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SMART WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IoT

Article in Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government · January 2021

DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.232

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Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol. 27, No. 3,2021
https://cibg.org.au/
P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903
DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.232

SMART WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IoT

P.Ramkumar1, R.Uma2, R.Valarmathi3

1
Department of Computer Scinece and Engineering, Rajarajeswari College of
Engineering, Bangalore-560074.
2,3
Department of Computer Science and Engieneering, Sri Sairam Engineering
College, Chennai-6000044 E-mail:
[email protected],[email protected],valarmathi.cse@sairam
.edu.in3

ABSTRACT : Agriculture is very significant for India. Since, the people of India mostly
depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Farming has seen a number of technological
transformations in the last decades, becoming more industrialized and technology-driven. By
using various smart agriculture gadgets, farmers have gained better control over the process
of raising livestock and growing crops, making it more predictable and efficient. Incumbently
a technology play an indispensible role for the development of this agricultural country and
farming is also solemnly depends on water. Water irrigation is one of the methods to supply
water in their farms but in some occasion it might be wasted. The traditional water irrigation
system is very difficult due to the scarcity of water which is primarily caused by rapid growth
of population and climate. Internet of Things (IoT) is a new methodology to empower the
modernization of agriculture. Since through automation Iot can make agriculture and all sorts
of farming process in an efficient way by reducing human interventions. So, due to this, it is
proposed a novel method called automation of water irrigation system using IoT to save
water and time. In this novel approach it is planned to use various sensors such as
temperature, humidity, soil moisture sensors to measure the different parameters of the soil
based on the value of soil moisture will get automatically make the motor status as on or off
stage. With respect to these sensed parameters and the status of the motor will be displayed
on mobile. Monitoring and collecting data for soil moisture, temperature, humidity and
sunlight intensity across multiple fields will improve efficiency of water usage and crop yield
of large and local farms and also when the soil in agricultural land becomes dry by using this
method the pump will automatically start the flow of water for irrigation. Sensors are
deployed on the farms to monitor the status of crops according to the climate changes in light,
humidity, temperature, shape and size. Any deviation is identified by the sensors then the
status of the crop will be displayed on the farmer’s smart phone.
KEYWORDS: IoT, Sensors, Irrigation, Temperature, Moisture, Humidity

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Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol. 27, No. 3,2021
https://cibg.org.au/
P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903
DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.232
I. INTRODUCTION
In our Indian nation, agriculture is the prime source of income for the wide range of people.
However to establish an agriculture sector in our country, still there is a need of technological
development in the genre of agriculture. Even though several initiatives have been taken by
the government of india for issuing online answers for the agricultural related queries and
mobile messaging services for the farmers.
An automated water irrigation system is needed to assist the farmers to measure the quality of
temperature, humidity and moistures of the soil by their smartphone. Based on the review it is
identified that the contribution of agriculture is 27% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and
provides an employment to 70% of Indian population. IoT is a growing technology in the
field of agriculture and uplift the farmers to meet out the challenges. The agriculture should
have to replenish the problem of water scarcity, constrained lands abreast of the population
growth. This novel imitative of IoT may address these issues and increase the quantity,
quality and sustainability as well as the cost effectiveness of agricultural production.
Agriculture is the heart of our Indian economy. At present, due to the rapid growth of
population agriculture plays a vital role to fulfill the people’s requirements. However,
agriculture needs irrigation of water in every year and the necessity of water is more than the
rainfall. So it is very crucial to conserve the water by the farmers to achieve the highest
production yield. But incumbently the farmers use technical irrigation through the manual
control at the periodical interval. According to survey, 85% of fresh water is presently used
for agriculture. This situation would prevail in future for the growth of population and the
demand of food. It is necessary to create a strategy with respect to science and technology for
the sustainable usage of water which includes agronomic, technical managerial and industrial
developments. Based on the requirements of crop an irrigation system needs to be provided
using technology. By using both the internet and sensor network technology, it is possible to
control the waste of water and enlarges the scientific methods for water irrigation. So, it will
improve the water utilization and productivity.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging technologies which may be in a mobile device used
for observed in and around the place. It comprises communicating objects which are installed
in several locations and it can be far away from each other. IoT is a kind of networking
technology used for sense the information from various sensors and it is always prompt for
exchanging the information. It is used for the adapt the status of the device. The central
processing unit may comprise a communication device to collect the data from different
sensors and transmits those information to another devices of the user. It will be done using a
higher end communication device like Wi-Fi module. The central module may convert the
processed data into meaningful data and communicate with other user. With the help of
handheld device such as mobile a user may perceive the data. At present the dearth for water
is a major concern in agricultural field. This work addresses an efficient method of water
irrigation using automated irrigation system.
This proposed approach would overhaul the unnecessary water irrigation on to the farmlands.
The values of temperature, moisture, humidity are periodically monitored by temperature,
moisture, humidity sensors respectively and transmit these values to the allocated IP address.
An android application would gradually gather the data from the allocated IP address. When
the soil moisture reaches the threshold values then the arduino microcontroller resist the

