OYAL 4NC.

RKHAYO

Tt nfsf
ESrD 2017

FYUGP

PHYSICS HONOURS/ RESEARCH

and
MINOR PAPERS FROM DISCIPLINE-1
&
VOCATIONAL STUDIES/ DISCIPLINE-2
&
MDC (MULTIDISCIPLINARY COURSE)
FOR UNDER GRADUATE COURSES UNDER

BINOD BIHARI MAHTO KOYALANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DHANBAD

Implemented for
AcademicSession 023-2027
28{8{24

28-o8-2D 24 2/372y
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD

Members of Boardof Studies of FYUGP Syllabus as per

Binod Bihari Mahto Koyalanchal University, Guidelines of the
Dhanbad
1. Dr. K. Bandyopadhyay, Associate Professor -Chairman
University Department of Physics, BBMK University, Dhanbad
2. Dr. D. K. Giri, Assistant Professor -Member
University Department of Physics, BBMK University, Dhanbad
3. Dr. D. K. Singh, Assistant Professor -Member
Department of Physics, PKRM College, Dhanbad

Two experts for UG

4. Dr. Umamageswari, Associate Professor -Member
Department of Physics, B.S. City College, Bokaro
5. Dr. Sayantan Sil, Assistant Professor -Member
Department of Physics, PKRM College, Dhanbad

Session 2023-2027

28-08-2oy 2818/24
 Credits
Double
(DMJ)
Major 4+4 4+4 4+4 4+4 4+4 4+4 4+4224
14 2

[Total
Credits 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 160
Jharkhand 13

Tedits
4+4+4
(12)Research oflie Courses
inAdvanced AMJ: 2 (4
of fProfect
Universities
12 Dissertation
(12) Courses Research RC: year
1

1tor2nd
credits)
State Dissertation
(4) Internship/ IAP: project/
10
(4 in
under Internship/Project
nternshp
RESEARCH'
Research
Courses
(6) added Value VAC:
2
(FYUGP) Summer
ofa
'HÌNOURS/ (Courses
9) Enhancement Ability SEC:
3 3 Summer
3 lieu
Programme OVdedWI
in
English
(8) Language
and credits
Indian(Modern Courses
Enhancement Ability AEC: 7 2 with 2 2 /Research
FYUGP proided Certicate 12
(Humanities.
9l etcl Sciences. SocialAnalvsis.
Undergraduate coursesfor
Physical Sciences, (LiCourses
fMultidisciplinary
e MDC: 6
3 3 3 Hons.
FOR Gertificate
iplorta with
vocational
(16) from Minor MN:
STUCTURE 5 4 4 4
3
egree Degree
do
discipline
(16) from Minor MN: tndergraduate
Undergrauate
4 4 4 4 will
Year
4
Baehelor's Bachelor's
4+4+4+4 research
4+4+4+4
COURSE 4+4+4 4+4+4
Four (80) Majcourses-Core
or or specific Discipline MJ: 4+4 4+4
4
3
ExitPoint: Pont Point: Point:
undertaking
for Ext
Bit
Framework Semester I
Exi
V
VI
Session
onwards
2023-2027
2

200-299: Higher-level
courses
Intermediate-level 400-499:
Advanced
courses
not
100-199:
Foundation
or students
Level
ofCourses Introductory
cOurses

Credit COurses
Honours

1: 300-399:
=160]
Table
Note:
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD
SEMESTER WISE COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR YEAR
Table 2: Semester wise Course Code and
UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME 2023 onwards
Credit Points:
Semester Common, Introductory, Major, Minor, Vocational &
Code nternship Courses
AEC-1
Papers
Language and Conmmunication Skills Credits
(Modern Indian language
VAC-1
incuding TRL) 2
Value Added Course-1
SEC-1 4
Skill Enhancement Course-1
MDC-1 3
MN-1A Multi-disciplinary Course-1
Minor from Discipline-1
3
4
MJ-1 Major paper 1
AEC-2 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary
Language and Communication Skills (Englísh)
Major) 4
2
SEC-2 Skill Enhancement Course-2 3
MDC-2
MN-2A
Multi-discíplinary Course-2 3
Minor from Vocational Studies/Disciplíne-2 4
MJ-2 Major paper 2
M-3 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major)
Major paper 3 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
4

AEC-3 Language and Communication Skills (Modern Indian language

2
E including TRL)
SEC-3 SkillEnhancement Course-3
MDC-3
MN-1B
Multi-disciplinary Course-3
Minor from Discipline-1
3
4
MJ-4 Major paper 4 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
MJ-5 Major paper 5
Language and (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary
AEC-3
Major) 4

VAC-2
Communication Skills (MIL-2/English-2)
Value Added Course-2
2

MN-2B Minor from Vocational Studies/Discipline-2

MJ-6 Major paper 6 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
MÊ-7 Major paper 7 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major)
MJ-8 Major paper 8 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major)
MN-1C Minor from Discipline-1 4
MJ-9 Major paper 9(Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
MJ-10 Major paper 10(Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major)
MJ-11 Major Paper 11 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
JAP
Internship/Apprenticeship/ Field work/ Dissertation/ Project 4
MN-2C Minor from Vocational Studies/Discipline-2 4
MJ-12 Major paper 12 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
V MJ-13. Major paper 13 (Disciplinary/lnterdisciplinary Major) 4
MJ-14 Major Paper 14 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
MJ-15 Major Paper 15 (Disciplinary/InterdisciplinaryMajor) 4
MN-1D Minor from Discipline-1 4
MJ-16 Major paper 16 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
VII MJ-17 Major paper 17 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
MJ-18 Major Paper 18 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
MJ-19 Major Paper 19 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
MN-2D Minor from Vocational Studies/Discipline-2 4
VIII MJ-20 Major paper 20 (Disciplinary/lnterdisciplinary Major) 4
RC/ Research Internship/ Field work/ Dissertation
AMJ-1 Advanced Major paper-1 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major) 12/
4
AMJ-2 Advanced Major Paper-2 (Disciplínary/Interdisciplinary Major) 4
AMJ-3 Advanced Major Paper-3 (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Major)
Total Credits 160

Session 2023-2027

28-08-202.y
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

Abbreviations:
AEC Ability Enhancement Courses
SEC Skill Enhancement Courses
IAP Internship/Apprenticeship/ Project
MDC Multidisciplinary Courses
MJ Major Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Courses
DMJ Double Major Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Courses
AMJ Advance Major Disciplinary/lnterdisciplinary Courses
MN Minor Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary Courses
RC Research Courses

AEC (Ability enhancements courses)- 2Credits

Fullmarks - 50, Pass Marks - 20
InAEC the students of allfaculties will have to select either Hindi or English in Semester -1
and those students who have opted Hindi will have toselect English as AEC in Semester -2
and vice versa. For 3rd and 4th semester student can opt Sanskrit, Urdu, Bengali, English,
Hindi or TRL.
In 4th semester there will be AEC-3 will include Language and Communication Skill in Hindi
and English.
No internal examination will be conducted.

VAC(Value added Courses)- 2 Credits

Full marks - 50, Pass Marks - 20
For 1st semester - "Understanding India"
For 4h Semester "Environmental Studies"
Nointernal examination will be conducted.
SEC(SkilIEnhancement Courses) - 3Credits
Full Marks - 75, Pass Marks -30
Digital Education or Mathematical &Computational Thinking Analysis is selected as SEC.
Student wil have to select or opt either of the two subjects for semester - 1, ll and ll in no
case both subjects willbe allowed to opt.
No internalexamination will be conducted.
MDC(Multidisciplinary Courses)-3 credits
FullMarks - 75, Pass Marks - 30
A
student willstudy three different subjects in the multidisciplinary courses during first
three semesters.
No internalexamination will be conducted.

Session 2023-2027

28((24 4

28-eg-204y
)
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP
Table 3: Semester wise Course Code and BBMKU, DHANBAD
Credit Pointsand Marks distribution of
Papers from Discipline-1: Minor

SN. Semester Paper Credits Full Marks Pass Marks

Theory Theory
Practical
(Internal+ (Internal+ Practical
End Sem) End Sem.
End Sem
1.
MN-1A 3+1 15+60 25 10
30
2 III MN-1B 3+1 15+60 10
25 30
3
MN-1C 3+115+60 30 10
4. VII MN-1D 3+1 15+60 25 10
30
No internal or mid semester
examination willbe conducted for practical papers.

