visit in a group may receive special service if

advance arrangements are made with the superintendent.

5
CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA
NATIONAL MILITARY PARK
GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE
Transcriber’s Notes
Silently corrected a few typos.
Retained publication information from the printed edition: this
eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.
In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
_underscores_.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POINT PARK,
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND CHATTANOOGA BATTLEFIELDS ***

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