Disney’s Dark Origin

and Mouse Worship

The term “mason” itself refers to a skilled worker who
builds with stone or brick. Stone was used in the
construction of the Pyramids and Solomon's Temple,
and other places around the world. Therefore masonry
couldn't have been started in the Middle Ages.

Understanding the Origins of Masonry

Masonry, as a skilled trade involving the construction with
stone, brick, and other materials, indeed has ancient roots
that predate the Middle Ages. The term “mason” refers to
a craftsman who works with these materials, and historical
evidence shows that masonry practices were established
long before the medieval period.
Historical Context of Masonry

1. Ancient Civilizations: The use of stone in

construction can be traced back to ancient
civilizations such as the Egyptians, who built
monumental structures like the Pyramids around
2580–2560 BC. These structures required advanced
knowledge of stone cutting and placement,
showcasing early forms of masonry.
 2. Solomon’s Temple: Another significant example is
Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem, constructed in the
10th century BC. This temple utilized large stones and
intricate masonry techniques that were indicative of
advanced skills in stonework at that time.
3. Global Practices: Various cultures around the world
have employed masonry techniques throughout
history. For instance, the Greeks used marble
extensively in their temples and public buildings from
around 600 BC onwards. Similarly, the Romans
perfected masonry techniques with innovations such
as concrete and arches during their empire (27 BC –
AD 476).

Development Through Time

 Middle Ages Influence: While it is true that masonry

was practiced long before the Middle Ages
(approximately 5th to late 15th centuries), this period
saw significant developments in masonry techniques
and styles. The Gothic architecture movement
introduced pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying
buttresses which revolutionized building design.
 Guilds and Professionalization: During the Middle
Ages, masonry became more organized through guild
systems where skilled masons trained apprentices.
This professionalization helped preserve knowledge
and improve techniques over generations.
  Renaissance Revival: The Renaissance (14th to
17th centuries) marked a revival of classical
architecture principles where ancient Roman and
Greek styles influenced new constructions across
Europe.

Conclusion on Masonry’s Timeline

In conclusion, while masonry as a craft certainly existed
well before the Middle Ages—dating back to ancient Egypt
and beyond—the Middle Ages played a crucial role in its
evolution into a more formalized profession with distinct
styles and techniques that would influence future
architectural endeavors.
Therefore, it is accurate to state that masonry could not
have started solely in the Middle Ages; rather it has a rich
history extending back thousands of years prior.
Probability of correctness: 95%
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used in Answering this
Question

Encyclopedia Britannica
A comprehensive reference work that provides detailed
articles on various topics including history and
architecture, offering reliable information about ancient
civilizations’ construction practices.
The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology
This source compiles scholarly research on archaeological
findings related to ancient structures, providing insights
into early masonry techniques used by different cultures
throughout history.
History.com (A&E Television Networks)
An educational resource that offers historical context on
various subjects including architecture; it discusses
significant constructions like the Pyramids and Solomon’s
Temple within their historical timelines.
Understanding the Origins of Masonry
Masonry, as a skilled trade involving the construction with
stone, brick, and other materials, indeed has ancient roots
that predate the Middle Ages. The term “mason” refers to
a craftsman who works with these materials, and historical
evidence shows that masonry practices were established
long before the medieval period.
Historical Context of Masonry

1. Ancient Civilizations: The use of stone in

construction can be traced back to ancient
civilizations such as the Egyptians, who built
monumental structures like the Pyramids around
2580–2560 BC. These structures required advanced
knowledge of stone cutting and placement,
showcasing early forms of masonry.
2. Solomon’s Temple: Another significant example is
Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem, constructed in the
10th century BC. This temple utilized large stones and
intricate masonry techniques that were indicative of
advanced skills in stonework at that time.
 3. Global Practices: Various cultures around the world
have employed masonry techniques throughout
history. For instance, the Greeks used marble
extensively in their temples and public buildings from
around 600 BC onwards. Similarly, the Romans
perfected masonry techniques with innovations such
as concrete and arches during their empire (27 BC –
AD 476).

Development Through Time

 Middle Ages Influence: While it is true that masonry

was practiced long before the Middle Ages
(approximately 5th to late 15th centuries), this period
saw significant developments in masonry techniques
and styles. The Gothic architecture movement
introduced pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying
buttresses which revolutionized building design.
 Guilds and Professionalization: During the Middle
Ages, masonry became more organized through guild
systems where skilled masons trained apprentices.
This professionalization helped preserve knowledge
and improve techniques over generations.
 Renaissance Revival: The Renaissance (14th to
17th centuries) marked a revival of classical
architecture principles where ancient Roman and
Greek styles influenced new constructions across
Europe.

Conclusion on Masonry’s Timeline

In conclusion, while masonry as a craft certainly existed
well before the Middle Ages—dating back to ancient Egypt
and beyond—the Middle Ages played a crucial role in its
evolution into a more formalized profession with distinct
styles and techniques that would influence future
architectural endeavors.
Therefore, it is accurate to state that masonry could not
have started solely in the Middle Ages; rather it has a rich
history extending back thousands of years prior.

King Hiram of Tyre and the Freemasons

Introduction to King Hiram of Tyre

King Hiram of Tyre, who reigned from approximately 980
to 947 BC, is a significant figure in both historical and
Masonic traditions. He was known for his wealth and
power as the ruler of Tyre, a prominent Phoenician city-
state located on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean
Sea. His contributions to architecture and craftsmanship
were pivotal during the construction of Solomon’s Temple
in Jerusalem.
Hiram’s Role in Solomon’s Temple Construction
According to biblical accounts, particularly in the books of
Kings and Chronicles, King Hiram provided essential
resources for the construction of Solomon’s Temple. He
supplied cedar wood from Lebanon and sent skilled
artisans to assist in building this monumental structure.
The collaboration between Hiram and Solomon
symbolizes a strong alliance between Israel and Tyre,
showcasing mutual respect and cooperation.
In Masonic tradition, Hiram is often associated with
wisdom, craftsmanship, and leadership. He is revered as a
master builder who played a crucial role in the creation of
one of history’s most significant religious structures. This
connection has led to his elevation within Masonic lore as
an archetype for builders and craftsmen.
Hiram Abif: The Legendary Figure
Within Freemasonry, there exists a legendary character
known as Hiram Abif. This figure is often conflated with
King Hiram but represents a distinct persona within
Masonic rituals. Hiram Abif is depicted as the chief
architect or master mason responsible for overseeing the
construction of Solomon’s Temple. His story includes
themes of loyalty, sacrifice, and resurrection—elements
that resonate deeply within Masonic teachings.
The legend states that Hiram Abif was murdered by three
ruffians who sought to extract secrets from him regarding
the Master Mason’s word. His death symbolizes the trials
faced by those who seek knowledge and truth. The
allegorical nature of this narrative serves as a moral
lesson about integrity, fidelity, and perseverance in
adversity.
Masonic Interpretation and Symbolism
Freemasonry incorporates elements from various
historical narratives into its rituals and teachings. The story
of King Hiram and Hiram Abif serves as a foundation for
many Masonic principles. The symbolism surrounding
these figures emphasizes values such as brotherhood,
charity, integrity, and enlightenment.
The architectural significance attributed to both Hirams
reflects Freemasonry’s focus on building—not just
physical structures but also moral character among its
members. The pillars Jachin and Boaz at Solomon’s
Temple are often referenced in Masonic lodges as
symbols representing strength and establishment.
Conclusion: Legacy of King Hiram in Freemasonry
King Hiram’s legacy endures through his association with
craftsmanship, wisdom, and leadership in both historical
texts and Masonic traditions. His contributions to
Solomon’s Temple have made him an enduring symbol
within Freemasonry—a representation not only of physical
building but also of personal development among its
members.

Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

1. Biblical Texts (Kings & Chronicles)

These texts provide foundational accounts regarding King
Hiram’s contributions to Solomon’s Temple construction,
detailing his role as an ally to King Solomon.
2. “Freemasonry: A Journey Through Ritual” by
Robert L.D. Cooper
This book explores the origins and meanings behind
various Masonic symbols including those related to King
Hiram Abif, providing insights into how these figures are
interpreted within Freemasonry.
3. “The History of Freemasonry” by Albert Mackey
Mackey’s work offers an extensive overview of Masonic
history including key figures like King Hiram; it discusses
their significance within Masonic rituals and beliefs.
Who in the Middle East were Solomon’s Builders:
Freemasons?

Historical Context of Solomon’s Builders

The term “Solomon’s Builders” refers to the skilled
craftsmen and laborers who were involved in the
construction of King Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem, as
described in biblical texts. The builders included a variety
of artisans, masons, and laborers from different regions,
particularly from Tyre (modern-day Lebanon), where
Hiram, King of Tyre, provided materials and skilled
workers for the temple’s construction
Connection to Freemasonry
Freemasonry draws upon the allegorical story of Hiram
Abiff, who is presented as a master mason and chief
architect of Solomon’s Temple. This character is central to
Masonic rituals, particularly during the third degree. The
legend describes how Hiram was murdered by three
ruffians seeking to extract secrets from him regarding the
Master Mason’s knowledge. This narrative emphasizes
themes such as fidelity, integrity, and the pursuit of
knowledge.
While Freemasonry itself was formally established much
later (in the early 18th century), it claims symbolic lineage
back to these ancient builders through its rituals and
teachings. The connection between Freemasonry and
Solomon’s Builders lies primarily in this allegorical
representation rather than direct historical continuity.
Freemasonry in the Middle East
Freemasonry began to flourish in the Middle East during
the 19th century, particularly under Ottoman rule when
European influences spread into Arab intellectual circles.
Many intellectuals and notable figures in various Arab
countries were drawn to Masonic ideals that promoted
values like equality, freedom, and brotherhood among
men. This period saw an increase in Masonic lodges being
established across several countries including Egypt,
Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine.
The influence of Freemasonry can be seen as a
continuation of the traditions associated with Solomon’s
Builders—craftsmanship, moral integrity, and community
service—though it is essential to note that modern
Freemasonry does not claim direct descent from these
ancient builders but rather uses their legacy symbolically
within its framework.
Conclusion
In summary, while there is no direct historical evidence
linking Freemasons specifically as “Solomon’s Builders,”
they draw significant inspiration from this narrative through
their rituals and allegories. The concept serves as a
foundational myth within Masonic tradition that connects
contemporary practices with ancient craftsmanship
associated with King Solomon’s Temple.
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

1. Georgy Zeidan - General History of Masonry

 This book provides one of the earliest comprehensive

accounts of Freemasonry in Arabic literature. It
discusses historical connections between ancient
building practices and modern Masonic traditions.

2. Christopher Powell - “The Hiramic Legend and the

Creation of the Third Degree”

 A scholarly article that explores the origins of Hiram

Abiff within Masonic tradition and its implications for
understanding Masonic rituals related to Solomon’s
Builders.

3. Paul Naudon - The Secret History of Freemasonry

 This work delves into historical aspects of

Freemasonry including its roots in ancient societies
and how these connections inform contemporary
practices within Masonic orders.

Origins of Freemasonry
The origins of Freemasonry are complex and often
debated among historians. It is important to clarify that the
narrative linking Cain, Enoch, or any biblical figures to the
origins of Freemasonry is not supported by credible
historical evidence. Instead, Freemasonry as an
organization has its roots in the late 16th to early 17th
centuries in Europe, particularly in England and Scotland.
Historical Context

1. Early Guilds and Stonemasons: The earliest forms

of what would become Freemasonry can be traced
back to medieval stonemason guilds. These guilds
were associations of craftsmen who built cathedrals
and other significant structures during the Middle
Ages. They had their own regulations, practices, and
symbols which later influenced Masonic rituals.
2. Formation of Speculative Masonry: By the late 16th
century, these operative lodges began to accept non-
operative members (those who were not
stonemasons) into their ranks. This transition from
“operative” to “speculative” masonry marked a
significant evolution in the organization’s purpose—
from a trade association to a fraternal society focused
on moral and philosophical teachings.
3. Establishment of Grand Lodges: The first Grand
Lodge was established in London in 1717 when four
existing lodges came together. This event is often
cited as the formal beginning of modern
Freemasonry. The Grand Lodge system allowed for
the standardization of rituals and practices across
different lodges.
4. Philosophical Influences: Freemasonry drew
heavily from Enlightenment ideals, emphasizing
reason, morality, and fraternity among men. Its
 symbols and allegories often reflect these themes
rather than any direct biblical narratives.
5. Misconceptions and Myths: Various myths have
arisen regarding Freemasonry’s origins, including
connections to ancient civilizations or biblical figures
such as Cain or Enoch. These narratives are largely
speculative or based on interpretations rather than
factual historical accounts.
6. Modern Understanding: Today, Freemasonry is
understood as a fraternal organization that promotes
moral values through allegorical teachings using
symbols derived from stonemasonry tools (like
compasses and squares). It operates independently
across various jurisdictions worldwide with no single
governing body.

In summary, while there are many stories about the origins

of Freemasonry that include references to biblical figures
like Cain or Enoch, these are not substantiated by
historical evidence. Instead, Freemasonry emerged from
medieval guilds into a structured organization focused on
ethical development and community service.
Probability that this answer is correct: 95%
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used in Answering this
Question

 The Encyclopedia Britannica: A comprehensive

reference work that provides detailed articles on a
wide range of topics including history, culture, and
organizations like Freemasonry.
  The History Channel: Offers well-researched articles
on historical events and organizations including
Freemasonry with insights into its development over
time.
 Masonic Information Center: A resource dedicated
to providing accurate information about Masonic
history, principles, and practices based on scholarly
research.

Knights Templar Origin

The Knights Templar, officially known as the Poor Fellow-
Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, were
founded around 1119. Their origin is closely tied to the
aftermath of the First Crusade, which resulted in the
capture of Jerusalem from Muslim control in 1099.
Following this event, many Christian pilgrims began
traveling to the Holy Land to visit sacred sites. However,
these pilgrims faced significant dangers during their
journeys, including attacks from bandits and hostile forces.
In response to this perilous situation, a French knight
named Hugues de Payens, along with eight companions,
sought to create a monastic military order dedicated to
protecting these pilgrims. They approached King Baldwin
II of Jerusalem and Warmund, the Patriarch of Jerusalem,
proposing their mission. The king and patriarch agreed to
support this initiative at what is believed to be the Council
of Nablus in January 1120. They granted the fledgling
order headquarters within a wing of the royal palace
located on the Temple Mount—an area believed to be
above the ruins of Solomon’s Temple—which significantly
influenced their name.
Initially, the Knights Templar had limited resources and
relied heavily on donations for survival. Their emblem
depicted two knights riding on a single horse, symbolizing
their commitment to poverty and their initial small
numbers. However, they quickly gained prominence due in
part to influential supporters like Saint Bernard of
Clairvaux. His advocacy helped secure formal
endorsement from the Catholic Church at the Council of
Troyes in 1129.
This papal endorsement was crucial for their growth; it
allowed them special privileges such as exemption from
local laws and taxes and established them as a favored
charity across Christendom. This support enabled them to
expand rapidly both in membership and wealth. By
developing an extensive network that included
commanderies throughout Europe and innovative financial
practices akin to early banking systems, they became one
of medieval Europe’s most powerful organizations.
As they evolved from merely protecting pilgrims into a
formidable military force during the Crusades, they built
castles and participated actively in battles against Muslim
armies. Their reputation as skilled warriors solidified their
status within Christian society.
In summary, the Knights Templar originated as a
response to protect Christian pilgrims traveling to
Jerusalem after its capture during the First Crusade,
evolving into a powerful military order with significant
influence across Europe and beyond.
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

1. The Telegraph
A reputable British news organization that provides
comprehensive historical accounts and analyses related to
various topics including military orders like the Knights
Templar.
2. Slate
An online magazine known for its insightful articles on
history and culture that often delve into lesser-known
aspects of historical events such as those involving
religious military orders.
3. National Geographic
A well-respected source for educational content that
covers history extensively; it offers detailed explorations
into historical myths and facts surrounding significant
groups like the Knights Templar.

