i

sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

KCSEMADEFAMI
LIAR
BI
OLOGY
Topi
cal
lyAnal
ysedKCSEpas
tQues
tions

F
orMar
kingSchemesCal
l0705525657

TOPI
CSHI
GHLI
GHTED

1
.Cl
ass
ifi
cat
ionI&I
I……………………………………………….
4

2.Thecel
l–s
truct
ure&f
unct
ionsofor
ganel
les
……………5

3.Cel
lphys
iol
ogy–os
mos
is,di
ff
usi
onandact
ivet
rans
por
t…….
.9

4.Nut
ri
ti
oni
n(a)pl
ant
s (
b)ani
mal
s……………………………1
3

5.Tr
ans
por
tin(
a)pl
ant
s (
b)ani
mal
s……………………………24

6.Gas
eousexchangei
n(a)pl
ant
s(bani
mal
s……………………30

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
7.Res
pir
ati
on……………………………………………….
34

8.Excr
eti
onandhomeos
tas
is……………………………………37

9.Ecol
ogy…………………………………………………….
.45

1
0. Repr
oduct
ioni
n(a)pl
ant
s (
b)ani
mal
s…………53

1
1.Gr
owt
handdevel
opmenti
n(a)pl
ant
s (
b)ani
mal
s…………61

1
2.Genet
ics
……………………………………………………68

1
3.Evol
uti
on………………………………………………………75

1
4. I
rri
tabi
li
tyands
ens
iti
vit
yin(
a)pl
ant
s (
b)ani
mal
s…….
.77

1
5. Suppor
tandmovementi
n(a)pl
ant
s (
b)ani
mal
s……82

1
6.Humanheal
th……………………………….
.………………….
.85.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 2
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
SECTI
ONI&I
IQUESTI
ONS
- Thissect
iondealswithpaperoneandtwoquesti
ons.I
npaperoneyouwi l
lfi
nd
simpl
equesti
onsr equir
ingsi
mpleanswer
s,singl
eanswerand/orasent
ence.
- Inpapertwostruct
ureddatabasedquest
ionsandessayquest
ions.

1
.Cl
ass
ifi
cat
ionI&I
I
1
. Namet
wocl
ass
esofphyl
um ar
thr
opodawi
thcephal
othor
ax.
2. Li
stanyt
hreedi
sti
ngui
shi
ngf
eat
uresofc
las
smammal
ia.
3. Gi vetwocharacter
ist
icsthatdi
sti
ngui
shscient
ifi
cnamesofor
gani
smsf
rom t
he
or
dinar
y
names
4. ( a)I
n whichkingdom dobacteri
abelong?
(b)Gi
veanyt wobenef i
tsofbact
eriatoman
5. Namet hephylum whosemember spossessnotochor
d
6. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sabr
eadmoul
d:-

(
a)I
dent
if
ytheki
ngdom t
owhi
cht
heor
gani
sm bel
ongs
:-
7. Gi
vear
eas
onwhynomoul
ti
ngoccur
sdur
ingt
headul
tst
agesofi
nsect
s
8. Namet
hebr
anchofBi
ologyt
hatdeal
swi
tht
hes
tudyofani
mal
s
9. St
atef
ourwaysi
nwhi
chs
omeF
ungiar
ebenef
ici
alt
ohuman
1
0. Dur
ingacl
asspr
act
icalf
ormf
ours
tudent
scameacr
ossapl
antwhos
efl
owerf
lor
al
par
tswer
ein
mul
ti
plesoff
our
sandf
ives
.Towhi
chs
ub-
divi
sionandcl
assdoest
hepl
antbel
ong?
1
1. As
tudentcaughtanani
malwhi
chhadt
hef
oll
owi
ngchar
act
eri
sti
cs:
-
 Bodydividedint
otwopart
s
 Simpleeyes
 Ei
ghtlegs
 Theanimalbelongst
otheclas
s
1
2. Thedi
agr
am belowrepresent
sabreadmould.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 3
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)(
i)Namet
heKi
ngdom t
owhi
chbr
eadmoul
dbel
ongs
.
(i
i)Givetwodist
ingui
shi
ngcharact
eri
sti
csoft
heKi
ngdom namedi
n(a)
(i
)above.
(
b)St
atethefunct
ionofthepartl
abell
edR
1
3. (
a)Whati
smeantbyt
het
ermt
axonomy?
(
b)Thes
cient
if
icnameofar
ati
sRat
tusnor
vegi
cus
(
i)Writ
et henamecorrectl
y
(
ii
)Identi
fythegenusands peci
esnames
1
4. Li
stthr
eef eatur
esthatdi
sti
nguishart
hropodsf
rom ot
heror
gani
sms

2.Thecel
l–s
truct
ure&f
unct
ionsof
or
ganel
les
1
. Namet
heor
ganel
lest
hatper
for
m eachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngf
unct
ions
:
a)Digesti
onanddes tr
ucti
onofwornoutor
ganell
es.
b)Osmoregulat
ion
2. Expl
ainwhyt hefol
lowingproces
sesar
eimport
antduri
ngt
hepr
epar
ati
onoft
empor
ary
s
lides:
- (
a)Stai
ning
(
b)Useofas harpcut
ti
ngbl
ade
3. I
nac
las
sexperi
menttoestabl
isht
hesi
zeofanoni
oncel
l,al
eanerobs
ervedt
he
f
oll
owi
ngon
t
hemi
cros
copef
iel
dofvi
ew.

I
fthes
tudentcount
ed20cel
lsacr
osst
hedi
amet
eroft
hisf
iel
dofvi
ew,cal
cul
atet
he
s
izeofone
cel
linmi
cromet
ers
.
4. St
atet
hefunct
ionsofthefol
lowi
ngcellor
ganel
les
:(a)Nucl
eol
us.
(b)Pl
asmamembr
ane
5. Whati
stheofnucleusofacellmadeupof?
6. (
a)I
nal
abor
ator
yexer
cis
eas
tudentobs
ervi
ngadr
opofpondwat
erundera
mi
cros
copes
aw
anddr
ewas
pir
ogyr
a.I
fthemagni
fi
cat
ionoft
heeye-
piecewasx5andt
hatoft
he
obj
ect
ive

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 4
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
l
enswasx1
00,whatwast
hemagni
fi
cat
ionoft
hes
pir
ogyr
a?
(
b)I
fthes
pir
ogyr
ahasal
engt
hof5cm att
heabovemagni
fi
cat
ion,cal
cul
atet
he
act
uall
engt
h
i
nmi
cromet
ers
7. (
a)I
dent
if
ytheor
ganel
les
hownbel
ow:
-

(
b)Howi
stheor
ganel
leyouhavei
dent
if
iedi
n(a)aboves
uit
edt
oit
sfunct
ion
8. I
dent
if
ythes
truc
tur
esoft
hecel
lst
hatper
for
mthef
oll
owi
ngf
unct
ions
:-
(
a)Synt
hes
izer
ibos
omes
(
c)Regul
ateexchangeofs
ubs
tancesi
nandoutoft
henucl
eus
9. (
a)St
atet
her
olesofenzymecat
alas
einl
ivi
ngcel
ls
(
b)Whi
chf
act
ori
nact
ivat
esenz
yme?
1
0. Thef
igur
ebel
owr
epr
esent
sacer
tai
ncel
lor
ganel
le:
-

(a)(
i)Identi
fyt hecel lorganel
le
(ii
)Whati st hefunctionofthepartlabel
ledA
(b)Namet heor ganellesthatperfor
m eachofthefol
lowi
ngfunct
ions;
(i)Osmor egulati
oni namoeba
(ii
)Carriesoutdi gestionanddes t
ruct
ionofwornoutcel
lorganel
les
1
1. Stat
et hr
eepr oper t
iesoft hecel
lmembr ane
1
2. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sapl
antcel
l

(
a)Nameacarbohydr at
ewhichfor
mspar tofthest
ruct
urelabell
edS
(
b)Stat
etwofuncti
onsofthepartlabell
edR
(
c)Nametwos t
ructurespr
esentinthediagr
am butabsentintheani
malcel
l
1
3. Whatdoyouunderstandbythefol
lowingter
ms
a)Anatomy
b)Biochemi
str
y
1
4. Stat
et hef
unct
ionoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpar
tsofacel
l
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 5
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
a)Ri
bosome
b)Chl
oropl
ast
s
15. a)Whati st
hefor
mul
aforcal
cul
ati
ngl
inearmagni
fi
cat
ionofas
peci
menwhenus
inga
handl
ens
1
6. St
atet
hefunct
ionofthef
oll
owingcel
lstr
uct
ures:
- a)Ri bosome;
b)Centri
oles;
1
7. Whati
sthemainstr
uctur
alcomponentof
:- a)Cel lwall
b)Cel
lmembr ane

1
8. St
atet
wochar
act
eri
sti
csoft
heki
ngdom moner
awhi
char
epr
okar
yot
es
1
9. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sacel
l

(a)Namepar
tsl
abel
ledXandY
b)Sugges
twhythestr
uct
ures l
abel
ledXwoul
dbemor
eonone s
idet
han t
heot
her

20. Dur
ingapr
act
icalcl
ass
,for
mfour
ses
timat
edt
hef
iel
dofvi
ewt
obe3.
5mm.Us
ingt
he
l
ow
powerobj
ect
ive,t
heyobs
erveds
pir
ogyr
acel
lsacr
osst
hes
amef
iel
dofvi
ewand
count
ed8cel
ls
.
Cal
cul
atet
hes
izeofeachcel
landgi
veyourans
weri
nmi
cromet
er
21
. As
tudentcaughtanani
malwhi
chhadt
hef
oll
owi
ngchar
act
eri
sti
cs:
-
 Bodydi
videdi
ntot
wopar
ts
 Si
mpleeyes
 Ei
ghtl
egs
a)Towhatcl as
sdoest heanimalbel
ong?
b)Statetwodisti
ncti
vecharact
eri
sti
csofmember
soft
hephyl
um f
rom whi
cht
he
ani
mal
sinthis
ques
t i
on(15)belongs
22. Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weent
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms:
-
a)Magni
fi
cat
ionandresol
uti
onofamicr
oscope
b)Mount
ingandstai
ningofaspeci
men
23. Nametheorganel
let
hatperf
ormseachofthef
oll
owi
ngf
unct
ionsi
nacel
l.
(
a)Transportofpackagedglycoprot
eins
(
b)Des t
ructi
onofwor noutcellorganel
les
(
c)Synthesisofprotei
ns
24. Whyaret hefol
lowingproceduresdonewhenpr
epar
ings
ect
ionst
obeobs
ervedunder
al
ight
mi
cros
cope?

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 6
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
a)Maki ngofthinsect
ions
(
b)Us i
ngas har
pbladetomaket hesect
ions
(
c)Staining
25. Whataret hefunct
ionsofthef
oll
owingpartsofal
ightmi
cros
cope?
(a)Eyepiecel
ens
(
b)Condenser
(c)Diaphr
agm
26. Gi
vent
hatt
hedi
amet
eroft
hef
iel
dofvi
ewofal
ightmi
cros
copei
s2000um.Cal
cul
ate
t
he
s
izeofacel
linmm i
f10cel
lsoccupyt
hedi
amet
eroft
hef
iel
dofvi
ew
27. St
atet
hei
mpor
tanceoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
oces
sesi
nmi
cros
copy:
(
a)s
tai
ning
(
b)sect
ioni
ng
28. Acel
lwasfoundt
ohavet
hef
oll
owi
ngunderal
ightmi
cros
cope;cel
lmembr
ane,
i
rregul
ar
i
nshape,ands
mal
lvacuol
es.I
dent
if
ythet
ypeoft
hecel
labove
29. St
atet
hef
unct
ionsoft
hef
oll
owi
ngor
ganel
les
;
(a)Lys
os omes
(b)Golgiappar
atus
30. Namet heclassinphyl
um ar
thr
opodawhi
chhast
hel
arges
tnumberofi
ndi
vidual
s
31
. St
atet
hef
unct
ionsofeachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpar
tsi
nami
cros
cope.
(
a)Theeyepi
ecel
ens
(
b)Theobj
ect
ivel
ens

32. Thef
igur
ebel
owr
epr
esent
sanel
ect
ronmi
crogr
aphofanor
ganel
let
hati
sfoundi
n
many
cel
ls
;

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 7
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)I
denti
fyt
heor ganell
e
(
b)St
atethefuncti
onoft heorganel
le
(
c)Whatist
hei mportanceofinf
oldi
ngsint
heinnermembr ane.
(
d)Gi
vetwoexampl esoft i
ssueswhereyouwouldexpectmanys uchor
ganel
lesi
n
ani
malbody.

3.Cel
lPhys
iol
ogy–Os
mos
is,Di
ff
usi
onandAct
ive
t
rans
por
t
1
. Twoequals t
ri
psAandBwer ef r
om apotatowhosecel
lwas30%ofs ugar
.Thes
tri
pA
waspl acedinasolut
ionof10%s ugarconcent
rat
ionwhil
eBwasplacedin50%sugar
concentrati
on
a)Whatchangewasexpect edinstr
ipAandB
b)Accountf
ort hechangeinstri
pA
2. Anex perimentwasset -
upass hownbelowandleftf
oronehour

(a)Stat
etheexpectedres ul
tattheendofonehour
(b)Expl
aint
heobs ervat
ionsmadei nthi
sexperi
ment
3. Stat
ewhatwouldhappeni neachofthefol
lowi
ng:-
(a)Aplantcel
lpl
acedin:- (i
)Strongs al
tsol
ution
(i
i)Dist
il
ledwater
4. Stat
ethreephysi
ologi
calpr
ocessesthatareinvolvedi
nmovementofs
ubs
tancesa
cr
osst
hecel
l
membr
ane
5. Pot
atocyl
inder
swer
ewei
ghedandkepti
ndi
sti
ll
edwat
erever
night
.They wer
ethen
r
ewei
ghed.

2.
5g 2.
4g 2.
7g 3.
0g 3.
1g 3.
2g
Att
hebegi
nni
ngoft
heExper
iment
. Att
heendoft
heexper
iment

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 8
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
a)Calcul
atet
heaveragemas sofapotatocyli
ndersaft
err ewei
ghi
ng.Showyour
wor
king.
b)Explai
nwhymas softhecyli
ndershandincreas
ed.
6. Thedi agramsbel
ows howar edbloodcellt
hatwass ubjectedt
oacertai
ntr
eatment
.

a)Accountfort
hes hapeofthecel
lattheendoftheexperi
ment.
b)Dr awadiagram t
oil
lust
rat
ehowapl antcel
lwouldappearifs
ubj
ect
edtot
he
samet
reat
ment
7. Thedi agram bel
ows howstheresul
tsobtai
nedwhenredbloodcell
sarepl
acedi
n
di
ff
erent
s
olut
ion:
Sol
uti
onX

Sol
uti
onY

(
a)Whatnamei sgiventothepr oces
st hatoccurswhenthecel
lispl
acedinsol
uti
onY?
(b)Descr
ibetheprocessthatwoul doccurinapl
antcel
lwhenplacedi
na
si
mil
arsol
uti
onast hat
ofs ol
uti
onX
8. Thef igurebelowshowsther esult
sobtainedwhenr edbl
oodcell
sareputindi
ff
erent
s
olut
ions
:-
Pl
aced Pl
aced
in in

s
olut
ion s
olut
ion
B A

(a)Whatist henamegi vent otheprocessthatoccurswhent hecellisputint

o
sol
uti
onB?
(b)Compar etheresul
tsobt ainedwhent hecelli
sputins ol
utionBt otheresul
tst
hat
wouldbe
obt
ainedifaplantcellwasputi nthesames oluti
on
9. Br ief
lyst
atet woadaptati
onf oreachofthefoll
owingcellstotheirf
unctions
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 9
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
i)Spermatozoon
(i
i)Pal
isademes ophl
ly cel
l
1
0. Thediagram belowrepr
esentsacel
latacer
tai
nst
agei
nmei
oti
ccel
ldi
vis
ion

a)Namet hestageatwhi chthecel

ldrawnaboverepresent
s
b)Giveadist
ingui
shingr eas
onforyourans
werin21(a)above
c)Stateanytwodiff
erencesbetweenmi t
osi
sandmeios i
s
1
1. Whatar etwodif
fer
encesbet weentropi
smsandtact
icmovement
1
2. Anex
per
imentwascar
riedoutt
oinves
tigat
etheef
fectofdi
ff
erentconcent
rat
ionsof
s
odi
um
chl
ori
deonhumanr
edbl
oodcel
ls
.Equalamount
sofbl
oodwer
eaddedt
oequal
vol
umesoft
he
s
alts
olut
ionbutofdi
ff
erentconcent
rat
ions
.Ther
esul
tsar
eshowni
nthet
abl
ebel
ow:
Set-
up Numberofr edbl oodcel ls
Sodium chlori
de Atstartof Att heendoft he
concentrati
on experiment experiment
A 0.
9% Normal Nochangei n
number
B 0.
3% Normal Feweri nnumber
(a)Accountfort heresul
tsintheset-up
(b)Ift
heexper i
mentwasr epeatedus i
ng1 .
4%s odium chlorides oluti
on,s t
atet
he
expect
ed
r
es ul
tswithref
erenceto:
(
i)t
henumberofr edbloodcell
s
(i
i)theappear anceofredbloodcel l
sifviewedundert hemi croscope
13. Names upportti
s s
uesinplantscharacter
izedbyt hefollowing
(
i)Cell
sbeing t
urgid
(
ii
)Cellsbei
ngthickenedbycell
ulos
e
(
ii
i)Cell
sbeingthickenedbyl
igni
n

1
4. Thedi
agr
am bel
owi
ll
ust
rat
est
hebehavi
ourofr
edbl
oodcel
lswhenpl
acedi
ntot
wo
di
ff
erent
s
olut
ionsXandY.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
0
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
a)Suggestthenatur
eofsol
uti
onsXandY.
(
b)Namet heprocessAandB.
(c)Whatwouldhappentonormalbl
oodcel
lifi
twer
epl
acedi
nas
olut
ioni
sot
oni
c.

1
5. Namet
wopl
antpr
oces
sesi
nwhi
chdi
ff
usi
onpl
aysani
mpor
tantr
ole
1
6. Twof
res
hpot
atocyl
inder
sofequall
engt
hwer
epl
acedonei
ndi
sti
ll
edwat
erandt
he
ot
heri
n
concent
rat
eds
ucr
oses
olut
ion:
(
a)Ac
countf
ort
hechangei
nlengt
hoft
hecyl
inderi
n:
(i
)Disti
ll
edwat er
(i
i)Sucrosesolut
ion
(
b)(i)Whatwoul dbetheresultintermsoflengt
hifaboi
ledpotat
owasused?
(i
i)Expl
ainyouranswerin(b)(
i)Above
(c)Statetwous esofthephysiol
ogicalpr
ocessbei
ngdemonstr
atedi
nthe
ex
per
iment
1
7. Thet
wocel
lss
hownbel
owar
eobt
ainedf
rom t
wodi
ff
erentpot
atocyl
inder
swhi
ch
wer
e
i
mmer
sedi
ntowdi
ff
erents
olut
ionsPandQ.

a)i)Namet hes tructurelabel l

edA.
i
i)Statethefunct i
onofs tructureB.
b)IfeightofcellIwer eobs ervedacrossthedi ameteroft
hefil
ed ofvi
ewof0. 5mm.
Wor koutt heact ualdiamet ersofeachcel linmicromet
ers
.
c)Sugges ttheident i
tyoft hes oluti
onQ.
d)Accountf orthechangei ncel lIabove.
e)Stateanyonei mpor tanceoft hephysi
ologicalpr
ocessbei
ngdemons tratedabovein
ani
mal
s.
18. Anex peri
ments hownbel owwass et-upt
oi nvesti
gateacert
ainphysi
ologicalpr
ocess
i
npl
ant
s:-

(
a)Whatpr
ocesswasbei
ngi nves
tigat
ed?
(
b)Gi
vetherol
eoftheoi
llayerinthisexper
iment
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
1
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
c)(i)Whatobs ervationdidthes t
udentsmakeaf terleavingtheset-
upi
nbr
ight
s
unl
ightfor
twohour s?
(
ii
)Explaintheobs er
vati
onin( c)
(i
)above
(
d)Whatef fectwillt
hef oll
owinghaveont heobs ervationmade?:-
(i
)Fanningthes hoot
(i
i)Removingal ltheleavesfrom t
hes hoot
(
ii
i)Placi
ngt hes et-
upint hedark
(
e)Sugges tas ui
tablecont r
olforthi
sexper i
ment
1
9. St udyt hefoll
owingfoodwebandans werques t
ionst hatfol
low:

(
a)(i
)Namet heor ganismst hatoccupyt hes econdt r
ophicl
evel
(i
i)Whati stheot hernamef orthes econdt rophi
clevel
(
b)Wr i
tedownt wof oodchainsf r
om t hefoodwebt hat:
(
i)Endwi thhawksast ert
iarycons umer
(
ii
)Endwi t
hhawksasquat ernarycons umer
(
c)Givi
ngr easonss tate;
(i
)theor ganism withlargestbiomas s
(i
i)theor ganism wit
hl eastbi
omas s

4.Nut
ri
ti
oni
n(a)pl
ant
s (
b)ani
mal
s
1
. Thec
hemi
calequat
ionbel
owr
epr
esent
saphys
iol
ogi
calpr
oces
sthatt
akespl
acei
n
l
ivi
ng R
or
gani
sms
:
C6H12O6 +C6H12O6 C12H22O11+Q
(a)NametheprocessR
(b)NamethesubstanceQ
2. Thediagr
am bel
ows howscel
lsi
npl
ant
s:-

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
2
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Identif
yt hecellsshownabov e
(b)Explainhowt hecel lsareadaptedt otheirf
unct
ion
(c)Explainhowaccumul ati
onofcar bon(IV)Oxideinthecell
sabovewouldl
eadt othe
closur
e
ofstructureA
3. ( a)Al eafofapot tedplantkepti ndarknessfor48hourswass mearedwi
thVasel
ine
jell
ythen
exposedt os unl
ightfor8hours.Explai
nwhyt hetestf
ors t
archint
heleafwas
negative
(b)Namet woot herprocess esthatwerei nt
erf
eredwithi
nt heplant
4. Li sttwof uncti
onaldiff
erencesbet weenplantsandanimals.
5. Expl
ainhowt
heguar
dcel
lsar
eadapt
edt
oper
for
mthei
rfunct
ion.
6. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howschemi
calr
eact
ionsAandBwhi
char
econt
rol
ledby
enz
ymesxandy
r
espect
ivel
y.

