Problemas de Matemáticas 4o de ESO

Octubre 2002

1 Ecuaciones Logarı́tmicas:
1. 5 log 2x = 20 Sol: x = 5000

2. 3 log 5x = −9 Sol: x = 0, 0002

3. log 2x−4
5 =2 Sol: x = 252

4. log(x + 1)2 = 2 Sol: x = 9; x = −11

5. log(7x + 15) − log 5 = 1 Sol: x = 5

6. log x2 = 1 + log(21 − x) Sol: x = 20

7. log 10
x = 2 − 2 log x Sol: x = 10; x = 0

8. 2 log x − log(x2 − 2x + 6) = 0 Sol: x = 3

1
9. log(2x − 3) + log(3x − 2) = 2 − log 25 Sol: x = 2; x = 6
4
10. log(3x2 − 2) = 1 + log(x − 1) Sol: x = 2; x = 3
2
11. log x2 + 3 log x = 2 Sol: x = 10 5

12. 2 log x2 − 2 log x = 2 Sol: x = 10

13. log x2 + 1 = log x3 Sol: x = 10

14. log(1 − x) + log x = 1 Sol: No tiene solución real.

10
15. log x − log(1 − x) = 1 Sol: x = 11

16. log x + 2 = log x3 Sol: x = 10

17. log(1 + x) + log(1 − x) = 2 Sol: No tiene solución real.

18. log(2x + 7) − log(x − 1) = log 5 Sol: x = 4

log(35−x2 )
19. log(5−x) =3 Sol: x = 3 : x = 2

20. log x2 − log 10x+11

10 =1 Sol: x = 11; x = −1

21. log(2x + 2) + log(x + 3) = log 6 Sol: x = 0, x = −4

log 2+log(x2 −2)
22. log(2x−2) =2 Sol: x = 2

1
23. log(x + 6) − 12 log(2x − 3) = 2 − log 25 Sol: x = 6; x = 14

24. log x = log 2 + 2 log(x − 3) Sol: x = 92 ; x = 2

25. 2 log x = 2 + log x Sol: x = 0; x = 2

26. log 8 + (x2 − 5x + 7) log 3 = log 24 Sol: x = 3; x = 2

27. 2 log x − log 16 = log x2 Sol: x = 0; x = 8

28. log(2x+4)+log(3x+1)−log 4 = 2 log(8−x) Sol: x = −42 x = 3

log(35−x3 )
29. log(5−x) =3 Sol: x = 3 x = 2

log 2+log(11−x2 ) 1
30. log(5−x) =2 Sol: x = 3 x=3
1
31. log(5x + 4) − log 2 = 2 log(x + 4) Sol: x = 0

32. (x2 − x + 3) log 4 = 3 log 14 Sol: No tiene solución.

