American International University- Bangladesh (AIUB)

Faculty of Engineering (EEE)

Course Name : Electromagnetic Fields and Waves Course Code : EEE2202

Semester : Summer 22 Sec :
Faculty : Dr. M. Tanseer Ali Assignment No : 1
OBE Assessment [CO5 - P.b.2.C4]
Assignment Name : Formulate solution, procedures, and methods for a related EMFW
application with the use of mathematical calculation.
Knowledge Profile: K2 Complex Problem: NA
Student Name: Md Yeasin Araf Emon Student ID: 20-41911-1
Submission Date: 26-08-2023 Due Date : 15-08-2023

Marking Rubrics (to be filled by Faculty):

Assessment Proficient Good Acceptable Unacceptable No Response Secured
[5] [4] [2-3] [1] [0] Marks
Ability to Successfully Demonstrates some Demonstrates partial Demonstrates minimal Fails to demonstrate
simulate the demonstrate the ability to simulate the ability to simulate the or no understanding the ability to simulate
design complete simulation of design with design without of the simulation the design.
the design with appropriate results and appropriate results and
appropriate results and analysis. analysis.
analysis.
Explanation of Relates the first Demonstrates some Unaware of Demonstrates minimal Fails to identify and
the design principles that are ability to Relates and appropriateness of the or no ability to explain the method &
Method & most applicable to Applies the first first principles that are identify with partial procedure
Procedure by systematic, theory- principles but may not most applicable to explanation of the
relating the based formulation of adequately explain the theory-based method & procedure
EMFW engineering method & procedure. formulation of
principles fundamentals required engineering
with the proper fundamentals; but still
explanation of the tries to explain the
method & procedure. method & procedure
Identify the Applies the Demonstrates some Unaware of Demonstrates minimal Fails to identify or use
Mathematical Mathematical ability to Relates and appropriateness of the or no ability to the Mathematical
equations of equations that are most Applies the Mathematical identify or use the equations that are most
EMFW which applicable to Mathematical equations that are most Mathematical applicable to theory-
will relate with systematic, theory- equations but may not applicable to theory- equations that are most based formulation of
the chosen topic based formulation of implement based formulation of applicable to theory- engineering
[K2] engineering systematically. engineering based formulation of fundamentals
fundamentals required fundamentals; but still engineering
in the engineering tries to utilize partially fundamentals
discipline.
Presentation Presentation logically Presentation was well Presentation has some Key ideas not very Presentation rambles.
and skillfully structured and key structure. Key ideas remarkable. Not organized; key
structured. ideas are compelling, generally identifiable. Introduction, ideas are difficult to
Introduction, and articulated with Introduction, supporting details identify, and are
supporting details and exceptional clarity and supporting details and/or summary unremarkable. No
summary are clearly concision. and/or summary may missing. clear introduction,
evident and be too broad, too supporting details and
memorable. detailed. summary.
Comments: Total Marks
(Out of 20):
Students are required to prepare an online presentation and submit a report on “Design antenna in CST Microwave
sudio for the Applications of Electromagnetic Fields and Waves”. Students must need to
i) Identify mathematical equation for antenna design [K2]
ii) Design a solution for Application related to EMFW.
iii) Analyze simulation results

Selection of EMFW applications according to students serial given:

1. Wifi Router
2. GSM 2G Mobile Antenna
3. GSM 3G Mobile Antenna
4. GSM 4G Mobile Antenna
5. GSM 5G Mobile Antenna
6. TV Antenna
7. DTH Antenna
8. Bluetooth Antenna
9. Satellite Communication
10. Medical Application
11. Antennas for Emergency Communications\
12. Multiband Antennas
13. Wideband Antennas
14. Backpack Antennas
15. Body Area Network
16. Directional
17. UWB Antenna
18. GPS Antenna
19. High Frequency (HF)
20. Very High Frequency (VHF)
21. Ultra High Frequency (UHF)
22. Underwater Communication
23. AM Radio
24. FM Radio
25. Analog Television Antenna
26. mmWave Antenna
27. Vehicle Radar
28. MRI
29. Ultra-sonography
30. Radar
31. LoRa
32. Walkie-talkie
33. Space Station
34. Mars Rover
35. Metal Detector
36. RF ID
37. Tetra Hertz Application
38. Microwave Link
39. Wireless power transfer
40. Mimo Antenna
00670 - ELECTROMAGNETICS FIELDS AND WAVES [A] [Valid Student List]

SL# Student ID Name Topics

1 17-34177-1 HOSSAIN, SABBIR Wifi Router

2 17-35919-3 AZFAR, ASIF GSM Mobile

3 18-38096-2 RAHMAN, TAZ TAMIM RF ID

4 18-38210-2 AHMED, SHAHIN Wireless Power charger

5 19-41407-3 CHOWDHURY, NAIMUL ISLAM LoRa

6 19-41642-3 ROY, AYON GPS

7 20-41911-1 EMON, MD. YEASIN ARAF Body area network

8 20-43735-2 MITHUN, MOBIN AL- UWB

9 20-43758-2 ISLAM, MD. TAUHIDUL MiMo

10 20-43844-2 RAIHAN, RAKIB Bluetooth

11 20-44027-2 NAHID, MD. Radar

12 20-44056-2 Alam, Shahin MRI

13 20-44074-2 SHAHARIAR, ABDULLAH AL Space Station

14 21-44696-1 HAFIZ, ABEED BIN GSM 5G

3 GHz and 6 GHz body area network
application
Abstract:
Body Area Networks (BANs) have emerged as a result of the combination of wireless communication
technologies with healthcare applications. Wearable and implantable devices enable real-time health monitoring
and data sharing in these networks. The antenna is the fundamental component that enables communication inside
BANs, with the patch antenna distinguishing out for its compactness and efficiency. This project report focuses
on a thorough examination of a patch antenna intended for BANs. The paper investigates the antenna's
characteristics, simulation results, and potential adjustment for improved performance through extensive design,
modeling, and analysis. The findings add to the advancement of BAN capabilities and their influence on
healthcare and well-being.