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Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol. 27, No. 3,2021
https://cibg.org.au/
P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903
DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.232
motor for water flow. The android application is very user friendly application with some
menu driven option. This consists of status of the motor, moisture, temperature, and humidity
values. The status of the motor reveals the current status of the pump.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Zhang.s [1] et.al proposed intelligent water saving irrigation control system based on water
balance. this paper introduced a water saving irrigation control system by using agricultural
internet of things. The outcome of this work reveals an intelligent water saving irrigation with
respect to water balance in an effective irrigation method. Ashika.et.al [2]proposed a method
using aurdino for sensing moisture and controlling the water flow and microcontroller unit for
identifying the status of the water irrigation system for the farmers using mobile
communication. The status of the entire pump in a whole agricultural land will be updated to
the farmers through smart mobile. Less levdow[3] discussed about improving water efficient
irrigation and also addressed its prospects and difficulties. This method enhances the water
efficiency and economical improvements to the farmer. This will also improve the integrate
water and nutrient management. Srishar[4]et. al proposed a smart irrigation system that
emphasizes a technique which is incorporated for monitoring the moisture of the soil. The
outcome of this result would provide effective crop treatment and water management and also
this work addresses the landsite irrigation management to treat the desiccated fields and given
effective results to the producers.
Aarthi rao[5] addressed an environmental monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)
based IoT which collects data from the sensors and the data collects end tags which may send
it to the router and router to the multi supply nodes. The entire data will be recorded in the
base station and those data will be deliver to the cloud. This would be perceived by the client
at remote location. Deepak[6] et.al stressed the importance of farm beats data driven in an
agriculture using IoT which enables flawless data collection from the different sensors and
cameras. This method is mostly suitable for weather related power and provides a gateway to
ensure the services are available in the cloud.
Saraf[7].et.al proposed an IoT based smart irrigation monitoring and controlling system that
specified an importance of zigbee to make a communication between sensor nodes and base
station. Monitoring field irrigation system using wireless diminish the intervention of a
human in lieu of this it permits remote monitoring and controlling using android mobile. This
paper even addressed the cloud computing techniques to gather different data from various
sensors to assess the status of the plants in an farming land. Abubakr Muhammad [8]. Et.al
stressed the importance of water irrigation system using IoT enabled analysis of irrigation
rosters in the Indus basin irrigation system which is capable for real time reporting of flow
discharge through GPRS and backend server services.

III.PROPOSED SYSTEM

The underneath figure exhibits the overall automatic irrigation system using arduino. This
system comprises three different types of sensors which are connected to controller and
collect the sensed values from these sensors and transmit to the smart phone.

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Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol. 27, No. 3,2021
https://cibg.org.au/
P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903
DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.232

Moisture Relay
Sensor
Arduino
Micro
controller
Humidity Motor
Sensor

Temperature Mobie
Sensor Device

Power
Supply of
5V

Figure 1. Automatic Water Irrigation System

Figure 1 demonstrates the block diagram of smart irrigation system using IoT. The farmers
can initiate and use different monitoring and controlled system to increase the productivity
with an assist of automation of agricultural parameters like temperature, humidity and soil
moistures are observed and manage the system which would help the farmers to increase the
productivity.
The proposed method consists of an embedded system for automatic control of water
irrigation. It has wireless sensor network for sensing real time irrigation system. This method
would provide appropriate water to the agricultural land and avoids wastage of water. When
the moisture level comes down below the threshold level then the system will automatically
switch ON the motor for irrigation. When the water level reaches above the threshold level
then it will automatically OFF the motor. The current status of the motor and the sensed
parameters will be displayed on the user’s smart phone.

The DHT 11 is a fundamental, digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses the value and
capacitive humidity sensor to measure the air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin. It
is very easy for usage, but it will; take certain time to collect the data. The moisture content in
the atmosphere is measured by humidity sensors. The humidity values and the present
temperature will be send it to the microcontroller and it will be displayed on the user’s smart
phone.

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Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol. 27, No. 3,2021
https://cibg.org.au/
P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903
DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.232

Figure 2. Flowchart of Temperature and Humidity sensor

Soil Moisture Sensor
Soil moisture sensor determines the content of water in a soil. The moisture in the soil is a
vital factor in the atmospheric water cycle. Sensor module gives a high level of resistance
when the soil moisture becomes low. It consists of both analog and digital signal. Digital
output is very simple but not accurate when compared with the analog output based on the
level of the moisture the motor will be either ON or OFF state.

Start

Send Value

Display

If Sensor No
value <30

Yes

Motor is ON

End

Figure 3. Flow Chart for Soil Moisture Sensor

IV.RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Figure 4 demonstrates a prototype of an automated water irrigation system. The temperature
sensor, humidity sensor, soil sensors, relay and motor are connected with the microcontroller.
These sensors are used for sensing the various parameters of the soil, the motor is used for
irrigation of the water to the land and the motor will be controlled by relay.

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Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol. 27, No. 3,2021
https://cibg.org.au/
P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903
DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.232

Figure 4 Prototype of an automated irrigation system

Sensors are deployed on the farms to monitor the status of crops according to the climate
changes in light, humidity, temperature, shape and size. Any deviation is identified by the
sensors then the status of the crop will be displayed on the farmer’s smart phone.

Figure 6 Sensed values displayed on user android application.

The Sensors such as temperature, Moisture and humidity sensors would sense the
corresponding values and alert the smart phone to display the values for the farmers.

V. CONCLUSION
The agricultural networking techniques application is required for modern agricultural
development and also it enhances the development of agriculture. This proposed method
would provide a considerable impact on assuring the effective usage of water resources and
the efficiency and steadiness of the agricultural production. With more enhancement in the
genus of IoT in the forth coming years, these systems can be more capable much faster and
cheap in cost. In future, the system may forecast about users movement, weather forecasting
pattern, harvesting time, the intrusion of animal in the farm land and communicating the
information via smart phone to the users. Due to this in the forthcoming days agriculture
would be independent of human intervention and in turn quality as well as excellent quantity
of production can be obtained.

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Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol. 27, No. 3,2021
https://cibg.org.au/
P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903
DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.232
VI.REFERENCES

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Todorovicd,Alessandra Scardignod “Improving water-efficient irrigation: Prospects and
difficulties of innovative practices”
Agricultural Water Management 146 (2014) 84–94
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https://cibg.org.au/
P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903
DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.232
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