2 Sistemas de Ecuaciones Logarı́tmicas:

1.
(
2 log x− 5 log y = −1
3 log x+ 2 log y = 8

Sol: x = 100; y = 10
2.
(
4 log x − 3 log y = −1
log(x · y) = 5

Sol: x = 100; y = 1000

3.
log x + log y 3 = 5
(
3
log xy2 = 4

Sol: x = 100; y = 10
4.
(
log(x2 · y) = 2
log xy =1

Sol: x = 10; y = 1

2
 5.
(
log x2 − 3 log y = −1
log(x · y 2 ) =3

Sol: x = 10; y = 10
6.
(
log x2 − 3 log y = 2
log( yx2 ) =3

Sol: x = 10−5 ; y = 10−4

7.
(
log x − log y = 7
log x + log y = 3

Sol: x = 105 ; y = 10−2

8.
(
x−y = 15
log x + log y = 2

Sol: x = −5; y = −20 o bien x = 20; y = 5

9.
(
log x + 3 log y = 5
2
log xy =3

Sol: x = 100; y = 10
10.
(
2 log x2 − log y 2 = 4
2 log x + log y 2 = 2

Sol: x = 100; y = 1

3 Ecuaciones Exponenciales:
1. 2x+1 = 8 Sol: x = 2

2. 2x+3 + 4x+1 = 320 Sol: x = 3

3. 612−3x = 216 Sol: x = 3

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 4. 53x−12 = 125 Sol: x = 5
5. 2x + 2x+3 = 36 Sol: x = 2
6. 3x + 3x−2 = 270 Sol: x = 5
31
7. 5x + 5x+1 + 5x+2 = 25 Sol: x = −2
2 +3x−11
8. 52x = 125 Sol: x = 2; x = − 72
9. 4x + 22x−1 = 24 Sol: x = 2; la otra solución no es real.
10. 2x + 22x = 6 Sol: x = 1; la otra solución no es real.
11. 3x+3 + 9x+2 = 4 Sol: x = −2; la otra solución no es real.
12. 42x+1 − 4x+2 = 768 Sol: x = 2; la otra solución no es real.
13. 2x · 3x = 12 · 18 Sol: x = 3
14. 9x+3 = 32x+5 Sol: No tiene solución.
2 +3x+2
15. 8x =1 Sol: x = −1; x = −2
16. 5x + 5x−1 + xx−2 = 31 Sol: x = 2
17. 2x+2 = 0, 52x−1 Sol: x = − 13
√3
18. a7−x = a2 Sol: x = 1
19. 4x − 5 · 2x + 4 = 0 Sol: x = 2; x = 0
20. 72x+3 − 8 · 7x+1 + 1 = 0 Sol: x = −1; x = −2
21. 4x · 5x−1 = 1600 Sol: x = 3
2 −11x+30
22. 10x = (2 · 5)2 Sol: x = 7; x = 4
23. 3x−1 + 3x + 3x+1 = 117 Sol: x = 3
24. 32(x+1) − 28 · 3x + 3 = 0 Sol: x = −2; x = 1
25. 22x − 3 · 2x+1 + 8 = 0 Sol: x = 2; x = 1
 5
2
26. 7 = 3, 5x+1 Sol: x = −6
5
27. 5x − 5x−1
− 24 = 0 Sol: x = 2

2−x
28. 43−x =1 Sol: x = 3; x = 2
2 1
29. 21−x = 8 Sol: x = ±2
q
3 2− 1
30. 32x−1 = 9x 4 Sol: x = 11
2 ; x= 1
2

31. 3 · 2x+3 = 192 · 3x−3 Sol: No tiene solución.

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4 Sistemas de Ecuaciones Exponenciales:
1.
(
3 · 2x − 4 · 7y = −172
7 · 2x + 2 · 7y = 154

Sol: x = 3; y = 2
2.
(
4x+1 − 6y = 40
2 · 4x − 6y = −88

Sol: x = 3; y = 3
3.
(
2 · 3x+1 − 5y+2 = −2639
4 · 3x + 5y = 449

Sol: x = 4; y = 4
4.
(
3x + 2y = 31
3x+1 − 2y+2 = 65

Sol: x = 3; y = 2
5.
(
5x+y = 253
3x−y = 25

Sol: x = 4; y = 2
6.
(
15· 5x−1 − 6y = 339
3· 5x + 2· 6y+1 = 807

Sol: x = 3; y = 2
7.
(
ax+y = a4
ax−y = a2

Sol: x = 3; y = 1

5
 8.
(
8y · 22x = 128
32y · 3x−1 = 27

Sol: x = −70; y = 49
9.
( √
33x−y = 310
32x+y = 3

Sol: x = 56 ; y = − 75
10.
(
3 · 2x − 2 · 3y = −6
4 · 2x − 3 · 3y = −11

Sol: x = 2; y = 2
11.
(
3 · 2x − 5 · 3y = 3
2x+1 + 3y+1 = 59

Sol: x = 4; y = 2
12.
(
2x − 3y−1 = 5
2x+1 + 8 · 3y = 712

Sol: x = 5; y = 4
13.
(
2 · 3x + 2y+3 = 86
3x − 2y = 23

Sol: x = 3; y = 2
14.
(
2x+2y = 32
52x−y = 1

Sol: x = 1; y = 2