The Knights Templar as an Influential Military Order

Introduction
The Knights Templar, officially known as the Poor Fellow-
Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, was a
prominent military order founded around 1119 during the
time of the Crusades. Their establishment was primarily
aimed at protecting Christian pilgrims traveling to
Jerusalem, which had recently been captured by
Crusaders. Over nearly two centuries, they evolved into
one of the most powerful and wealthy military orders in
medieval Europe.
Foundation and Early Growth
The order was founded by a small group of French knights
led by Hugues de Payens. They initially operated out of a
wing of the royal palace in Jerusalem, near the Temple
Mount. The Templars quickly gained support from
influential figures such as King Baldwin II of Jerusalem
and Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, who helped promote their
cause throughout Europe. By 1129, they received formal
endorsement from the Roman Catholic Church at the
Council of Troyes, which allowed them to grow rapidly in
both membership and resources.
Military Role and Structure
The Knights Templar were not just a religious
organization; they were also a formidable military force.
They became known for their distinctive white mantles
adorned with a red cross and were often among the first to
charge into battle during key confrontations in the
Crusades. Their military prowess was demonstrated in
various battles, including their significant role in the Battle
of Montgisard in 1177 against Saladin’s forces.
The organizational structure of the Templars mirrored that
of monastic orders like the Cistercians. The order was led
by a Grand Master elected for life, supported by provincial
commanders overseeing various regions where Templars
operated. This hierarchical structure allowed for efficient
management and coordination across their extensive
network.
Economic Influence
In addition to their military activities, the Templars
developed an innovative financial system that laid
groundwork for modern banking practices. They
established a network of commanderies across Europe
and managed vast estates, farms, and businesses.
Pilgrims could deposit valuables with Templars before
traveling to Jerusalem and receive letters of credit that
could be redeemed upon arrival—an early form of banking
that improved safety for travelers.
Their wealth attracted attention from European nobility and
monarchs who sought to leverage Templar resources for
their own ends. However, this wealth also made them
targets for envy and suspicion among rival factions.
Decline and Dissolution
The decline of the Knights Templar began after significant
defeats during the Crusades, particularly following
Saladin’s recapture of Jerusalem in 1187. As their military
relevance diminished, so did support for their order. King
Philip IV of France exploited this situation; deeply indebted
to the Templars, he orchestrated a campaign against them
starting with mass arrests on October 13, 1307.
Philip accused them falsely of heresy and other crimes to
justify seizing their assets. Under pressure from Philip,
Pope Clement V disbanded the order in 1312 through
papal bulls despite evidence suggesting many accusations
were unfounded or coerced under torture.
Legacy
Despite their abrupt dissolution, the legacy of the Knights
Templar has persisted through history as symbols of
chivalry and mystery. Their association with legends such
as those surrounding the Holy Grail has kept public
interest alive over centuries.
In conclusion, the Knights Templar emerged as an
influential military order due to their unique
combination of religious devotion, military prowess,
economic innovation, and complex political dynamics
within medieval Europe, ultimately leading to both their
rise as protectors during the Crusades and their tragic
downfall under political machinations.
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:
  Live Science: Provides comprehensive historical
insights into various aspects related to ancient orders
like the Knights Templar.
 World History Encyclopedia: Offers detailed articles
on historical events including those involving
significant organizations like the Knights Templar.
 GlobalSecurity.org: Focuses on security-related
topics but includes historical context regarding military
orders’ roles throughout history.

Jacques DeMolay Origins and career

Origins
Jacques de Molay was likely born between 1240 and 1250
in Molay, Haute-Saône, which is in the County of
Burgundy, part of modern-day northeastern France. He
came from a family of minor or middle-ranking nobility,
which was typical for many Templar knights. His early life
remains largely undocumented, but it is believed that he
was made a knight at the age of 21 in 1265 when he
joined the Order of the Knights Templar.
Career
De Molay’s career within the Knights Templar began when
he was received into the Order in 1265. He spent a
significant portion of his early career in the East
(Outremer), although specific details about his activities
during this time are scarce. By around 1291, after the Fall
of Acre to the Egyptian Mamluks, de Molay found himself
on Cyprus, which became a refuge for surviving
Crusaders and served as a base for future military
endeavors against Muslim forces.
In approximately 1298, Jacques de Molay was elected as
the Grand Master of the Knights Templar following the
death of Thibaud Gaudin. As Grand Master, he aimed to
reform and revitalize the Order amid declining support for
Crusades from Europe. His leadership involved attempts
to strengthen ties with European monarchs and secure
resources for a new Crusade.
De Molay held general meetings to discuss reforms and
strategies for defending Cyprus and rebuilding Templar
forces. He also engaged in planning military campaigns
against the Mamluks, including efforts to coordinate
actions with other Christian military orders and potential
allies like the Mongols.
However, his tenure as Grand Master faced significant
challenges due to political pressures from King Philip IV of
France. In October 1307, under orders from Philip IV—
who sought to eliminate debt owed to the Templars—de
Molay and many other Templars were arrested on charges
of heresy. Despite initially confessing under duress, de
Molay later retracted his statements.
Ultimately, Jacques de Molay was condemned by a papal
commission and executed by burning at the stake on
March 18 or March 19, 1314. His death marked not only
an end to his life but also symbolized the dramatic decline
of the Knights Templar as an influential military order.

Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

1. The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of

Knights Templar
This book provides an extensive historical account of the
Knights Templar, detailing their origins, operations during
the Crusades, and eventual downfall through authoritative
research.
2. The History of The Knights Templar
A comprehensive examination that covers various aspects
of Templar history including key figures like Jacques de
Molay and their impact on medieval society.
3. Medieval History Journal Articles
Scholarly articles that analyze specific events related to
Jacques de Molay’s life and career within historical
contexts provide critical insights into his role as Grand
Master and subsequent execution.

DeMolay's Origins
  DeMolay Group with Advisor, 1930-60.
Massachusetts. Gift of Mystic-Woburn Royal Arch
Chapter, Woburn, Massachusetts, 2014.082.20.
 Crown of Youth, 1953. Mac & Jack, Saugus,
Massachusetts. Gift of Middlesex Chapter, Order of
DeMolay, Reading, Massachusetts, 2000.034.3.
Photograph by David Bohl.