(a)Name: (i)React
ion A.
(i
i)Enzymey
7. Whataret
hetwof unct
ionsofbi
les
alt
sdur
ingt
hepr
oces
sofdi
ges
tion?
8. St
atet
hreeadapt
ati
onsofaquat
icpl
ant
stophot
osynt
hes
is
9. Abi
ologi
calwas
hingdet
ergentcont
ainsenzymeswhi
chr
emoves
tai
nsl
ikemucusand
oi
ls
f
rom cl
otheswhi
char
esoakedi
nwat
erwi
tht
hedet
ergent
:-
(
a)Nametwogr oupsofenzymesthatar epresentindeter
gent
(
b)Explai
nwhys t
ainswouldber emovedf ast
erwiththedet
ergentinwaterat
35oCr
ather
t
han at15oC
10. Namet hediseasescausedbydef i
ciencyof: ( a)I
odine
(
b)VitaminC
11
. Namet woenzymesandonemet ali
ont hatareneededi nthebl
oodclott
ingpr
ocess
1
2. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howshowf
oodbol
esmoveal
ongt
hehumanoes
ophogusandt
he
I
ntes
tine

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
3
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)I
dent
if
ythepr
oces
sil
lus
trat
edi
nthedi
agr
am

(b)Brief
lyst
atehowthemovementoffoodbolesfrom posit
ion1toposi
ti
on2is
achi
eved
(
c)Nameonecomponentofaper s
onsdiett
hatas si
stsi
nt hemovementoffood
descr
ibedin
(b)above
13. St atetwoadaptati
onsofher
bivor
eswhichenabl
et hem todigestcel
lul
ose
1
4. St
atet
wof
act
orst
hataf
fectt
her
ateofos
mos
is
1
5. Acer
tai
nor
ganKwass
urgi
cal
lyr
emovedf
rom ar
at,l
aterdr
ast
ici
ncr
eas
eingl
ucos
e
l
eveli
nthe
bl
oodwasr
epor
tedbutwhens
ubs
tanceQwasi
nject
edi
ntot
heani
malt
hewhol
e
pr
oces
swas
r
ever
sed.
I
dent
if
y: (
i)Or
ganK
(
ii
)Subs
tanceQ
1
6. a)Namet hecomponentofapersonsdiett
hatises
sent
ialf
orper
ist
ali
sis
b)Giv
etwogr oupsoffoodwhi
char ereabs
orbedal
ongthemammaliondiges
tive
s
yst
em
wit
houtundergoi
ngdiges
tion
1
7. St
atet
hreer
olesofl
ighti
nphot
osynt
hes
is
1
8. St
atet
wowaysi
nwhi
cht
heguar
dcel
lsdi
ff
ert
hei
radj
acentepi
der
malcel
ls
1
9. Oneoft
hecomponent
sofbi
lei
sachemi
call
eftoverf
rom des
truct
ionofr
edbl
ood
cel
ls
i
)Ident
ifythechemicalsubst
anc e
i
i)Whatist her
oleofbileindigesti
on
20. (
a)Whati speri
stal
sis?
(
b)Explainhowthepr ocessaboveisbroughtabout
.
21
. Thef
oll
owi
ngr
eact
ionmayoccuri
naf
orwar
dandbackwar
ddi
rect
ion.
Wat
er+Car
bon(
IV)Oxi
de Gl
ucos
e+Oxygen+Ener
gy
(
a)Namet
heor
ganel
lewher
ether
eact
ionoccur
sin:
(i
)Forwarddir
ecti
on
(i
i)Backwar
ddirect
ion
(
b)Gi
veonedi f
fer
enceandones
imi
lar
it
yfort
het
woor
ganel
lesnamedi
n(a)above
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
4
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
22. As
olut
ionofs
ugarcanewasboi
ledwi
thhydr
ochl
ori
caci
dands
odi
um hydr
ogen
car
bonat
ewas
addedt
othes
olut
ion,whi
chwast
henboi
ledwi
thbenedi
ctss
olut
ion.Anor
ange
pr
eci
pit
atewas
f
ormed.
(a)Whywast hes ol
uti
onboi l
edwi t
hhydr ochlori
cacidandthensodi
um hydr
ogen
car
bonate
addedini t
(
b)Towhi chclas sofcarbohydrat
esdoess ugarcanebelong?
(c)Statethef or
mi nwhi chcarbohydrat
esar e:
(
i)Transport
edi nanimals
(
ii
)Transportedinplants
23. Thedi agram belowi sofacer t
aintypeofneur ons

(a)I
dent
if
yt het ypeofneur on
(b)Gi
vear easonf oryouransweri
n(a)above
(c)Gi
vethef unctionsofthepartsl
abeledA,B,andD
24. a)Themitochondr iaorganell
ehascri
staest
ruct
ureont
hei
nnermembr
ane.St
atet
he
f
unct
ionof
t
hecr
ist
ae

b)Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sacel
lor
ganel
le

i
)Namet
hepar
tlabel
edY
ii
)St
atet
hefunct
ionoft
hepar tlabeledX
25. a)St
atethe r
oleofemul
sif
icati
oni nthe di
ges
tion off
atsi
nthe al
iment
ary canal
b)Whati
sthef
unct
ionofhydr
ochl
ori
cac
idi
ntheal
iment
arycanal
26. Br
ief
ly expl
aint
he ef
fectofpoi
soni
ngt
her
oot
s hai
ront
he upt
ake ofni
tr
ate by
pl
ant
s
27. Br
ief
lyexpl
aint
hes
ymbi
oti
crel
ati
ons
hipi
nther
ootnodul
eofal
egumi
nouspl
ant

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
5
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
28. Expl
ainhows
ali
vai
simpor
tanti
ndi
ges
tion
29. Whati
sthef
ateofexces
sgl
ucos
einpl
ant
s?
30. St
atet
wowaysi
nwhi
chguar
dcel
lsdi
ff
erf
rom ot
herepi
der
malcel
ls
31
. Br
ief
lyexpl
aint
hef
ateoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
oduct
sfr
om t
hel
ights
tageoft
hepr
oces
sof
Phot
osynt
hes
is: (
a)Oxygen
(
b)Hydrogen
(
c)ATP

32. I
nanexper
imentt
oinves
tigat
eonas
pec
tofdi
ges
tion,t
wot
estt
ubesAandBwer
e
s
et-
upas
s
howni
nthedi
agr
am bel
ow;

Thet
estt
ubeswer
elef
tint
hebat
hfor30mi
nut
es.
Thecont
entofeacht
estt
ubewas
t
hent
est
edf
or
s
tar
chus
ingi
odi
nes
olut
ion:
-
(a)Whatwastheaim oft
heexperi
ment?
(b)Whatresul
tswer
eexpectedintes
t-t
ubeAandB
(
c)Accountoft
heresult
syouhavegivenin(b)aboveint
estt
ubeAandB
33. Belowisaprocesst
hattakespl
aceal
ongt hemammal i
andi
gest
ives
yst
em:

(
a)Nametheprocess
esr epr
esentedbyAandB
(
b)Namepartoftheali
mentarycanalwher
ethepr
oces
sBt
akespl
ace

34. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sacel
lor
ganel
le

(
i)Namethepartl
abeledy
(
ii
)Stat
ethefunct
ionofthepar
tlabel
edX

(
ii
)St
atet
hef
unct
ionoft
hevi
tami
nnamedi
n(i
)above
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
6
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
36. (a)Namethediseasecaus
edbys chi
stos
omaparasi
tesinman.
(b)Howisschi
stosomeadapt
edtoi t
sparas
iti
cmodeoflif
e?
37. Thetabl
ebelows howsthr
eeenzymesA,BandCandt hei
rres
pect
iveopt
imum pH.
Enzyme Optimum pH
A 6.8
B 2.0
C 8.0
(
a)(i
)Namethemostli
kelyr egi
onoftheali
ment ar
ycanalofamammalwhereenzyme
Bwould befound.
(
ii
)Gi
vear eas
onf
oryourans weri
n(a)(i)above
38. I
nanexper
imenttoi
nvestigateanaspectofdigesti
on,t
wot ubesAandBweresetup
ass
hown
i
nthedi
agr
am bel
ow.

Thet
estt
ubeswer
elef
tint
hewat
erbat
hfor30mi
nut
es.Thecont
entofeacht
ube
wast
hent
est
ed
f
ors
tar
chus
ingi
odi
nes
olut
ion.
(
a)Whatwast heai
m oftheexperi
ment?
(b)Expl
aint
heexpectedinthetube.
39. (
a)Namet hespeci
fi
cpartofthechl
oropl
astwher
ethef
oll
owi
ngpr
oces
sesoccur
.
(i
)CarbonIVoxi
defi
xat
ion
(i
i)Phot
olys
is
(
b)Stat
eonewayi nwhi
chthedar
kreact
ionsofphot
osynt
hes
isdependsonl
ight
r
eact
ion.
40. Thec
oncent
rat
ionofcar
bonI
Voxi
dei
nat
ropi
calf
ores
twasmeas
ureddur
ingt
he
cour
seof24
hourper
iodf
rom mi
d-ni
ght
.Thegr
aphbel
ows
howst
her
esul
tsobt
ained.

Accountf
ort
her
esul
tsobt
ainedat
: (
i)Midnight
.
(i
i)At12.00noon.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
7
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
41
. St
atet
hreewaysbywhi
cht
her
ateofenzymecont
rol
ledr
eact
ionscanbei
ncr
eas
ed.
42. St
udyt
hedent
alf
ormul
agi
venbel
ow:
I0;C0;PM 3;M 2
4 0 3 3
(
a)Identif
ywi t
hr eas
onst hemodeoffeedingoft heanimal swhos edentalf
ormul
ais
givenabove
(b)Calculat
et hetotalnumberofteet
hint hemout hoftheaboveani mal
43. Explai
nwhys mallmammal ssuchasmolesf eedmoref r
equent lythanlar
geronessuch
aselephants
44. Statethreewaysbywhi chpl
antscompensat ef
orlackoft heabi l
it
ytomovef r
om one
pl
ace
t
oanot her
45. Studythedi agram belowandans wertheques t
ionsthatfollow

(
a)Labelthepar
tsAandB
(
b)Stateoneobser
vabl
edi
ff
erencebet
weent
hes
truct
ureaboveandt
hel
iver
wor
t
46. Whatisgl
ycol
ysi
s?
47. (a)Stat
etwodiff
erencebetweenmonos acchar
ideandpolysacchar
ides
( b)Namethebondf oundinprot
eins
48. Namet woproductsofli
ghtreact
ionusedinthedarkreacti
on
49. St
atet
wof
unct
ionsoft
hel
argei
ntes
tinei
nhumans
.
50. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howsal
eafofagr
owi
ngpl
antpar
tl
ycover
edwi
thal
umi
nium f
oil
.
Thepl
antwaspl
acedi
nthes
unf
rom mor
ningt
omi
ddayandt
hent
est
edf
ors
tar
ch.

(a)Whatwastheaim oftheexper
iment?
(b)St
atetheobser
vationmadewhent heleafwast
est
edf
orstarch
51
. Thefi
gureshowstheef f
ectoft
emperatur
eonanenzymecat
alyzedreact
ion.
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
8
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Expl
ainwhathappensbet
weenAandB
(
b)Whati
sX?
52. Namet
womi
ner
alel
ement
sthatar
enec
ess
aryi
nthes
ynt
hes
isofchl
orophyl
l.
53. Thef
igur
ebel
owi
sadi
agr
am oft
heant
eri
orpor
ti
onoft
het
apewor
m.Taeni
asol
ium.
A B

C
(a)Namethepart
slabel
edA,B,andC
(b)Whatist
heinter
mediatehos
tofTaeni
aSoli
um?
54. Thediagr
am bel
owrepresent
salongi
tudi
nals
ecti
ont
hrought
hei
leum wal
l

a)I
dent
if
ythes
truct
urel
abel
edAandB
b)St
ateonef
unc
tionofAandB
c)St
atet
wof
unct
ionsoft
hei
leum
d)Expl
aint
her
oleoft
hel
iveri
ndi
ges
tion
e)St
atet
heendocr
iner
oleoft
hepancr
easi
namammal
55. Thechar
tbel
ows
howst
her
elat
ions
hipbet
weenconcent
rat
ionofCO2 ar
ound
t
hepl
antandt
he
r
ateofphot
osynt
hes
is

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 1
9
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Ac
countfort
her
ateofphot
osynt
hes
isbet
weenD-E
(
b)Accountf
ort
her
ateofphot
osynt
hesi
sbet
weenF-
G
(
c)Br
ief
lydes
cri
bet
her
eact
ionsdur
ingt
hel
ights
tageofphot
osynt
hes
is
56. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howst
heef
fectofvar
yingl
ighti
ntens
ityont
heexchangeof
car
bonI
V
oxi
debet
weent
hel
eavesofagr
eenpl
antandt
heat
mos
pher
e.

Co2
Cons
umed
by
plant

Co2
relea
sed
by
Li
ghtI
ntens
ity plant

a)Whati st henamegi ventot hepoi ntmarkedx?

b)i)Wi threfer
encet ocarbonI Voxideexchanges t
atewhathappensatpointx.
ii
)Expl ai
nhowt heeff
ectobs ervedatpoi ntxoccurs.
c)Expl ainwhyt hereisanetupt akeofcarbonI Voxideatl
ightint
ensi
tyabovex.
d)Whatwoul dhappent othepl antifli
ghtintensi
tyfal
li
ngonitwer emai
ntainedatx
thr oughout ?
e)Whatcanyous ayaboutt heexchangeofoxygenbet weentheplantandthe
sur
roundi
ngai rat
intens it
iesbelowx?
57. Thef ollowingdiagram ofaleafs howswhathappensi napantleafdur
ing
phot
osynt
hes
is:
-

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 20
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Gi vetwowaysi nwhichleavesareadaptedtoabsorbli
ght
(
b)Namet hegaseslabell
edXandY
(
c)Namet heti
ssuethattranspor
tswaterintot
heleafands ugarsoutoft
hel eaf
(
d)Explainwhyit’sanadvantagefortheplantt
ostorecarbohydratesasst
arch
r
atherthanas
sugars
58. (
a)Whati smeantbydi gesti
on?
(
b)Des cri
behowmammal iansmallint
esti
neisadapt
edt oit
sf unct
ion
59. F
orm ones tudent
sfrom I
nungos choolarr
angedthei
rapparatusass hownbelow,to
i
nves
tigat
ea
cer
tai
nphenomenon.Thes
etupwaspl
acedi
nli
ght
.

(
a)St
atet
heli
kel
yaim ofthesetup
(
b)St
atet
herol
eofthes yri
ngeint
heset
-upabove
. (
c)(i
)NamegasX
(i
i)Wri
teanequationt
oshowhowgasXwasf
ormedi
nthes
et-
up

(
d)Stat
ethreefact
orsthatincr
easether at
eofenzymeactivi
ty
(
e)Giveareasonwhyt hetesttubeisimmer s
edinabeakerofwat er
60. Ast
udentwascultur
ingE.coli(abacter
ium)inaPetri
-di
sh.HeplacedthePet
ri
-di
shi
n
an
i orat30oC.
ncubat Her
emovedi
tfr
om t
hei
ncubat
ort
hef
oll
owi
ngdayandf
oundt
hat
f
ive
col
oni
esofbact
eri
ahadgr
own.Hedeci
dedt
oret
urni
tint
othei
ncubat
ort
ogi
vei
t
mor
eti
me.
Whenher
emovedi
tfour
teendaysl
ater
,hecoul
dnotobs
erveanycol
ony.
a)Whywast herenocolonyont hefourt
eenthday?
b)Expl
ainhowbact er
iacausespoi
lageofs t
oredfoodinwarm moi
stcondi
ti
ons
.
c)Nameotheror gani
smswhichalsocausef oodspoi
lage.
d)Stat
etheireconomicimport
ancet onatur
e.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 21
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
61
. Thet
abl
ebel
ows
howst
her
esul
tsofanexper
imentcar
riedoutt
odet
ermi
net
her
ate
ofphot
osynt
hes
isatdi
ff
erentl
ighti
ntens
iti
esandvar
yingCar
bon(
IV)oxi
de
concent
rat
ions
.Ther
atewasdet
ermi
nedbycount
ingt
henumberofbubbl
esper
mi
nut
e.Thet
emper
atur
ewaskeptcons
tant

Li
ghti
ntens
ityi
nlux %carbon(
IV)
oxi
de
concent
rat
ion
0.0% 0.
3% 0.6 0.9 1
.2% 1
.5% 1
.8%
% %
1
500 0 1
6 30 38 40 40 40
6000 0 52 80 96 1
00 98 1
00
1
0000 0 80 100 11
5 1
20 1
22 1
20

a)Onagr aphpaperpr ovi

ded,drawagr aphforeachofthelightint
ensi
ti
es.Allt
he
threegraphs
shouldbe pl ottedont hesameaxi s(r
ateofphotosynt
hes i
sonverti
calaxisand
carbon( I
V)
oxide concentrationonhor i
zont
alaxis
b)Whati st heeff
ectofani ncreaseincarbon( I
V)oxi
deconcent r
ati
onsandlight
int
ens i
ti
es
c)Briefl
yexplainhowaquat i
cgreenplantsmeetl i
ghtint
ensit
iesandcarbon(IV)oxide
requir
ement
d)Usingt hedatapr ovidedinthetablestat
et wofact
orsrequiredbythegreenplants
forfood
production

62. Expl
ainhowt
hemammal
iani
ntes
tinesar
eadapt
edt
oper
for
mthei
rfunct
ion.
63. Aheal
thypl
antwaskepti
nthedar
kfor24hour
sfol
lowi
ngwhi
cht
woofi
tsl
eav
eswer
e
enc
los
ed
i
ngl
assf
las
ksass
hownbel
ow.Thes
etupwast
heexpos
edt
osunl
ightf
oranumber
ofhour
s.