Introduction:
Body Area Networks (BANs) have emerged as a game-changing option in wireless communication and healthcare
technologies. A Body Area Network is made up of interconnected wearable and implantable devices that gather,
monitor, and communicate important health data in real time. Because of its size and mobility, the patch antenna
is fundamental to the operation of these networks. This project report looks into the design, modeling, and analysis
of a patch antenna for use in a Body Area Network. The article discusses the goals, antenna design parameters,
modeling approaches, and the importance of improving antenna performance to improve healthcare monitoring
and data interchange.
Patch Antenna Design Parameters and Equations:
Designing a patch antenna entails defining critical characteristics such as patch size, substrate qualities, and feed
line dimensions. In the construction of a rectangular patch antenna, the following equations and relationships are
typically used:
1. Length (L) and width (W) of the patch:
The length and width of the patch are determined using the following formulas:
• Patch Length (L) ≈ λg / 2
• Patch Width (W) ≈ λg / 2
Where λg is the guided wavelength, which is given by:
• λg = c / f
• c: Speed of light (~3 x 10^8 m/s)
• f: Frequency of operation (in Hz)
2. Effective Dielectric Constant (εeff):
The effective dielectric constant takes into account the influence of the substrate and air above it. It can be
approximated using:
• εeff = (εr + 1) / 2

3. Resonant Frequency (fr):

The resonant frequency of the antenna is given by:
• fr ≈ c / (2 * √(εeff) * L)
4. Substrate Thickness (h) and Dielectric Constant (εr):
• The substrate thickness and dielectric constant are integral to the antenna's design and are typically
determined based on the desired resonant frequency and substrate material.
5. Feed Line Length (Lf):
The length of the microstrip feed line can be calculated using:
• Lf = (c / (4 * fr)) * (1 - 1 / √(εeff))
Methodology:
Determine the frequency range for the Body Area Network application, taking into account regulatory limits and
unique network requirements.
Substrate Material Selection:
Select a substrate material that has an adequate dielectric constant and a low loss tangent to support the necessary
frequency range.
Calculating Patch Dimensions:
Using equations, compute the patch length and breadth depending on the specified frequency and substrate
parameters. The length of a rectangular patch may be estimated using the formula: Length (c / (2 * Frequency))
* (1 - 1.646 * (h / )0.5), where 'c' is the speed of light, 'Frequency' is the operating frequency, 'h' is the substrate
thickness, and '' is the dielectric constant of the substrate.
Design of the Feed Mechanism: Select a suitable feeding technology, such as a microstrip line. Based on the
geometry of the antenna, determine the size and placement of the feed line.
Radiation Patch Design: Change the size and form of the patch to get the required resonant frequency and
impedance matching. Analyze the antenna's performance using electromagnetic simulation tools.
Simulation: Use electromagnetic simulation tools (e.g., CST Studio Suite, HFSS) to model the behavior of the
antenna. Consider factors such as return loss, radiation pattern, and gain. Iteratively adjust dimensions and
substrate qualities to improve performance.
Iteratively modify the patch size, substrate material, and feed method to improve resonance, impedance matching,
and radiation efficiency. The optimization procedure is guided by the simulation findings.
Fabrication and Testing: Fabricate the optimized antenna design and conduct real-world testing to validate its
performance against simulation results.

Radiation pattern:

Fig 1
 Fig 2

Simulation:

Fig 3: 3 GHz Farfield Radiation

Fig 3: 6 GHz Farfield Radiation

Result and Analysis:

Fig 4: S Parameters (Magnitude)

Fig 5: Power in W
Fig 6: Radiation Efficiency in dB (Magnitude)

Fig 6: Total Efficiency in dB (Magnitude)

 Fig 7: Y Parameters (Magnitude)

Fig 7: Z Parameters (Magnitude)

Conclusion:
The use of Body Area Networks in remote health monitoring demonstrates how wearable and implantable
technologies have the potential to change healthcare. BANs enable both patients and healthcare providers to make
educated decisions and enhance overall health outcomes by providing continuous data gathering, real-time
analysis, and remote intervention.

Reference:
1.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body_area_network
2.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2020.00290/full
3.https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1312395/FULLTEXT01.pdf
4. https://www.antenna-theory.com/antennas/patches/antenna.php

Simulation file link:

https://aiubedu60714-my.sharepoint.com/:u:/g/personal/20-41911-
1_student_aiub_edu/EbUu_dWYyuVHsNVXsINGEhoBRJ5XP8alRAyyQtoRwEkOJg?e=fW5y0x

Presentation file link:

https://aiubedu60714-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/20-41911-1_student_aiub_edu/EXQpdWE0-
wxHvP4z5v3R6KkB20dBv8qLXdGqXMByCsMh8A?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBc
HAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFs
TW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0RpcmVjdCJ9fQ&e=WIRUXQ