Table 4: Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points and

Marks distribution of Minor
Papers from Vocational Studies/Discipline-2:
S.N. Semester Paper Credits Full Marks Pass Marks

Theory Practical/ Practical/

(Written Demonstration/ Demonstration/
Skill test & Viva Theory Skill test & Viva
test)
VOce VOce

1 MN-2A 4 75 25 30 10
2. MN-2B 4 75 25 30 10
3 VI MN-2C 4 75 25 30 10
4 VIII MN-2D4 75 25 30 10

No internal or mid semester examination willbe conducted.

Session 2023-2027

2g-08-2024 288/24
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

SEMESTER WISE COURSES OF STUDY FOR FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME 2023 onwards

Table 4: Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points and Marks distribution of Minor
Papers:
S.N. Semester Paper Credits Full Marks Pass Marks

Theory Practical Theory

(Internal+ End Sem. (Internal+ Practical
End Sem) EndSem
10
1. MN-1A 3+1 15+60 o 25 30
2 MN-1B 3+1 15+60 25 30 10

10
MN-1G 3+1 15+60 25 30
4 VII MN-1D 25 30 10
3+1 15+60

No internal or mid semester examination will be conducted for practical papers.

Table 4: Semester wise Course Code and Credit Points and Marks distribution of Minor
Papers from Vocational Studies/Discipline-2:

S.N. Semester Paper Credits Full Marks Pass Marks

Practical/ Practical/
Theory Demonstration/ Demonstration/
(Written Theory Skill test & Viva
Skill test & Viva
test) vOce |8|3|3| vOce

1 MN-2A 4 75 25 30 10
2. IV MN-2B 475 25 30 10

3 VI MN-2C 4 75 25 30 10

4 VIII MN-2D 75 25 30 10

No internalor mid semester examination will be conducted.

Session 2023-2027
6
2824
2,
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

SEMESTER WISE COURSES IN PHYSICS FOR FYUGP 2023 onwards

Table 5: Semester wise Papers and Examination Structure for Physics Major:
Physics Major Examination Structure Pass Marks
Internal
Semeste End End Internal
(Mid End End sem.
Semester Semester Theory Practica
Code Papers Credits Semester) Sem.
Theory
Theory Practical (Mid Theory
(F.M.)
(E.M.) (E.M.) Sem.)
Mathematical
M)-1:Theory Physics-|
25 75 10 30

M]-2: Theory Mechanics & Waves 25 75 10 30

M)-3: Practical Practical 100 10

Electricity &
MJ-4: Theòry 4 25 75 10 30 -

Magnetism
MJ-5: Practical-| Practical 4 100 40

Optics and
MI-6: Theory
Electromagnctic 4 2 75 10 30

Theory
Mathematical
MJ-7: Theory 4 25 75 10 30
Physics-ll
MI-8: Practical-Il Practical 4 100 4(

Thermal Physics
MJ-9: Theory and Statistical 4 25 75 10 30
Mechanics

Analog and Digital

MI-10:Theory Electronics
25 75 30

MI-11: Practical
Practical 4 100 40
IV
Advanced
MJ-12:Theory Mathematical 4 25 75 10 30
Physics
Elements of Modem
MI-13:Theory 4 25 75 10 30
Physics
MJ-14: Theory Quantum Mechanics
25 75 10 30
and Applications
MJ-15: Practical Practical 4
100 40
M)-16: Theory Classical Dynamics 4 25 75 10 30

MJ-17:Theorv SolidState Physics 4 25 75 10 30

VII
Nuclear and Particle
MI-18: Theory 4 25 75 10 30
Physics
MJ-19: Practical
V
Practical 4
100

Atomic and
Molecular Physics
MJ-20: Theory (Quantum 4 25 75
30
Approach) and
Laser Physics
AMJ-1: Theory Advanced Quantum 4 25 75
Mechanics 10
Advanced
YIII Theoretical Physics
(Electrodynamics,
Statistical
AMJ-2: Theory Mechanics, 4 25 75
10 30
Condensed Matter
Physics &Nuciear
and Particle
Physics)
AMJ-3: Practical Practical 4
100 40
No internalor mid semester examination will be conducted for
practical papers.

Session 2023-2027
28424
28-08-2024
28/
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

MAIOR PAPERS
SEMESTER I

PHYSICS MI 1THEORY: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-I

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60
Marks: 10o (End Semester Bxamination=75, Pass Marks 30
Semester Internal Examination=20, Class Performance &Attendance =05), Pass Marks10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester lnternal Examination (SIE25 marks) C20+05):
There will be two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain two questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questions of1 mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
Smarks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which anyone to answer.
End Semester Examination (ESE 75 marks):
There willbe two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions Question No.1 will
be very shortanswer type consisting offive questions of1 mark each. Question No.2&3 will be short answer type
of 5 marks.Group Bwill contain descriptive type six questions of fifteehn marks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

The emphasis of course is to equip students with the mathematical toolsrequired in solving
problem of interest to physicists.
Toexpose students to fundamental computational physics skills and hence enable them to solve
a wide range of physics problems.
To help students develop critical skills and knowledge that will prepare them not only for
doing fundamental and applied research but also prepare them for a wide variety of careers.
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Revise the knowledge of calculus, vectors and vector calculus. These basic mathematical
structures are essential in solving problems in various branches of Physics as well as in
engineering,
Draw and interpret graphs of various functions.
+ Solve first order differential equations and apply it to physics problems solve linear second
order homogeneous and non-homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients.
Calculate partial derivatives of function of several variables Understand the concept of gradient
of scalar field and divergence and curl of vector fields.
Perform line, surface and volume integration and apply Green's, Stokes' and Gauss's Theorems
to compute these integrals.
+ Apply curvilinear coordinates to problems with spherical and cylindrical symmetries.

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

+ Training in calculus willprepare the student to solve various mathematical problems.

+ He/she shalldevelop an understanding of how to formulate a physics problem and solve given
mathematical eguation risen out of it.
SESSion 2023-2027

i24
28-08-2624
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD

COURSECONTENT

Differential Equations: First Order and Second Order Differential

equations: First Order Differential
Equations and Integrating Factor. Homogeneous Equations with constant
general solution. coefficients. Wronskian
and
(12 Lectures)
Calculus of functions of more than one variable: Partial
derivatives, exact and inexact differentials.
Integrating factor, with simple illustration. (8 Lectures)
Vector Calculus: Scalar and Vector fields. Vector
Differentiation: Directional derivatives and normal
derivative. Gradient of a scalar field and its geometrical interpretation.
field. Del and Laplacian Divergence and curl of a vector
operators. Vector identities. (15 Lectures)
Vector lntegration: Ordinary Integrals of Vectors. Multiple integrals, Jacobian.
line, surface and volume elements. Line, surface and volume Notion of infinitesimal
integrals of Vector fields. Flux of a vector
field. Gauss' divergence theorem, Green's and Stokes
Theorems and their applications. (15 Lectures)
Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates: Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates. Derivation of Gradient,
Divergence, Curl and Laplacian in Cartesian,Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinate Systems.(10
Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, F.E. Harris, 2013, 7th
Edn., Elsevier.
2. An introduction to ordinary differential equations, E.A. Coddington, 2009,
3
PHI learning.
Differential Equations, George F. Simmons, 2007, McGraw Hill.
4. Mathematical Toois for Physics, James Nearing, 2010, Dover Publications.
5. Mathematical methods for Scientists and Engineers, D.A. McQuarrie, 2003, Viva Book.
6. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, D.G. Zill and w.s. Wright, 5 Ed., 2012, Jones and Bartlett
Learning
7. Mathematical Physics, Goswami, 1st edition, Cengage Learning.
8. Engineering Mathematics, S. Pal and S.C. Bhunia, 2015, Oxford University Press.
9. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, 2008, Wiley India.
10. Essential Mathematical Methods, K.F.Riley & M.P.Hobson, 2011, Cambridge Univ. Press.
11. Mathematical Physics, H.K. Dass and R. Verma, S. Chand &Company.
12. Mathematical Physics, B.S. Rajput, Pragati Prakashan, 21t Edition, 2009.
13. Fourier Analysis by M.R. Spiegel, 2004,Tata McGraw-Hil.
14. Mathematics for Physicists, Susan M. Lea, 2004, Thomson Brooks/Cole.