M N
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 22
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(a)Whywasi tneces sarytokeept hepl anti
nt hedar
kfor24hour
s?
(b)Givethef unctionofeachoft hef ol
lowingintheexperi
ment
(i
)Sodi um hydr oxide
(i
i)Sodi um hydr ogencor bonate
(c)Explai
nt heex pect edres ul
tsinleaf
.
(
i)M whent es tedf orstarch
(i
i)Nwhent estedf orstarch?
(d)Sugges tas uit
abl econt r
olforthisexperiment
64. Thedi agr
am bel ows howsanexper i
mentt hatwascarri
edoutt
omeasur
ehowf
asta
wer
e
pl
ants
uchasEl
odeaphot
osynt
hes
izes

Theshootwasexposedtodi
ff
erentli
ghtint
ensit
ies and therat
eofphot
osynt
hesi
s
esti
mated bycounting t
henumberofbubbl
es ofgasleavi
ng theshooti
n agi
ven t
ime.
theres
ult
sare givenbelow;
Numberofbubblesperminut
e 7 1 4 20 24 26 27 27 27
Li
ghti
ntens
ity(
Arbi
tr
aryuni
ts) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
a)Pl
ott
hes
edat
a onapi
ece ofgr
aphpaperpr
ovi
ded
b)Atwhatl ighti ntens i
tydi dthes hootpr oduce;
i
)1 8bubbl espermi nut e
i
i)25bubbl espermi nute
c)Giv etwobet t
erwaysofmeas uringt herateofphot osynthes i
sthancount i
ng
bubbl
es
d)Whati sther oleofl i
ghti ntensit
yi nphot osynthesi
s
e)Ac countf ort heexpect edr esult
sofdoi ngt hisexperienceatt hefoll
owing
temper
ature;
i)4ºC
ii
)34º C
ii
i)60º C
f)Othert hanl ightintens ityandt emper ature,nameot herf act
or st
hataffecttherat
eof
phot osynt hes i
s
65. I nanexper i
ment ,al eaffrom apl antwhi chhadbeenkepti nt hedarkover ni
ghtwas
boil
edi nwat erforami nut e.Itwast henboi ledinalcoholandwas hedinwar m wat
er.
Iodi
nes ol
utionwast henadded ont ot heleaf :
(a)Whywast hel oafboiledi n;- (i)Wat er
(i
i)alcohol
(b)(i
)Whatobs ervationwasmadeont heleafaf t
eraddi ngiodinesoluti
on
(ii
)Givear easonf oryourans weri n(b)above
(c)Whatwast heai m oft heexper i
ment
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 23
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
d)Whywasi
tnecessar
ytowasht
heleafi
nwarm water
(
e)Whati
savar
iegat
edleaf
?
(
f)Wr
it
eawordequati
onfort
hepr
ocessofphot
osynt
hesis

5.Tr
ans
por
tin(
a)pl
ant
s (
b)ani
mal
s
1
. Expl
ainwhyaf
res
hwoundont
hes
kinbl
eedsmor
eonahots
unnydayt
hanonacol
d
chi
ll
yday
2. Stat
ethreeadapt at
ionsofr edbl oodcellst otheirfunct
ions.
3. Howar esi
evet ubeel ementsadapt edtot heirfuncti
on
4. Namet hepolysaccharidesfoundi nt hefoll
owi ngs t
ruct
ures:- (a)Exoskel
eton
(b)Xylem vessels
5. St at
ethreefactorsthatmai ntaintranspi
r ati
ons tream
6. ( a)Li
stthr
eef orcesthatfacili
tatethet r
ans portofwat erandmi neralsalt
supt he
st
em.
(b)Namethet issuethatisr emovedwhent hebar kofadicotyl
edonousplantisri
nged.

7. St
udyt
hedent
alf
ormul
aofanor
gani
sm bel
ow.
.
3 1 1
I/
3, C /
1, Pm 3/2, M /
1 =x

(a)(i
)Whatist hetotalnumberofteeththi
sorgani
sm pos
sess?
(i
i)Whatist hemodeoffeedingoftheorgani
sm?
(b)Stat
et wofuncti
onsofmucuspr oducedal
ongtheal
imentar
ycanal
.
8. Thediagram belowshowsaboneobt ai
nedfr
om amammal .

(
a)Namet hepartoftheskel
etonfrom whicht
hebonehasbeent
aken.
(
b)Labelthepart
sBandC.
(
c)Statethef
uncti
onsofpartA.
9. Whatisthedest
inat
ionofmateri
alstrans
locat
edi
nplant
s.
1
0. Aper
sonwhos
ebl
oodgr
oupi
sABr
equi
resabl
oodt
rans
fus
ion,namet
hebl
ood
gr
oupsoft
he
donor
s.
1
1. Expl
ainwhycapi
ll
ari
esar
e: (
i)Thi
nwall
ed
(
ii
)Branched

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 24
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
1
2. Anex
per
imentwass
et-
upass
hownbel
owt
oinves
tigat
eacer
tai
npl
antpr
oces
s:

(a)Whatprocesswasbeinginvest
igatedabove?
(
b)Whatobs erv
ati
onwasmadei f
;
(i
)Theexperimentwaslef
tins t
rongwi ndforonehour
?
(
ii
)Allt
heleaveswereremovedf rom t
hepl ant
?
1
3. Howi saer
enchymat i
ssueadaptedtoitsfunct
ion
1
4. (
a)Statethr
ees tr
ucturaldi
ff
erencesbet
weenart
eriesandvei
nsinmammal
s
(
b)Nameadi s
easet hatcausesthi
ckeni
ngandhardeni
ngofart
eri
es
1
5. I
dent
ifytwoforcesthathelpinupwardmovementofwateri
nplant
s
1
6. St
atet
hreewaysi
nwhi
chr
edbl
oodcel
lsar
eadapt
edt
othei
rfunct
ions
1
7. (
a)Dist
ingui
shbet
weent is
sueflui
dandlymph
(
b)Expl
ainwhydefi
ciencyofvi
taminKleadst
oexces
sivebl
eedi
ngevenf
rom s
mal
l
cut
s
18. Namet
het
ypeofci
rcul
ator
ysys
tem f
oundi
nthephyl
um Ar
thr
opoda
1
9. Namet
hebl
oodv
ess
elt
hatnour
ishest
hehear
t
20. a)I nwhichfor
mi soxygentransport
edi nthebl
ood.
b)Whydoplantsnottakeinoxygendur i
ngthedayalt
houghtheyneeditf
or
respi
rati
on
21. Nameadi seaseofthebloodcharacter
izedbyexces
siveproduct
ionofwhi
tebl
ood
cel
ls
22. Labor
ator
yanal
ysi
sofapat
ient
’sur
iner
eveal
edt
hef
oll
owi
ngconcent
rat
ionofvar
ious
s
ubs
tances
:
Bloodprot
eins 0.00%
Wat er 50%
Glucose 48%
Salt
s 0.8%
Urea 1
.2%
a)Fr
om theanal
ysi
sabove,whichdiseasei
sthepati
entsuf
feri
ngfrom
b)Namet wosympt
omsoft hedis
easei n3(
a)above
23. Thediagr
amsbelowshowtwoc onducti
ngelementsoft
hexylem t
issue

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 25
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

a)Identi
fyeachofthem AandB
b)Whatmakest hecellul
osesi
dewall
sofbothAandBabletopreventcol
laps
ing?
24. Explai
nwhyt herat
eoft r
anspi
rat
ioni
sreducedwhenhumi
dit
yishigh
25. (a)Statet wofunct i
onsoft hexylem ves
s el
s,
(b)Listtwos tr
uct uraladaptat
ionsthatmakexylem vess
elssui
tablet
ot heirf
unct
ion
26. (a)Whati sper i
stalsis?
(b)Explai
nhowt hepr ocessaboveisbroughtabout.
27. Thedi agram belows howsapar tofacircul
ator
ysystem.Thearrowsindicat
ethe
di
rect
ionoft
he
f
lowofbl
ood;

(a)I
dentif
ythebloodvess el
slabel
edAandB
(b)Expl
ainwhyitisimportanttotr
anspor
tfoodsubst
ancest
oor
ganCbef
orebei
ng
rel
eas
ed
f
orcir
cul
ationtother es
tofthebody
28. Namef ourmethodsplantsemploytoremoveexcret
orywast
epr
oduct
s
29. a)St
atet
hef
ormi
nwhi
choxygeni
str
ans
por
tedi
nthemammal
ianbl
ood
b)Whyisi
tdangeroust osl
eepinanenclos
edroom wit
habur ni
ngji
ko
c)Whydoplantsnottakei
noxygenduringthedayal
thoughtheyneedi
tfor
res
pir
ati
on
30. Nameadi s
eas eofbloodcharact
eri
zedbyexcess
ive–product
ionofwhi
tebl
oodcel
ls
31
. Thet
abl
ebel
owi
sar
epr
esent
ati
onofachr
omos
omalmut
ati
on
Befor
emut ati
on L M N O P Q
Aft
ermut at
ion L O N M P Q
(a)Namet hetypeofchr omosomalmut
ati
onr epresent
edabove
(b)Nameonemut agenicagent
32. Thediagram s
howsas ecti
ont hr
oughaplantorgan.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 26
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a) (i
)Namet heclassoftheplantf
rom whichthes ecti
onwasobt
ainedbel
ong.
(
ii
)Gi
vear easonforyouranswerin( a)
(i
)above
(b)Howisthepartlabell
edCadapt edtoitsfunct
ions?
33. Stat
et worol
esoftranspi
rati
ontoapl ant
34. Upt
akeofwat
erbypl
ant
sisnotaf
fect
edbymet
abol
icpoi
sons
.Expl
ain.
35. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sapl
antt
iss
ue.

(a)I dentif
yeachoft hem.
(b)Whatpr oper
tymakesBt obemor eef f
ici
entinfunction?
(c)Whatmakest hewal l
sofbothAandBi mper meabl
et owat erands ol
utes
?
36. Awomangavebi rt
ht oachildofbloodgr oupB+( Bpos iti
ve)
.Namet hetwoant
igens
that
det erminedherchi l
d’sbloodgroup.
37. At rans f
us onofRH+bl
i oodwasgivent oapat ientwihRh-bl
t ood.Afteroneweeka
simil
ar
transfusionwasgivent othesamepat ient.Whatwasl ikelytobet heeff
ectoft
he
second
trans f
us i
on?
38. Thedi agramsbelows hows t
agesint hepr ocessoffeedingshownbyamoeba.

(a)Namet hepartlabeledA.
( b)Namet heprocessill
ustrat
edinthedi agram above.
(d)Namet hetypeofcel linhumanbei ngst hatexhibi
tthisprocess
.
39. (a)Whyar exylem vesselsmor eef
fi
cientint hetransportofwaterthant
rachei
ds?
(b)Whatist hesigni
fi
canceofx yl
em ves s
el sbeingdead?
40. Disti
ngui
shbet weengut t
ationandtranspirati
on
41
. Ot
hert
hant
rans
por
t,s
tat
eoneot
herf
unct
ionofxyl
em t
iss
uei
npl
ant
s
42. St
atet
wof
unct
ionsofaer
enchymat
iss
uei
npl
ant
s
43. (a)Whatissickl
e-cellanaemia?
(b)I
denti
fythepar toftheheartthatini
ti
atesthehear
tbeat
44. (a)Giveareas onwhyt heleftvent
ricl
emus cl
esarethi
ckert
hant
her
ightvent
ri
cles
muscl
es
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 27
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
b)Stat
ethefor
msinwhi
chcarbon(
IV)oxi
deistranspor
tedintheblood
45. Expl
ainhowthef
oll
owi
ngadapt
ati
onr
educetrans
pirat
ioninxerophyt
es
(a)Sunkenstomata
(b)Thi
ckwaxycut icl
e
46. Namet he: ( a)Materialt
hatst
rengt
hensxylem t
iss
ue
(b)Tiss
uet hati
sremovedwhent hebarkofadicot
yledonouspl
anti
s
ri
nged
47. Thedi agram belows howsthetr
aversesect
ionofayoungstem.

(a)Whatarethefuncti
onsoft hestruct
uresl
abel
edA,BandC
(b)Whattypeofcell
sar efonjdi
nt hepartsl
abel
eldD
(c)Namethetiss
uel abeledE
48. Namet hecomponentsofbl oodthatdonotenterther
enalt
ubul
einmammal
s
49 Out
li
net
her
out
etakenbyamol
ecul
eofgl
ucos
efr
om t
hei
leum upt
otheki
dney.
50. Thef
lowchar
tbel
ows
howsabl
oodt
rans
fus
ionpat
hway

(
a)Whatt
hreeconclusi
onscanyoudr
awfr
om thefl
owchar
t?
(
b)St
atet
wopr ecauti
onsthatmus
tbeobs
ervedduri
ngbl
oodtr
ans
fus
ion

(c)Ex
plai
nhowbl
oodcloti
sfor
medonceabl oodves
sel
sisi
njur
ed
51
. Thefi
gurebel
owrepr
esent
sadiagr
am ofaphotomet
er;

(
a)Whatist
hephot
ometerusedfor?
(b)St
atet
hepr
ecaut
ionswhic
hs houl
dbet
akenwhens
ett
ingupaphot
omet
er

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 28
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(c)Expl
ainwhatyouwi llexpectifsetupwasplacedundert
hefol
lowi
ngenvi
ronment
al
condit
ions;
(
i)Darkroom
(
ii
)Leafyshootenclosedinpol yt
henebag
(
ii
i)I
nacur rentofaircreatedbyaf an
52. Theamountofbl oodflowt hroughvari
ouspar
tsofthebodyofamammalwas
meas
uredi
n
cm3 permi
nut
eatr
estanddur
ingdi
ff
erentphys
icalact
ivi
ti
es.Res
ult
sar
eshown
bel
ow.
Bl
ood f l
owi ncm3/ min
Atr est Duringl i
ghtExer ci
se Dur i
ng s trenuous
Exer
cise
Heartmus cles 200 300 1050
Gut 1300 1000 400
Skeletalmus cles 11
00 5050 23000
Kidneys 900 650 250
Skin 400 1300 600
a)Calculatet heper cent agechangei nbl oodflowthroughthes keletalmuscl
esandgut
whent he
mammalwasexpos edt ostrenuousexer ci
se.
i)Skel etalmus cles
i
i)Gut
b)Accountf ort
hedi ff
erencesi namountofbl oodflowthrought hegutandskel
etal
muscles;
i
)Atr es t
i
i)Dur ings tr
eneousexer ci
se
c)Accountf ort her esul
tobt ainedf ortheskinduri
ngl i
ghtexer ci
se
d)Namet wos ubstanceswhi char er emovedf rom thebodybyt heki dney
53.Thedi agr am bel owr epr esentsat ransver sesecti
onofayoungs t
em.

(a)Namet hepar t
sl abel
edA,BandD
(b)Statethefunctionsofthepart
slabel
edCandE
(
c)Li s
tthreedif
ferencesbetweenthesect
ionaboveandt
heonethatwoul
dbe
obt
ainedfrom
ther ootofthes ameplant
54. Des cribethefunctionsofthevari
ouscomponent
softhemammali
anblood

6.Gas
eousexchangei
n(a)pl
ant
s(bani
mal
s
1
. a)Namethesi
teofgaseousexchangedur
ingbr
eat
hingi
nmammal
s.
b)Stat
ethr
eechar
acteri
sti
csofthesit
enamedin(
a)above.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 29
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
2. Whywoul
dcar
boxyhaemogl
obi
nleadt
odeat
h?
3. St
atet
wocaus
esofcor
onar
ythr
ombos
is
4. Whatadapt
ati
ondor
edbl
oodcel
lshavef
ort
rans
por
tat
ionofcar
bon(
IV)oxi
de?
5. (a)WhatisRes pi
rat
ionQuotient(RQ)?
(b)(i
)CalculatetheRQoft hef oodsubstanceshownbytheequat
ionbel
ow.
2C51H98O6 +145O2 1
02CO2 + 98H2O +Energy
(
ii
)Namet hefoods ubst
ancebeingoxi di
zedinb(i
)above.
6. Outli
nethreewaysi nwhi chthegill
sofTi l
api
afis
haremodif
iedtoper
for
mthei
r
f
unct
ion.
7. I
dent
if
ythes
urf
acesofgas
eousexchangei
nthef
oll
owi
ng:
-
(i)Par amecium;
(ii
)Root s ;
(ii
i)Frog;
8. (a)Namet wogas eousexchange
(b)Expl ainhowoxygenget sintothehaemolymphofaninsect
1
0. (a)Out l
inetwophys iologi
calchangesthatoccuri
nthebodyt ol
owerthel
evelof
Car bon( IV)
Oxideaftervigorousphys i
calexerc
ise
(b)Namet hes i
teofr espi
rat
ioni nacell
1
1. Whati st heimportanceofcount ercur
rentfl
owintheexchangeofgas
esinafish
1
2. St
atef
ourwaysi
nwhi
chr
edbl
oodcel
ls(
RBC)ar
eadapt
edt
othet
hei
rfunct
ion
1
3. (
a)(
i)Whereinacelldoesglycol
ysi
stakepl
ace?
(
ii
)Namet heproductoft
heaboveproces
s
(
b)Bri
efl
yexplai
nKr
eb’scycleinaplantcel
ldur
inganaer
obi
cres
pir
ati
on
1
4. Des
cri
bet
hechangest
hatoccurt
other
ibcageandt
hedi
aphr
agm dur
ingi
nspi
rat
ion
15. a)Whatist r
anslocat
ion
b)Namet
wof orces thatmaintai
ntr
anspir
ati
onst
ream
16. Mostcarbon( I
V)oxideistr
anspor
tedformt
issuest
othel
ungswi
thi
nther
edbl
ood
cel
lsand
noti
nthebl
oodpl
asma.Gi
vet
woadvant
agesoft
hismodeoft
rans
por
t
1
7. Gi
vear
eas
onwhyhal
ophyt
eshavepneumat
ophor
es
1
8. Gi
vet
wochar
act
eri
sti
csofr
espi
rat
orys
urf
acesi
nani
mal
s
1
9. Gi
vear
eas
onf
oreachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngonmammal
ianRedbl
oodcel
ls
(a)Absenceofthenucleus
(b)Biconcaveshape
20. Statetwowaysi nwhichbodiesofpeopl
eli
vingi
nhi
ghal
ti
tudear
easr
espondt
olow
ox
ygen
concent
rat
ion.
21
. Expl
ainwhatwoul
dhappent
oamammal
ianRedbl
oodcel
l30mi
nut
esal
terbei
ng
pl
acedi
n
di
sti
ll
edwat
er.
22. (
a)St
atet
wowaysi
nwhi
cht
hes
urf
acear
eaoft
hef
ishf
il
ament
sisi
ncr
eas
edf
or
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 30
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
ef
fi
cientgas
eous
exchange.
(
b)Whatistheimport
anceofcount
erflowsys
tem i
nthef
il
ament
sofaf
ish.
23. Theappar atusbelowi
ll
ust
rat
esbreathi
nginmammal.

Des
cri
bewhathappensi
fther
ubberpl
ugi
spul
ledi
nthedi
rect
ions
hownbyt
hear
row.
24. Des
cri
bet
hepat
htakenbyoxygengasf
rom at
mos
pher
etot
het
iss
uesofani
nsect
.
25. Whys
houl
dres
pir
ator
ysur
facesbe: (
i)Mois
t
(
ii
)Thin
26. Thes
etupbel
owr
epr
esent
sanexper
imenttoinves
tigat
ethepr
oces
sof
phot
osynt
hes
is.
Thes
etuppl
acedi
nsunl
ightf
ors
ixhour
s.