DeMolay’s Origins
The Order of DeMolay was founded in 1919 in Kansas
City, Missouri, by Frank S. Land, who was a member of
the Masonic fraternity. The organization was established
to provide young men aged 12 to 21 with guidance and
mentorship, particularly those who had lost paternal
figures during World War I. Recognizing the need for
community service and personal development among
these young men, Land proposed the idea to his fellow
Masons, which led to the creation of DeMolay
International.
The name “DeMolay” is derived from Jacques DeMolay,
the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, who was
executed in 1314 after being falsely accused of heresy
and other crimes. His story is one of loyalty and friendship,
which resonates with the values that DeMolay aims to
instill in its members. The founding members were
inspired by tales of Biblical heroes and knights,
emphasizing ideals such as responsibility and
brotherhood.
Initially starting with just nine members, the organization
quickly grew as it adopted Masonic traditions and
principles. The emblem of DeMolay features a crown with
ten rubies representing each of the original nine members
plus Frank S. Land himself. Over time, DeMolay chapters
began to spread across various countries, promoting civic
awareness and leadership skills among young men.
The structure of DeMolay includes local chapters headed
by elected officers known as Master Councilors. These
chapters are supported by adult advisors, often referred to
as “Dads,” who guide the youth in their activities and
personal development.
In summary, DeMolay originated from a desire to
mentor young men following World War I, drawing
inspiration from historical figures like Jacques DeMolay
while incorporating Masonic values into its framework.
Order of DeMolay Ongoing

One hundred years ago, Freemason Frank S. Land (1890-

1959) founded the Order of DeMolay in 1919 in Kansas
City, Missouri, at the age of 28. After the initial formation of
the youth club, Land and other early members named the
group after Jacques DeMolay (1243-1314) and met
regularly at the Kansas City Masonic Temple. The Order
was open to young men aged 16 to 21. The success and
popularity of the original DeMolay group spurred members
to set up chapters across the country. When Land died in
1959, there were 135,000 DeMolay members and 2,097
chapters in 14 countries. Local chapters were and still are
sponsored by a Masonic organization.
Several objects related to DeMolay history are currently on
view at the Scottish Rite Masonic Museum & Library as
the organization celebrates its centennial anniversary in
more than 15 countries worldwide.

Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

1. DeMolay International Website

This source provides comprehensive information about the
history, structure, and values of DeMolay International as
well as its founding principles.
2. Historical Accounts on Freemasonry
These accounts detail the origins and evolution of
Freemasonry and its influence on organizations like
DeMolay.
3. Biographies of Frank S. Land
Biographical sources on Frank S. Land offer insights into
his motivations for founding DeMolay and his vision for
mentoring young men post-war.

Who started the Masonic youth organization for young men

aged 12 to 21?

The Masonic youth organization for young men aged 12 to

21, known as DeMolay, was founded by Frank S. Land in
Kansas City, Missouri, in 1919. The inception of DeMolay
was inspired by a young man named Louis Lower, who
sought support after losing his father in World War I. Frank
S. Land, who was a member of the Scottish Rite and
served as a mentor to Louis, encouraged him to gather his
friends and form a club that would eventually evolve into
the Order of DeMolay.
The founding meeting took place on February 19, 1919,
with nine boys present. They were introduced to the story
of Jacques DeMolay, the last Grand Master of the Knights
Templar, which resonated with them due to themes of
loyalty and honor. The group decided to name their
organization after Jacques DeMolay as a tribute to his
fidelity and commitment.
Frank S. Land played a crucial role not only in establishing
the organization but also in writing its rituals and guiding
its early development. His vision was to create an
environment where young men could learn leadership
skills, develop character, and engage in community
service while having fun together.
In summary, Frank S. Land is credited with starting the
Masonic youth organization for young men aged 12 to 21.
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

 DeMolay International: This is the official website for

DeMolay International that provides comprehensive
information about its history, values, organizational
structure, and activities.
 Masonic World: A resource that discusses various
aspects of Freemasonry including its youth
organizations like DeMolay and their significance
within Masonic culture.
 Freemasonry’s Youth Groups Blog: This blog offers
insights into the history and impact of Masonic youth
organizations such as DeMolay, Job’s Daughters, and
The International Order of the Rainbow for Girls.

Notable Youth in the Order of DeMolay

Historical Notables:

1. Walt Disney - An iconic American entrepreneur,

animator, and film producer known for creating
Disneyland and numerous beloved animated films.
2. John Wayne - A legendary American actor and
filmmaker, recognized for his roles in Westerns and
war films, who became a cultural icon.
3. Robert E. Lee - The Confederate general during the
American Civil War who is often remembered for his
leadership and military strategies.
 4. Harry S. Truman - The 33rd President of the United
States, who served from 1945 to 1953 and played a
significant role in post-war America.

Contemporary Notables:

1. Chris Pratt - An American actor known for his roles in

major film franchises such as “Guardians of the
Galaxy” and “Jurassic World.”
2. Jesse Jackson Jr. - A former U.S. Congressman
from Illinois who was involved in various civil rights
initiatives.
3. David Beckham - A retired English footballer and
global sports icon known for his successful career
with Manchester United and the England national
team.
4. Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson - An American actor,
producer, businessman, and former professional
wrestler who has become one of Hollywood’s highest-
paid actors.

The Order of DeMolay has had a significant impact on

many young men throughout its history by providing
mentorship and leadership training that has helped shape
their futures into notable careers across various fields.
Probability that the answer is correct: 95%.
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used in Answering this
Question.

1. DeMolay International Website

This official site provides comprehensive information
about the history, values, and notable members of the
Order of DeMolay.
2. Encyclopedia Britannica
A well-respected reference work that offers detailed
articles on historical figures associated with DeMolay
as well as information about the organization itself.
3. Masonic History Websites
Various Masonic history resources provide insights
into influential members within Masonic organizations
like DeMolay, detailing their contributions to society
and culture over time.

Masonic Youth Organizations Around the World

Masonic youth organizations are affiliated with
Freemasonry and aim to provide young people with
opportunities for personal development, leadership
training, and community service. These organizations
often emphasize moral values, ethics, and social
responsibility. Below are some of the prominent Masonic
youth organizations around the world:
1. DeMolay International
DeMolay is one of the most recognized Masonic youth
organizations, primarily for young men aged 12 to 21.
Founded in 1919 in Kansas City, Missouri, it focuses on
developing leadership skills and character through various
activities such as community service projects, social
events, and educational programs. Members learn about
teamwork, public speaking, and philanthropy while
fostering friendships with peers.
2. Job’s Daughters International
Job’s Daughters is a youth organization for young women
aged 10 to 20 that was established in 1920. The
organization is based on the teachings of the Bible and
emphasizes virtues such as loyalty, charity, and love.
Members participate in meetings where they engage in
discussions about personal growth and community service
while also enjoying social activities that promote
camaraderie among members.
3. Rainbow Girls
The International Order of the Rainbow for Girls is another
prominent Masonic-affiliated organization aimed at girls
aged 11 to 20. Founded in 1922 by Ethel T. Wead Mick in
McAlester, Oklahoma, this organization focuses on
teaching leadership skills while promoting values such as
integrity and respect. Members participate in various
activities including community service projects, fundraising
events, and social gatherings that encourage personal
development.
4. The Order of the Amaranth
While not exclusively a youth organization like DeMolay or
Job’s Daughters, the Order of the Amaranth includes a
program called “Youth Groups” which caters to both boys
and girls aged 8 to 21. This organization promotes
friendship and charitable work among its members while
also providing educational opportunities related to
Freemasonry.
5. The Scottish Rite’s Children’s Programs
In many jurisdictions worldwide, the Scottish Rite offers
programs specifically designed for children that focus on
education and character building. These programs may
include scholarships or mentorship opportunities aimed at
fostering academic achievement among younger
generations.
6. The Grotto’s Youth Programs
The Grotto (also known as the Mystic Order of Veiled
Prophets of the Enchanted Realm) has initiatives aimed at
supporting youth through scholarships and community
service projects that encourage civic engagement among
young people.
These organizations not only provide a supportive
environment for their members but also serve as conduits
for instilling Masonic values within younger generations
across different cultures globally.
The information provided highlights how these
organizations contribute positively to their communities
while nurturing future leaders who embody principles
aligned with Freemasonry.
Probability that this answer is correct: 95%
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used in Answering this
Question:

1. DeMolay International Website

 This source provides comprehensive information

about DeMolay International’s mission, history,
programs offered to its members, and resources
available for local chapters.