24{&|24
Session 2023-2027

28-08-6y
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
SEMESTER II

PHYSICS-MI 2 THEORY: MECHANICS &WAVES

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60
Marks: 100 (End Semester Examination=75, Pass Marks =30
Semester Internal Examination=20, Class Performance &Attendance =05), Pass Marks=10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester lnternal Examination (SIE 25. marks)(20+05):
There will be two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain two questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questions of 1 mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer typeof
Smarks Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one toanswer.
End Semester Examination (ESh 5 marksl:
There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which willcontain three questions.Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of 1mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of Smarks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type six questions of fteen marks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

The emphasis of this course is to enhance the understanding of the basics of mechanics.
This course also includes the ideas of superposition of harmonic oscillations leading to physics
of travelling and standing waves and also acoustics of buildings, growth and decay of sound.
By the end this course, students should be able to solve the seen or unseen
problems/numericals in mechanics and waves and also have an in depth understanding of
mechanics, wave phenomena and acoustics.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

After going through the course, the student should be able to

+ Understand the phenomena of collisions and idea about center of mass and laboratory frames
and their correlation.
+ Understand the principles of elasticity through the study of Young Modulus and modulus of
rigidity.
+ Understand simple principles of fluid flow and the equations governing fluid dynamics.
Apply Kepler's law to describe the motion of planets and satellite in circular orbit,
through the study of law of Gravitation.
Explain the phenomena of simple harmonic motion and the properties of systemsexecuting
such motions.
Describe how fictitious forces arise ina non-inertial frame, e.g., why a person sitting ina merry
go-round experiences an outward pull.
Recognize and use a mathematical oscillator equation and wave equation, and derive these
equations for certain systems.
Understand the principle of superposition of waves, so thus describe the formation of
standing waves.
Explain several phenomena we can observe in everyday life that can be explained aswave
phenomena.
Session 2023-2027

28-08o2y 2213/249
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP
+ Use the BBMKU, DHANBAD
principles of wave motion and superposition of waves.
SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

+ Learn the concepts of elasticity of solids and

viscosity of fluids.
Develop skills to understand and solve the equations of Newtonian gravity and centralforce
problem.
Learn about inertial and non-inertial systems.
Acquire basic knowledge of oscillation.
Learn about superposition of two Collinear Harmonic
+ Oscillations.
+
Superposition of twoPerpendicular Harmonic Oscillations.
Lear about Wave Motion in general.
+ Learn about Velocity of Waves.
+ Learn about acoustics of buildings, growth and decay of
+ sound.
Acquire knowledge of Superposition of Two Harmonics Waves.
COURSE CONTENT
Collisions: Elastic and inelastic collisions between particles. Centre of Mass and Laboratory
frames.
(3 Lectures)
Elasticity: Relation between Elastic constants. Twisting torque on a (3Lectures)
Cylinder or Wire.
Fluid Motion: Kinematics of Moving Fluids: Poiseuille's Equation for Flow of a
Tube. Liquid through a Capillary
(2 Lectures)
Motion under Central Force: Motion of a particle under a central force field.
Two-body problem and its
reduction to one-body problem and its solution. Kepler's Laws. Satellite incircular orbit and
Geosynchronous orbits. Weightlessness. Basic idea of global positioning system (GPS). applications.
(7Lectures)
Oscillations: SHM: Simple Harmonic Oscillations. Differential equation of SHM and its solution. Kinetic
energy, potential energy, total energy and their time-average values. Damped oscillation.
Forced
oscillations: Transient and steady states; Resonance, sharpness of resonance; power
dissipation and
Quality Factor. (8 Lectures)
Non-Inertial Systems: Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces. Uniformly rotating frame. Laws of
Physics in rotating coordinate systems. Coriolis force and centrifugal force. Effect of centrifugal force due
to rotation of the earth. Coriolis force on a freely falling body.
Geographical effects of Coriolis force
(qualitative). (4 Lectures)
Superposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Linearity and Superposition Principle.
Superposition of two collinear oscillations having (1) equal frequencies and (2) different frequencies
(Beats). Superposition ofN collinear Harmonic Oscillations with (1) equal phase
differences and (2)
equal frequency differences.
(5 Lectures)
Superposition of two perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations: Graphical and Analytical Methods.
Lissajous Figures with equal an unequal frequency and their uses. (2 Lectures)
Wave Motion: Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves. Plane
Progressive
(Travelling) Waves. Wave Equation. Particle and Wave Velocities. Differential Equation. Pressure of a
Longitudinal Wave. Energy Transport. Intensity of Wave. Water Waves: Ripple and Gravity Waves.
(6 Lectures)
Velocity of Waves: Velocity of Transverse Vibrations of Stretched Strings. Velocity of Longitudinal
Waves ina Fluid in a Pipe. Newton's ormula for Velocity of Sound. Laplace's Correction.
(6Lectures)

Session 2023-2027

11

29kPs
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD
Sound: Acoustics of buildings, Reverberation and time of reverberation - growth and decay of
sound -
Sabine's formula, Absorption coefficient &measurement. (4 Lectures)
Superposition of Two Harmonic Waves: Standing (Stationary) Waves in a String: Fixed and Free Ends.
Analytical Treatment. Phase and Group Velocities. Changes with respect to Position and Time. Energy of
Vibrating String. Transfer of Energy. Normal Modes of Stretched Strings. Plucked and Struck Strings.
Melde's Experiment. Longitudinal Standing Waves and Normal Modes. Open and Closed Pipes.
Superposition of N-Harmonic Waves. (10 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. An introduction to mechanics, D. Kleppner, R.J. Kolenkow, 1973, McGraw-Hill.
2. Mechanics, Berkeley Physics, vol. 1, C.Kittel, W.Knight, et.al. 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
3. Physics, Resnick, Halliday and Walker 8/e. 2008, Wiley.
4. Analytical Mechanics, G.R. Fowles and G.L. Cassiday. 2005, Cengage Learning
5. Feynman Lectures, Vol. L, R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M.Sands, 2008, Pearson Education
6. University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole.
7. Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3, Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
8. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons.
9. The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K, Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill.

Additional Books for Reference

1. Mechanics, D.S. Mathur, S. Chand and Company Limited, 2000.
2. University Physics. F.W Sears, M.W Zemansky, H.D Young 13/e, 1986, Addison Wesley
3. Physics for scientists and Engineers with Modern Phys, J.W. Jewett, R.A. Serway, 2010, Cengage
Learning.
4. Theoretical Mechanics, M.R. Spiegel, 2006, Tata McGraw Hill.

PHYSICS-MI 3: PRACTICAL-I
Credits: 04 Lectures: 120 (60X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE):
There willbe one Practical Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of Practical Examination will be as per the
following guidelines:
Experiment =60 marks
Practicalrecord notebook 20marks
Viva-voce F20 marks

1. To measure the diameter of a thick wire using vernier caliper.

2. To measure the diameter of a thick wire using screw gauge.
3. To measure the diameter of a thick wire using travelling microscope.
4. To determine the Height of a Building using a Sextant.
5. Tostudy the random error in observations.
6. To study the Motion of Spring and calculate (a) Spring constant, (b) g and (c) Modulus of rigidity.
7. To determine Coefficient of Viscosity of water by Capillary Flow Method (Poiseuille's method).
8. Todetermine the Young's Modulus of a Wire by suitable method.
9. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a Wire by suitable method.
10. To determine the elastic Constants of a wire by Searle's method.
11. To determine the value of gusing Bar Pendulum.
12. To determine the value of g using Kater's Pendulum.
13.To determine the frequency of anelectric tuning fork by Melde's experiment and verify A:-T lav.
14. To study Lissajous Figures.
Session 2023-2027

5e1l24
28-08-204
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYJGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD

Reference Books:
1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B. L. Flint and H.T.
House Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael
Nelson and Jon M.Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985,
Heinemann Educational Publishers
3. AText Book of Practical Physics,
I.Prakash &Ramakrishna. 11th Edn. 2011, KitabMahal
4. Engineering Practical Physics, S. Panigrahi&
5. Practical Physics, G.L. Squires, 2015, 4th B.Mallick,.2015. Cengage Learning India Pvt.Ltd.
6. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N.
Edition, Cambridge University Press.
Ghosh, BharatiBhawan Publishers.
7. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &
Company, 19th Edition, 1995, Reprint 2014.

Session 2023-2027

28-08-2024
 FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS/RESEARCH
SEMESTER III

PHYSICS-MI 4 THEORY: ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60
Marks: 100 (End Semester Examination=75, Pass Marks = 30
Semester Internal Examination=20, Class Performance & Attendance =05), Pass Marks=10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester lnternal Examination (SE 25. marks) (20+05):
There willbe two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain two questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questions of 1 nmark each. Question No.2 will be shortanswer type of
5 marks. Group B willcontain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to answer.