(a)Whywass odium hydrogencarbonateaddedt owaterinthi

sexper
iment?
(b)Explainwhythenumberofbubbl esreducedbyevening
(c)Explai
nwhyt hewat erwasus edi nthi
sexperiment
(d)Explainwhyt hewaterwasus edinthisexperi
ment
27. (a)Statet woadaptat
ionsofr edbloodcelltoitsf
uncti
ons
(b)Namet wowaysi nwhi chcarbon( I
V)Oxideistrans
portedinmammalianblood
28. Thedi agram bel
owr epresentsanor ganfrom abonyfi
sh.Studythedi
agram and
ans
wert
he
ques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:

(a)St
atet
hefunct
ionsofeachofthef
oll
owing:
(b)Howi st
hestr
ucturelabel
edCadaptedtoit
sfuncti
on?
29. Statehowthet
rachealsystem i
nins
ect
sisadaptedforgaseousexchange.
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 31
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
30. Di
ff
erent
iat
ebet
weenact
ivei
mmuni
tyandpas
sivei
mmuni
ty
31
. Namet
hrees
iteswher
egas
eousexchanget
akespl
acei
nter
res
tri
alpl
ant
s.
32. Anat
hlet
etr
aini
ngt
otakepar
tinani
nter
nat
ionalcompet
it
ionmovedt
oahi
gh
at
ti
tudear
eawher
e
hewast
otr
ainf
ort
wel
vedaysbef
oret
hecompet
it
ion.Het
ookhi
spul
sespermi
nut
e
dai
lyand
t
abul
atedt
hem ass
hownbel
ow:
-
a)Othert hanpulser ate,nameoneot herpr ocesswhi chwasaf fectedbychangeof
alti
tude
b)Accountf orthechangei npul seratef r
om: -i)Day1t oday7
ii
)Day8t oday1 2
c)Explaintheadvant aget hisathletehasovert heonewhot rai
nsinal ower
alti
tudearea
d)Theequat i
onbel owr epr esentsar eactionwhi cht akesplacedur i
ngr api
dmus cular
movement s
i
nhumans .
Glucose Lacti
cacid+1 50KJ
i)Statet woeffectsoft hisr eacti
ont oani ndividual
ii
)Howi slacti
caci dfinallyeliminatedf r
om t hemus cl
et i
ssuesoft hehumanaf t
er
themus cl
e
33. a)St ateanyt wos t
ructuresus edforgas eousexchangei nplants
.
b)Nameanyt wos it
eswher egas eousexchanget akesplaceinal eafofat er
rest
rial
plant.
c)Stateanyt wot ypesofl eavesandt heirrespect i
vefunctions.
d)Briefl
ydes cri
behows tomaopens .
34. Thedi agram belowr epr esent sas ecti
onoft hehumanr espir
atorys yst
em:

(
a)Onecani
nhal
ethr
oughpat
hA,orB.Gi
vingr
eas
ons
,st
atet
hemor
eappr
opr
iat
e
pat
h.
(b)Howi sthepartl
abbell
edCadapt edfori
tsfuncti
on?
(c)Expl
aintheeff
ectofregulartobaccosmokingt othefunct
ioni
ngont heorgan
l
abel
ledD
35. ( a)Howi sthestr
uct
ureofmammal iangaseousexchanges ystem adaptedtoits
f
uncti
ons
(b)Descri
bet hemechanism ofopeningandclosingofthes t
omataus ingthe
phot
osyntheti
c
theory
36. ( a)Descri
bet hemechanis
m ofinhalati
oninman.
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 32
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
b)Us
ingphot
osyntheti
ctheoryexpl
ainthemechani
sm ofopeni
ngofstomata.
37. I
nanexper
imenttoinvest
igat
eacertainproces
sesi
nagi venpl
antspeci
es,ther
ate
ofcar
bon(
IV)
oxi
decons
umedandr
eleas
edwer
emeas
uredoveraper
iodoft
imeoft
heday.The
r
esul
tsoft
he
i
nves
tigat
ionar
eshowni
nthet
abl
ebel
ow:
Timeoft heday 6 8 1 0 1 2 14 16 1 8 20 22 24
(hour s)
Car bon( I
V)oxi de 10 43 69 91 91 50 1 8 0 0 0
cons umedi n
mm3/ min
Car bon( I
V)oxi de 38 22 1 0 3 3 6 31 48 48 48
3
releas edi nmm / mi
n
b)Namet hebi ochemi calproces sesrepr
esent
edby;
(
i)Carbon( IV)oxi decons umpt ion
(
ii
)carbon( I
V)oxider el
eas e
(c)Accountf orthes hapeoft hecur vef
orcarbon(IV)oxi
deconsumpti
onbet ween;
(i
)6- 1
6hour s
(
ii
)20- 24hour s
(d)Accountf orc arbon( I
V)oxi der el
eas
edbet ween12-1
6hours
(e)(i
)Whati scompens ati
onpoi nt?
(i
i)From t hegr aphs tatethet
imeoft hedaywhentheplantatt
ains
compensati
onpoi nt
(f
)Explai
nhowhi ght emper atureaboveoptimum aff
ectsther
ateofcarbon(IV)oxi
de
consumpt ioni nt hepl ant.
7.Res
pir
ati
on
1
. (
a)Disti
nguishbetweengas eousexchangeandr espir
ati
on
(
b)Namet hepr oductsofanaerobicrespirati
oni
npl ants
2. (
a)Statetwophas esofaerobicrespirat
ion
(
b)Wi t
har eason,statethephas ethatyieldsmoreener gy
3. Aprocessthatoccursimplantsisrepresentedbytheequat ionbel
ow:
-
C6H16O6 2C2H5OH+2CO2 +Ener gy
(Glucose) (Et
hanol)(Carbon( IV)Oxide)
(a)Namet heprocess
(b)Statetheeconomicimportanceoft hepr ocessnamedin(a)above
4. Givear easonwhyitisdif
fi
culttocalculaterespi
rator
yquoti
ent(RQ)inpl
ant
s
5. a)Expl
ainwhati
smeantbythet
erm oxygendebtinhumanbei
ngs
b)Whataretheendpr
oduct
sofanaerobi
cr es
pir
ati
oninani
mal
s
6. Theapparat
usbel
owwassetupbyas tudenttofi
ndoutt
hechangesi
ngas
esdur
ing
ger
minat
ion

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 33
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

a)Af
ter48hour
sthel
evelofwat
eri
ntheU-
tubeatAandBwasass
hown.Expl
aint
he
observation
b)Cal
culate t herespi
rat
ionquot
ient(RQ)fr
om theequati
onbel
ow:
-
2C51H98O6+145O2 1
02CO2 +98H2O+Ener gy
c)I
dentif
yt hes ubst
rat
ebeingres
piredintheaboveequati
on
7. Onemol
ecul
eofl
ipi
dgi
vesmor
eener
gyt
hanonemol
ecul
eofgl
ucos
ewhenr
espi
red
aer
obi
cal
ly
buti
tisNOTal
waysus
edasar
espi
rat
orys
ubs
trat
e
a)Givetwor easonsforthi
s
b)Namet wodi s
acchari
deswhi charereduci
ngsugar
8. (a)(
i)Whereinacel ldoesglycolys
istakepl
ace?
(
ii
)Namet heproductoftheaboveproces
s
(b)Bri
efl
yexplainKreb’
scycleinapl antcel
ldur
inganaer
obi
cres
pir
ati
on
9. Howi
sthemammal
ians
kinadapt
edt
oit
spr
otect
ivef
unct
ion?
10. Theoxi dati
on st
ateofacer tai
nf ood i sr epr
esented bel
ow by a chemical
equat
ion:
-
2C3H2O2N+6O2 (NH)2C O2 +5CO2 +5H2O
a)Calcul
atetherespi
rat
oryquotients(RQ)oft hefoodsubst
rat
e
b)Identi
fythef
oods ubs
t r
ate
11
. Whoopi ngcoughi sadiseaseofther espirator
ys yst
em namethecausati
veagent
sand
gi
vet
wo
s
ympt
oms
1
2. Howdoest
hes
unknes
sofs
tomat
ahel
pinmi
nimi
zingt
her
ateoft
rans
pir
ati
oni
n
pl
ant
s
1
3. St
atet
wor
olesofadr
enal
inei
nman
1
4. Expl
ainwhyar
at,t
houghs
mal
leat
smor
efr
equent
lyt
hananel
ephant
15. Act iveyeas tcellswer eaddedt odi lut
es ugarsol utioni nacont ainer .Themi xt
urewas
kepti
na
warmr oom.Af teraf ewhour sbubbl esofagaswer eobs ervedes capingfrom the
mixt
ure
(a)Wr i
teanequat i
ont or epresentt hechemicalr eactionabove
(b)Statetwoeconomi ci mpor t
anceoft hi
stypeofchemi calreactioni nindustr
y?
16. ( a)Givetwor eas onswhyf atsarenott hemainr espiratorysubs tratesi nthebodyofa
mammal
andyett heygi veal otofener gywhenoxi di zed.
17. Theequat i
onbel ows ummar izesamet aboli
cpr oces sinplants.
Glucose Ethanol+car bon( I
V)oxide+Ener gy
Statetwoi ndus tri
alappl icati
onsoft heaboveequat ion.
18. ( a)Diff
erentiatebet weenr espir
ationandr espirator ys urf
ace.
(b)Whyi sanef fecti
ver es pi
ratorys yst
em oftenas sociatedwi thaci rcul
ator
ys ys
tem.
19. St atetwor eas onswhyl ipidsarer arelyusedasar es pir
atorys ubs t
rat ecompoundto
carbohydrates.
20. Theequat i
onbel ows howsr espirati
onf oracert ainf oods ubstrate.St udyitandanswer
quest
ions

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 34
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
thatfoll
ow:
2C51H98O6 +145O2 102CO2 +98H2O
(a)Calculatetherespir
ator
yQuot i
ent,RQ
(b)Sugges twithreasonsthepos si
blef
oods ubs
trat
e
21
. Theappar atusbelowwasus edtoinves
tigat
eanaerobi
cres
pir
ati
on:
-

(a)Howwoul dyouremovedissol
vedoxygenfrom t
heglucos
ebef oret
heexperi
ment
commencing?
(b)Stat
ewhathappenst otheli
mewat erastheexper
imentproceedstot
heend
(c)Descri
bethereacti
onsi
nt heexperi
ment
(d)Expl
ainwhatwouldhappenifthetemperat
ureofgl
ucosesoluti
onandyeastwas
r
ais
ed
beyond45oC?

8.Excr
eti
onandhomeos
tas
is
1
. Expl
aint
hef
oll
owi
ng:
- i
)Fr
eshwat
erf
ishexcr
eteammoni
a

i
i)Gl
ucos
eisabs
enti
nur
ineyetpr
esenti
ngl
omer
ular
f
ilt
rate
2. ( a)Stat
et wofunc t
ionsofthekidney
(b)Namet wosubs t
ancesthatar enotfoundinur i
neofahealthyper
son
(c)Namet wodiseasesthataf
fecttheki dney
3. ( a)Stat
et wos t
ructuralmodif
icati
onoft hekidneysofdesert
sanimal
sli
kekangar
oo
rat
.
(b)Describehowi ngesti
onofver ysalt
yf oodmayr educetheamountofwater
excret
edi nurine.
4. As t
udentmi xedas ampl
eofur inefr
om aper sonwi t
hBenedict’
ssol
uti
onandheated,
t
hecol
our
changedt
oor
ange.
(
a)Whatwaspr es
entintheurinesample?
(
b)Whatdidthestudentconcl
udeonthehealths t
atusofthepers
on?
(
c)Whichorganinthepersonmaynotbef unct
ioningproper
ly?
5. (
a)I
fthehumanpancr eas
ei snotf
unct
ional
:-
(i
)Namet hehormonewhi chwillbedefi
cient
(i
i)Namethediseasethehumani sl
ikelytosuf
ferf r
om
(b)Whatisdiur
esis?
6. Stat
eones tr
uctur
aladaptat
ionofnephronintheki dneyofades
ertmammal

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 35
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
7. Namethenitrogenouswas
tesexcret
edbyt hef
oll
owingorgani
sms:
-
Animal Ni
tr
ogenousWaste
(i
)Deser tmole
(i
i)Marinefi
sh
(i
ii
)Til
apia
8. Thet
ablebelows howsdescr
ipt
ionofsi
zesofgl
omer ul
irenalt
ubul
esoft
woani
mal
s
whi
char
e
l
ivi
ngi
ndi
ff
erentenvi
ronment
s
AnimalX AnimalY
Glomeruli Largeand Smallandmany
few
Renaltubules Shor t Long
(a)Namet hel i
kelyenvironmentinwhicheachani malli
ves: ( i)
Ani
malX
(i
i)Ani
malY
(b)Whatr oledoesvas oconst
ric
tionpl
ayint her
mor egul
ati
on?
9. Thetablebel ows howstheapproximatepercentageconcentrat
ionofvar
ious
component
sinbl
ood
pl
asmaent
eri
ngt
heki
dney,gl
omer
ularf
il
tr
ateandur
ineofaheal
thyhumanbei
ng
Component Plas ma Gl omerularfi
lt
rat
e Ur ine
Wat er 90 90 94
Glucos e 0.1 0.10 0.00
Ami noacids 0.05 0. 05 0.00
Pl
as ma 8.0 0. 00 0.00
proteins
Urea 0.03 0.03 2.00
I
nor ganicions 0.72 0.72 1
.50
(
a)Namet hepr oces sresponsibl
ef ort
hef ormati
onofglomer ul
arfi
ltrat
e
(
b)Whatpr ocessi srespons i
blefortheabs enceofgl
ucoseandami noacidsi
nur
ine?
(
c)Explainwhyt herear enopl as
mapr oteinsintheglomer ularfi
lt
rate?
1
0. Whatist heimpor tanceofs ebaceousglandsi nthehumans kin?
1
1. Expl
ainwhys
weataccumul
atesonaper
son’
sski
ninahothumi
denvi
ronment
1
2. Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weendi
abet
esmel
li
tusanddi
abet
esi
nspi
dus
1
3. St
atet
wopr
oces
sest
hroughwhi
chpl
ant
sexcr
etet
hei
rmet
abol
icwas
tes
.
1
4. Thef
igur
ebel
ows
howsaver
ti
cals
ect
iont
hroughamammal
ianki
dney.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 36
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Labelt
hepar
tsAandB

(
b)Whichparti
st heBowman’
scapsulefound?
1
5. (
a)Expl
aint
heeffectsoft
heproduct
ionoflar
geamount
sofAnt
idi
uret
ichor
monei
n
t
hehuman
body
(
b)St
atet
wof
unc
tionsoft
hel
oopofHenl
e
1
6. St
udyt
hehomeos
tat
ics
chemebel
ow:

(a)I
dent
if
ythehormonelabel
edA
(b)Namethesi
teofact
ionofhormoneA
(c)I
dent
if
ythef
eedbacklabel
edD
1
7. Stat
ethr
eeimport
anceofOs mos
isinpl
ant
s
1
8. Apat
ientwascompl
aini
ngoft
hir
stmos
toft
het
imes
.As
ampl
eoft
hepat
ient
’sur
ine
wasf
ound
nott
ocont
ainal
otofs
ugarbutwasdi
lut
e:-
(
a)Namethehormonet heper
son’sbodywasdefici
entof
(
b)Whichgl
andproducestheabovehormone
(
c)Namethedis
easet hatt
hepati
entwasmos tl
ikel
ys uf
fer
ingf
rom
1
9. St
atet
wof
eat
uresi
nthenephr
ont
hatf
aci
li
tat
eul
tr
afi
lt
rat
ion
20. Thet
abl
e bel
ow s
hows a des
cri
pti
on ofs
izeofgl
omer
uliand r
enalt
ubul
es of
t
woani
mal
s
whi
char
e adapt
ed t
oli
vingi
ndi
ff
erentenvi
ronment
:-
Ani
malA
AnimalB
Glomeruli l
argeand few s
mal
l
and many
Renaltubules short
long
a)Namethelikel
yenvi
ronmenti
nwhi
chanimalAl
ives

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 37
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
b)Suggestt
hemainnitr
ogenouswast
epr oducedbyani
malB
c)Nametheorganell
eofosmoregul
ati
onineachoft
hefol
lowi
ngani
mal
:
i
)Par
ameci
um
ii
)Ins
ects
21
. Whatr ol
eisplayedbythel
iverinexcr
eti
on?
22. Theequat
ionbel
owr
epr
esent
samet
abol
icpr
oces
sthatoccur
sint
hemammal
ian
l
iver
: Ami
noaci
ds or
gani
ccompound+ur
ea

a)Nametheprocess
(b)Whati
stheimportanceoft
heproces
st ot
hemammals?
23. Apersonwasfoundtopassoutlar
gevolumeofdi
lut
eur
inefr
equent
ly.Namet
he:
-
(a)di
s easet hepersonwass ufferi
ngfr
om?
(b)hormonet hatwasdef i
cient
24. Expl
aint heef f
ectsofthefollowingont hequanti
tyandcomposi
ti
onofur
ine
(a)Drinkinglargeamountofcl eanwater
(b)Drinkingver ysal
tysoup
(c)Removalofpancr eas
25. (a)Disti
nguis hbetweenexcr etionandeges t
ion
(b)Statet heimportanceofexcr et
ioni
nt hebodiesofl
ivi
ngor
ganis
ms.
26. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howss
impl
if
ieds
truct
uresofki
dneysf
rom t
wodi
ff
erentani
mal
s.

Ani
malN Ani
malM
(a)Suggestpossi
blehabit
atinwhi chanimalNi sfound.
(b)Gi
vet woreasonsforyouransweri n(a)above.
27. (a)Whatispoiki
lother
m?
(b)St
atetwoclassesofphylum chordatawhereal lmember
sar
epoi
kil
other
mic.
28. Thediagram bel
owr epres
entsamammal iannephr on

(i
)Namet hes t
ructur
el abel
ledQ
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(i
i)Statetwoadapt ati
onsofpar tl
abeledR
29. Di
sti
nguishbet weeninternalenvir
onmentandext er
nalenvi
ronmentasus
edi
n

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 38
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
30. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sanephr
onofamammal
:

(
a)Namet
hepar
tslabeledA,BandD
(
b)Nameamaj
orsubstanceingl
omer
ularf
il
tr
atewhos
econcent
rat
ionr
emai
nst
he
s
ame
betweenAandC
31
. Namethepart
softhef
lowert
hatar
eres
pons
ibl
efort
hepr
oduct
ionofgamet
es
32. Theequat
ionbel
owr
epr
esent
samet
abol
icpr
oces
sthatoccur
sinacer
tai
nor
gani
n
t
hem
mammal
ianbody:
-
Ammoni
a enzymes Or
gani
ccompoundQ+wat
er
Car
bon(
IV)oxi
de
a)Namet hepr oces srepresentedint heequation.
b)Namet heorgani nwhi chthepr ocessoccurs.
c)Whyi st heproces simpor t
anttothemammal ?
d)Identi
fyt heorganiccompoundQ.
e)Explai
nt hes ourceofammoni aintheor gannamedin(b)above.
f)Whathappenst oor gani
ccompoundQ?
33. KosgeiandOnyanchacol l
idedduringaf ootbal
lmatchandeachgotbr
uis
ed.Kos
gei
’s
br
uis
e s
toppedbl
eedi
ngaf
tert
enmi
nut
eswhi
leOnyancha’
sbr
uis
econt
inuedbl
eedi
ng
andhehad
t
obet
akent
o hos
pit
alf
ort
reat
ment
.
(a)Expl
aintheprocesswhichbroughtaboutst
oppageofKos gei
’sbl
eedi
ng
(b)Dist
ingui
shbetweenbloodclotti
ngandhaemaggl uti
nati
on.
(c)Namet hedis
eas e,t
hatOnyanchacouldbes uff
eri
ngfrom.
34. Thetablebelowshowst hepercent
ageofs omes ubst
ancesint hegl
omerul
arf
il
tr
ate
andur
ine
ofacer
tai
nmammal
:-
Subs
tances Content
singlomerul
arfi
lt
rat
e Cont entsin
urine
Wat er 90 90
Sodium i
ons 0. 3 0.35
Chlori
deions 0.37 0.60
Glucose 0.1 0. 0
Urea 0.03 2.
0
Protei
ns 0. 0 0. 0
(
a)Fr
om theabovet abl
e,accountfor;(i)Theabs
enceofglucos ei nuri
ne
(i
i)Theabsenceofproteini nbot
hglomer
ular
f
il
tr
ateanduri
ne

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 39
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(b)Expl
ainthesigni
fi
canceofthef
lowsyst
em i
nthenephronwherethegl omer
ular
f
il
tr
ate
fl
owsi nopposit
edirect
iontot
hatofbl
oodi
nthesurroundi
ngcapil
lar
ies

(c)Namet hehor monet hatcontr

olsthepercentageofwat
eri
nur
ineandt
hatwhi
ch
cont
rolthe
amountofs al
ts
Percentageofwat er
Amountofs alt
s
(d)Lis
tanyt wodi seas
es/ di
sordersofthekidney
35. St
udyt
hedi
agr
am bel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow

(
a)Namethes tr
uctur
er epresent edbyt hediagram
(
b)(i
)Namet hepartslabell
edDandM
(
ii
)Namet hehormoneswhos esit
esofactionareQandG
(
c)Nameones ubstancet hatispresentinpartNbutabsenti
npar
tZ
(
d)Thecontent
sofpar tVwer eboi l
edwi t
hBenedi ct
s’s
olut
ionandanor
ange
pr
eci
pit
atewas
f
ormed.Accountforther esults
36. I
nani
nves
tigat
ion,t
woper
sonsAandBdr
unkt
hes
ameamountofgl
ucos
esol
uti
on.
Thei
rbl
ood
s
ugarl
evel
swer
edet
ermi
nedi
mmedi
atel
yandt
her
eaf
terati
nter
val
sofonehourf
or
t
henexts
ix
hour
s.
Ther
esul
tswer
eass
howni
nthef
oll
owi
ngt
abl
e:-
Time Bl
oodgl
ucos
elevel
(hrs
) (
mg/1
00ml)
PersonA PersonB
0 90 120
1 220 360
2 160 370
3 100 380

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 40
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
4 90 240
5 90 200
6 90 160

(
a)Dr
awagr
aphofbl
oods
ugarl
evel
sofper
sonsAandBagai
nstt
imeont
hes
ame
axi
s
(b)Explai
neachoft hefollowi ngobs ervations;-
(i
)Bloods ugarlevelincr easedinper sonAbet ween0and1hour
(i
i)Thebl oods ugarleveldr oppedinper sonAbet ween1and4hour s
(c)From thegr aph,whati st henor malbl oodgl ucosesugarlevelf
orhumanbeings
(d)Sugges tar easonforthehi ghs ugarleveli nper s
onB
(e)Howcant hehi ghbloods ugarleveli nper sonBcont r
oll
ed?
(f)Whatist hebi ologi
cals ignifi
canceofmai ntainingar el
ati
vel
yconst
antsugarleveli
n
ahuman
being
(g)Accountf ort hedecreas eint hebloodgl ucoselevelofpersonBaft
er4hours

37. Anex
per
imentwascar
riedoutt
odet
ermi
net
heef
fectofdr
inki
ngonexces
samount
ofwat
eron

t
hef
lowofur
ine.Aper
sondr
ink
sonel
it
reofwat
erandur
inewascol
lect
edat
i
nter
val
sof1
5mi
nut
es.
Ther
esul
tswer
eass
hownbel
ow:
Timein 0 1
5 30 45 60 75 90 1
05 1
20 1
35
minutes
Urineoutput 1 .6 1.6 1.6 5.
4 9.0 9.0 7.
6 3.
0 0.
8 0.
8
ml/min
(
a)Plotas ui
tabl
egraphtor
epres
entur
ineout
putwi
thti
me.
(b)Explai
ntherat
eofflowofuri
nebetweenthefol
lowi
ngtimes
;
(
i)15and60minutes
.
(i
i)60and75minutes.
(
ii
i)75and135minutes.
(c)Namet wohormonesresponsi
blef
orregul
ati
onofrel
ati
veamountofs
alt
sand
waterinman.

