COMSATS Institute of Information

Technology, Abbottabad

EEE 223 Signals and Systems (4CH)

Pre-Requisite: Differential Equation (MTH 242)

Co-Requisite: None
Instructor: Dr. Shoaib Azmat
Office # Z-345
Email: [email protected]

Course Schedule: 4 credit hours/week (Lecture 3+ Lab 1)

Assessment Plan:

Theory Quizzes(4) 15%

Homework assignments 10%
2 Sessional exams (in class, 60-80 minutes each, 10%+15%) 25%
Terminal exam (3 hours) 50%
Total (theory) 100%
Lab work Lab reports (12) 25%
2 Lab sessionals 25%
Lab project and terminal exam 50%
Total (lab) 100%
Final marks Theory marks * 0.75 + Lab marks * 0.25

Course Catalog Description

Introduction, classification of signals, Basic Signals and Operations, Classification of Systems, Linear
Time Invariant Systems, Time Domain Analysis of LTI Systems, Discrete Time LTI Systems,
Convolution Sum, Continuous Time LTI Systems, Convolution Integral, Properties of LTI Systems,
Fourier Series Representation of Signals, A-periodic Signals, The Continuous Time Fourier Transform,
Frequency Response of LTI System, Discrete Time Fourier Transform, The Laplace Transform and its
Applications, Region of Convergence, Causality and Stability.

Text and Reference Books

 Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky, Syed H. Nawab, Signals and Systems (2nd Edition),
Prentice-Hall, 1997
 B. P. Lathi, Linear Systems and Signals, Berkeley Cambridge, 1992.
 Signal Processing First By James H. McClellan, Ronald W. Schafer, Mark A. Yoder

Course Outline Signals & Systems by Atiqa Kayani (modified by Dr. Shadan Khattak) Page 1
  Computer Explorations in signals & systems using Matlab By John R. Buck, Micheal M. Daniel,
Andrew C. Singer
 S.S. Solimon and M.D. Srinath, Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems (2nd Edition),
Prentice Hall, 1998.
 S. Haykin and B. Van Veen, Signals and Systems, John Wiely & Sons, 1999.
 L. Balmer, Signals and Systems: An Introduction (2nd Edition), Prentice Hall Europe, 1997
 Signals and Linear System Analysis, by G.E. Carlson.

Course Learning Objective

This course is meant to prepare students for the remainder of their electrical engineering education. Many
fields of engineering can be reduced to creating a series of block diagrams (systems), and analyzing the
properties of the signals that move through the system. Applications of these ideas include audio and
image processing, communications, control, machine learning and DSP applications.
By the end of this course, students should be able to analyze systems by examining their input and output
signals. They should be able to compute a system output in either time or frequency given the system
input and a description of the system, using the Laplace, Fourier, or Z-transform, as appropriate. You
should understand the differences and similarities between discrete and continuous time signals and
systems. This may be the first time you have seen discrete mathematics. The idea is that computers and
the digital circuits used in engineering are inherently discrete. You should be able to create discrete
signals by sampling continuous signals, and understand the requirements on the sampling.
Signal processing plays an extremely important and continually growing role in a wide variety of
engineering systems. Furthermore, technology and algorithms for signal processing continue to develop
rapidly. While only a short time ago signal processing systems were predominantly analog, integrated
circuit technology has made digital signal processing often preferable and more cost-effective.
This course is an introduction to the basic concepts and theory of analog and digital signal processing.
The concepts associated with continuous-time and with discrete-time signals and systems are treated
together in a closely coordinated way.