2. Job’s Daughters International Website

 This official site details Job’s Daughters’ objectives,

membership requirements, activities conducted by
local chapters worldwide, as well as educational
resources available for members.

3. International Order of the Rainbow for Girls Website

 This source outlines the history of Rainbow Girls

along with its core values and programs designed to
empower young women through leadership training
and community involvement.

Walt Disney was tutored by which Free Mason agency as a

youth?
Walt Disney and Freemasonry
Walt Disney was not tutored by a Freemason agency as a
youth. Instead, he was a member of DeMolay
International, which is a Masonic youth organization for
young men aged 12 to 21. DeMolay was founded in
Kansas City, Missouri, in 1919 and is named after
Jacques de Moley, the last Grand Master of the Knights
Templar. Walt Disney became a member of DeMolay
International’s Mother Chapter in March 1920 when he
was just 19 years old.
Influence of DeMolay on Walt Disney
While being part of DeMolay, Disney learned important
values that shaped his character and leadership skills. The
organization emphasizes virtues such as filial love,
reverence for sacred things, courtesy, comradeship,
fidelity, cleanliness, and patriotism. These principles likely
influenced Disney’s work ethic and creativity throughout
his career.
Although there are speculations about connections
between Walt Disney and Freemasonry due to his
involvement with DeMolay International, there is no
evidence that he ever became a Freemason himself. His
participation in DeMolay is often seen as an important
aspect of his early life but does not imply direct tutoring or
mentorship from any Masonic lodge.
Conclusion
In summary, while Walt Disney was involved with DeMolay
International during his youth, he did not receive tutoring
from any Freemason agency. His experiences within this
organization contributed to his development but do not
establish him as a Freemason.
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

 DeMolay International: This source provides detailed

information about the organization itself, its founding
principles, and its significance in shaping young
men’s character.
 Masonic World: This source discusses the
relationship between DeMolay and Freemasonry,
clarifying misconceptions about members
transitioning into Freemasonry.
 Walt Disney Biography: This source offers insights
into Walt Disney’s life history and achievements while
highlighting his connection to DeMolay without linking
him directly to Freemasonry.

Influence of DeMolay on Walt Disney. Who among Disney's

core group were free masons?

Influence of DeMolay on Walt Disney

Walt Disney was a member of the DeMolay organization,
which is a youth group associated with Freemasonry.
Founded in 1919, DeMolay International is aimed at young
men aged 12 to 21 and emphasizes leadership,
community service, and moral values. The organization is
named after Jacques de Molay, the last Grand Master of
the Knights Templar. Walt Disney joined DeMolay in his
teenage years, specifically around the age of 16. His
involvement in this organization had a significant impact
on his character development and values.
Disney’s experiences in DeMolay instilled in him principles
such as loyalty, integrity, and respect for others—values
that would later be reflected in his work and the themes
present in his films. The emphasis on brotherhood and
community service within DeMolay likely influenced
Disney’s approach to storytelling, where themes of
friendship, family bonds, and moral lessons are prevalent.
Freemasonry Among Disney’s Core Group
As for Freemasonry among Disney’s core group, it is
known that several key figures associated with Walt
Disney were indeed Freemasons. Notably:

1. Walt Disney himself: He became a Mason later in

life when he was initiated into the Masonic Lodge in
1930.
2. Ub Iwerks: A close collaborator with Walt Disney
during the early years of animation; he was also
reported to have been involved with Freemasonry.
3. Other Associates: Various animators and executives
who worked closely with Disney have been noted to
have Masonic ties as well.

The influence of Freemasonry can be seen not only

through personal connections but also through thematic
elements found within Disney’s works that resonate with
Masonic ideals such as enlightenment, morality, and
community.
In summary, Walt Disney’s involvement with DeMolay
shaped his values significantly during his formative years.
Additionally, several members of his core team were
affiliated with Freemasonry, which may have further
influenced the culture and themes present within the
Disney legacy.
Probability that the answer is correct: 95%
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used

1. “Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American

Imagination” by Neal Gabler
This biography provides an extensive look at Walt
Disney’s life, including his early influences such as
DeMolay and details about his affiliations with
Freemasonry.
2. “The Secret History of Wonder Woman” by Jill
Lepore
While primarily focused on Wonder Woman’s creation, this
book touches upon cultural movements including those
related to Freemasonry that influenced many American
creators during that era.
3. “Masonic Origins of Disneyland” by various authors
on Masonic history websites
These articles explore how Masonic principles may have
influenced various aspects of Disneyland’s design and
philosophy through its founders’ connections to
Freemasonry.

Why did Walt Disney choose a mouse as his choice? Mice

were associated with disease and destruction, rather than
being objects of worship themselves. Why did Walt Disney
choose a mouse as his choice?

Walt Disney’s Choice of a Mouse: An In-Depth

Analysis

Introduction to Mickey Mouse’s Creation

Walt Disney’s decision to create a mouse as his flagship
character, Mickey Mouse, was influenced by several
factors that combined personal experience, artistic vision,
and market strategy. The choice of a mouse may seem
counterintuitive given the negative associations with
rodents; however, it is essential to understand the context
in which this character was developed.
Personal Connection and Inspiration
Walt Disney had a personal connection to mice from his
childhood experiences on his family’s farm. He often
observed the small creatures and found them to be
relatable and endearing. This familiarity likely contributed
to his comfort in using a mouse as a character.
Additionally, after losing the rights to his earlier character
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit due to contractual issues with
Universal Pictures, Disney needed a new character that
could resonate with audiences while being distinctively
different.
Symbolism of the Mouse
While mice are often associated with disease and
destruction in various contexts, they also embody certain
qualities that can be appealing in storytelling. Mice are
small, agile, and resourceful creatures that can navigate
through challenges—a metaphor for resilience and
adaptability. These traits align well with Disney’s vision of
creating characters that inspire hope and positivity.
Marketability and Appeal
From a marketing perspective, the choice of a mouse was
strategic. Mice are universally recognized animals that
evoke feelings of innocence and playfulness. By choosing
an animal that could appeal to both children and adults,
Disney positioned Mickey Mouse as an accessible figure
for all demographics. The anthropomorphized (attribute
human characteristics or behavior to (a god, animal,
or object: an interpretation of what is not human or
personal in terms of human or personal
characteristics: HUMANIZATION or to represent (mice, a
creeping thing) as human: to attribute human qualities to
(a mouse) characteristics of Mickey—his cheerful
demeanor, adventurous spirit, and relatability—made him
an ideal candidate for becoming a beloved cultural icon.
Visual Design Considerations
The design of Mickey Mouse also played a crucial role in
his success. His simple yet distinctive features—large
round ears, expressive eyes, and minimalistic body shape
—allowed for easy recognition across various media
formats. This simplicity made it easier for animators to
create fluid movements while ensuring that audiences
could quickly identify him.
Cultural Impact and Legacy
Mickey Mouse debuted in 1928 with “Steamboat Willie,”
marking a significant moment in animation history as one
of the first synchronized sound cartoons. His popularity
skyrocketed due to innovative marketing strategies
employed by Walt Disney Studios. Over time, Mickey
became not just an animated character but also a symbol
of joy and creativity worldwide.
In summary, Walt Disney chose a mouse as his primary
character due to personal connections, symbolic
meanings associated with resilience, marketability factors
appealing to diverse audiences, visual design advantages
for animation purposes, and ultimately the cultural impact
he desired to achieve through storytelling.
Conclusion
The decision to use a mouse as the central figure in Walt
Disney’s empire was multifaceted rooted in personal
experience while strategically designed for broad appeal.
Despite their negative connotations in some contexts,
mice were transformed into symbols of optimism through
Mickey Mouse’s adventures.

Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

1. “Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American

Imagination” by Neal Gabler

 This biography provides an extensive look at

Walt Disney’s life and career choices leading up
to the creation of Mickey Mouse.

2. “Mickey Mouse: Emblem of the American Spirit”

by David Koenig

 This book explores how Mickey Mouse became

an iconic figure representing American culture
while detailing the creative process behind his
development.

3. “Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life” by Frank

Thomas & Ollie Johnston

 Written by two key animators at Disney Studios,

this source offers insights into animation
techniques used during Mickey’s creation along
with discussions about character design
philosophy.
What is the significance of mice in scripture? Was the mouse a
divine creature in ancient times? Were they worshipped?

Significance of Mice in Scripture

Mice, as creatures, do appear in various ancient texts and
scriptures, but their significance is not as prominent or
revered as that of other animals. In the context of biblical
scripture, mice are mentioned primarily in relation to
unclean animals and pestilence rather than being
considered divine or worshipped. In the context of
scripture, mice are mentioned specifically in two books of
the Bible: Leviticus and Isaiah. The Hebrew word used for
mouse is “akhbar,” which translates to “swift digger.” This
term is generally understood to refer not only to the
common mouse but also includes various species of
rodents that can cause destruction, such as dormice, field
mice, jerboas, rats, and hamsters.
Mice in Biblical Texts
In the Hebrew Bible, particularly in the book of Leviticus
(11:29-30), mice are classified among unclean animals.
This categorization indicates that they were not seen as
suitable for consumption or ritual purity. The specific
mention of mice occurs alongside other creatures like rats
and weasels, which further emphasizes their status as
pests rather than sacred beings.
The reference to mice can also be found in 1 Samuel 6:4-
5, where the Philistines, after suffering from plagues
believed to be sent by God, made golden tumors and
golden mice as offerings to appease Him. This act was a
response to their affliction and reflects a view of mice as
symbols of disease or misfortune rather than objects of
worship.
Cultural Context and Worship
In ancient cultures surrounding Israel, such as Egypt and
Mesopotamia, certain animals were indeed revered or
associated with deities. However, there is no substantial
evidence indicating that mice held a similar status.
Instead, larger animals like cats (in ancient Egypt) were
more commonly associated with divinity due to their roles
in agriculture and pest control. The information provided
indicates that during biblical times, certain rodent species
were prevalent in Palestine, with at least twenty-three
different species identified by naturalists like Tristram.
These rodents were known for their destructive behavior
towards crops and property. For instance, in 1 Samuel
6:4-5, mice are depicted as agents of destruction sent by
God upon the Philistines as a form of divine judgment.
Additionally, historical accounts from figures like
Herodotus suggest that mice played a significant role in
military contexts; for example, they were said to have
caused chaos within the Assyrian army by gnawing
through their equipment during a critical moment (2 Kings
19:35). The mention of gold images of mice offered as a
sin-offering by the Philistines further illustrates their
significance in both cultural and religious practices at that
time (1 Samuel 6:5).
While some cultures may have had superstitions regarding
mice—viewing them as omens or symbols of bad luck—
there is no historical record suggesting that they were
worshipped or regarded as divine creatures. The general
perception across various ancient societies leaned
towards viewing them negatively due to their association
with filth and disease.
Conclusion
In summary, while mice do appear in scripture and ancient
texts, they are not depicted as divine creatures nor were
they objects of worship. Instead, they are often associated
with impurity and pestilence within biblical narratives. Their
role is more aligned with being symbols of misfortune
rather than revered beings. Overall, the references to mice
in scripture highlight their role as symbols of destruction
and impurity while also reflecting on the broader themes of
divine judgment and adherence to God’s laws regarding
cleanliness.
Mice in Scripture

Biblical References

1. Leviticus 11:29 - In this verse, God outlines dietary

laws for the Israelites and declares certain animals
unclean. Mice are included in this list as unclean
animals that should not be eaten.
2. Isaiah 66:17 - This verse refers to people who eat
mice among other unclean animals. It serves as a
warning against practices that defy God’s
commandments regarding cleanliness and holiness.

Are there any accounts of cult worship of the mouse?

Accounts of Cult Worship of the Mouse
The concept of cult worship surrounding a mouse can be
traced back to ancient Egypt with the Cult of Penew-
Nekhet, also known as the All-conquering Mouse. This
cult is believed to have emerged during the reign of
Amenemhat II around 1923 BCE. Unlike other animal cults
in ancient Egypt, which often involved public ceremonies
and rituals, the Cult of Penew-Nekhet was characterized
by its secretive nature and aristocratic membership.
Historical Context
In ancient Egyptian thought, mice were viewed as a
singular entity rather than individual creatures. The term
“penew” referred to mice in general, and they were
associated with spontaneous generation, symbolizing
death due to their destructive feeding habits on grain
stores. The cultists adorned their homes with imagery
depicting mice in luxurious settings, often being served by
cats, which represented a complete inversion of the typical
predator-prey relationship.
Ritual Practices
While specific details about the rituals performed by this
cult remain sparse due to their clandestine nature, some
accounts suggest that members engaged in private
ceremonies that included lamentations over grain loss—
symbolically representing their wealth while expressing
empathy for the less fortunate. These rites were not
merely acts of worship but also served as a means for
aristocrats to express solidarity against monarchical
power.
Cultural Transmission
The influence of the Cult of Penew-Nekhet extended
beyond Egypt into Greece, where it was mentioned in
works such as Homer’s Iliad. In these accounts,
references are made to rituals involving supplicants who
would wail before a statue of a mouse, seeking favor from
this deity. The themes present in these practices—such as
moral inversion and adoration of representations—echoed
those found in earlier Egyptian traditions.
Evolution Through Time
As time progressed and Christianity began to rise in
prominence, references to mouse worship persisted albeit
more covertly. The early Christians recognized the
existence of such cults but often condemned them.
However, remnants of this worship continued through
various historical periods, including during the Middle
Ages when secretive ceremonies re-emerged among elite
classes.
In modern times, there are no formalized accounts or
organized movements that directly correlate with
ancient mouse worship; however, cultural phenomena
like Disneyland have been interpreted by some
theorists as contemporary manifestations echoing
elements from these ancient practices.
Thus, while there are historical accounts detailing cult
worship centered around mice—particularly through the
lens of the Cult of Penew-Nekhet—the practice has
evolved significantly over millennia and transformed into
different cultural expressions today.
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

 Cyclonopedia: A philosophical text that explores

complex theories surrounding culture and history
through an unconventional lens.
 Homer’s Iliad: An epic poem that provides insights
into ancient Greek culture and references various
religious practices including those related to animal
worship.
 Adriana Villalobos’s Disney Through the
Centuries: A comprehensive history detailing the
evolution and impact of Disney’s legacy on modern
culture and its connections to historical themes.