38. a)Expl
ainhowur
ea i
sfor
medi
nthe humanbody
b)Des
cri
bet
hepat
htakenbyur
eaf
rom t
heor
ganwher
eiti
sfor
medunt
ili
tis
r
eleas
edf
rom
t
hehuman body
39. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
samammal
iannephr
on.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 41
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Namet
hes
truct
uresl
abel
edB,
CandD
(
c)Namet
hepr
oces
sbywhi
chs
ubs
tancesar
ereabs
orbedf
rom s
truct
ureCi
ntobl
ood
capi
ll
ari
es
(
d)Howi
sthepr
ess
urei
nst
ruc
tur
eAachi
eved?

40.

a)Identi
fysubs
tanceX
(c)Givetheendproduct
soft
hepr
oces
slabel
ledH
(
d)Gi
vet
hreeot
herf
unct
ionsoft
hel
iver
41
. Thef
lowdi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sbl
oodcl
ott
ingpr
oces
s

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 42
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
a)Namet
hepr
otei
nsr
epr
esent
edbyt
hel
ett
ers
;V,Y,Z
b)St
atet
hei
mpor
tanceofbl
oodcl
ott
ing

c)Whydoes
n’tt
hephys
iol
ogi
calpr
oces
saboveoccuri
nundamagedbl
oodves
sel
s
42. HowdoesanEndot
her
mres
pondt
obot
hheatgai
nandheatl
oss
?

43. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
samammal
iannephr
on

(
a)Namet
he: (
i)St
ruct
urel
abel
ledP

(
b)Stat
et hes t
ruct
uralmodifi
cat
ionsofthepartlabell
edQf or
(
i)Des ertmammal s
(
ii
)Fres hwatermammal s
(
c)(i)Nameones ubstancepres
entatpoi ntRbutabsentatpointSinaheal
thy
mammal.
(i
i)Theappear anceofthesubstanceyouhavenamedi n(c)(i
)abovei
sa
sympt
om ofa
cert
ain disease.Namet hedisease

44. Des
cri
behowt
hemammal
ians
kinr
egul
atesbodyt
emper
atur
e

9. Ecol
ogy
1
. As
tudentwant
edt
oes
timat
ethenumberofgr
ass
hopper
sin5km2 gr
assf
iel
dneart
he
s
choolcompound.
Us
ingas
weepnethecapt
ured36gr
ass
hopper
s.Heus
edar
edf
eltpent
omar
kthe
t
hor
axofeachi
nsectbef
orer
eleas
ingbacki
ntot
hef
iel
d.Thr
eedaysl
aterhemade
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 43
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
anot
hercat
chofgr
ass
hopper
s.Hecol
lec
ted45gr
ass
hopper
sofwhi
chonl
y4had
beenmar
kedwi
thr
edmar
k.
a)Nametheabovemethodusedint hepopul
ati
onesti
mat
ion
b)Cal
cul
atet
hepopulati
onofgrasshopper
susingt
heabovedat
a
2. Whatist
hesigni
fi
canceoft
hefoll
owi ngi
ntheecosys
tem?
a)Decomposer
s
b)Predat
ors
3. Bir
dsfeedongras
shopper
sthatf
eedongr
ass
.
a)Drawapossi
blef
oodchainf
rom t
heaboveinf
ormati
on
b)Expl
ainwhy t
hebiomas
soforganis
ms decreases ateachpr
ecedi
ngt
rophi
clevel
.

4. Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms
:-
(i
)Autecol
ogy ;
(i
i)Bi
omass;
5. Stat
etwomos ti
mpor
tantf
act
orst
hatf
avourexponent
ialgr
owt
hofapopul
ati
onof
gazel
le
i
napar
k
6. (a)Di st
inguishbet weenhabi tatandniche.
(b)Expl ainwhyBi omassofpr oducer
si sgreaterthanthatofpri
maryconsumersina
bal
anced
ecos yst
em.
(c)St at
et woadv antagesofabi ol
ogicalcontr
olmet hodoverthechemicalcont
rol
methodof
pes t
sandpar as i
tes
7. Expl ainhowoi lasapol l
utantmayaffectaquaticplant
sandanimals?
8. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howspar
tofaf
oodr
elat
ions
hipi
nanecos
yst
em:
-

(a)Namethefoodrelat
ions
hipabove
(b)Howmanyt r
ophiclevel
sareshowninthediagram above?
(c)St
atemainsour
ceofener gyintheecos
ystem
9. Usethefoodwebbelowt oanswerthequesti
onsthatfol
low:-

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 44
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Const
ructafoodchai
nendingwit
hcrocodi
leasaquartenar
yconsumer
(b)Namet heorgani
smsinthefoodwebhathasonlyonepredator
1
0. 50blackmi ceand50whitemicewererel
easedinanareainhabit
edbyapai
rofowl
s.
Af
ter
f
ourmont
hs,t
hemi
cei
nthear
eawer
erecapt
uredandonl
y38bl
ackmi
ceandonl
ya
whi
temi
ce
r
emai
ned.
(
a)Howwouldyouexplai
nt heseresul
ts?
(
b)Namethetheoryofevol
utionthatsuppor
ttheresul
tsi
n(a)above
1
1. I
nacert
ainschoolFor
mt hr
eecl as
sdidanexperimenttoest
imat
et henumberof
Ti
lapi
a
i
nthei
rfi
shpond.725t
il
api
awer
enet
tedmar
kedandr
eleas
ed.
a)St atet hemet hodus edint hisexer cise
b)Cal culatet het i
lapiapopul ation.
c)St atetwoas s
umpt i
onsmadebyt hes tudent sduri
ngt heinvesti
gati
on
1
2. Ani nves ti
gat i
onwascar ri
edoutonat err estri
alecosystem.Thepopul at
ionsi
zesand
s
peci
es
biomas swer edet ermi nedandr ecordedass hownint hetable
SPECI ES POPULATI ONSI ZE SPECI ESBI OMASS
3 3
A 1x10 1x10
B 1x103 1x10-1
5
C 1x10 1x10
D 1x10 1x104
a)Iftheseor ganismshadaf eedi ngr el
ations hip,constructasimplefoodchaininvol
ving
alltheor gani sms
b)Cons tructpyr ami dofnumber sus ingthedat apr ovi
dedabove
c)Stateonedi sadvantage ofus ingpyr ami d ofnumberi nexpr es
singfeeding
relati
ons hipsi necol ogicalecos ystem

1
3. Thef
igur
erepr
esent
saf
eedi
ngr
elat
ions
hipi
nanecos
yst
em

(
a)Wri
tedownthefoodchaininwhichtheGuineaFowl
saresecondaryconsumer
s
(
b)Whatwoul
dbet heshortter
m eff
ect
sont heecosys
tem i
fli
onsinvadedthear
ea
(
c)Nametheorgani
smthroughwhichenergyfrom t
hesunenterst
hef oodweb

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 45
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

1
4. Out
linet hr
eerolesofacti
vetranspor
tinhumanbody
1
5. Di
stinguishbet
weencommuni t
yandpopulat
ion
1
6. Describehowthebelttransectcanbeusedinest
imati
ngt
hepopul
ati
onofas
hrubi
n
a
grassland
17. Af i
shf armerwant edt oknowt henumberoff i
shinapond.Hecol l
ected10f i
shfrom
thepond
andl abeledeac h,byat agl abeloni tsfi
n and returned t
hetenf i
sht othe pondto
mix with
otherfish.Whenhel at
ercol lected50f i
shfrom thepond,hefoundonl yfourof
them hadl abels
a)Es t
imat ethet otalnumberoff ishinthepond( show yourwor ki
ngs )
b)Whatt woas sumpt ionsarebei ngmadei nthi
smet hodsofes
timati
ngpopul at
ion
18. Whati st heimpor tanceofs aprophlicfungiandbacteriainanecosystem
19. i )Name one mai ncaus eofgl obalwar ming
ii
)Whatar etheef fectsofglobalwar ming
20. Expl ainhows al
ivai simportanti ndigesti
on
21
. Gi
vear
eas
onwhyt
wos
peci
esi
nanecos
yst
em cannotoccupyt
hes
ameni
che
22. Bel
owi
sapyr
ami
dofnumber
sindi
cat
ingt
rophi
clevel
s:-

(a)Whatdoyouunder s
tandbyt het ermt rophiclevel?
(b)Namet het rophiclevelnumber ed5ont hepyr amid
(c)NameQ
(d) Whatist hes ignif
icanceoft hear rowR
23. Twopopul ationsoft hes ames peciesofbi rdswer es eparatedoveral ongper i
odof
ti
mebyan
ocean.Bot hpopul ati
onsi nit
iallyf edoni nsect sonly.Later,itwasobs ervedt hatone
popul
ation
fedent ir
elyonf ruit
sands eeds ,alt
houghi nsectswer eavailable.Namet hi stypeof
evol
uti
onar y
change
24. Toes t
imatet hepopul ati
ons izeofcr absi nacer tainlagoon,t r
apswer el aidatr andom.
400crabs
wer ecaught ,mar kedandr eleas edbacki nt othelagoon.F ourdaysl ater ,t r
apswer e
l
aidagainand
360cr abswer ec aught.Outoft he360cr abs ,90wer efoundt ohavebeenmar ked
(i)Calculatet hepopul ati
ons izeoft hecr absi nthel agoon
(ii)Whati st henamegi vent ot hismet hodofes ti
mat i
ngthepopul at
ions ize
25. St atethefunct i
onofeachoft hef oll
owi ngappar atus:
(a)Poot er …
(b)Sweepnet …………
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 46
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
26. Stat
ether oleofthefol
lowingapparat
usinthest
udyofl
ivi
ngt
hings
.
(a)Sweepnet s.
(b)Pooter.
(c)Pi
tfallt
rap.
27. Namet hreedensitydependentfact
orsinanecos
yst
em.
28. (a)Whataret hetwomaincomponent sofanecos yst
em?
(
b)Apartfr
om mer eobservat
ionofactualfeedi
ngs ugges
ttwomet
hodst
hatcanbe
used
t
odeter minethetypeoffoodeatenbyani mals
29. Thechartbelowr epr
esentsasimpli
fi
ednitrogencycl
e.

Ni
tr
ogeni
nAi
r

Nit
rogen
f
ixat
ion Y
Li
ght
ing X
Pl
ant
s
Eges
tio
Nit
rogenfixi
ng Excr
eti
o n
bacteri
ainroot
Deat
nodules
h

Ni
tr
atesi
nsoi
l

Whati
srepr
esent
edbyX,YandZ?
30. I nanecol ogi
cals t
udy,alocus
tpopul
ati
onandthatofcr
owswasest
imat
edina
gras
slandar ea
overaper iodofoneyear .Theresul
tswer
etabulat
edasshownbel
ow.
Mont
hs J F M A M J A S O N D
No.ofAdultl
ocus
tsx 90 20 1 1 25 200 652 1 5 1 0 35 1 92 456
2
1
0
Numberofcrows 4 2
0 1 8 22 2 1 1 5 1 5
Amountofrai
nfal
l 20 0
55 350 520 350 1 0 2 1
90 25 350
5 6
a)Dr
awagr
aphofpopul
ati
onofl
ocus
tsandcr
owsagai
nstt
ime
b)i)Statetherelati
onshi pbetweenr ai
nfalland locus tpopulat
ion
i
i)Accountfort herelati
onshipyouhaves t
atedinb( i)above
c)Whathappensont hepopulationsoflocus t
sandcr owsinthemont hsofJanuaryt
o
March?
Gi
vear eason.
d)Ift
hear eaofs tudywasones quar ekil
omet er,stat
eonemet hodus edt
o
es
timatethe
popul
ationof: - i)Locus t
s
ii
)Cr ows
(e)(i
)Statethet rophi
clevelsoft he( i
)Locustsand( ii
)crows
(ii
)Cons t
ructas implecompl et
ef oodchai ninvolvi
ngtheseor ganisms
(f
)Ifthelocustwer eremovedf rom thef oodchain,whatwoul dbei tseffect
?
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 47
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(g)Definebiomass
31. Twos peciesofantelopeswereintr
oducedi
ntoanecos yst
em atthesameti
mei n
equalnumber s.
Thegr aphsbelows howt hei
rrel
ati
venumbersduringthefir
stei
ghtyear
softhei
rco-
exi
stence.
Studyt hegraphscareful
lyandanswertheques
tionsthatfol
low.

a)i)Whi chs peciesofantelopehasbettersurvi

valadapt
ations
.
ii)Givear easonforyourans werabove.
b)i)Namet het ypeofcur vesshown.
ii)Namet hephas eslabeledPQ,QR,RS,ST
c)Explainthes hapeofthecurveforthes peci
esofAntelopeAbet
ween
i
)QandR.
i
i)SandT.
d)i
)Statethetypeofcompet i
ti
ons hownbyt hetwos peciesofantelopes .
ii
)Stat
eanyt wosympt omsofintras
pecif
iccompet i
ti
oni nplants
.
e)Suggesthowthes peci
esBavoi dcompet i
ti
veexclusion.
.
f
)Stateanythreeadaptat
ionsthatenabletheantelopestoover comepr edati
on.
g)Stat
eanyt wopossibl
emet hodsbywhi chpopulati
onsoft hetwoant elopes’s
peci
es
wer
e
deter
mined.
32. Expl
ainf
iveabi
oti
cfact
orst
hataf
fectt
heecos
yst
em
33. Thedat
ashownbel
owwast
akenf
rom Savannahgr
ass
landhabi
tat
.Exami
nei
tcar
eful
ly
andt
hen
ans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
-
(a)Drawt hreefoodchains
(b)Drawapyr amidofnumbersforaf oodchai
nwithf
ourtrophi
clevel
sandindi
cat
e
t
hetrophic
level
satwhicheachmemberf eeds
(c)Statet heeffectofr
emovingthehunt i
ngdogs
(d)Whyi si tadvi
sabletof
eed100kgofgr aintomani
nsteadofusingi
ttofat
tenst
eer
s
t
hen
supplybeeft ohumanpopulat
ion?

Or
gani
sm Popul
ati
on
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 48
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Gras s
es 1
000
Caterpil
lar
s 500
Squirrel
s 300
Frogs 200
Gazelles 300
El
ephant s 100
Snakes 50
Hunt i
ng 40
dogs
Vultures 40
Li
ons 40
Hawks 10

34. St
udyt
hef
oll
owi
ngf
oodwebandans
werques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:

(
a)(i
)Namet heorganis
mst hatoccupyt hesecondt rophi clevel
(i
i)Whati stheothernamef ort hes econdtrophicl evel
(
b)Wr i
tedownt wofoodchai nsf r
om t hef oodwebt hat :
(
i)Endwi t
hhawksast erti
arycons umer
(
ii
)Endwi thhawksasquat ernarycons umer
(
c)Givi
ngr easonsstat
e;( i)theor ganism withlargestbi omas s
(i
i)theor ganism wit
hl eas tbiomass
35. (
a)Explai
nhowf oodasaf actorregulatest hepopulationofani malsi
nanecos
yst
em
(
b)Des
cri
bet
hef
lowofener
gyf
rom t
hes
unt
hrought
hedi
ff
erentt
rophi
clevel
sinan
ecos
yst
em
36. (a)Descri
behowapopulati
onofgrasshoppersinagivenareacanbeesti
mated
(b)Descri
behowt hebel
ttr
ansectcanbeus edi nest
imat
ingthepopul
ati
onofashr
ub
i
n
agrassl
and
37. Theflowchartbel
owrepres
ent
saf eedingrelat
ionshi
pinanecosyst
em

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 49
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Name; (
i)Thepr
oducer
sint
heecos
yst
em
(
ii
)Twoor
gani
smswhi
char
ebot
hsecondar
yandt
ert
iar
ycons
umer
s

(b)Statet wos hortterm ef

fectsofi mmigrati
onofinsectsintheecos ys
tem.
(
c)Whi chor ganism hasthel eastBiomas sinthefoodweb.Explai
n.
(
d)Statet hreedi s
advantagesofus ings ynthet
icpesti
cidesoverBiologi
calcont
rol
.
(
e)Statet her ol
eofeachoft hef ol
lowinginanecos yst
em;
(
i)Sapr ophytes
(
ii
)Legumi nousplants
(i
ii)Explainther ol
eofpr oducer sinanecosystem
(f
)Nameonemet hodt hatwoul dbeus edtoest
imatet hepopul
ationofsmallf
ishin
t
he
ecosyst
em
38. Howar
eleavesofmes
ophyt
esadapt
edt
othei
rfunct
ions
?

1
0.Repr
oduct
ioni
n(a)pl
ant
s (
b)ani
mal
s
1
. a)Namet
hepar
tofan ovul
ethatdevel
ops i
nto eachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpar
tsofa
s
eedaf
ter
f
ert
il
izat
ion i
)Tes
ta
i
i)Endos
per
m
b)Whatispart
henocarpy?
2. Stat
ethr
eer ol
esofplacent
adur
ingpr
egnancy.
3. Namet
hreemai
nmet
hodst
hroughwhi
chHI
V/AI
DSi
str
ans
mit
ted
4. (a)Namethepr oces
s esthatleadt
of r
uitformationwi t
houtfer
ti
li
zat
ion
(b)Namet hehormonet hatcausesleaf
,flower sandf rui
tabsci
ssi
on
(c)Whatistheroleofecdysonehor monei ninsect s
5. Stat
ether ol
esofoviductinfemalereproducti
ves ystem
6. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
samat
ureembr
yos
ac.St
udyi
tcar
eful
lyandans
wert
he
ques
tions
t
hatf
oll
ow:

(
a)I
dent
if
yst
ruct
uresXandY
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 50
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(b)Whyiscrosspol
li
nat
ionmoreadvant
ageoustoapl
antspeci
esthanself
pol
li
nat
ion?
7. Thedi agr
am belowshowsaphenomenonwhichoccur
sduri
ngcelldi
vis
ion.

