BLOOD TYPING Google Slides
1901 - Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups
Scenario: During icy conditions, a multiple car accident occurred on the freeway.
Victims are being rushed to the hospital where they will be treated for the injuries,
many will need a blood transfusion. How do we know what blood types to give each
patient?
What is an antigen? markers on the surface of a blood cell that generate antibodies
What are antibodies? proteins that can attach to foreign invaders in blood.
If a person is type B, what antibodies do they produce? Anti-A
What is agglutination? Blood clumping together.
O Negative Blood is the universal donor. Why is there no agglutination on the card? It has no
antigens and doesn’t produce antibodies.
Why is it deadly to receive the wrong type of blood in a transfusion? Your blood will clump and stop blood flow.
Why is Type AB blood called the “universal acceptor?” It has no antibodies and can receive any type of blood.
What is erythroblastosis fetalis? antigens of a fetus may cause the mother to produce antibodies.
The Genetics of Blood Types
Blood Type is Controlled by 3 Alleles
Alleles: A, B, O
A & B are codominant
O is recessive
Practice Question: A woman with type A blood is married to a man with type AB blood, what are ALL the blood types
possible among their children?
BLOOD SAFETY
EXAMPLES OF BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Avoid contact with blood that is not your
HEPATITIS B (HBV) HEPATITIS C (HCV) own. Treat every person as if they might
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) be carrying an infectious disease.
MALARIA
OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIALS
Blood Typing - Blood groups in humans are the result of a multiple allele trait that is also
codominant. O is recessive and A and B alleles are codominant. For each cross described,
indicate the percentage in the children.
1. A man with type A (genotype AO) blood is married to a woman with type O blood. What are the
blood types of their children and in what proportion?
A O
O AO OO Type A Type B Type AB Type O
O AO OO 50% 0% 0% 50%
2. A man with type AB blood is married to a woman with type O blood. What are all the possible blood types of their
children?
A B
O AO BO Type A Type B Type AB Type O
O AO BO 50% 50% 0% 0%
3. A man with type A blood is married to a woman with type B blood. If both of these individuals are heterozygous,
what are the blood types of their children?
A O
B AB BO Type A Type B Type AB Type O
O AO OO 25% 25% 25% 25%
4. If both parents are type O, what are the blood types of their children?
O O
O OO OO Type A Type B Type AB Type O
O OO OO 0% 0% 0% 100%
5. If both parents are type AB, what are the blood types of their children?
A B
A AA AB Type A Type B Type AB Type O
B AB BB 25% 25% 50% 0%