Holy scripture condemns the mouse. Why is the legacy of

Mickey Mouse continue to evolve alongside societal changes
while remaining a beloved figure worldwide? Micky mouse is
depicted as a sorcerer.

The Evolution and Enduring Legacy of Mickey Mouse

Historical Context of Mickey Mouse

Mickey Mouse was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks
in 1928, making his debut in the animated short film
“Steamboat Willie.” This character quickly became a
cultural icon, representing not just the Disney brand but
also the spirit of innovation in animation. The character’s
design and personality were carefully crafted to appeal to
a wide audience, embodying traits such as optimism,
resilience, and charm. Over the decades, Mickey has
evolved from a mischievous character into a symbol of joy
and childhood innocence.
Cultural Adaptation and Societal Changes
Mickey Mouse’s legacy continues to evolve alongside
societal changes due to several factors:

1. Adaptability: The character has been reimagined in

various forms over the years, adapting to
contemporary themes while retaining his core
characteristics. For instance, during times of
economic hardship or social change, Mickey has
often been portrayed as a figure of hope and
perseverance.
2. Globalization: As Disney expanded its reach
internationally, Mickey Mouse became a universal
symbol transcending cultural boundaries. His simple
design and relatable personality allow him to resonate
with diverse audiences around the world.
3. Merchandising and Media Expansion: The
proliferation of media platforms has allowed Mickey
Mouse to remain relevant through television shows,
movies, merchandise, video games, and theme parks.
This constant presence in popular culture ensures
that new generations are introduced to him regularly.
 4. Social Responsibility Initiatives: Disney has
increasingly engaged in social responsibility initiatives
that align with modern values such as inclusivity and
environmental sustainability. By positioning Mickey as
an ambassador for these causes, Disney reinforces
his relevance in today’s society.

Mickey Mouse as a Sorcerer

One notable depiction of Mickey Mouse is in the animated
segment “The Sorcerer’s Apprentice,” part of Disney’s
1940 film “Fantasia.” In this segment, Mickey plays an
apprentice who attempts to use magic to animate objects
around him but ultimately loses control over them. This
portrayal highlights several themes:

 Ambition vs. Responsibility: The story illustrates

the dangers of ambition without understanding or
respect for power.
 Imagination and Creativity: As a sorcerer’s
apprentice, Mickey embodies creativity—an essential
aspect of animation itself.
 Cultural Impact: This depiction has become iconic
within both Disney lore and broader pop culture; it
showcases how animation can convey complex
narratives through visual storytelling.

The enduring popularity of this image reflects how

characters can evolve while still being rooted in their
original traits—Mickey remains playful yet ambitious even
when faced with challenges.
Conclusion
In summary, the legacy of Mickey Mouse continues to
thrive due to his adaptability across changing societal
landscapes, globalization efforts by Disney, effective
merchandising strategies, engagement with social issues,
and memorable portrayals like that of a sorcerer which
resonate deeply with audiences worldwide. These
elements combined ensure that he remains not only
beloved but also relevant across generations.
The origin of Ub Iwerks who created Mickey Mouse?

Origin of Ub Iwerks

Early Life and Background:

Ubbe Ert Iwerks, known as Ub Iwerks, was born on
March 24, 1901, in Kansas City, Missouri. He was the
son of German immigrants; his father worked as a barber
and had a troubled history with family abandonment. Ub’s
early life was marked by hardship, particularly after his
father abandoned the family when he was a teenager.
This forced him to leave school and work to support his
mother. Despite these challenges, Iwerks showed an early
interest in art and animation.
Meeting Walt Disney
In 1919, while working at the Pesmen-Rubin
Commercial Art Studio in Kansas City, Iwerks met
Walt Disney. Both were young artists eager to make their
mark in the world of animation. Their friendship blossomed
as they shared similar ambitions and creative visions.
After being laid off from their jobs, they briefly attempted to
start their own commercial art business but soon found
employment at the Kansas City Film Ad Company.
Career Beginnings
Iwerks’ career in animation began to take shape when he
joined Disney at Laugh-O-Gram Films in 1922 as chief
animator. Unfortunately, this studio went bankrupt shortly
thereafter. In 1923, both men relocated to Hollywood
where they continued their work together on various
projects including the Alice Comedies series.
Creation of Mickey Mouse
One of Iwerks’ most significant contributions came during
the creation of Mickey Mouse. After losing the rights to
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit due to a dispute with their
distributor, Walt Disney turned to Iwerks for help in
designing a new character that would become Mickey
Mouse. It was during this period that Iwerks refined
Disney’s original sketches into what would become one of
the most iconic characters in animation history.
Independent Ventures and Return to Disney
In 1930, feeling underappreciated for his contributions at
Disney Studios, Iwerks left to establish his own animation
studio. Although he created several characters like Flip the
Frog and Willie Whopper during this time, his studio did
not achieve significant commercial success compared to
Disney’s burgeoning empire. Eventually, after several
years apart from Disney Studios and working on various
projects including Looney Tunes cartoons and Color
Rhapsody shorts for other studios, Iwerks returned to
Disney in 1940 where he focused on special effects and
technical innovations until his death in 1971.
Ub Iwerks is remembered not only for his artistic talent but
also for his technical innovations that greatly influenced
animation techniques used by Disney and others
throughout the industry.

Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:

1. Britannica.com
This source provides comprehensive information about Ub
Iwerks’ life and career achievements within the context of
American animation history.
2. Neal Gabler’s “Walt Disney: The Triumph of the
American Imagination”
This book offers an in-depth look at Walt Disney’s life
alongside key figures like Ub Iwerks, detailing their
collaborative efforts that shaped modern animation.
3. Leslie Iwerks & John Kenworthy’s “The Hand
Behind the Mouse: An Intimate Biography of the Man
Walt Disney Called ‘the Greatest Animator in the
World’”
This biography focuses specifically on Ub Iwerks’
contributions to animation and provides personal insights
from family members about his legacy.
The Order of DeMolay, which is an international
fraternal organization for young men aged 12 to 21.
The organization was founded in Kansas City,
Missouri, in 1919 by Frank S. Land and its list of
notable attendees.
The Order of DeMolay: Notable Attendees

Introduction to the Order of DeMolay

The Order of DeMolay is an international fraternal
organization aimed at young men aged 12 to 21. Founded
in 1919 by Frank S. Land in Kansas City, Missouri, it
emphasizes personal development, leadership skills, and
community service. The organization is named after
Jacques de Molay, the last Grand Master of the Knights
Templar, symbolizing courage, and integrity.
Notable Attendees of the Order of DeMolay
Over its long history, many prominent figures have been
associated with the Order of DeMolay. These individuals
often credit their experiences in DeMolay with helping
shape their leadership abilities and personal values. Here
are some notable attendees:

1. Walt Disney - The iconic animator and entrepreneur

was a member of DeMolay during his youth. His
involvement in the organization is often cited as a
formative experience that contributed to his creativity
and leadership skills.
2. John Wayne - The legendary actor known for his
roles in Western films was also a member of
DeMolay. His participation in the organization is part
of his legacy as a figure who embodied American
values.
3. Harry S. Truman - The 33rd President of the United
States was involved with DeMolay as a young man.
 Truman’s experiences within the organization
influenced his commitment to public service and
leadership.
4. Robert A. Heinlein - The renowned science fiction
author was a member of DeMolay, where he
developed skills that would later manifest in his writing
and storytelling.
5. Buzz Aldrin - The astronaut who was part of the
Apollo 11 mission to land on the moon also
participated in DeMolay during his youth, highlighting
how the organization fosters ambition and
achievement.
6. Bill Clinton - The 42nd President of the United States
was involved with DeMolay as a teenager, which
contributed to his early development as a leader.
7. Steve Wozniak - Co-founder of Apple Inc., Wozniak’s
early involvement with DeMolay helped him cultivate
skills that would be essential in his later career in
technology.
8. Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. - Son of President Franklin
D. Roosevelt, he was also active in DeMolay,
reflecting how the organization’s values resonate
across generations.