(
a)Namet
hepar
tlabel
edT.
(
b)(
i)St
atet
hebi
ologi
cali
mpor
tanceoft
hepar
tlabel
ledT.
(
ii
)Ident
if
ythet
ypeofcel
ldi
vis
ioni
nwhi
cht
hisphenomenonoccur
s.
8. (
a)Whenar ethetwoor ganismscons i
deredt obelongtothes ames peci
es.
(
b)Expl
aintheterm alt
ernationofgener ati
ons.
9. ( a)Expl
ainwhyLarmack ’sTheor yofevolutionisnotacceptedbybi ologi
stst
oday.
(
b)Stat
et hesi
gnif
icanceofmut at
ioninevol uti
on.
10. ( a)Givetworolesofthepl acenta.
(
b)Expl
ainwhyhor monet es t
osterones t
il
lexertsitsi
nfl
uenceevenwhenvas
defer
enshave
beencut.
11
. Namet womechanis mst hathinders el
ffert
ili
zati
oninfl
ower i
ngplants
1
2. Stat
et hreewaysinwhi chpl ant
scompens atef
orl ackofmovement
1
3. (a)Whatdoyouunder standbyt heter
m doublef erti
li
zat
ion?
(b)Statetwoadaptat
ionsofani maldisper
s edfr
uits
1
4. Namet hehor monethat;
(a)Sti
mul at
ethecontractionofuter
usdur ingbi
rth
(b)Sti
mul at
esthedisi
nt egrati
onofthecorpusinteum whenf er
ti
li
zat
ionf
ail
stot
ake
place
15. Stat
ethr
eewaysi
nwhi
chf
lower
spar
ents
elfpol
li
nat
ion
1
6. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sas
tagei
nthedevel
opmentofhumanf
oet
us

(a)Stateonef unct
ionofeachoft hestruct
ureslabel
ledAandB
(b)Apar tf
rom thesizeofthef oet
uswhatelsefrom thedi
agr
am il
lust
ratesthatbi
rt
h
wasgoingto
occurint henearfuture
(c)Explai
nwhyapr egnantwomani ssuppli
edwithdos
esofi r
ont abl
ets
regul
arl
y
1
7. Namet hetypeofplacentati
onwher e;
(i)Pl
acentaappearsasoner idgeontheovar ywall
(ii
)Placentaappearsatt hecentreoftheovarywithovul
esonitandt hedivi
dingwal
ls
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 51
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
ofcar
pel
s
dis
appear
1
8. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
samat
uref
rui
tfr
om adi
cot
yledonouspl
ant
,obs
ervei
t
and
ans
werques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow

Hook

a)Towhatgroupoffr
uit
sdoesthespeci
menbel ong?
b)Suggestt
hepossi
bleagentofdi
sper
salofthefrui
t
1
9. Expl
ainwhymenstr
ualperi
odsstopi
mmediatelyaft
erconcept
ion?
20. a)Whyi ssexualreproducti
oni
mportanti
nevol
uti
onofplantsandanimal
s
b)Thecal yxcel
lsofacer tai
npl
anthas22chromosomes.Statethenumberof
chromosomes
presentint heplant’
s
i)Endos perm
ii
)Ovul ecell
21. Thedi agram belows howsapoll
en–t ubeent
eri
ngtheovuleofaf l
oweri
ngplant

D
a)Namethepartsl
abeledA,BandD
b)Namet heki
ndoffer
tili
zat
ionexhi
bit
edbytheabovef
lowering pl
ant
.
22. Donkeyandzebraar
ecl osel
yrel
atedyetnotoft
hesames pecies
.Expl
ain
23. Namet
wof
act
orsi
ntheenvi
ronmentwhi
chor
gani
smsr
espondt
o
24. Whati
smeantbyt
het
erms
:- a)i
)Epi
gynousf
lower
i
i)St
ami
nat
ef l
ower
b)Nametheprot
ecti
vemembr
aness
urr
oundi
ngt
he
brai
n
25. Thedi
agr
am bel
owi
ll
ust
rat
eapr
oces
sinagi
vens
peci
esofor
gani
sm

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 52
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

a)Namet heorgani
smthatundergoestheprocessabove
b)Identi
fyt
heprocessshowntobet akingpl
ace
26. StatetwowaysbywhichHIV/AI
DSi stransmi
tt
edfrom mothert
ochi
ld
27. (
a)St
atet
her
oleofcent
ri
olesdur
ingcel
ldi
vis
ion
(
b)(i
)Expl
aintherol
eofchlorophyl
linphotos
ynthesi
s
(i
i)Whatisthemainproductofthedarkstageofphot
osynt
hes
is?
28. (
a)Atwhatstageofmeios
isisthechiasmataformed?
(
b)(i
)Whati st hes i
gnificanceoftheabovepar ti
nlivi
ngor gani
sms ?
(i
i)St atetwoi mpor tanceofmei osi
sinl i
vingorganisms ?
29. (a)Statet wowaysi nwhi chthemal epartsofawi ndpolli
natedflowerareadaptedt
o
theirmode ofpol l
inati
on
(
b)Diff
er enti
ate bet weenmonoeci ousanddi oeci
ousplant s
30. (a)Whati sseeddor mancy?
(
b)Statet wowaysi nwhi chseeddor mancycanbebr oken
31. (a)Explaintwoi mportanceoft headul tstagei nmetamor phosi
sini ns
ects
(
b)Whati sthei mpor t
anceoft hejuvenil
ehor monei ninsects?
32. Describet hepos s
ibleef f
ectsofdischarginghotef fl
uentfrom afactor
yintoas l
ow
f
lowi
ng river
33. Stat
et wodi sadvantagesofext er
nalferti
li
zati
oni nanimals
34. St
atet
hreer
olesofpl
acent
ainmammal
s
35. (
a)Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howsas
tagedur
ingcel
ldi
vis
ion

(i
)Namet hes t
ageofcelldi
vis
ion
(
ii
)Giveareas onforyourans
wer
(
b)Namet wos t
ructuresi
nplant
swheremal
eandf
emal
egamet
esar
epr
oduced

36. St
atet
woadvant
agesofmet
amor
phos
ist
othel
if
eofi
nsect
s
37. Li
stf
ourdi
ff
erencesbet
weenMi
tos
isandMei
osi
s
38. Gi
vear
eas
onwhyt
wos
peci
esi
nanecos
yst
em cannotoccupyt
hes
ameni
che
39. Stat
et hefuncti
onsofthefol
lowi
nghormonesi
nthemenst
rualcycl
e:
(i
)oestrogen
(i
i)l
uteini
zinghormone(L.H)
(i
ii
)Folli
clesti
mulat
inghormone(FSH)
40. Thediagramsbel owrepr
esenttwogynoeci
aAandBobtai
nedfrom twodi
ff
erent
pl
ant
s.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 53
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Whatnamei sgivent o;Gynoecium A?

Gynoecium B?
(b)Statetheobservabl
ediff
erencebetweent hegnoeci
aAandB
(c)Stat
etheroleplayedby Heterost
ylyinplant
s.
41
. Statethedif
fer
encebet weenthes per
m cellandtheovum.
42. (a)Namethepart
softhefl
oweri
nwhi chpollengrainsar
eaf
ormed.
(b)Nametwonucl
eif
oundinpol
lengrains
.
43. Thediagr
am bel
owrepres
entsastageincelldivi
sion.

(a)Namethes t
ageofalldi
vis
ionshowni
nthedi
agr
am above.
( b)Gi
vereas
onsforyouranswer.
44. Namet hehor
monet hat
:
(
a)Sti
mulatethecontracti
onofuterusduri
ngbir
th.
(b)St
imulat
et hedi
sintegrat
ionofcorpusl
uteum whenf
ert
il
izat
ionf
ail
stot
akepl
ace.

45. St
atet
hreewaysi
nwhi
chs
eeddor
mancybenef
it
sapl
ant
46. (i
)Stat
etwomaj orst
ructur
aldif
ferencesbet
weenf r
uitandas eed
(i
i)Whyisitadvi
sabl
et ousebiologi
calcont
rolofpest
s?
47. Stat
ethefuncti
onsofthefol
lowingpartsint
hemal ereproduct
ivesys
tem
(a)Somnifer
oustubul
es
(b)Sertol
icel
ls
48. (a)Namet hepart
sofaf l
owerresponsibl
eforgametef or
mat i
on
(b)Stateonefeat
ureofpoll
engrainsfrom awindpoll
inatedfl
ower
49. Namet hemechanis
mst hathi
nders el
f-
fer
til
izat
ioni
nfl
ower ingpl
ant
s
50. Theeggsofbi
rdsar
erel
ati
vel
ymuchl
argert
hant
hos
eofmammal
s.Expl
ain
51
. Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weent
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms
:
Pol
li
nat
ionandf
ert
il
izat
ion
52. a)Descr
ibe t
hev ari
ous mechani
smsoff r
uitand s
eeddi s
persal.
b)Descr
ibethevaryingevent
sthatfol
lowafl
owerafterf
erti
li
zat
ion.
53. Descr
ibehowfrui
tsands eedsaresuit
edtothei
rmodeofdi sper
sal
54. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
ssomehor
mones
,thei
rsour
cesandf
unct
ionsi
na
mammal
:

(
a)I
dent
if
ythemas
tergl
anddes
cri
bedabove

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 54
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
b)Namehor mones( i
i),(i
ii
),(
v)and( i
v)
(c)Ex
plainthecons equencesofdefi
cienciesofhormone(ii)i
nman
(d)Otherthanstimulati
ngt hedevel
opmentofut erinewal
l,sugges
toneot herf
unct
ion
ofhormone( vi)
55. Thediagram belowr epr
es ent
ssomehor mones ,theirs
our
cesandf unct
ionsin
mammal
s.

)Namethehor
monesI,I
IandIII
b)NamehormonesIVands tat
eit
sfunct
ion
c)Namethecont
roll
abell
edA&B

d)Nameones
econdar
ysexualchar
act
eri
sti
ccommont
obot
hmal
esandf
emal
es

56. ( a)St
atetherol
eofs pl
eeni nhumandef ensemechanism
(b)St
atetwowaysbywhi cht heHIVspreadmaybecont r
oll
edthroughpati
entsi
n
hospi
tal
s
(c)Whatdoyouunder s
tandbyt hewordAcquiredImmunit
yDefi
ciencySyndrome
(AI
DS)
(d)Whyisimmunizat
ionagai nstdi
seasesencouragedbythegovernment
(e)St
atehownaturalacti
veacqui r
edimmunityisattai
nedbyanindivi
dual
57. Explai
nhows eedsandf ruit
sar eadapt
edt othevari
ousmethodsofdisper
sal
58. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sfemal
erepr
oduct
ives
yst
em;

a)Namet hepartlabeled;A,B,CandD
b)Stat
et wofuncti
onsofs tr
uctureA
c)Howi spartCadaptedt oitsfunct
ion?
d)Ofwhats i
gnif
icanceispartEt oreproduct
ion?
59. Thediagram bel
owr epresentsahumanf oetusinaut
erus

(
a)Namethepar
tlabel
ledS
(
b)(i
)Namethebloodvess
elsl
abel
ledAandB

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 55
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
ii
)Statethediff
erenceincompos it
ionofbl
oodfoundi
nvess
elsAandB
(
c)Namet wofeaturesthatenablethes tr
uct
urel
abell
edPcar
ryouti
tsf
unct
ion
(
d)Stat
et heroleofthepartlabell
edR

60. Anex
per
imentwascar
riedoutt
oinves
tigat
ether
ateofgr
owt
hofpol
lent
ubeagai
nst
t
ime.
Ther
esul
tsar
eshowni
nthet
abl
ebel
ow:
Ti
mei
nmi
nut
es Growt hofpol l
ent ubein
mill
imet ers
0 0
30 4.0
60 9.8
90 15.2
120 20.0
150 21.6
180 22.4
(
a)(i
)Ont hegridprovideddr awagr aphofthepollent ubegr owt hagains
ttime.
(
b)(i
)Atwhati nter
valswast hegr owt hofthepoll
ent ubemeas ured?
(i
i)Whatwast hel engt hofpol l
ent ubeat
; 1
30mi nutes
(i
ii
)Atwhatt i
mewast helengthoft hepol
lent ube1 8mm?
(i
v)Wi t
hr easons,des cribethegr owthpat
ternoft hepol l
ent ubebetween:
 0t o1 20mi nutes
 Reas on
 1 20t o180mi nutes
 Reas on
(
v)St at
et heimpor t
anceoft hegr owt hofpol
lent ubet ot hepl ant
(
c)Statethechangest hatt akepl acei naf l
owerafterf erti
li
zation

1
1.Gr
owt
handdevel
opmenti
n(a)pl
ant
s(b)ani
mal
s
1
. a)Namet hehormonewhi
chcont r
olsmoul
ti
ng i
ninsect
s.
b)Statet
heimport
anceofmoultngi
ninsect
s.
2. Theil
lus
trat
ionbel
owrepresent
saneyedefect

a)Namet heeyedef ect.

b)Namet helensest hatcanbeus edtocor r
ectt
hedefect.
3. (a)Statetwofunc t
ionsoft heki dney
(b)Namet wosubs t
ancest hatarenotfoundinuri
neofahealthyper
son
(c)Namet wodiseasest hataffectthekidney
4. Thedi agr
am belowr epres entsagr owt
hpat t
ernofar
thropods
.

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 56
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Time( days)
(
a)Namet het
ypeofgr owthpat t
ernr epr
esent
edonthegraph.
(b)I
denti
fyt
heprocessrepresentedbyX.
(c)Whichhormoneisresponsibl
ef orprocessatXin15(
b)above?
5. Dist
ingui
shbetweennaturalandacquiredi mmunit
y.
6. Thec
ell
sshownbel
owwer
eobt
ainedf
rom di
ff
erentpar
tsofayoungr
oott
ip:

Gi
vet
henameoft
hezonef
rom whi
cheachcel
lwasobt
ainedA,BandC

7. Di
ff
erent
iat
ebet
weencont
inuousanddi
scont
inuousvar
iat
ions
8. Anex
per
imentwass
et-
upass
howni
nthedi
agr
am bel
ow:
-

(a)Suggestthepossi
bleaim oft
hisexperi
ment
(b)Accountfortheobser
vati
onatt heendoft heexperi
ment
9. Stat
et helocat
ionofeachofthefol
lowingplantmeris
temat
icti
ssues
:-
(i
)Vascularcambium
(i
i)I
ntercal
arymer i
stem
1
0. Defi
net hefol
lowi
ngt er
ms: a)Gr
owth
b)Devel
opment
1
1. Stat
et woadvantagesofmetamor
phosi
sinthel
if
eins
ect
s
1
2. St
ateonedi
sadvant
ageofexos
kel
etoni
nins
ect
s.
1
3. Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weenpr
imar
ygr
owt
hands
econdar
ygr
owt
hinaf
lower
ingpl
ant
1
4. Whati
stherol
eofthefol
lowi
ngtoager
minat
ings
eed: ( i
)Oxygen
(
ii
)Cotyl
edons
1
5. Gi
vethr
eeappli
cat
ionsofpl
antgr
owt
hhormonesi
nagri
cul
ture

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 57
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
1
6. St
atet
wof
unct
ionsofcal
cium i
nthehumanbody
1
7. St
atet
hebi
ologi
cali
mpor
tanceofecdys
isi
nar
thr
opods
1
8. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sas
tagedur
ingt
hepr
oces
sofger
minat
ion.

(
a)(i
)Namet het ypeofgerminat
ionill
ustr
atedinthediagr
am
(i
i)Gi
vear easonforyourans werin(a)(
i)above.
(
b)Givetwof unctionsofthepartlabel
ledX
1
9. Inanexperimentyoungpot t
eds eedli
ngswereplacedinadarkboxwi
thuni
lat
eral
l
ights
our
ce
ass
hownbel
ow:

(
a)Whatwastheaim oftheexperi
ment?
(
b)Stat
etheobser
vationsmadeont heseedl
ingsaf
ter3days
20. Thegraphbel
owrepresentsthegrowthofani
malsinacert
ainphyl
um.

(
a)Namethet
ypeofgrowthpatt
ernshownont
hegr
aph.
(
b)I
dent
if
ythepr
ocessrepres
entsbyx.

(
c)Namet
hehor
moner
espons
ibl
efort
hepr
oces
sinBabove.
21
. (
a)St
atet
her
oleoft
hevas
cul
arcambi
um i
npl
antgr
owt
handdevel
opment
.
(
b)Expl
ainwhymonocot
yledonspl
ant
sdonotunder
gos
econdar
ythi
ckeni
ng.
22. Expl
ainhowpl
acent
aisadapt
edt
oit
sfunct
ions
23. Stat
et herol
eofthefol
lowi
ngduri
nggerminat
ion:
(a)oxygen
(b)enzyme
24. Namet hetypeofres
ponsesexhi
bit
edby:-
(
a)(
i)Mar
inecr
absbur
rowi
ngi
ntot
hes
andt
oavoi
ddi
lut
ionoft
hei
rbodyf
lui
ds
(
ii
)Chl
amydomonaspl
antmovi
ngt
owar
dsar
egi
onofhi
ghl
ighti
ntens
ity
(
b)(
i)
Whatt
ypeofneur
oni
sdr
awnabove?
(
ii
)Us
inganar
row,s
howt
hedi
rect
ionoft
hener
vei
mpul
se
(
ii
i)Namet
hepar
tlabel
ledX

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 58
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(i
v)Stat
ethefuncti
onofpartl
abel
ledY .
(c)Gi
vetwodiff
erencesbet
weenr ef
lexact
ionandcondi
ti
onedrefl
exact
ion
25. Theexperi
mentset–upbel owwasdesignedtoinves
tigat
eanaspectofger
minat
ion.

a)Whywaspot ass ium hydroxidepellet

susedi nthisexperiment?
b)Whatwast her oleofmoi stcot t
onwoolint hisexperi
ment ?
c)i
)Bymeansofanar r
ow,i ndicat
eont hediagram thedirecti
oni nwhi
chreddye
woul
dmove
dur
ingt heexper i
ment .
i
i)Gi
ver eas onf oryourans weri nc(i
)above.
d)Otherthant hef actorinvestigat
edabove,st at
eanyot heronef act
orneces
sar
yfor
ger
minat
ion
pr
oces
s.
26. Thef
oll
owi
ngdat
arepr
esent
sthedevel
opmenti
ndr
ymas
sofger
minat
ings
eedl
ings
wi
thi
n18
weeks
:
Timei nweeks 0 1 2 4 6 1 0 1 3 15 16 1 8
Drymas si n 0.1 2 3. 2 1 0 18 32 44 45 44 38
grammes
(
a)Us ings uitablescalespl otagraphofdr ymas sagainstti
me
(
b)Wr i
ter eferencet othegr aph,explai
nt hechangesi ndr ymas sbetween:
-
(
i)Week0t o2
(
ii)Week5t o13
(
iii
)Week1 6-1 8
(
c)(i)Whati sthesignif
icanceoft i
mezer o?
(
ii)Whatdi ff
erencewoul dbeexpect edf r
om theabover esult
siftheexperiment
start
edwi t
h
thes eeds?Gi vear easonforyourans wer
(d)(i)Des cri
behowyoucar ryoutt heexper i
mentt oobtaindrymas sinthe
respect
iveweeks
(ii
)St ateoneadvant ageofus i
ngdr ymas sinsteadoffreshweightines t
imati
ng
growthofan
organi sm
27. Thedi agr am bel owrepres entsas et-
upt hatwasus edt oinvest
igat
et heeff
ectof
r
otat
ionont
he
gr
owt
hofabeanr
adi
cle.Thes
et-
upal
lowedt
hes
eedl
ingt
orot
ates
lowl
yand
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 59
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
cont
inuous
lyf
or
s
evendays

(
a)Namet hepieceofappar atusil
lustr
ated
(b)(i
)Statetheobs ervati
onmadeont hes hapeoftheradi
cleaf
ters
evendays
(i
i)Expl
aintheobs ervati
oni n(b)(i)above
(c)Suggestasuitablecont r
olforthi
sexper iment
(d)Giveanyfourimpor tanceoft r
opismi nplant
s
28. Anex peri
mentwascar ri
edoutt odet erminethegrowthrat
esofvari
etyofbamboo
andavar
iet
y ofmai
zei
ntwoadj
acentpl
ots
.Theaver
agehei
ghtandaver
agedr
y
wei
ghtofpl
ant
sfr
om t
het
wo
popul
ati
onswer
edet
ermi
nedoveraper
iodoft
went
yweeks
.Thedat
aisass
hown
bel
ow:
-
a)Ont hesameaxes
,pl
otagr apht
oshowthechangesinaver
agewei
ghtoft
he
bambooandmai ze
pl
antsovert
ime
(b)(i
)Whichofthet
woplant
shadahigherpr
oducti
vit
ybytheendoft
heexperi
ment
?