End Semester Examination (ESE 75 marks):

There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of1 markeach. Question No.2 &3 will be shortanswer type
of 5marks. Group B willcontain descriptive type six questions of ifteen marks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

The course covers static and dynamic electric and magnetic field,
It also includes analysis of electrical circuits and introduction of network theorems.
By the end of the course student should be able to have an in depth understanding of electric
field and electric potential, dielectric properties of matter, growth and decay of current,
magnetic properties of matter analyse electrical circuits using network theorems.
Also, students should learn about the basics of Ballistic galvanomneter.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

After goingthrough the course, the student should be able to

Demonstrate Gauss law, Coulomb's law for the electric field, and apply it to systems ofpoint
charges as well as line, surface, and volume distributions of charges.
Explain and differentiate the vector (electric fields, Coulomb's law) and scalar (electricpotential,
electricpotential energy) formalisms of electrostatics.
+ Apply Gauss's law of electrostatics tosolve a variety of problems.
t Articulate knowledge of electric current, resistance and capacitance in terms of electricfield and
electric potential.
4 Demonstrate a working understanding of capacitors.
Describe the magnetic field produced by magnetic dipoles and electric currents.
Explain Faraday-Lenz and Maxwell laws to articulate the relationship between electricand
magnetic fields.
Understand the dielectric properties, magnetic properties of materials and thephenomena
of electromagnetic induction.
Describe how magnetism is produced and list examples where its effects are observed.
Apply Kirchhoff's rules toanalyze ACcircuits consisting of parallel and/or series combinations
of voltage sources and resistors and to describethe graphical relationship of resistance, capacitor
Session 2023-2027
14
22124
28-0-2y
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
and inductor.
+ Apply various network theorems such as Superposition, Thevenin, Norton, Reciprocity, Maximum
Power Transfer, etc. and their applications in electronics, electrical circuit analysis, and electrical
machines.
In the laboratory course the student will get an opportunity toverify various laws in electricity
and magnetism.
Should be able to verify of various circuit laws, network theorems claborated above, using simple
electric circuits.

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

This course will help in understanding basic concepts of electricity and magnetism and their
applications.
Basic course in electrostatics willequips thestudent with required prerequisitesto understand
electrodynamics phenomena.
COURSE CONTENT

Electric Field and Electric Potential: Conservative nature of Electrostatic Field. Electrostatic Potential.
Laplace's and Poisson equations &its solution in Cartesian coordinates, The Uniqueness Theorem. Gauss'
law in integral and differential form. Multipole expansion (monopole, dipole & quadrupole), energy
density in an electric field. Method of Images and its application to: (1) Plane Infinite Sheet and (2)
Sphere. (12 Lectures)
Dielectric Properties of Matter: Electric Field in matter. Polarization, Polarization Charges. Electrical
Susceptibility and Dielectric Constant. Capacitor (parallel plate, spherical, cylindrical) filled with
dielectric. Displacement vector D. Relations between E, Pand D. Gauss' Law in dielectrics. (8 Lectures)
Transients: Growth and Decay of currents in LR, CR, LC and LCR circuits. (6 Lectures)
Magnetic Properties of Matter: Magnetization vector (M). Magnetic Intensity (H). Magnetic
Susceptibility and permeability. Relation between B, H, M. Ferromagnetism. B-H curve and hysteresis.
(8 Lectures)
Electrical Circuits: Kirchhoffs laws for AC circuits. Complex Reactance and Impedance. Series LCR
Circuit: (1) Resonance, (2) Power Dissipation and (3) Quality Factor, and (4) Band Width. Parallel LCR
Circuit. Anderson's bridge, De Sauty's Bridge and Owen's bridge &their vector diagram representation.
Three phase electrical power supply, delta and star connections.
(12 Lectures)
Network theorems: Ideal Constant-voltage and Constant-current Sources. Network Theorems:
Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Maximum Power Transfer theorem and Superposition Theorem.
(8 Lectures)
Ballistic Galvanometer: Torque on a current Loop. Ballistic Galvanometer: Current and Charge
Sensitivity. Electromagnetic damping. Logarithmic damping. (6 Lectures)

Reference Books:

1, Classical Electromagnetism, H.C. Verma, Bharati Bhawan (Publishers &Distributors); First

Edition, 2022.
2. Electricity, Magnetism &Electromagnetic Theory, S. Mahajan and Choudhury, 2012, TMH
3. Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986 McGraw-Hill Education
4. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.). Griffiths, 3rd Edn., 1998, Benjamin Cummings.
Session 2023-2027

k 15

28-08-2ot4 2gB|2Y
 FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
5. Feynman Lectures Vol.2, R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson Education
6. Elements of Electromagnetics, M.N.0. Sadiku, 2010, 0xford University Press.
7. Electricity and Magnetism, J.H.Fewkes&].Yarwood. Vol. I, 1991, Oxford Univ. Press.
8. Electricity and Magnetism, D. C.Tayal, 1988, Himalaya Publishing House.
9. Electricity and Magnetism K. K. Tewary S. Chand and Company.

PHYSICS-MI 5:PRACTICAL-II
Credits: 04 Lectures: 120 (60X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE):
There willbe one Practical Examination of3Hrs duration. Evaluation of Practical Examination will he as per the
following guidelines:
Experiment 60 marks
Practicalrecord notebook 20 marks
Viva-voce 20 marks

1. Tofind the value of a resistor and its tolerance by colour coding.

2. Use a Multimeter for measuring(a) Resistances, (b)AC and DC Voltages, (c) DCCurrent,
(d) Capacitances, and (e) Checking electrical fuses.
1. To study the characteristics of a series RC Circuit.
2. To verify the laws of combination (series and parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge
3. To determine an unknown Low Resistance using Potentiometer.
4. Toverify Ohm's law for the given unknown resistance.
5. Todetermine an unknown LowResistance using Carey Foster's Bridge.
6 Measurement of field strength Band its variation in a solenoid (determine dB/dx)
7. To verify the Thevenin theorem.
8. To verify the Norton theorem.
9. To verify the Superposition theorem.
10. To verify Maximum power transfer theorem.
11. To determine self-inductance of acoil by Anderson's bridge.
12. To study response curve of a Series LCR circuit and determine its (a) Resonant frequency,
(b) Impedance at resonance, (c) Quality factor Qand (d) Band width.
13. To study the response curve of a parallel LCR circuit and deternmine its (a) Anti-resonant
frequency and (b) Quality factor Q.
14. Measurement of charge and current sensitivity and CDR of Ballistic Galvanometer.

Reference Books:

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House
2. AText Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash& Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal
3. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985,
Heinemann Educational Publishers
4. Engineering Practical Physics, S.Panigrahi and B.Mallick, 2015, Cengage Learning.
5. ALaboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate classes, D.P.Khandelwal, 1985, Vani Pub.
6. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N. Ghosh, Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
7. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &Company, 19th Edition, 1995, Reprint 2014.

Session 2023-2027

16

28-082024
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD
SEMESTER IV

PHYSICS-MI6 THEORY: OPTICS & ELECTROMAGNETICTHEORY

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60
Marks: 100 (End Semester Examination=75, Pass Marks 30
Semester internal Examination=20, Class Performance &Attendance =05), Pass
Marks=10
Instruction to Question Setter for
Semester Internal Examination (SIE 25 marks) (20+05):
There will betwo groups of questions. Group Ais compulsorv which willcontain two
be very short ansSwer type consisting of five questions. Question No.1 wilI
5 macks Group B will contain questions of 1 mark each. Question No.2 will be short
answer type oj
descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to answer.
End Semester Examination(ESE 75 marks):
There will betwo group of questions. Group Ais
be very short answer type consisting offive compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No.1 willI
of 5 marks. Group B willcontain descriptivequestions of1 mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short
answer.
type six questions of Ateen marks each, out of which anyanswer type
four are to
Note: There may be subdivisions in each
question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE
+ The physics and mathematics of wave motion underlie many important phenomena. Light too,
often displays properties that are wave-like. There are a number of phenomena in which light
behaves as waves and displays wave properties such as
interference, diffraction, and
polarization with emphasis of examples as seen in daily life.
The course provides an in depth
understanding of wave phenomena of light, namely,
interference and diffraction with emphasis on practical applications of the same.
+ The course also deals with
electromagnetic theory covering Maxwell's equations, propagation
of electromagnetic (em) waves in different
unbounded and bounded media, production and homogeneous-isotropic as well as anisotropic
detection of different types of polarized em
waveS.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