Course Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion, students should be able to:

1. Classify and distinguish various signals and systems and extend the understanding to form
the base for LTI system. (C2-PLO1)
2. Perform time-domain analysis of LTI systems using the convolution sum representation of the system
response for discrete-time (DT) systems and the convolution integral representation of the system re-
sponse for continuous-time (CT) signals. (C4-PLO2)
3. Describe the Fourier-series representation for CT and DT periodic signals and perform frequency-do-
main analysis of periodic signals using the Fourier series. (C4-PLO2)
4. Explain the Continuous-time Fourier transform (CTFT) and Discrete-time Fourier transform
(DTFT) for non-periodic signals and also analyze periodic signals in the frequency-domain using the
CTFT and DTFT. (C4-PLO2)
5. Describe the Laplace transform and analyze system stability with Laplace transforms. (C4-PLO2)

Course Outline

Course Outline Signals & Systems by Atiqa Kayani (modified by Dr. Shadan Khattak) Page 2
 Introduction: [3 week]
- Introduction to concepts of signals and systems
- Definition and Classification of signals
- Mathematical representation and time domain representation of signals
Introduction to LTI Systems [3 Weeks ]
- Properties of LTI Systems
- Representation through differential/difference equation
- Convolution Integral
- Convolution Sum
Frequency Response of LTI Systems [3 Weeks ]
- Response of LTI systems to complex exponentials
- Fourier series representation of signals (Continuous/Discrete)
- Fourier Series and LTI Systems, Filtering
Continuous time signal analysis: the Fourier transform [2 Week ]
- A-periodic signal representation by Fourier integral
-Transforms of some useful functions
- Properties of Fourier Transform, Ideal and practical filters, Signal energy
Discrete Time Signal Analysis: The Fourier Transform [2 Week ]
- Discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT)
- Properties of Discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT)
- Convolution and multiplication properties of DTFT
Time and Frequency Characterization of Signals & Systems [1 Week ]
- Magnitude-Phase Representation
- Group Delay, Log-magnitude & Bode Plot
Laplace Transform [2 Week ]
- Laplace transform, s-plane representation, Properties of Laplace transform
- ROC, inverse Laplace transform

Learning Assessment Outcome Plan

Sr. # Course Learning Outcomes Assessment

1. 1 Assignment No. 1
2. 1 Quiz No. 1
3. 1, 2 Sessional No. 1
4. 3 Assignment No. 2
5. 3 Quiz No. 2
6. 3 Assignment No. 3
7. 3 Quiz No. 3
8. 3,4 Sessional No. 2
9. 4, 5 Assignment No. 4
10. 4, 5 Quiz No. 4
11. 2, 3, 4, 5 Terminal Examination
Table 1 - Assessment Plan for Learning Objectives

Mapping Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) to Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)

Program Learning Outcomes:

PLO 1 - Engineering Knowledge: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

Course Outline Signals & Systems by Atiqa Kayani (modified by Dr. Shadan Khattak) Page 3
 PLO 2 - Problem Analysis: An ability to identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural
sciences and engineering sciences.
PLO 3 - Design/Development of Solutions: An ability to design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design systems, components or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate
consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PLO 4 - Investigation: An ability to investigate complex engineering problems in a
methodical way including literature survey, design and conduct of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of experimental data, and synthesis of information to derive valid conclusions.
PLO 5 - Modern Tool Usage: An ability to create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling, to complex engineering
activities, with an understanding of the limitations.
PLO 6 - The Engineer and Society: An ability to apply reasoning informed by contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to professional engineering practice and solution to complex engineering problems.
PLO 7 - Environment and Sustainability: An ability to understand the impact of professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts and demonstrate knowledge of and need for
sustainable development.
PLO 8 - Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms
of engineering practice.
PLO 9 - Individual and Team Work: An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team, on
multifaceted and /or multidisciplinary settings.
PLO 10 - Communication: An ability to communicate effectively, orally as well as in writing, on
complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as being
able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PLO 11 - Project Management: An ability to demonstrate management skills and apply engineering
principles to one’s own work, as a member and/or leader in a team, to manage projects in a
multidisciplinary environment.
PLO 12 - Lifelong Learning: An ability to recognize importance of, and pursue lifelong learning in the
broader context of innovation and technological developments.
Outcome Coverage Explanation
Table 2 – Course Learning Outcomes mapped to Program Learning Outcomes
PLOs
PLO 10

PLO 11

PLO 12
PLO 1

PLO 2

PLO 3

PLO 4

PLO 5

PLO 6

PLO 7

PLO 8

PLO 9

CLOs
CLO 1 C2

CLO 2 C4

CLO 3 C4

CLO 4 C4

CLO 5 C4

Outcome Coverage Explanation

Course Outline Signals & Systems by Atiqa Kayani (modified by Dr. Shadan Khattak) Page 4
 PLO 1 - Engineering Knowledge:

Expertise in analyzing signals and systems is fundamental knowledge required for any career in
electrical engineering. The mathematical background of the course includes elementary integral
and differential calculus, and complex numbers. The homework, exams, and laboratory
experiments require direct application of mathematics and engineering knowledge to
successfully complete the course.