(i
i)Gi vear easonf oryourans weri n( b)(
i)above
(c)Explainthef ol
lowing:
(
i)Bet weenweeks1 4and1 8theaver ageheightofmaizeplant
sr emainedconst
ant
whi
lethe
averagedr ywei ghtincreased
(i
i)Dr ywei ghtwasus edi ns
teadoff r
eshwei ghti
nthisexperi
ment
(
ii
i)Des cribehowt heaver agehei ghtandaver agedryweightofplant
swer e
det
erminedin
t
hisexperiment ;
(d)Whywasi tappropr i
ateint hi
sexper imentt ousebothweightandhei ght
?
(e)Givear easonwhys econdarythickeningdoesnotoccuri nbambooandmai ze
pl
ant
s
29. (a)Whati smeantbyt hetermf erti
li
zati
on?
(b)(i
)Namet hetypeofcel ldivi
sionthatpr oducesgametes
(
ii
)Wher edoest hetypeofcel ldivi
sionment i
onedaboveoccurinmammals?
(c)Whathappenst othewal loftheut er
us ;
(i
)befor et hereleaseofanegg?
(i
i)ifnof er
til
izati
onoccur s?
(b)Howi st heplacent aadaptedt oitsfuncti
ons?
30. Therelati
ons hipbet weens eedf r
eshmas sinthel nl
upi upinusandpercent
ages
eed

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 60
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
ger
minat
ion,
per
cent
ages
eedl
ings
urvi
valand s
eedl
ingf
res
hmas
siss
hown i
nthe t
abl
e;
Seed Percent age Percentage of Meanseedl
ingfresh mass5
f
resh germi nati
on s eedl
ings s urvi
ving2 weeks aft
ergermi nat
ion/
mg
-
1
Massmg leafstage
Below16 41.9 84.
6 24.
3
1
7-25 90. 2 96.
8 44.
2
26-35 95. 6 98.
8 60.7
36-45 97. 5 100.0 86.4
Above45 100.0 100.0 1
06.4
a)Howwasper centageger mi
nati
oni ncolumnt wooft
hetabl
ecalcul
ated?
b)Whywass
eedf
res
hmas
spr
efer
redt
oseeddr
ymas
stot
akemeas
urement
soft
he
s
eedwei
ght
i
ntheexper
iment
c)i
)Expl
ainwhyt
he meas
urement
s ofmeans
eedl
ing f
res
h mas
s(5)weeksaf
ter
ger
minat
ed
maynothave been anaccur
ate meas
urementofgr
owt
hthathad occur
red

i
i)Howcoul
dmor
emeani
ngf
ulandaccur
atemeas
urementbeenobt
ainedi
nc(
i)
above?
d)Wi
thr
efer
encet
othef
igur
esi
nthet
ast
eindi
cat
ether
elat
ions
hipbet
weens
eed
f
res
hmas
s
andper
cent
ages
eed ger
minat
ion,per
cent
age s
eedl
ings
urvi
valands
eedl
ing
f
res
hmas
s
e)Sugges
tanexpl
anat
ionwhys
eedl
ingpr
oducedf
rom l
arges
eedsgr
owmor
erapi
dly
t
hant
he
s
eedl
ingpr
oducedf
rom s
mal
lseeds
31
. Thedi
agr
am bel
owi
ll
ust
rat
eenzymecont
rol
ledr
eact
ion

a)St
atet
her
elat
ions
hipbet
weenr
ateofr
eact
ionandenzymeconcent
rat
ion
b)Accountf
ort
her
ateofr
eact
ionsbet
ween;i
)QandR
i
i)RandS

i
ii
)UandV
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 61
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
c)Nameoneot
herf
act
ort
hataf
fect
senzymeact
ion,noti
ll
ust
rat
edabove
32. Car
eful
lys
tudyt
hef
igur
ebel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
-

Thes
eedl
ingwi
ths
trai
ghtr
adi
cleandpl
umul
ewasat
tachedt
oamachi
nehor
izont
all
y
ass
hown
above.Themachi
ner
otat
esmaki
ngoner
evol
uti
oni
n15mi
nut
es.
(
a)Dr
awhowt
hes
eedl
ingwoul
dlookl
ikeaf
teroneweek
(
b)Expl
ainyourdr
awi
ngi
n(a)above
(
c)Namet
hemachi
neus
edi
ntheexper
imentabove
(
d)Whatwoul
dhappeni
fthes
eedl
ingwasputhor
izont
all
yout
sidet
hemachi
ne
(
e)Name t
hes
timul
iinves
tigat
edandt
ype(
s)ofr
espons
eexpect
edi
ntheexper
iment

33. (
a)Gi
vet
hef
ormi
nwhi
cheachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngs
ubs
tancesat
etr
ans
por
tin
mammal
ianbl
ood:
(
i)Car
bon(
IV)oxi
de
(
ii
)Oxygen
(
b)Gi
vet
wof
unct
ionsofpl
eur
almembr
ane
(
c)Ex
plai
nwhyf
ormat
ionofcar
boxyhaemogl
obi
nint
hebl
oodofamammalr
esul
tsi
n
deat
h
(
d)Ot
herthanst
omata,namet woothergas
eousexchangesurfacesi
npl
ant
s
34. I
nanexperi
menttheradi
cleofaseedli
ngwasmarkedequidi
stantusi
ngI
ndi
ani
nkas
s
hown
i
nthedi
agr
am bel
ow:

(
a)Whatwast
heai
m oft
heexper
iment
?
(
b)Ont
hedi
agr
am bel
owmar
kont
her
adi
clet
oshowt
heappear
anceoft
hemar
ks
af
ter3days

(
c)Statet
hreecharact
eri
sti
csofcell
sfoundjus
tbehindther
ootcapofar
adi
cle
(d)Gi
vetwofact
orsinsi
deas eedthatcaus
ess eeddor
mancy

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 62
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
1
2.Genet
ics
1
. Awomanwi
thbl
oodgr
oupAgavebi
rt
htot
winsbot
hhavi
ngbl
oodgr
oupAB.
Det
ermi
net
hegenot
ypeof
:
a)Fat
her
b)Mother
2. 50blackmiceand50whi
temi
cewer
erel
eas
edi
ntoanar
eai
nhabi
tedbyapai
rof
owl
s.Af
terf
our
mont
hs,t
hemi
cei
nthear
eawer
erecapt
uredandonl
y38oft
hebl
ackmi
ceand9of
t
hewhi
te
mi
cewer
eremai
ning.
a)Howwouldthi
sobservationbeexplained?
b)Namethetheoryofevoluti
onthatsuppor t
st heres
ult
sin(a)above.
3. Stat
ethr
eemechanismst hatpreventselfpol
linat
ioninafl
owerthathasbot
hmal
e
andf
emal
e
Par
ts.
4. (a)Dist
ingui
shbetweencomplet eandi
ncomplet
edominance
(b)Stat
et wosourcesofvar
iat
ion
5. Partofones t
randofaDNAmol ecul
ewasfoundtohavethefol
lowi
ngbas
esequence.
G–T–C–A–G–T
(a)Whati st
hesequenceonm- RNAstr
andcopi
edfrom t
hisDNApor
ti
on?
(b)Statetworol
esofDNAmol ecul
e.
6. Stat
et hreewaysbywhichpl
antscompensat
eforl
ackofabil
it
ytomovef
rom one
pl
acet
o
anot
her
.
7. As tudentmixedas ampleofur inef
rom aper sonwi t
hBenedict’
ssolut
ionandheat
ed,
thecol
our
changedt oorange.
(a)Whatwaspr es
entintheur inesample?
(b)Whatdi dthestudentconcludeont hehealths t
atusoftheperson?
(c)Whi chorganinthepersonmaynotbef uncti
oningproperl
y?
8. Di f
ferenti
atebetweencontinuousanddi sconti
nuousvariati
ons
9. Member
soft
hes
ames
peci
esofor
gani
smt
endt
odi
ff
erduet
ovar
iat
ion.St
atet
hree
caus
esof
var
iat
ioni
nor
gani
sms
1
0. I
dent
if
ythet
ypeofgenemut
ati
onsr
epr
esent
edbyt
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
ds:
-
(
i)Shir
tinsteadofs ki
rt
(
ii
)Hoppi nginst
eadofs hoppi
ng
(
ii
i)Eatinsteadoftea
1
1. ADNAs tandhast hefoll
owingbasesequence: GCCTAGATCAC
Whatisthes equenceofthe: ( i)Complementar
yDNAs tr
and?
(
ii
)M-RNAs tr
andcopedformthi
sDNAs
trand
1
2. Thef
igur
ebel
owr
epr
esent
sthedi
str
ibut
ionofhei
ghtofpupi
lsi
nas
chool
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 63
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Namet het ypeofvar i

ationr epresentedbyt hecurve
(b)Out l
inet wopos si
blecaus esofvar i
ationinhei ghtofindivi
dual
sinman
13. a)Wekes aandWanj ikuwhoar es i
bli
ngsar e bot hnormalast hei
rparentsbuthavea
hemophil
ic
br
ot her.GivetheGenot ypeoft heirpar ents.
b)i)
Whatar el i
nkedgenes ?
ii
)Whatdoyouunder s
tandbyt hephas eat estcross?
14. Ther ear eatl east205knowns ex–l i
nkedr ecessivedisorder
a)Nameanyt wooft hem.
b)Statear easonwhys ex–l inkedr ecessivewhyt r
ait
st endtoeff
ectthemalechil
d.
c)Statewhyi famot herhast het r
aitallhers onswi l
lhavei t
15. Thet ablebel owi sar epresent ati
onofachr omat i
dewi t
hgenesal ongitsl
engt
h.It
under
goes
mut
ati
ont
oappearass
hownbel
ow:
Bef
oremut
ati
on L M N O P Q
Af
termut
ati
on L O N M P Q
a)Namet
het
ypeofchr
omos
omalmut
ati
onr
epr
esent
ed
b)Nameonemut
ageni
cagent
1
6. Thef
igur
ebel
owi
sas
truct
uraldi
agr
am ofapor
ti
onf
rom anucl
eicaci
dst
rand
a)Givi
ngar eas
on,namet henucleicaci
dtowhi
chtheporti
onbelongs
b)Wr i
tedownthes equenceofbasesofacomplement
aryDNAstrand
1
7. Inanexperi
ment ,pl
antswit
hredf l
owerswascr
ossedwit
hplant
swi t
hwhi
tef
lower
s.
Al
lthepl
ant
sint
heF
1gener
ati
onhadpi
nkf
lower
s.
a)Givear eas
onfortheappearanceofpi
nkflowersintheF1generat
ion
b)Ifpl
antsinF1wer
es elf
ed,st
atethephenotypi
cr at
iooft
heF 2generat
ion
c)Expl
ain; i)Whywomens houlddri
nkextr
ami l
kdur i
ngpregnancy
i
i)Apregnantwomenmi ghtwanttour i
nat
emor eoft
eni nlat
epr
egnancy

1
8. St
atet
hemeani
ngoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
ermsgi
vinganexampl
eineachcas
e:
(
a)Sex-l
inkedgenes
(
b)Multi
pleall
eles
1
9. I
nac er
tainbreedi
ngexper
iment
,apl
ants
peci
eswi
thr
edf
lower
swass
elf
ed.I
t
pr
oduced1
19
r
ed f
lower
edand41whi
tef
lower
edof
fspr
ings
.
(a)Us
inglet
terRtorepr
esental
lel
efort
her
edf
lower
s,s
tat
ethegenot
ypeoft
her
ed
f
lower
ed
par
entplant
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 64
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(b)Deter
mi nethephenotypi
crati
oofr edandwhi
tef
lower
edpl
ant
s.Showyour
worki
ng
20. Gi veanexampl eofasex -
li
nkedtrai
tinhumanon:
(i
)Y–Chr omosome
(i
i)X–Chr omos ome
21. Explainwhygr owthoflonghaironthepinnaeoft
heearsi
nhumanoccur
sinmales
onl
y
22. Expl
ainwhypr
ophas
e1ofmei
osi
scont
ri
but
est
owar
dsgenet
icvar
iat
ioni
nli
ving
or
gani
sms
.
23. Apur
eRedf
lower
edpl
antwascr
oss
edwi
thapur
ewhi
tef
lower
edpl
ant
.Al
ltheF
1

gener
ati
on
pl
ant
shadpi
nkf
lower
s.
(
a)Giveanexpl anat
ionfortheabsenceofRedandwhi t
ef l
oweredpl
antsintheF 1
generat
ion. (
b)IftheF1generat
ionpeaplant
sweres el
fed,stat
ethephenotypicrat
io
oftheF2generati
on
pl
ants.
24. ( a)Nameagenet icdis
orderduet ogenemutati
onthataff
ectsthemal
pighianlayerof
the
skininman.
(
b)Givetwof uncti
onsoftheflui
dproducedbysebaceousglands.
25. (
a)Defi
nethet er
m“ Genemutati
on.”
(
b)Namet hegeneticdis
order
sthatres
ultfrom genemutat
ioni
nhumanbei
ngs
.
26. (i
)Whatar emutati
ons
(i
i)Namet womutagens
27. Asecti
onofaDNAs tr
andcontai
nsthefol
lowingsequenceCGGATAC
(a)Wri
tet
he; (
i)Compl
ementaryDNAst
rand
(i
i)MRNAs tr
and
(
b)Namethesi
teforprot
einsynt
hesi
sinacel
l
28. I
nac
ert
ainbi
rds
peci
es,r
edf
li
ghtf
eat
her
siscont
rol
ledbygeneRwhi
lewhi
tef
li
ght
f
eat
her
sis
cont
rol
ledbygener
.Thehet
erozygousc
ondi
ti
onRrr
esul
tsi
ntopi
nkf
li
ghtf
eat
her
s.
Thet
wo
genesar
eal
sos
exl
inkedandt
rans
mit
tedonx-
chr
omos
ome.
a)Byus eoffusionl i
nes ,fi
ndt hegenot ypesofacr ossbetweenamal ewithpinkfli
ght
f
eather sandaf emalewi thwhi t
ef l
ightf eathers
b)Whi cht ypeofdomi nancei sill
ustr
at edher e?
c)i)I
dent if
yt he nucleicaci d whos ebas es equenceiss hownbelow:
G- A-C-U-A-G-A-C- G
ii
)Gi vear easonf oryourans werinc( i
)above
ii
i)Ifthenucl eicacidwasi nvol
vedi npr otei
ns ynt
hesis,howmanyami noacids
woul
dbe
pres
enti nthe pr oteins ynthes ized?Gi veareason
29. St udyt hegenet icchar tbelows howingt heinher it
anceofthegeneresponsibl
efor
haemophi
li
a

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 65
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
i
naf
ami
ly.

a)Wr
it
ethegenot
ypeofi
ndi
vidual
sA,B,F
b)Amemberoft
hisf
ami
lyl
abel
ledFmar
riesahaemophi
li
acmal
e.Whatwi
llbet
he
phenot
ypi
c
r
ati
ooft
heof
fspr
ing?Showyourwor
kings
c)Ot
hert
hant
hecondi
ti
ons
tat
edabove,s
tat
eanyot
hert
wocommongenet
ic
di
sor
der
sthat
r
esul
tfr
om genemut
ati
on.
30. Haemophi
li
aisduet
oar
eces
sivegene.Thegenei
ssex-
li
nkedandl
ocat
edonX
chr
omos
ome.
Thec
har
tbel
owr
epr
esent
stheof
fspr
ingofpar
ent
swhoar
ephenot
ypi
cal
lynor
malf
or
haemophi
ll
ia

(
i)Whatarethepar
entalgenotypes?
Explai
nyouranswerin(i)above
(
ii
)Workoutthegenotypesoftheoffspr
ing
31
. Acr
ossbet
weenar
ed-
fl
ower
edandawhi
tef
lower
edpl
antpr
oducedonl
ypi
nk
–f
lower
ed

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 66
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
F
1pl
ant
s
(
a)Therewasnei therar ednorwhi te–fl
oweredF 1pl
ants.Explai
n
(
b)TheF 1of
fspri
ngwer es elf
edtogetF 2generat
ion.Usingappr
opri
atelet
ter
symbol
s,work
outthegenot ypesofF 2generat
ion
(
c)Givethegenot ypicandphenot ypicr
ati
osofF 2generati
on
(
d)Dist
inguis
hbet weendomi nantandrecessivegenes
32. At r
ue-breedi
ngpur plemai zevarietywascross-pol
li
natedwi t
hat r
ue-
breedi
ngyell
ow
mai
ze var
iet
y.
Theoffs
pringproducedallpur
plefrui
ts.
Theplantsgrownfrom t
hes eF1gr
ainswereint
erbr
edamongeachother
.
Atypi
calcobofF 2generati
onisshownbelow:
Theyell
owf rui
tsareshadedwhilethepurpl
eonesareun-
shaded.

(a)(i
)Intermsoff l
ower sonly,st
atewhyitiseasiertoworkoutgenet ic
crossi
ngsusingmaize
(i
i)Counts eparatelytheyel
lowandpurplegr ai
nsandt heref
orefi
ndt
he
rati
onsofpurple
grai
nst oyellowgr ains
(
b)Usingappropriatesymbol,wor koutageneticcr
ossf orF2generation
(
c)Fr
om t heabovei nf
ormation,givethedominantgene
(
d)Statetwopr acti
calappl
icationsofgenet
icsi
nidenti
t ydeter
mination
33. Thef
igur
ebel
owi
sapedi
greechar
tshowi
ngi
nci
denceofal
bini
sm whi
chi
s
t
rans
mit
tedt
hrougha
r
eces
sivegene-
a.St
udyandans
werques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow;

(a)Writ
edownt hegenot ypeofper s
ons1and2.Gi veareasonforyouranswer
(b)Givingyourr easons tat
ethemos tli
kelygenot
ypeofperson3
(c)Thecrossbet weenper son15and1 6repr esentsmati
ngbetweenfir
stcousi
ns.
Comment
whyitisnotadvi s
ablef orcloserel
ati
vest omar r
y
(d)Apartf
rom albini
sm namet woothereffectsofgenemutation
34. Thetablebelows howsr esultsoftestt
odet erminebloodgroupsofpersonsYandZ.
A
t
ick(
√)
Repr
esent
s,aggl
uti
nat
ionwhi
leacr
oss(
x)r
epr
esent
snoaggl
uti
nat
ion;

Per
son Testwit
h Testwit
h Testwit
h Bl
oodgr
oup
ant
ibody(a) ant
ibody(b) Rhesusant
ibody
Y-(
mal
e) √ X √

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 67
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
X-(
femal
e) X √ X

(a)Fi
llt hebl anks pacei ntabletoshowt hebl oodgroupofthepersonsYandZ
(b)Inor dert oi nvesti
gatet heinheri
tanceofRhes usfact
or,workoutacrossbet
ween
amal
e
+ -
wi th Rh andf emalewi t
hRh . LetDr epresentthepresenceofRhes
usfact
orand
dt
o
repr esentt heabs enceoft heRhes usf actor
(c)Det erminet hegenot ypeoft hecrossi n( b)above.
(d)Whichoft hechi l
drencandonat ebloodt otheirmother?
35. Des
cri
bet
hebehavi
our
aladapt
ati
onsofani
mal
stot
emper
atur
e
36. I
nmanbl
oodgr
oupi
nher
it
ancei
scont
rol
ledbymul
ti
pleal
lel
esi
nwhi
chal
lel
eAi
sco
domi
nant
t
oal
lel
eB.a woman l
ater
ozygous f
orbl
ood gr
oupA mar
ried aman het
erozygous
f
orbl
ood
gr
oupB
a)Statethegenotypeofbot hparents
b)Us i
ngapunnets quar
e,s howt hegenotypesofF1gener
at i
on
c)Stateoneapplicat
ionofknowledgeofbl oodgroupinher
itanceinman
d)Theni t
rogenousbasesi nnucleicaci
dsareAdenine(A),cytosi
ne(
C),Guani
ne(G)
,
Thi
amine(T)andur acil(
U).InputofamoleculeofDNAt hesequenceofbas
esis
CTT.
Using thel ettersA,C,G,T,Uwher eappropr
iate,wri
tedownt hebase
sequencein;
i
)Cor respondingpar toft
hecompl ementar
ys t
randofDNAmol ecul
es
i
i)Correspondingpar tinmRNA
ii
i)Achangei nt heDNAmol ecul
escausedthebas esequenceinthetr
ipl
etsto
changefrom
CTTtoCAT.St at
eonef actorwhi
chcouldhavecaus edthechange
37. I nani nvest
igati
onpl antswithredf l
owerswerecrossedwithplant
swi t
hwhitefl
owers
.
Al
lthe
pl
ant
sint
heF
1gener
ati
onhadpi
nkf
lower
swhent
heF
1pl
ant
swer
ecr
oss
ed,he
count
ed480
pl
ant
sinF
2gener
ati
on
(
a)Us
ingappr
opr
iat
elet
ters
ymbol
s,wor
koutt
hecr
ossbet
weent
heF
1pl
ant
stoget
t
heF
2
gener
ati
on
(
b)Givet
hephenot ypi
candgenotypi
crat
iosf
ortheF2gener
ation
Phenotypicrat
io
Genotypi
cr at
io
(
c)Howmanypl antsintheF2gener
ati
onhadpinkf
lower
s?(showyourwork)
38. I
nanexperi
ment ,ablackmousewasmatedwithabrownmous e.Al
ltheof
fspr
ingsi
n
F
1

gener
ati
onwer
ebl
ack.Theof
fspr
ingsgr
ewandwer
eal
lowedt
omat
ewi
thone
anot
her
.Thet
otal
F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 68
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
numberofF
2gener
ati
onof
fspr
ingwer
e96.
(a)Us i
nglett
erBt odenotethegeneforblackcol
our
.Wor
koutt
hegenot
ypeoft
heF
1
gener
ation.
(
Useapunnets quar
e)
(b)Statethefoll
owingfortheF2gener
ati
on
(i
)Genotypicrati
o
(ii
)Phenotypicrati
o
(i
ii
)Thetotalnumberofbr ownmice

39. ( a)Dist
inguishbetweenHomol ogouss t
ructur
esandanalogousstr
uct
ur es.Givean
example
ineachcas e.
Homol ogousstructur
es
Example
Analogouss t
ructures
Exampl e
(b)Explai
nwhypar asitesdevelopr es
istancetocert
aindrugsaf
teralongt i
meof
expos
ure.
(c)(i
)Whati snon—di s
junct
ion?
(ii
)Giveoneexampl eofagenet icdisorderas
soci
atedwit
hnon- dis
juncti
on .