After going through the course, the student should be able to

Understand Interference as superposition of waves from coherent sources derived from
same
parent source.
Demonstrate understanding of Interference experiments: Young's Double Slit, Fresnel's
biprism,, Newton's Rings.
Demonstrate basic concepts of Diffraction: Superposition of wavelets diffracted from
apertures.
Understand Fraunhofer Diffraction from a slit.
Achieve an understanding of the Maxwell's equations, role of displacement current,
gauge
transformations, scalar and vector potentials, Coulomb and Lorentz gauge, boundary conditions
at theinterface between different media.
4 Apply Maxwell's equations to deduce wave equation,
electromagnetic tield energy, momentum
Session 2023-2027

17

28-08-2024
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
and angular momentum density.
Analyse the phenomena of wave propagation in the unbounded and bounded, media.
Understand the laws of reflection and refraction and to calculate the reflection and transmission
coefficients at plane interface in bounded media.
Understand the linear,circular and elliptical polarisations of em waves. Production as well as
detection of waves in laboratory.
Understand propagation of em waves in uni-axial and biaxial crystalsphase retardation plates
and their uses.
+ Understand the concept of optical rotation, theories of optical rotation and their experimental
rotation,calculation of angle rotation and specific rotation.
+ Verify the laws of Polarisation for plane polarised light.
+ Determine Polarisation of light by Reflection and determine the polarization angle off orair-glass
surface.
+ Study specific rotation of sugar using Polarimeter.
Analyze experimentally the Elliptically Polarised light using Babinet's Compensator
SKILLSTO BE LEARNED

This course in basics of optics and electromagnetic theory will enable the student to understand
various optical phenomena, principles, workings and applications optical instruments,
propagation of electromagnetic waves through different bound and unbound media.
He/ she shalldevelop an understanding of WaveMotion and its properties. Comprehend the role
of Maxwell'sequation in unifying electricity and magnetism.
+ Derive expression for Energy density.
Derive and understand associated with the properties, EM wave passing through the interface
between two media like reflection, refraction, transmission.
Learn the basic physics associated with the polarization of electromagnetic waves by doing
various experiments for plane polarized light, circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized
light.

COURSE CONTENT

Interference: Division of amplitude and wavefront. Interference in Thin Films. Fringes of equal
inclination (Haidinger Fringes): Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton's Rings:
Measurement of wavelength and refractive index. (5 Lectures)
Interferometer: Michelson Interferometer-(1) ldea of form of fringes (No theory required), (2)
Determination of Wavelength, (3) Wavelength Difference, (4) Refractive Index, and (5) Visibility of
Fringes. Fabry-Perot interferometer. (6 Lectures)
Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit. Circular aperture and airy pattern, Resolving Power of a telescope.
Double slit. Plane transmission grating. Resolving power of grating. (7 Lectures)
Fresnel Diffraction:Fresnel's Assumptions. Fresnel's Half-Period Zones for Plane Wave, Explanation of
Rectilinear Propagation of Light. Theory of a Zone Plate:Multiple Fociof a Zone Plate. (5 Lectures)
Maxwell Equations: Derivation of Maxwell's field equations. Displacement Current. Boundary
Conditions at Interface between Different Media. (4 Lectures)
EM Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media: Propagation of EM waves through vacuum and isotropic
dielectric medium, transverse nature of plane EM waves, refractive index and dielectric constant, wave
impedance. Propagation through conducting media, relaxation time, skin depth. Poynting Theorem and
Poynting Vector. (8 Lectures)
Session 2023-2027

18

288|24
28-0820 24
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
EM Wave in Bounded Media: Reflection &Refraction of plane waves at plane interface between two
dielectric media-Laws of Reflection & Refraction. Fresnel's Formulae for perpendicular & parallel
polarization cases, Brewster's law. (8 Lectures)
Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves: Description of Linear, Circular and Elliptical Polarization.
Uniaxial and Biaxial Crystals. Double Refraction. Polarization by Double Refraction. Nicol Prism. Ordinary
&extraordinary refractive indices. Production &detection of Plane, Circularly and Elliptically Polarized
Light. Phase Retardation Plates: Quarter-Wave and Half-Wave Plates. Babinet Compensator and its Uses.
Analysis of Polarized Light. (10Lectures)
Rotatory Polarization: Optical Rotation. Biot's Laws for Rotatory Polarization. Fresnel's Theory of
opticalrotation. Calculation of angleof rotation. Experimental verification of Fresncl's theory. Specific
rotation.
(7Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Fundamentals of Optics, F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, 1981, McGraw-Hill
2. Principles of 0ptics, Max Born and Emil Wolf, 7th Edn, 1999, Pergamon Press.
3. Optics, Ajoy Ghatak, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Optics, B. K. Mathur, Gopal Printing.
5
AText Book on Light, B. Ghosh and K. G. Mazumdar, 5uEdn., Reprint 2015, Sreedhar Publishers.
6 Geometrical and Physical Optics, P. K. Chakraborty, New Central Book Agancy (P) Ltd.
7
AText Book of Optics, Dr. N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal, Dr. M. N. Avadhanulu, S. Chand Publishers.
8. Fundamental of Optics, A. Kumar, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 2011, R. Chand Publications.
9. Classical Electromagnetism, H.C. Verma, Bharati Bhawan (Publishers & Distributors); First
Edition, 2022.
10. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, 3rd Ed., 1998, Benjamin
Cummings.
11. Elements of Electromagnetics, M.N.0. Sadiku, 2001, Oxford University Press.
12. Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory, T.L. Chow, 2006, Jones &Bartlett Learning
13. Fundamentals of Electromagnetics, M.A.W. Miah, 1982, Tata McGraw Hill.
14. Electromagnetic field Theory, R.S. Kshetrimayun, 2012, Cengage Learning.
15. Electromagnetic Field Theory for Engineers &Physicists, G. Lehner, 2010, Springer.
16. Electromagnetic Fields &Waves, P.Lorrain & D.Corson, 1970, W.H.Freeman& Co.
17. Electromagnetics, J.A. Edminster, Schaum Series, 2006, Tata McGraw Hil.
18. Electromagnetic Theory, Chopra and Agarwal, K. Nath& Co., Meerut.
19. Electromagnetic Theory and electrodynamics Satyaprakash,, KedarNath Ram Nath
Publishers
20. Electricity and Magnetism, K.K.Tiwari, S Chand Publishers.
21. Electromagneticfield theory fundamentals, B. Guruand H. Hiziroglu, 2004.
Cambridge University Press.

Session 2023-2027

Suyaateg-08 2024
19
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

PHYSICS-MI7 THEORY: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-II

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60
Marks: 100 (End Semester Examination=75, Pass Marks =30
Semester Internal Examination=20, Class Performance &Attendance =05), Pass Marks10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester Internal Examination (SIE 25 marks) (20+05):
There willbe two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain two questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of 1mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
Smarks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to answer.
End Semester Examination (ESE 25 marks:
There will betwo group of questions. Group Aiscompulsory which willcon tain three questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questions of lmark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of5 marks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type six questions of ffteen marks each, outof which any four are to
answer.
Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OB]ECTIVE

The emphasis of course is to equip students with the mathematical tools required insolving
problem of interest to physicists.
To expose students to fundamental computational physics skills and hence enable themto solve
a wide range of physics problems.
To help students develop critical skills and knowledge that will prepare them not only for
doing fundamental and applied research but also prepare them for a wide variety of careers.
This course will aim at introducing the concepts of Fourier series, special functions, solving linear
partial differential equations by separation of variable method.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

On successfully completing this course, the students will be able to

Represent a periodic function by a sum of harmonics using Fourier series and their applications
in physical problems such as vibrating strings etc.
+ Expand an odd or even function as half range sine and cosine Fourier series.
Understand properties and applications of special functions like Legendre polynomials, Bessel
functions and their diferential equations and their applications in various physical problems
such as in quantum mechanics.
+ Learn about gamma and beta functions and their applications.
+ Understand Dirac-delta function and its properties.
+ Solve linear partial differential equations of second order with separation of variablemethod.
Generate and plot Legendre polynomials and Bessel functions and verify theirrecurrence
relation

SKILLS TOBE LEARNED

+ Training in mathematical tools like calculus, integration, series solution approach, special
function willprepare the student to solve ODE, PDE's which model physicalphenomena.
Session 2023-2027

20

28-08204
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
He /she shall develop an understanding of how to model a given physical phenomenon such as
pendulum motion, rocket motion, stretched string, etc., into set ofODE's, PDE's and solve them.
These skills will help in understanding the behaviour of the modelled system/s.

