Percentage

Percent: percent means ‘per hundred’. It is denoted by % sign. If we say x%. it implies ‘x’ out of 100.
In fraction, x% can be written as x/100.
 15% means 15 out of 100. In fraction, 15% can be written as 15/100 and in decimal it
can be written as 0.15

Frequently used fractions and their equivalent percent:

1 = 100%

Note:
 If we have two number – one of them is increased by X% and the other is decreased by X%,
Then, the product of the number will be decreased by
 If out of two number – one of them is increased by X% and the other is increased by Y%.
Then percentage increase in the product of two number is
[Decrease in a number can be written as negative increase e.g. if the first number is decreased by X%
then we can write it as (-X) % increase]

 If the increase is X% then the decrease is

 If the decrease is Y% then the increase is

Exercise

1. 10% of 400= …….

2. 10% of 30 =……..
3. 10 % of 48 = …….
4. 10% of 2.4 = …….
5. 10% of 0.37 =……
6. 15% of 40=…….
7. 14.28% of 42=…….
8. 12.5 % of 72=……
9. 40% of 35=………
10. 1% of 0.05=…….

1. If 12% of x is equal to 6% of y, then 18% of x will be equal to how much % of y?

a) 7 b) 9 c) 11 d) None of these
2. Two numbers are less than a third number by 40% and 47% respectively. How much per cent is
the second number less than the first ?approx)
a)85% b) 88% c) 95% d) None of these
3. A shopkeeper gives two successive discounts of 20 % and 10 % on surplus stock. Further,
he also gives a 5 % extra discount on cash payments. If a person buys a shirt from the
surplus stock and pays in cash, what overall discount percent will he get on the shirt?
a) 31.6% b) 32.4% c) 33% d) 35%
4. A shopkeeper marks the price of his goods at 25% higher than the original price. After that, he
allows a discount of 12%. What profit or loss does he get?
a) 10% loss b) 10% profit c) 15% loss d) 15% profit
5. A sweet seller sells 3/5th part of sweets at a profit of 10% and remaining at a loss of 5%. If the
total profit is Rs 1500, then what is the total cost price of sweets?
a) 36500 b) 37000 c) 37500 d) None of these
6. ’A’ sold an article to ’B’ at a profit of 20%. ’B’ sold the same article to ’C’ at a loss of 25% and
’C’ sold the same article to ’D’ at a profit of 40%. If ’D’ paid Rs 252 for the article, then find
how much did ’A’ pay for it?
a) 175 b) 180 c) 200 d) 21
7. The price of cooking oil has increased by 25%. The percentage of reduction that a family should
effect in the use of cooking oil so as not to increase the expenditure on this account is?
a) 20% b) 23% c) 25% d) None of these
8. If the cost of electricity increases by 30%, by what percent one should reduce his spend in order
that spent on electricity stays the same?
a) 30% b) 42.07% c) 23.07% d) 25%
9. A is less than B by 20% then B is more than A by?
a) 25% b) 20% c) 80% d) 120%
10. What is the % change in the price of a car if the price is reduced by 20% then increased by 10%?
a) Decreased by 12% b) Increased by 10% c) Decreased by 10% d) Increased by 8%
11. A reduction of 20% in the price of strawberries enables a person to purchase 12 more for
Rs. 15. What was the price of 16 strawberries before the reduction of price?
a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 9
12. Ratio of number of seats in maths, biology and chemistry is 4:5:6, and there is a proposal to
increase the seats by 10%, 20%,30% respectively. Find the new ratio.
a) 1:2:3 b) 44:60:78 c) 22:30:39 d)11:23:34
13. The population of a town is 17280. It increases annually at the rate of 20% p.a. What was the
population before 2 years?
a) 14440 b) 12000 c) 11059 d) 11400
14. Two candidates fought an election. One got 60% of the votes and won by 600 votes. The total
number of votes polled is:
a) 1000 b) 2000 c) 6000 d) 3000
15. In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes and 20% of the
total votes were invalid votes. At the end of the day when the total number of votes was
counted, the total number was found to be 7500. So what was the total number of valid
votes that the other candidate got, was:
a) 2400 b) 3100 c) 3400 d) 2700
16. Saravanan scored 42% & get 11 marks more than minimum pass mark, Partha Scored 33% &
fails the exam by 7 marks. Find the total mark.
a) 73 b) 200 c) 84 d) 66
Profit or Loss

 Cost Price: The price paid by the purchaser for buying the article is called cost price of the article.
 Selling Price: The price at which article is sold by the seller is called selling price of the article.
 Profit: The article is said to be sold at profit, if its selling price more than its cost Price.
Profit = Selling price – Cost price
 Loss: The article is said to be sold at loss, if its selling price is less than its cost price.
Loss = Cost price – Selling price

 Percentage: ,

 Relation between Selling price and Cost price

 Mark up and Discount:

Complete the Table:

C.P S.P Profit % Loss%
Rs.150 Rs.180
Rs.170 Rs.153
Rs.220 15%
Rs.75 20%
Rs.182 30%
Rs.144 10%