PLO 2 - Problem Analysis:

Students learn how fundamental mathematical concepts are used to understand and design basic
systems for processing signals. They learn how to use powerful analysis tools such as
convolution for time-domain analysis and Fourier series and Fourier Transform for frequency-
domain analysis of continuous time and discrete time signals and systems. The knowledge
acquired from this course forms the basis of the student’s ability to solve more complex
problems in signal processing and controls.

PLO 5 - Modern Tool Usage:

The MATLAB design and simulation tool is introduced and used extensively in the laboratory
sessions.

PLO 3, 4, 6 - 12: These PLOs are not directly addressed in this course.

Annex I
Tentative Lecture Breakdown (30 Lectures)

 Lecture 01. Introduction, Complex numbers, basic signal classification

 Lecture 02. Transformation of Independent variable, signal Energy and Power
 Lecture 03. Exponential and sinusoidal signals
 Lecture 04. Unit Impulse and Unit Step signal
 Lecture 05. Continuous time and discrete time systems
 Lecture 06. Basic system properties
 Lecture 07. Discrete time LTI systems, Convolution Sum
 Lecture 08. Continuous time LTI systems, Convolution Integral
 Lecture 09. Properties of LTI Systems
 Lecture 10. Representation through differential and difference equation
 Lecture 11. Sessional I
 Lecture 12. Response of LTI systems to complex exponentials
 Lecture 13. Fourier Series Representation, Convergence of Fourier Series
 Lecture 14. Properties of Fourier Series Representation (Continuous)
 Lecture 15. Fourier Series Representation of Discrete time periodic Signals
 Lecture 16. Properties of Discrete Time Fourier Series
 Lecture 17. Fourier Series and LTI systems, Filtering
 Lecture 18. Continuous Time Fourier Transform
 Lecture 19. Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform
 Lecture 20. Sessional II

Course Outline Signals & Systems by Atiqa Kayani (modified by Dr. Shadan Khattak) Page 5
  Lecture 21. Systems Characterize by Linear Constant Coefficient Differential Equations
 Lecture 22. Discrete Time Fourier Transform
 Lecture 23. Properties of DTFT
 Lecture 24. Duality, Systems Characterization by LCCDE
 Lecture 25. Magnitude-Phase Representation
 Lecture 26. Linear and Nonlinear Phase
 Lecture 27. Group Delay, Log-magnitude & Bode Plot
 Lecture 28. Laplace Transform, s-plane Representation
 Lecture 29. Region of Convergence (ROC), Properties of ROC
 Lecture 30. Properties of Laplace Transform
 Lecture 31. Inverse Laplace Transform
 Lecture 32. Analysis of LTI Systems

Annex II
List of Experiments

Lab # Details
01 Introduction to MATLAB environment
02 Introduction to Script and Function Files, Loops and Conditional Statements.
03 Plotting of Continuous Time and Discrete Time Signals.
04 Transformation of Independent Variables.
05 Lab Sessional-I
06 Introduction to Symbolic Math Toolbox.
07 Implementation of Convolution Sum.
08 Implementation of Convolution Integral.
09 Implementation of Fourier Series.
10 Lab Sessional-II
11 Implementation of Fourier Transform.
12 Application of Signals and Systems (Image Processing and Speech Processing)
11 Introduction to GUI and SIMULINK
12 Introduction to TMS320C6713 and Code Composer Studio(CCS)
13 Programming Examples to Test the DSK Tools
14 Programming Examples to Test the DSK Tools (Continued)

Lab Final

Course Outline Signals & Systems by Atiqa Kayani (modified by Dr. Shadan Khattak) Page 6