COURSECONTENT
Fourier series: Periodic functions. Orthogonality of sine and cosine functions, Dirichlet Conditions
(Statement only). Expansion of periodic functions in a series of sine and cosine functions and
determination of Fourier coefficients. Fourier series ofsquare, saw-tooth and triangular waves. Complex
representation of Fourier series. Expansion of functions with arbitrary period. Expansion of non-periodic
functions over an interval. Even and odd functions and their Fourier expansions. Application. Summing
of Infinite Series. (16 Lectures)
Some Special Integrals: Beta and Gamma Functions and Relation between them. Expression of
Integrals in terms of Gamma Functions. (4 Lectures)

Dirac Delta function and its properties: Definition of Dirac delta function. Representation as limit of a
Gaussian function and rectangular function. Properties of Dirac delta function. (6 Lectures)

Special Functions: Legendre and Bessel Differential Equations. Properties of Legendre Polynomials:
Rodrigues Formula, Generating Function, Orthogonality. Simple recurrence relations. Expansion of
function in a series of Legendre Polynomials. Bessel Functions of the First Kind: Generating Function,
simple recurrence relations. Zeros of Bessel Functions and Orthogonality. (20 Lectures)

Theory of Errors: Systematic and Random Errors. Propagation of Errors. Normal Law of Errors.
Standard and Probable Error. (4 Lectures)

Partial Differential Equations: Solutions to partial differential equations, using separation of variables:
Laplace's Equation in problems of rectangular, cylindrical and spherical symmetry. Wave equation and
its solution for vibrational modes of a stretched string, rectangular and circular membranes.
(10 Lectures)

Reference Books:
1. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineers,K.F Riley, M.P. Hobson and S. J. Bence,3rd ed.
2006, CambridgeUniversity Press
2. Mathematics for Physicists, P. Dennery and A.Krzywicki, 1967, Dover Publications
3 Mathematical Physics with Classical Mechanics, Satya Prakash, Sultan Chand & Sons, 2014,
6th edition.
4. Mathematical Physics, P. K. Chattopadhyay, New Age International Publishers, 2004.
5. MathematicalPhysics, B.D. Gupta, Vikash Publishing House, 2010, 4th edition.
6. Fundamental of Mathematical Physics, A. B. Gupta, Books &Allied Ltd, 2012, 5th edition.
7. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: Arfken, Weber, 2005, Harris, Elsevier.
8. Fourier Analysis by M.R. Spiegel, 2004, Tata McGraw-Hill.
9. Mathematics for Physicists, Susan M. Lea, 2004, Thomson Brooks/Cole.
10. Differential Equations, George F. Simmons, 2006, Tata McGraw-Hill.
11. Partial Differential Equations for Scientists&Engineers, S.J. Farlow, 1993, Dover Pub.
12. Engineering Mathematics, S.Pal and S.C. Bhunia, 2015, Oxford University Press.
13. Mathematical methods for Scientists &Engineers, D.A. McQuarrie, 2003, Viva Books.
14. Mathematical Physics, Goswami, 1st edition, Cengage Learning.
Session 2023-2027

28(824 21

28-08-2024
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
15. Engineering Mathematics, S.Pal and S.C. Bhunia, 2015, Oxford University Press.
16. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, 2008, Wiley India.
17. Mathematical Physics, B.S. Rajput, Pragati Prakashan, 21t Edition, 2009.
18. Mathematical Physics, H.K. Dass and R. Verma, S. Chand &Company.
PHYSICS-MI 8:Practical-III
Credits: 04 Lectures: 120(60X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE):
There will be one Practical Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of Practical Examination will be as per the
following guidelines
Experiment *60 marks
Practicatrecord notebook 20 marks
Viva-voce -20 marks

1. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between uand vor between 1/u and
1/v.
2. To determine refractive index (u) of the material of given prism by plotting a graph between
angle of incidence () and angle of deviation (ð).
3. To verify the law of Malus for plane polarized light.
4 Todetermine the specific rotation of sugar solution using Polarimeter.
5. To analyze elliptically polarized Light by using a Babinet's compensator.
6. Familiarization with: Schuster's focusing; determination of angle of prism.
7. To determine refractive index of the Material ofa prism using sodium source.
8. To determine the dispersive power and Cauchy constants of the material of a prism using
mercury source.
9. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Biprism.
10. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton's Rings.
11. To determine the thickness of a thin paper by measuring the width of the interference fringes
produced by awedge-shaped Film.
12. To determine wavelength of (1) Na source and (2) spectral lines of Hg source using plane
diffraction grating.
13. To determine dispersive power and resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.
14. To determine the refractive Index of (1) glass and (2) aliquid by total internal reflection using a
Gaussian eyepiece.
15. To study the polarization of light by reflection and determine the polarizing angle for air glass
interface.
Reference Books:
1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia
PublishingHouse.
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted1985,
Heinemann Educational Publishers
3. A
Text Book of Practical Physics, LPrakash& Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011, KitabMahal
4. Electromagnetic Field Theory for Engineers &Physicists, G. Lehner, 2010, Springer
5. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N. Ghosh, Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
6. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand & Company, 19th Edition, 1995, Reprint 2014.

Session 2023-2027

22

dugntan 2g-08- 2024

 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

SEMESTER V

PHYSICS-MI9 THEORY: THERMAL PHYSICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marksi100(End SemesterExanination=75,PassMarks 30
Semester Internal Examination=20, Class Performance &Atendance =05),Pass Marks=10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester Internal Examination (SE25 matki 2005):
There will be two groups of questions. Group A is compulsory which will contain bwo questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questions ofl mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
Smarks Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to answer.
End Semester Examination (ESE 75. marks):
Ihere willbe two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which willcontain three questions. Question No.1 will
be veryshort answer type consisting offîve questions of 1 markeach. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
ofSmarks Group Bwill contain descriptive type tx questions of ifteen marks each, out of which anyfour are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

This course willintroduce Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory of gases and Statistical Mechanics
to the students.

The primary goal is to understand the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and its applications
to various thermodynamical systems and processes.
This coursework will also enable the students to understand the connection between the
macroscopic observations of physical systems and microscopic behaviour of atoms and molecule
through statistical mechanics.

COURSE LEARNINGOUTCOMES
At the end of this course, students will

Learn the basic concepts of thermodynamics, the first and the second law of thermodynamics,
the concept of entropy and the associated theorems, the thermodynamic potentials and their
physical interpretations. They are also expected to learn Maxwell's thermodynamic relations.
Know the fundamentals of the kinetic theory of gases, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law.
equipartition of energies, mean free path of molecular collisions, viscosity, thermal conductivity,
diffusion and Brownian motion.
Learn about the black body radiations, Stefan- Boltzmann's law, Rayleigh-Jean's law and Planck's
law and their significances.
Learn the quantum statistical distributions, viz., the Bose-Einstein statistics and theFermi-Dirac
statistics.
In the laboratory course, the students are expected to: Measure of
Planck's constant using black
body radiation, determine Stefan's Constant, coefficient of thermal conductivity of a
b2d
conductor and a good conductor, determine the temperature Co- efficient of resistance, study
yariation of thermo emf across two junctions of a thermocouple with
temperature etc.
Session 2023-2027
2

28-08-0y
 FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED
+ In this course the students should be skilled in doing calculations in
thermodynamics and in
statistical mechanics.
They should also be proficient in doing calculations with the kinetic theory of ideal andreal gases.
In the laboratory course, the students should acquire the skills of doing basic experiments in
thermal physics with the right theoretical explanations of results therefrom.
COURSE CONTENT

THERMAL PHYSICS
Introduction to Thermodynamics: Zeroth Law and First Law of thermodynamics and its differential
torm. Internal energy. Reversible and Irreversible process with examples. Inter conversion of Work and
Heat. Carnot's Theoren. Heat Engines. Carnot's Cycle, Carnot engine &etficiency. Refrigerator &
coefficientof performance. (4 Lectures)
Entropy: Concept of entropy, Clausius theorem, Clausius inequality, Second Law of Thermodynamics in
terms of Entropy. Entropy of a perfect gas. Entropy Changes in Reversible and Irreversible processes
with examples. Principle of Increase of Entropy. Entropy of the Universe. Temperature-Entropy
diagrams for Carnot's Cycle. Third Law of Thermodynamics. Unattainability of Absolute Zero.
(5 Lectures)
Thermodynamic Potentials: Thermodynamic Potentials: Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Helnmholtz Fre
Energy, Gibb's Free Energy. Their Deinitions, Properties and Applications. Cooling due to adiabatic
demagnetization, First and second order Phase Transitions with examples. (5 Lectures)
Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations: Derivations and applications of Maxwell's Relations
(1)Clausius Clapeyron equation. (2) Values of Cp-Cv, (3)TdS Equations, (4)Joule-Kelvin coefficient for
ldeal and Van der Waal Gases. (5 Lectures)
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