1. An article is bought for Rs. 675 and sold for Rs. 900. Find the gain percent?
a) 30 2/3% b) 31 1/3% c) 33 1/3% d) 33 1/6%
2. Arjun sold calculator for Rs 480 and he get a profit of 20%. Find the cp of calculator.
a) 384 b) 576 c) 400 d) None of these
3. Cost price of 4 chocolate is Rs.5 and sold 5 chocolates for 7 Rs. Find profit or loss %.
a) 16.66% Loss b) 12% Profit c) 12 % Loss d) 16.66% Profit
4. Cost price of 20 oranges is equal to selling price of 15 oranges. Find Profit or Loss %.
a) 25% Loss b) 25% Profit c) 33.33% Loss d) 33.33% Profit
5. Cost price of 18 oranges is equal to selling price of 24 oranges. Find Profit or Loss %.
a) 25% Loss b) 25% Profit c) 33.33% Loss d) 33.33% Profit
6. If the selling of a book is 4/3th of its Cost price, then Profit percentage in the transaction is?
a) 20% b) 16.67% c) 25% d) 33.33%
7. Thiru bought 2 pen at same price, sold one pen at a profit of 20% and another pen at a loss of
20%. Find overall profit or Loss %.
a) No profit No Loss b) 4% Profit c) 4% Loss d) Cannot be determined
8. Sankar sold 2 pen at same price, sold one pen at a profit of 20% and another pen at a loss of
20%. Find overall profit or Loss %.
a) No profit No Loss b) 4% Profit c) 4% Loss d) Cannot be determined
9. By selling an article at Rs. 800, a shopkeeper makes a profit of 25%. At what price should he sell
the article so as to make a loss of 25%?
a) Rs. 460 b) Rs. 480 c) Rs. 500 d) Rs. 520
10. A trader buys an article for ₹1200 and marks it 30% above the C.P. He then sells it after
allowing a discount of 20%. Find the profit percentage.
1
a) 5% b) 4% c) 4 % d) 6%
2
 SI & CI
1. A Certain sum of money amounts to Rs 2500 in a span Of 5 years and further to Rs.3000 in a
span of 7 years at simple interest The sum is_______
2. Ramakant wants to earn Rs. 1,500 interest on his deposits. He plans to buy a sack of grains with
the interest. He puts Rs. 5,000 into his account that earns 2.5% interest. How long will he need to
leave his money in the account to earn this interest that would help him buy the sack of grains?
3. Alok deposits Rs.5,000 in his bank account for 5 years to earn an interest of 12%. what amount
will he get after 5 years?
4. Reena took a loan of Rs. 1200 with simple interest for as many years as the rate of interest. If she
paid Rs. 432 as interest at the end of the loan period, what was the rate of interest?
5. An automobile financier claims to be lending money at simple interest, but he includes the
interest every six months for calculating the principal. If he is charging an interest of 10%, the
effective rate of interest becomes:
6. A lent Rs. 5000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 3000 to C for 4 years on simple interest at the same rate
of interest and received Rs. 2200 in all from both of them as interest. The rate of interest per
annum is:
7. A man took loan from a bank at the rate of 12% p.a. simple interest. After 3 years he had to pay
Rs. 5400 interest only for the period. The principal amount borrowed by him was:
8. A person borrows Rs. 5000 for 2 years at 4% p.a. simple interest. He immediately lends it to
another person at 6% p.a for 2 years. Find his gain in the transaction per year.
9. The difference between simple and compound interests compounded annually on a certain sum
of money for 2 years at 4% per annum is Re. 1. The sum (in Rs.) is:
10. There is 60% increase in an amount in 6 years at simple interest. What will be the compound
interest of Rs. 12,000 after 3 years at the same rate?
11. The compound interest on Rs. 30,000 at 7% per annum is Rs. 4347. The period (in years) is
12. Rahul bought a car for Rs. 4,50,000. Next year, new version of car will be launched which is 1.5
times costlier than the make Rahul has. Company offers to buy back the older version at 19/20 of
its original price. How much more does Rahul have to pay now?
 Directions
1. One morning Karthi and surya were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If surya's
shadow was exactly to the left of karthi, which direction was karthi facing?
a) East b) West c) North d) South
2. A man is facing north-west. He turns 125° in the clockwise direction, then 285° in the anti
clockwise direction and finally 115°in clockwise direction . Which direction is he facing now?
a) East b) West c) North d) South
3. Santhanam put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 P.M. hour hand points to North-
east. In which direction the minute hand will point at 9.15 P.M.?
a) East b) North-west c) South-east d) South-west
4. Rohan is walking towards west. He takes three turns while walking, all at an internal) angle of 45
degree towards right, right and left. What direction is he facing now?
a) North-East b) South-East c) East d) West
5. If North is called North-East, North-East is called East. East is called South-East and so on.
What will South-East are called?
a) East b) South c) South –West d) West
6. Nancy is standing at point A facing North. She walks 50 meters to her right and takes a left turn
and walks another 40 meters., then she walks 30 meters to her left again and then 20 meters to
her right. In which direction is she standing from her starting point?
a)North-East b)North-west c)North d)South-west
7. Karan starts walking towards South. After Walking 15 meters he turns towards North.
AfterWalking 20 meters, he turns towards East and walks 10 meters. He then turns towards
South and Walks 5 meters. How far and in which direction is he from his original position?
a)10 meters East b)10 meters South-East c)10 meters West d)10 meters North-East
8. Raja has to go to Cafe Morrison which is 50 meters away from his house in the south-west
direction. He walks 30meters towards south and takes a right turn. How far and in which
direction would Raja have to walk now to reach Cafe Morrison?
a)40 Meters, East b)40 Meters, West c)40 Meters, SE d)40 Meters, NE
9. One day, Raja left home and cycled 5km Southwards, turned left and cycled 2 km and turned left
again and cycled 3 km. Then, he turned right and cycled 5 km. How many kilometres will he
have to cycle to reach his home straight?
a) Square root of 53 b) Square root of 54 c) Square root of 55 d) Square root of 56
10. Kunal is located 40 m South-West of Lalit. If Madhu is 40 m South-East of Lalit, then what is
Madhu's position with respect to Kunal?
a) North b) South c) East d) South-East
11. A x B means A is to the south of B;
A + B means A is to the north of B;
A % B means A is to the east of B;
A - B means A is to the west of B;
then in P % Q + R - S, S is in which direction with respect to Q?
a) North-east b) North-west c) South-east d) South-west