1
3.Evol
uti
on
1
. a)Disti
ngui
shbet weenhomol ogousand analogous st
ruct
ures i
nevol
uti
on.
b)Nameoneves ti
gialstr
uct
urei nmammal s
.
2. a)Give twoexampl esofadapt i
veradi
ati
onin animals.
b)Statetwodisadvantagesofus i
ngfos
sil
sasevi denceofevol
uti
on
3. Dis
tingui
shbetweencamouf lageandmi micr
y.
4. St
atet
her
oleofl
ighti
nphot
osynt
hes
is
5. (
a)Namet heregi
onoft hegutwher edigesti
onofcel
lul
osetakespl
ace.
(
b)Stat
er ol
eofcardiacsphi
ncterinthes t
omach.
6. (
a)Givetwolimi
tat
ionsoffossi
lrecordsasevidenceofevol
uti
on
(
b)St
ateanyt
wos
imi
lar
it
iesi
nst
ruct
urebet
weenHomoer
ect
usandHomoSapi
ens
7. (a)(i
)Whatismeantbyvest
igi
alstruct
ures?
(i
i)Gi
veanexampleofavesti
gialst
ructurei
nhuman
8. Dist
ingui
shbet
weenthestr
uggleforexistenceands
urvi
valf
ort
hef
it
tes
tasus
edi
n
t
het
heor
yof
nat
urals
elect
ion
9. Gi
vet
wof
act
orst
hatdet
ermi
newat
err
eabs
orpt
ioni
nthedi
stalconvul
atedt
ubul
e
1
0. Di
sti
ngui
shdi
ver
gentandconver
gentevol
uti
on
1
1. (a)Whataretheadvantagesofnatur
als el
ecti
on
(b)Al
lins
ectsarebeli
evedt ohavearisenfrom acommonancest
or.However,modern
i
nsects
di
ff
erwidel
yinavarietyofwayss uchasi ntheadapt
ati
onoft
heirmouthpar
tsfor
di
ff
erent

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 69
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
modesoffeedi
ng.Whatkindofevol
uti
onisthi
s?
1
2. Expl
ainwhyLamackstheor
yofevoluti
onisnotaccept
edbyBi
ologi
stst
oday.
1
3. a)i)Whati smeantbyves ti
gals t
ruct ures
i
i)Giveanexampl eofves ti
gals t
ructureinhuman
b)Explainwhycer t
ain drugsbecomei neff
ect
ivein cur
ingadis
easeaft
ermanyyear s
ofuse
14. ( a)Whati sorgani
cevol ut
ion?
(b)Briefl
yexplai
nthet erm“ survivalfort hefi
ttest
”asus edi
nDarwi
n’stheoryof
natur
al
select
ion
15. Expl ai
nwhyi nsecti
cidesbecomei neffecti
veagainsti
nsectsi
fusedf
orseveralyear
sin
s
ucces
sion
1
6. St
atet
hreel
imi
tat
ionsoff
oss
ilsr
ecor
dsasanevi
denceofor
gani
cevol
uti
on
1
7. St
atet
hreepi
ecesofevi
dencet
hats
uppor
tthet
heor
yofor
gani
cevol
uti
on
1
8. Whati
smeantbynat
urals
elect
ion?
1
9. (
a)Expl
ainwhyLamar
ckst
heor
yofevol
uti
oni
snotaccept
edt
oday
(
b)St
atet
wol
imi
tat
ionsoff
oss
ilsr
ecor
dsasevi
denceofor
gani
cevol
uti
on
20. I
nabr
eedi
ngexper
iment
,pl
ant
swi
thr
edf
lower
swer
ecr
oss
ed.Theypr
oduced1
23
pl
ant
swi
thr
edf
lower
sand41wi
thwhi
tef
lower
s:
(a)I
dent if
yt her eces si
vet rait
(b)Givear eas onforyourans wer
(c)I
fwhi tef l
ower edpl antswer eself
ed,whatwoul dbet hegenotypeofthei
roffs
pri
ng?
Showyour wor kingus i
ngappr opriat
es ymbols( R,r)
(d)Whati sat estcr oss?
21. a)Whati sor ganicevol uti
on?
b)Des cribet hevar i
ousevi denceswhi chs upportthetheoryoforgani
cevoluti
on.
22. ( a)Whati smeantbyt het erm naturals el
ecti
on
(b)Des cribehownat uralselectionbr i
ngsaboutt headaptati
onsofas peci
estoits
envi
ronment
(c)Di
s ti
ngui shbet weenconver gentanddi vergentevoluti
on
(d)Discus sfourevi dencest os howt hatevoluti
onhast akenplace
23. Explaint hevar i
ousevi dencef oror ganicevoluti
on
24. (a)Whatisorganicevoluti
on
(b)Expl
ainwhyr esi
stancet oanti
biot
icsi
scons i
deredasanexampl
eofevol
uti
on
(c)Li
standexplainvariousevidencesoforgani
cevolut
ion
25. Purebreedredfloweredpl ant
swer ecrosspoll
inat
edwithpur
ebreedwhi
tefl
owered
pl
ant
s.
The result
ingFloff
spring’
shadpi nkflowers.
(a)Usi
ngletterRtor epresentthegenef orredcolourandlet
terW tor
epresentgene
f
orwhi
te
col
ouroffl
ower s.Wor koutthegenot ypeoftheF1generat
ion
(b)I
fseedsfrom theF lgenerat
ionplantswer epl
antedandall
owedt os
elfpoll
inat
e.
Wor
kout
thephenotypicratiooftheF2g enerat
ion

1
4.I
rri
tabi
li
tyandsens
iti
vit
yin(a)plant
s ( b)ani
mals
F
orMoreEr es
ourcesCall0705525657 70
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
1
. Gi
vet
wof
unct
ionsoft
heexos
kel
etoni
nar
thr
opods
.
2. Whens
hoot
sofyoungpl
ant
sar
eexpos
edt
ouni
dir
ect
ionall
ightt
heybendt
owar
ds
l
ight
;
a)Namet hetypeofrespons
eexhibi
tedbytheyoungs
hoots
b)Expl
ainthecauseoftheobser
vati
onabove
3. Studyt
hedr awingbel
owandus eitt
oanswerthequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow:
-

a)Namet hepar
tlabeledX.
b)Descri
bethechangest hatoccurinthestruct
ureXindimli
ght.
c)Whatismeantbyt heterm accommodat i
onwi t
href
erencetot
heeye?
4. (a)St
atetwodif
ferencesbetweent axesandtropi
sms
(b)Gi
vetwos ur
vivalval
uesoftacti
cmov ement stoor
ganisms
5. Thediagr
am bel
owr epresentsatypeofneur one.

(
a)(i)i
denti
fytheneur onabove.
(ii
)Giveareas onforyouranswerina( i
)above.
(
b)Wi t
hanar r
ow,i ndi
cateont hedi
agram t
hedi r
ecti
onofanimpulsethr
oughthe
neurone.
(
c)Namet hechemi calsubst
ancethatbri
ngsabouttransmi
ssi
onofimpulseacr
ossa
synapse
6. As tudentwastraveli
ngfrom Nair
obitoMombas a.Asthebusdescendeddownhil
lhe
f
eltan
unpl
eas
ants
ens
ati
oni
ntheear
.
(
a)Howdidt
hesensati
oncomeabout
? *
(
b)Howcantheunpl
easants
ens
ati
onber
eli
eved?

7. Anex
per
imentwascar
riedoutt
oinves
tigat
eagr
owt
hres
pons
einmai
zes
eedl
ingas
s
hown

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 71
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
i
nthedi
agr
am bel
ow:

(a)Statethet ypeofresponset
hatisbei
nginvest
igated
.
...
..
..
..
.
(b)Explai
nt her es
ponseexhibi
tedbytheshoot
8. Stat
et hreegenet i
cdisorder
scausedbygenemut at
ions
9. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howst
hepos
iti
onofani
magef
ormedi
nadef
ect
iveeye:
-

(
a)Namet hedef ect
(
b)Explainhowt hedef ectnamedi n( a)abovecanbecor rect
ed
1
0. (a)Statet hr
ees tructuraldif
ferencesbet weenar ter
iesandveinsinmammals
(b)Nameadi s
eas et hatcaus esthi
ckeni ngandhar deningofart
eri
es
1
1. (a)Namet hepar toft heeyei nwhi cht helightsensi
ti
vecellsarel
ocat
ed
(b)Listthet wot ypesofs ens orycellsfoundi nthepartnamedin(a)above
1
2. Thedi agram belowi ll
ustrat
esacer taineyedef ect

(a)Statethedef ect
(b)Ont hediagram i l
lus
tratehowthedefectcanbecorr
ected
(c)Stateoneadv antageofhavingtwoeyesi nhumanbeings
1
3. Br i
efl
yexplai
nt her oleoft hef
oll
owingpartofski
n
a)Corni
fi
edlayer
b)Malpi
ghianlayer
1
4. Stat
ethefunctionsoft
hef
oll
owi
ngs
truct
uresoft
hemammal
ianear
a)Eust
achiant
ube
b)Essi
cles
1
5. a)Dis
tingui
shbet
weencondi
ti
onedands
impl
eref
lexes
b)St
atehowt
hener
vecel
lst
ruct
urei
ssui
tedt
oit
sfunct
ionofi
mpul
set
rans
mis
sion
1
6. (
a)Namet
hepar
toft
hemammal
ianeyet
hat
:
(
i)Tr
ansmit
simpulsestot
hebrain
(
ii
)Regul
atestheamountofli
ghtent
eri
ngt
heeye

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 72
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(b)Stat
ethechangest hatoccurinthepartoft
heeyenamedi
n(a)(
ii
)abovewhen
onemoved
fr
om bri
ghtl
ighttodiml ightcondi
ti
ons
16. Namet hetypeofresponseexhi bi
tedbythefol
lowi
ng:
(
a)Apoll
entubegrowingt
owardstheembryosac
(
b)Maggotsmovi
ngfrom l
its
ideofaboxtothedarks
ide

1
7. Ar
espons
eexhi
bit
edbyacer
tai
npl
antt
endr
ili
sil
lus
trat
edbel
ow:

(i
)Namet hetypeofr
esponse
(ii
)Expl
ainhowtherespons
enamedin(i
)aboveoccur
s
1
8. Arespons
eexhibi
tedbyacertai
npl
antt
endri
lisi
ll
ust
rat
edbel
ow:
-

Namet
het
ypeofr
espons
e
1
9. Removaloft
heapi
calbudf
rom as
hrubi
sapr
act
icet
hatr
esul
tsi
nthedevel
opmentof
many
l
ater
albudswhi
chl
aterf
orm br
anches
(a)Givereasonsf
orthedevelopmentoflater
albranchesaft
ert
her
emovaloft
he
api
calbud
(b)Suggestoneappli
cat
ionofthispract
ice?
20. I nanaccidentavict
imsuff
eredbraininj
ury.Cons
equent l
yhehadl
ossofmemory
whi
ch
par
toft
hebr
ainwasdamaged?
21
. Aper s
onwasablet
oreadabookcl
ear
lyatarm’sl
engthbutnotatnor
malr
eadi
ng
di
stance (
a)St
atet
heeyedef
ectt
hepers
ons uf
fer
edfrom

(
b)Whywasheunabletoreadthebookcl
ear
lyatnor
maldi
stance?
(
c)Howcant
hedefectbecorrect
ed?

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 73
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

22. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
sas
impl
eref
lexar
c;

(a)Namet hepartslabel
edAandB
(b)Expl
ainhowani mpuls eistr
ans mit
tedacr
osst
hegaplabel
edC
23. (a)Stat
etwof unct
ionsofamammal i
anear
(b)Howisthecochl easuit
edtoi t
sfuncti
on
24. Stateonefuncti
onofpotas si
um ionsinthehumanbody.
25. St
atet
wof
unct
ionsofvi
tami
nB5 (
pant
otheni
caci
d).
26. (
a)Whatisthebi
ologi
cali
mportanceoft
act
icr
espons
es?
(b)Aper
sonhadanaccidentandhadprobl
emswit
hhisvi
sion,hear
ingandmemor
y.

I
dent
if
yt hepar
tofthebrai
nthatwasaff
ect
ed
27. I
dent
if
ythefol
lowingres
ponsesshownbyplant
s:- (
a)Shoot
sgr
owt
owar
dsl
ight
(
b)Rootsgrowtowardsgr
avi
ty
(c)Tendr
ili
nter
twi
nearoundanobj
ect
28. Namet
het
ypeofr
espons
esexhi
bit
edby:
-
(
a)(
i)Marinecrabsburrowingi nt
ot hes andtoavoiddil
uti
onoft
heirbodyf
lui
ds
(ii
)Chlamydomonaspl antmovi ngt owar
dsar egi
onofhighli
ghtint
ensi
ty
(
b)(
i)Whattypeofneur onisdrawnabove?
(ii
)Us i
nganar row,showt hedi recti
onofthenerveimpul
se
(
iii
)Namet hepar tl
abelledX
(
iv)Statethefuncti
onofpar tlabelledY .

(
c)Gi
vetwodif
fer
encesbetweenref
lexacti
onandcondit
ionedrefl
exacti
on
29. I
nanexper
imenttoi
nvest
igatet
heef f
ectofheatonger
mi nat
ionofseeds,1
2bags
each
Containi
ng60peas eedswereplacedi nawaterbat hmaint nedat85oC.
ai
Aft
erever ytwominut
esabagwasr emovedands eedscontai
nedinitpl
ant
ed.The
numberthat
germinatedwasrecor
ded.Theprocedur eusedforpeas eedswasrepeat
edforwat
tle
seeds
.The
resul
tswer easshowninthetabl
ebel ow:-
Numberofs eedsthatgerminated
Ti
me( mi
n) Peas eeds Watt
leseed
0 60 0

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 74
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
2 60 0
4 48 0
6 42 2
8 34 28
10 10 36
12 2 40
14 0 44
16 0 46
18 0 48
20 0 49
22 0 47
(
a)Us i
ngasuit
ablescal
eands ameaxes ,dr
awgr aphsofnumberofs eedsthat
ger
minatedagai
nst
t
imeinhotwaterforeachpl
ant
(
b)(i)Atwhatti
mewouldnumberofs eedsthatger mi
natedforeachpl antbes ame?
(
ii
)Howmanywat tl
es eedswouldhaveger minatedifthe13th bagwasavail
ableand
was
removedands eedscont
ainedinitplantedat24mi nutes ?

(
c)Ex pl
ainwhyt heabi lit
yofpeas eedst hatgerminateddeclinedwi t
ht i
meof
exposuretoheat
(
d)Ex pl
ainwhyt heabi lit
yoft hewat tleseedst ogermi natei
mpr ovedwitht i
meof
exposure
toheat
(
e)Accountf ort hes hapeoft hegr aphforthewat tleseedswhichger minat
ed
between20- 24
minutes
(
f)Someoft hepeas eedswer eal l
owedt ogerminateandpl acedi nalargeairti
ght
fl
ask
andleftforf ourdays :
-
(i
)Sugges ttheexpect edchangesi nthecompos it
ionofgas esi nt
hef las
kont he
fi
ft
hday
(i
i)Givereas onsf oryourans weri n(f)
(i)above
(
g)Namet hreef actorsothert hanthoseinvestigatedin(a)abovewhi chwould
aff
ectdormancy
30. Howi sthemammal ians kinadaptedt oitsfuncti
ons?
31
. Expl
ainhowt
hemammal
ians
kini
sadapt
edt
oit
’sf
unct
ions
32. Expl
aint
hes
truct
ureandf
unct
ionsoft
hehumaneye.
33. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howst
hepos
iti
onofani
magei
nadef
ect
iveeye.

(
a)(i
)Namet hedefect
(i
i)Stat
ethecaus esofthedefect
(
b)Explai
nhowt hedefectina(i)abovecanbecor
rect
ed.
(
c)Statethefunct
ionsofcones
(
d)Howar enocturnalanimal
sadaptedtoseei
ng?

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 75
 isabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
5.Suppor
tandmovementin(a)Pl
ants (
b)animal
s
1
. Expl
ainhowt
hef
oll
owi
ngt
iss
uesar
eadapt
edt
opr
ovi
demechani
cals
uppor
tinpl
ant
s:
-
a)Par
enchyma
b)Col
lenchyma
c)Sel
erenchyma
2. Thedi
agram bel
owr
epr
esent
sabonei
nthemammal
ians
kel
eton

a)I
denti
fyt
hebonewi t
har eason
b)St
atethef
unctionofthepar
tlabeledD
3. Thedi
agram bel
owrepresent
samammal i
anbone

(a)Identi
fytheboneshownabove
(b)Statethefunct
ionoft hepar t
slabell
edRandS
(c)Statetheregi
onoft hebodyi nwhichthebonei sfound
4. (i)Namet wobonesthatf ormt heballands ocketj
ointinthefor
eli
mbofamammal
(ii
)Namet hef
lui
dthatisf oundintheabovement i
onedj oi
ntandit
sfunct
ion
5. StatethreetypesofskeletonfoundinKi ngdom ani
mal i
a
6. St
atet
hreedi
ff
erencesbet
weenanani
mal
’smus
clecel
landpl
ant
’spal
isadecel
l
7. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
samammal
ianbone

(a)Namet hebone
(b)(i
)Whi chbonear t
icul
ateswiththebones hownint hedi agram atthenotch
(i
i)Namet het ypeofj oi
ntfor
medwhent hebonesi nb( i)art
icul
ate
8. (a)Namet hehar dout ercoveri
ngoft hemember softhephyl um Ar t
hropoda
(b)Statetwor olespl ayedbyt hestructurenamedi n(a)above
9. (a)Statetherol eofl i
gnininthewal lofthexylem ves
s el
(b)Howdoesvas cularbundlescontributetosupporti
npl ants
1
0. (a)Dist
inguis
h bet weent endonsandl igaments
b)Stateonewayt hroughwhi chherbaceouspl ant
sachi eves upport

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 76
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
1
1. Namet
he;
a) i)Materi
alusedtos t
rengt
henthexylem ti
ssue
ii
)Tis
s uethati
sr emovedwhent hebarkofadicotyl
edonousplanti
sri
nged
b)Statet
hear easoftheplantwheretransl
ocat
edmat eri
alsar
etaken
1
2. Givet
hreeimpor t
anceofmammal ianskelet
on
1
3. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
stheant
eri
orvi
ewofar
ib

Namet
hepar
tlabel
led X

1
4. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
saboneobt
ainedf
rom amammal

a)Namet
hebone

b)Namet he:
i)Boneswhi chart
icul
atewi
ththebonenamedi
n(a)aboveatt
hecavi
tyl
abel
ledK
ii
)Jointf or
medbyt hetwobonesatK
c)Stat
ef uncti
onsofpartl
abel
ledJ

1
5. Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
saboneobt
ainedf
rom amammal
ians
kel
eton:

(a)Identi
fythebone
(b)Namet he:
(
i)Bonei tart
icul
ateswithatpoi
ntA
(i
i)Typeofj oi
ntthatfor
msatpointBinart
icul
ati
onwit
hotherbones
1
6. Thedi agr
am belowr epres
entsaboneobtai
nedform amammal

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 77
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)I
dent
if
ythebone
(
b)Namethestr
uct
ureslabeledXandW
(
c)Namethebonethatart
iculat
ewi
ths
truct
urel
abel
edZ

17. ( a)Namet hever t

ebrainamammal ianbodythati
scharacter
isedbypr
esenceof
odont
oid
process
.
(b)Stat
et hefunctionoftheodont
oidproces
s
18. a)Namet hrees upporti
ngtis
suesinplant
s
b)Studythedi agram bel
owandans werthequest
ionswhichfoll
ow:

i)I
denti
fythemuscler epr
esentedbyXandY
ii
)Descri
behowmus clesxandycaus estr
aight
eningoft
hejoi
ntz
c)Namet hejoi
ntz
1
9. ( a)Whatistheimportanceoflocomoti
oninanimal
s ?
(
b)Explai
nhowabonyf i
shisadaptedf ormovementinit
shabit
at

1
6.Humanheal
th
1
. a)Name the caus ati
veagentofchol era.
b)Namet heintermediat
ehos tsinthel i
fecycl
eofthefol
lowi
ngparasi
tes;
i)As cari
slumbri
coides.
ii)Schist
osomahaemat obi
um.
c)Howdoest hepar asi
teplasmodium vivaxgai
n entryintoi
tshost
?
2. Thegraphbelows howsbodyt emperatureofapat
ientsuff
eri
ngfr
om malari
a

(
a)Whatsympt
om ofthediseaseisshowni nt
hegraph?
(
b)Nametheorgani
smt hatcausesmalar
ia
(
c)Sugges
tonemethodofcont r
oll
ingspreadofmal
aria

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 78
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
3. Namet hecausat i
veagentoft yphoid
4. Mal ari
aisacommondi seaseinKenya:-
(a)Whatcaus est hedi sease?
(b)St at
eonecont rolmeas ureofthediseas e
5. a)Namet hecaus ative agents ofthefol
lowi ngdiseas
ei nhumans:
-
i
)Typhoid;
ii
)Amoebi cdys enter y;
b)Namet hedis easei nhumancas edbypl asmodium f
alci
parum
6. Bel owar ediagramsofdi seasecaus i
ngmi cro-or
ganisms.Usethem t
oans
wert
he
ques
tionst hat f
ollow:

(a)Statethekingdom t owhichtheyar efound.

(b)Namet hediseasescausedbyt heorganisms:AandB
(c)Stat
eonewayi nwhichthedi seasenamedfororgani
sm Bcanbeprevent
ed
7. Expl
ainwhyi tisimpor t
anttogof orvoluntar
ycounseli
ngandtesti
ng(VCT)on
HI
V/AI
DS
8. Nameonehumandi seasecausedbyeac hofthefol
lowi
ngparasi
tes.
(a)Plasmodium fal
ciparum……………………………………………………
(b)Ent
amoebahi st
olyti
ca…………………………………………………….

F
ORMARKI NGSCHEMES
CALL0705525657

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657 79