Molecular Collisions: Mean Free Path. Collision Probability. Estimation of Mean Free Path. Transport
Phenomenon in ldeal Gases: (1) Viscosity, (2) Thermal Conductivity and (3) Diffusion. Brownian Motion
and its Significance. (5 Lectures)
RealGases: Behavior of Real Gases: Deviations from the Ideal Gas Equation. The Virial Equation. Critical
Constants. Boyle Temperature. Van der Waal's Equation of State for Real Gases. Values of Critical
Constants. Law of Corresponding States. P-V diagrams. Free Adiabatic Expansion ofa Perfect Gas. Joule
Thomson Porous Plug Experiment. Joule-Thomson Effect for Real and van der Waal Gases. Temperature
of Inversion. Joule-Thomson Cooling. (8 Lectures)
STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Classical Statistics: Macrostate & Microstate, Elementary Concept of Ensemble, Phase Space, Entropy
and Thermodynamic Probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law, Partition Function,
Thermódynamic Functions of an ldeal Gas, Classical Entropy Expression, Gibbs Paradox, Sackur-Tetrode
equation, Law of Equipartition of Energy (with proof) - Applications to Specific Heat and its Limitations,
Thermodynamic Functions of a Two-Energy Levels System, Negative Temperature. (10Lectures)

Quantum Theory of Radiation: Spectral Distribution of Black Body Radiation. Inadequacy of classical
radiation theory. Planck's Quantum Postulates. Planck's Law of Blackbody Radiation: Experimental
Verification. Deduction of (1) Wien's Distribution Law, (2) Rayleigh-Jeans Law, (3) Stefan-Boltzmann
Law, (4) Wien's Displacement law from Planck's law. (6 Lectures)
Session 2023-2027

24

guntns
28-08-26y
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

Bose-Einstein Statistics: B-E distribution law, Thermodynamicfunctions of a strongly Degenerate Bose

Gas, Bose Einstein condensation, properties of liquid He (qualitative description), Radiation as a photon
gas and Thermodynanmic functions of photon gas. Bose derivation of Planck's law. (6 Lectures)

Fermi-Dirac Statistics: Fermi-Dirac Distribution Law, Thermodynamic functions of a Completely and

strongly Degenerate Fermi Gas, Fermi Energy, Electron gas in aMetal, Specific Heat of Metals.
(6 Lectures)
Reference Books:

1. Heat and Thermodynamics, M.W. Zemansky, Richard Dittman, 1981, McGraw-Hill.

2. Heat and Thermodynamics, P. K. Chakraborty, New Age International Pvt.
3. A Treatise on Heat, Meghnad Saha, and B.N. Srivastava, 1958, Indian Press
4. Thermal Physics,S. Garg, R. Bansal and Ghosh, 2nd Edition, 1993, Tata McGraw-Hill
5. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009, Springer.
6. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory &Statistical Thermodynamics, Sears &Salinger. 1988, Narosa.
7. Conceptsin Thermal Physics, S.J. Blundell and K.M. Blundell, 2nd Ed, 2012, Oxford University
Press
8. Advanced Text Book on Heat, P. K.Chakrabarti, 10'" Edn, Reprint 2015, Sreedhar Prakashan.
9. Thermal Physics, A. Kumar and s.P. Taneja, 2014, R.Chand Publications.
10. Thermal Physics, B.K. Agrawal, Lok Bharti Publications.
11. Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Butterworth Heinemann: 2nd Ed, 1996, Oxford University
Press.
12. Statistical Physics, Berkeley Physics Course, F. Reif, 2008, Tata McGraw-Hill
13. Statistical and Thermal Physics, S. Lokanathan and R.S. Gambhir. 1991, Prentice Hall
14. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Francis W. Sears and Gerhard
L. Salinger, 1986, Narosa.
15. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009, Springer
16. An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics &Thermodynamics, R.H. Swendsen, 2012, Oxford Univ.
Press.

PHYSICS-M[10 THEORY: ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marks: 100(End Semester Examination=75, Pass Marks30

SemesterInternalExamination=20,ClassPerformance&Attendance -05) Pass Marks-Tö

Instructionto Question Setter for

Semester Internal Examination (SE25marks)[20:05):
There willbe two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain two questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questions of 1 markeach. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
5. marks. Group B will contain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to answer.

End Semester Examination (ESE 75mark:

There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which willcontain three questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questionsof 1 mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer tyne
of5 marls. Group B will contain descriptive type six questions of fifteen marks each, out of
which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

Session 2023-2027

28-08-4
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

COURSE OBJECTIVE

* In this paper students willget to learn both about Analog and Digital Electronics.
They willlearnabout the physics of semiconductor p-n junction and devices such as rectifier
diodes,Zener diode, photodiode ctc. and bipolar junction transistors.
Transistor biasing andstabilization circuits are explained. The concept of feedback is discussed
in amplifiers and the oscillator circuits are also studied.
This paper also introduces the concept of Boolean algebra and the basic digital electronics.
In this course, students will be able to understand Arithmetic Circuits.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this course, students will be able to develop following learning outcomes:

+ To have knowledge about characteristics of semiconductor materials in terms of band structure,

movement of charge carriers and to explain properties of n and p type semiconductors.
To know the basicconcepts of p-n junction diode, its fabrication, conduction mechanism and
determine its barrier potential and width.
To learn structure and operation of simple p-n junction devices such as LED, photodiodes, Solar
cells, Zener diodes etc.
+ Toapply the basics of diodes to describe working of rectifier circuits and quantitatively explain
effect of capacitance filter, line and load regulation
n-p-n and p-n-p transistors and basic configurations namely common base, common emitter and
common collector, and also about current and voltage gain.
To understand the structure and operation of BipolarJunction transistors. Also be able bexplain
various current components and characteristics of different configurations. And also have a
general idea about FET.
To describe the application of transistors for current and voltage applications, need for biasing
and stabilization in transistor amplifiers.
To analyze single stage CE and two stage RC coupled transistor amplifier using h- parameter
model of the transistor.
To ingest the effect of feedback in amplifiers and apply them to design different type of oscillators.
Operational amplifiers and knowledge about different configurations namely inverting and
noninverting and applications of operational amplifiers in D toAand A
toDconversions.
In the laboratory course, the students will design combinational logic system for a given
equation minimizing the logic circuit, Adder, Subtractor,
Differentiating with the Analog and Digital circuits, the concepts of number systemslike
Binary, BCD, Octal and hexadecimal are developed to elaborate and focus on the digitalsystems.
Explains the concepts of logic states and logic gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR,XOR and
XNOR as fundamental, universal and derived gates with its utility.
Covers the realisation of NOT, OR and AND gates using diodes and transistors.
Students learn how towrite logical Boolean statements using the truth table, its simplification
using Boolean Algebra, De-Morgan's Theorem and Karnaugh Maps specially the Sum of Products
method and realise the corresponding logic circuit.
Understanding the Arithmetic circuits.

