CHE 309 - PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY
PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION
LECTURE 01
PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION
1) Particle Shape
q Use of a shape factor called sphericity, ϕs
q For spherical particle, ϕs = 1.0
q For non-spherical particle, sphericity is defined as:
EXAMPLE 1
Determine the sphericity of the cube:
Solution: Φcube = ?
SAs = π Ds2 SAs (Vs=Vp)
Φcube =
SAp
SAP = 6 s2 =6 DP2
Vs = (π/6) Ds3 π Ds2
Φcube =
6 DP2
VP = s3 = DP3
π (6/π)2/3DP2
Vs = Vp Φcube =
6 DP2
(π/6) Ds3 = DP3 Φcube = 0.806
Ds3 = (6/π) DP3
Ds = (6/π)1/3 DP
PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION
Bulk (or Apparent) Density, ρb
q Total mass per unit of total volume of sample
q not intrinsic characteristic of material
q varies with the size distribution of the particles
q differs from the true density of the material due to the presence of void
spaces
PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION
2) Particle Surface Area
q In a sample (mass m and bulk density ρp)
of uniform particles of size Dp:
q Total number of particles:
q Total surface area:
q For mixture of particles having different Dp, specific surface area, Aw is
defined as :
xi = mass fraction in an increment
Dpi = arithmetic average of the
smallest and largest particle
diameters in an increment
PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION
3) Average Particle Size
i. Volume-Surface Mean Diameter, Ds :
ii. Arithmetic Mean Diameter, DN :
PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION
3) Average Particle Size
iii. Mass Mean Diameter, Dw :
iv. Volume Mean Diameter, DV :
PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION
4) Number of Particles in a Mixture
q The volume of a particle is proportional to its “diameter” cubed
a = volume shape factor
(constant according to shape)
Example: π/6 for sphere
EXAMPLE 2
Problem:
The screen analysis shown in the applies
to a sample of crushed quartz. The
density of the particles is 2650 kg/m3
(0.00265 g/mm3), and the shape factors
are a = 2 and Φ= 0.571. For the material
between 4-mesh and 200-mesh in
particle size, calculate
(a) Aw in square millimeters per gram
(b) Nw in particles per gram
(c) DV
(d) DS
(e) DW
(f) Ni for the 150/200-mesh increment
(g) What fraction of the total number of
particles is in the 150/200-mesh
increment?
Solution:
6 x
Aw= Φ ρ ∑ i ∗ DV=
𝟏 𝟏/𝟑
Dpi* xi xi / Dpi*3 xi / Dpi* xi Dpi* s P DPi ∑ xi∗3
6 x DPi
Aw= 0.571 x 0.00265 ∑ D i ∗
4.013 0.0251 0.00039 0.00625 0.10073 Pi 1
Aw= 3965.24 ∑ D i ∗
x DV = (8.79320)1/3
2.845 0.1250 0.00543 0.04394 0.35563 Pi
3965.24 DV = 0.4845 mm
Aw = 1−0.0075 (0.8278)
2.007 0.3207 0.03967 0.15979 0.64364
1.409 0.2570 0.09188 0.18240 0.36211 AW = 3307.23 mm2/g
1.001 0.1590 0.15852 0.15884 0.15916 𝟏
DS =
∑ xi ∗
0.711 0.0538 0.14968 0.07567 0.03825 DPi
1
1 x DS = 0.8278
0.503 0.0210 0.16501 0.04175 0.01056 Nw= a ρ ∑ i∗3
P DPi DS = 1.21 mm
0.356 0.0102 0.22607 0.02865 0.00363 1 x
Nw= 2 x 0.00265 ∑ D i∗3
Pi
0.252 0.0077 0.48116 0.03056 0.00194
x
Nw= 188.68 ∑ D i ∗3
0.178 0.0058 1.02841 0.03258 0.00103 Pi
188.68
0.126 0.0041
Nw= 1−0.0075 (8.79320) Dw= ∑ xi Dpi∗
2.04961 0.03254 0.00052
0.089 0.0031 4.39736 0.03483 0.00028 NW = 1672 particles/g DW = 1.6775 mm
TOTAL 8.79320 0.82780 1.6775
Solution:
Dpi* xi xi / Dpi*3 xi / Dpi* xi Dpi*
1 2 x
N2= a ρ
4.013 0.0251 0.00039 0.00625 0.10073 P DP2∗3
1 0.0031
2.845 0.1250 0.00543 0.04394 0.35563 N2= 2 x 0.00265 0.0893
2.007 0.3207 0.03967 0.15979 0.64364
1.409 0.2570 0.09188 0.18240 0.36211 N2 = 830 particles/g
1.001 0.1590 0.15852 0.15884 0.15916
0.711 0.0538 0.14968 0.07567 0.03825 830
x2= 1672
0.503 0.0210 0.16501 0.04175 0.01056
0.356 0.0102 0.22607 0.02865 0.00363 x2 = 0.4964
0.252 0.0077 0.48116 0.03056 0.00194
0.178 0.0058 1.02841 0.03258 0.00103
0.126 0.0041 2.04961 0.03254 0.00052
0.089 0.0031 4.39736 0.03483 0.00028
TOTAL 8.79320 0.82780 1.6775
SEATWORK:
1. Repeat Example 1 and solve for the sphericity of:
a. cylinder with equal height and diameter
b. cylinder with diameter equal to 5 times the height
c. cone with equal height and diameter
2. Repeat Example 2 given the volume shape factors:
a. cylinder with equal height and diameter (a = 0.785)
b. cylinder with diameter equal to 5 times the height (a = 0.311)
c. cone with equal height and diameter (a = 0.405)
*take note of which properties change with shape
HOMEWORK:
Given the screen analysis below calculate the
a) sphericity Φ
b) specific surface area (mm2/g),
c) number of particles per g,
d) volume-surface mean diameter (mm),
e) arithmetic mean diameter,
f) mass mean diameter,
g) volume mean diameter,
h) number of particles per g of mesh 28/35 and
i) the fraction of total number of particles for mesh 28/35.
The value for the volume shape factor a is 0.51 (cylinder with diameter = 5xheight) with density of 3100 kg/m3.
Exclude particles collected in the pan.
Screen opening Avg. particle size
Mesh (microns) (microns) Weight fraction retained
6/8 2362 2845 0.017
8/10 1651 2006 0.235
10/14 1168 1410 0.298
14/20 833 1000 0.217
20/28 589 711 0.105
28/35 417 503 0.062
35/48 295 356 0.028
48/65 208 252 0.017
65/100 147 178 0.010
100/150 104 126 0.005
150/200 74 89 0.002
Pan 0.004
1.0