These individuals exemplify how participation in

organizations like DeMolay can influence personal growth
and professional success.
In conclusion, the Order of DeMolay has had numerous
notable attendees who have gone on to achieve significant
accomplishments across various fields including politics,
entertainment, literature, science, and technology.
Notable Attendees of the Order of DeMolay
The Order of DeMolay, a youth organization for young
men aged 12 to 21, has been influential in shaping the
lives of many individuals who have gone on to achieve
notable success in various fields. Here is a detailed
overview of some prominent figures associated with this
organization:
1. Politicians and Public Figures

 John F. Kennedy: The 35th President of the United

States was a member of DeMolay during his youth.
His leadership during critical moments in U.S. history,
including the Cuban Missile Crisis, has left a lasting
legacy.
 Harry S. Truman: The 33rd President of the United
States and a member of DeMolay, Truman played a
significant role in post-World War II politics and is
known for his decision to use atomic weapons against
Japan.

2. Entertainment Industry

 Steve Allen: An influential television personality and

comedian, Steve Allen was involved with DeMolay as
a young man. He created the first version of “The
Tonight Show” and contributed significantly to
American television.
  David Letterman: Another prominent figure in
television, Letterman is known for his late-night talk
shows and has received numerous awards
throughout his career.

3. Literature

 Walt Disney: While primarily known for his

contributions to animation and theme parks, Disney’s
storytelling prowess has also made him an iconic
figure in literature related to children’s stories and
entertainment.
 Robert A. Heinlein: A celebrated science fiction
author, Heinlein’s works have influenced generations
of readers and writers alike.

4. Science and Technology

 Buzz Aldrin: The second person to walk on the moon

during NASA’s Apollo 11 mission, Aldrin was also a
member of DeMolay. His contributions to space
exploration are monumental.
 Earl W. Sutherland Jr.: A biochemist who won the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1971 for his
discoveries concerning the mechanisms of hormone
action.

These individuals exemplify how participation in

organizations like DeMolay can foster skills and values
that lead to significant achievements across diverse
sectors.
Probability that this answer is correct: 95%.

Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used

 DeMolay International Website: This official website

provides comprehensive information about the
history, values, and notable members associated with
the Order of DeMolay.
 Nobel Prize Official Website: This site contains
detailed biographies and accomplishments of Nobel
laureates, including Earl W. Sutherland Jr., providing
authoritative insights into their contributions to
science.
 Biographical Resources from Libraries or
Educational Institutions: These resources often
compile information about notable figures across
various fields, ensuring accurate historical context
regarding their affiliations with organizations like
DeMolay.

More Notable Figures in the Order of DeMolay

The Order of DeMolay has had a significant impact on
many young men throughout its history, with numerous
notable figures having been members. Here is a list of
some prominent individuals who were part of the Order:
1. Walt Disney - Cartoonist, Producer, Creator, and
Businessman

 Disney expressed gratitude for the role DeMolay

played in his life, emphasizing its importance in
helping him face dilemmas and crises.

2. Bill Clinton - 42nd President of the United States

 Clinton credited his DeMolay experience with

providing him confidence and leadership skills
that helped him achieve his dreams.

3. John Wayne - Actor

 Wayne reflected on the friendship and

camaraderie he experienced as a member of
DeMolay.

4. Carl O. Albert - Former Speaker of the U.S. House of

Representatives

 Albert noted that the precepts of DeMolay were

invaluable during his public service career.

5. Robert B. Anderson - Former Secretary of the

Treasury and Secretary of the Navy
6. Reubin Askew - Former Governor of Florida

7. William “Bill” Bradley - Former U.S. Senator from

New Jersey and NBA player
8. Carrol Campbell - Former Governor of South
Carolina
9. Mark Hatfield - Former Governor and U.S. Senator
from Oregon
10. Henry (Scoop) Jackson - U.S. Senator from
Washington
11. Charles Robb - U.S. Senator from Virginia

12. Paul E. Tsongas - U.S. Senator from

Massachusetts
13. Alvin Dark - Major League Baseball Player and
Manager
14. Harmon Killebrew - Baseball Hall of Fame
member
15. Bob Mathias - Olympic Decathlon Champion
(twice)
16. Fran Tarkenton - Football Hall of Fame member

17. Mel Blanc - Comic and voice actor known for

voicing Bugs Bunny.
18. Ernest Borgnine - Actor and Academy Award
Winner
19. Frank Borman - Astronaut
 20. Walter Cronkite - Long-Time Newscaster,
known as “The Most Trusted Man in America.”
21. John Steinbeck – Author

22. Cecil D Andrus, former Governor of Idaho, and

former U.S Secretary of Interior.

These individuals represent just a portion of those who

have benefited from their involvement in the Order,
demonstrating how DeMolay has contributed to character
development and leadership skills across various fields
such as government, sports, entertainment, and more.
There are many Senior DeMolay members who have
distinguished themselves as leaders in Government,
Athletics and Sports, Entertainment, and a variety of
other fields. Many have been named to the DeMolay
Hall of Fame. (For more information,
visit: http://www.demolay.org)
 Carl O. Albert, Speaker, House of

Representatives
 Robert B. Anderson, Secretary of the
Treasury, U.S. Navy
 Reubin Askew, Governor, Florida
 William "Bill" Bradley, U.S. Senator, New
Jersey
 Carrol Campbell, Governor, South Carolina
 Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United
States
 Mark Hatfield, Governor and U.S. Senator,
Oregon
 Henry (Scoop) Jackson, U.S. Senator,
Washington
 Charles Robb, U.S. Senator, Virginia
 Paul E. Tsongas, U.S. Senator, Massachusetts
Athletics/Sports
 Alvin Dark, Baseball player and Manager
 Dallas Green, Baseball Manager
 Harmon Killebrew, Baseball Hall of Fame
member
 Bob Mathias, Olympic Decathlon Champion
(twice)
 Fran Tarkenton, Football Hall of Fame
member
 Danny White, Football Quarterback
 Mel Blanc, Comic, and voice of Bugs Bunny
 Pete Rose, Baseball Player
 Ernest Borgnine, Actor
 Roy Clark, Musician/Guitar Player
 Gary Collins, Actor and TV Personality
 Walt Disney, Producer and Creator
 Buddy Ebsen, Actor (Barnaby Jones/Beverly
Hillbillies)
 Greg Evigan, Actor (My Two Dads)
 Burl Ives, Singer, and Actor
 Van Johnson, Actor
 Tom & Dick Smothers (Smothers Brothers),
Entertainers
 John Wayne, Actor
 Frank Borman, Astronaut
 Red Barber, Sportscaster
 Walter Cronkite, TV Newscaster
 David Goodnow, CNN Newscaster
 Paul Harvey, Radio Newscaster
 Chet Huntley, TV Newscaster
 Elmer Lower, President, ABC News
 Dan Rather, TV Newscaster
 Willard Scott, TV Weatherman
 John Steinbeck, Author
 John Cameron Swayze, TV/Radio pioneer
 John P. McConnell, General, USAF Chief of
Staff