Session 2023-2027

26

28-0820y 29312y
 BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP
SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

semiconductor diodes and their

+ In this course students should be able to learn basic concepts of
applications to rectifiers.
+ Students should also learn about junction transistor and their applications.
+ They should also learn about different types of amplifiers.
+ Students also learn about sinusoidal oscillators.
Learn about different types of amplifiers including operational amplifier. (Op-Amp) and their
applications.
Learn the basics of 1C and digital circuits, and difference between analog and digitalcircuits.
Various logic GATES and their realization using diodes and transmitters.
Learn fundamental of Boolean algebra and their role in constructing digital circuits.
Understand basics Arithmetic circuits.
COURSE CONTENT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS

Semiconductor Diodes: Pand Ntype semiconductors. Energy Level Diagram. Conductivity and Mobility,
Concept of Drift velocity. PN Junction Fabrication (Simple ldea).Barrier Formation in PN Junction Diode.
Static and Dynamic Resistance. Current Flow Mechanism in Forward and Reverse Biased Diode.
Derivation for Barrier Potential, Barrier Width and Current for Step Junction. (4 Lectures)
Two-terminal Devices and their Applications: Half-wave Rectifiers. Centre-tapped and Bridge Full
wave Rectifiers, Calculation of Ripple Factor and Rectification Efficiency, C-filter, Zener Diode andVoltage
Regulation. Principle and structure of LEDs, Photodiode and Solar Cell. (4 Lectures)
Bipolar junction Transistors: n-p-n and p-n-p Transistors. Characteristics of CB, CE and CC
Configurations. Current gains a and B, Relations between a and B. Load Line analysis of Transistors. DC
Load line and Q-point. Physical mechanism of current flow, Active, Cutoff and Saturation Regions.
(4 Lectures)
Amplifiers: Transistor Biasing and Stabilization Circuits. Fixed Bias and Voltage Divider Bias. Transistor
as 2-port Network. h-parameter Equivalent Circuit. Analysis of a single-stage CE amplifier using Hybrid
Model. Input and Output Impedance. Current, Voltage and Power Gains. (4 Lectures)
Coupled Amplifier: Two stage RC-coupled amplifier and its freq. response. (2 Lectures)
FET: JFET- Construction, working and characteristics. (2 Lectures)
Feedback in Amplifiers: Effects of Positive and Negative Feedback on Input Impedance, Output
Impedance, Gain, Stability, Distortion and Noise. (2 Lecture)
Oscillators: Barkhausen's Criterion for self-sustained oscillations. RC Phase shift oscillator,
determination of Frequency. Hartley &Colpitts's oscillators. (4 Lectures)
Operational Amplifiers and Applications: Characteristics of an Ideal and Practical Op- Amp. (1C 741)
Open-loop and Closed-loop Gain. Frequency Response. CMRR. Slew Rate and concept of Virtual ground.
Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, Adder, Subtractor, Differentiator, Integrator, Log amplifier.
(5 Lectures)
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Digital Circuits: Difference between analog and digital circuit, Binary Numbers.
Decimal to Binary and
Binary to Decimal Conversion. BCD, Octal and Hexadecimal numbers. AND, OR and NOT Gates. NAND and
NOR Gates as Universal Gates. XOR and XNOR Gates.
(5 Lectures)
Session 2023-2027 28(84

28-08-2024
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

Boolean algebra: de Morgan's Theorems. Boolean Laws. Simplification of Logic Circuit using Boolean
Algebra. Fundamental Products. Idea of Minterms and Maxterms. Conversion of a Truth table into
Equivalent Logic Circuit by (1) Sum of Products Method and (2) Karnaugh Map. (5Lectures)
Arithmetic Circuits: Binary Addition. Binary Subtraction using 2's Complement. Half and FullAdders.
Half &Full Subtractors, 4-bit binary Adder/Subtractor. (4 Lectures)
Sequential Circuits: SR, D, and JK Flip-Flops. Clocked (Level and Edge Triggered) Flip- Flops. Preset and
Clear operations.Race-around conditions in K Flip-Flop. M/SJK Flip-Flop. (5 Lectures)
Timers: IC 555: block diagram and applications: Astable multivibrator and Monostable multivibrator.
(3 Lectures)

Shift registers: Serial-in-Serial-out, Serial-in-Parallel-out, Parallel-in-Serial-outand Parallel- in-Parallel

out Shift Registers (only up to 4 bits). (2Lectures)
Counters (4 bits): Ring Counter. Asynchronous counters, Decade Counter. Synchronous Counter.
(3 Lectures)
Conversion: Resistive network (Weighted and R-2R Ladder). Accuracy and Resolution. A/D Conversion
(successive approximation). (2 Lectures)

Reference Books:
1. Integrated Electronics, J. Millman and C.C. Halkias, 1991, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.
2. Afirst Course in Electronics, Khan &Dey, PHI, 1/e, 2006.
3. Basic Electronics, Arun Kumar, BharatiBhawan, 1/e, 2007.
4. Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications, J.D. Ryder, 2004, Prentice Hall.
5. Solid State Electronic Devices, B.G. Streetman &S. K. Banerjee, 6th Edn.,2009, PHI Learning.
6. Electronic Devices &circuits, S. Salivahanan &N. S. Kumar, 3rd Ed., 2012, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.
7. OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edition, 2000, Prentice Hall.
8. Microelectronic circuits, A.S. Sedra, K.C. Smith, A.N. Chandorkar, 2014,6th Edn., Oxford University
Press.
9. Analog Systems and Applications, Nutan Lata, Pragati Prakashan.
10. Electronic circuits: Handbook of design &applications, U. Tietze, C. Schenk,2008, Springer.
11. Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology,S.M. Sze, 2nd Ed., 2002, Wiley India.
12. Microelectronic Circuits, M.H. Rashid, 2nd Edition, Cengage Learning.
13. Electronic Devices, 7/e Thomas L. Floyd, 2008, Pearson India.
14. Digital Computer Electronics, Malvino and Brown, 3/e, McGraw Hill Education.
15. Digital Electronics GKKharate ,2010, Oxford University Press.
16. Digital Systems: Principles &Applications, R. J. Tocci, N. S. Widmer, 2001, PHI Learning.
17. Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer.
18. Digital Systems and Applications, Nutan Lata, Pragati Prakashan, 1/e, 2019.
19. Digital Electronics, Subrata Ghoshal, 2012, Cengage Learning.
20. Digital Electronics, S.K. Mandal, 2010, 1st edition, McGraw Hill.
21. Digital Electronics, Floyd.
22. Digitalsystems &Applications, Dr Umamageswari and Dr. M. Sivakumar, Vishal Publishing Co.
2022-23.

Session 2023-2027

28

28-08-202y
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHÀNBAD
PHYSICS-MI 11: Practical-IV
Credits: 04 Lectures: 120 (60X2)
Instruction toQuestion Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE):
There will be one Practical Examination of 3Hrs duration, Evaluation of Practical Examination will be as per the
following guidelines
Experiment 60 marks
Practical record notebook 20 marks
Viva-voce 20 marks

1. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Cu by

2
Searle's Apparatus.
To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivityofa bad conductor by Lee's
disc method.
3. To determine the Temperature Coefficient of Resistance by
Platinum Resistance Thermometer
(PRT).
4. To study the variation of Thermo-Emf of a Thermocouple with
Difference of Temperature of its
Two Junctions. (Use C/C++/Scilab/other numerical simulations for solving the problems based
on Statistical Mechanics like)
5. Plot Planck's law for Black Body radiation and compare it with
Raleigh-Jeans Law at high
temperature and low temperature.
6. To verify the Stefan's lawof radiation and to determine
Stefan's constant.
7. Todetermine the Boltzmann constant using V-I
characteristics of PN junction diode
Plot the following functions with energy at different
temperatures
a) Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
b) Fermi-Dirac distribution
c) Bose-Einstein distribution
9. To study V-I characteristics of PN junction diode, and verification of diode equation.
10. Tostudy the V-Icharacteristics of a Zener diode and its use as voltage regulator.
11. Study of V-I& power curves of solar cells, and find maximum power point &efficiency.
12. To study the characteristics of a Bipolar Junction Transistor in CE configuration.
13. Todesign a CE transistor amplifier of a given gain (mid-gain) using voltage divider bias.
14. Tostudy the frequency response of voltage gain of a RC-coupled transistor amplifier.
15. To design a Wien bridge oscillator for given frequency using an op-amp.
16. To design a phase shift oscillator of given specifications using BJT.
17. To study the characteristics of JFET.
18. Tostudy the Colpitts oscillator.
19. Todesign a digitalto analog converter (DAC) of given specifications.
20. To study the analog to digital convertor (ADC) IC.
21. To design a NOT gate switch using a transistor.
22. To verify and design AND,OR, NOT and XOR gates using NAND gates.
23. Study of Half Adder and Full Adder and 4-bit binary Adder.
24. Study of Half Subtractor, FullSubtractor, Adder-Subtractor using Full Adder L.C.

Reference Books:
1 Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and
H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House.
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M.
Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted1985.
Heinemann Educational Publishers

Session 2023-2027 29.08-24 B8f?4

28-08-204
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
3. AText Book of Practical Physics, I. Prakash &Ramakrishna, 11 th Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal.
Electromagnetic Field Theory for Engineers &Physicists, G. Lehner, 2010, Springer
5. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N. Ghosh, BharatiBhawan Publishers.
6. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &Company, 19th Edition, 1995, Reprint 2014.
7. Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Butterworth Heinemann: 2nd Ed., 1996, Oxford University
Press.
8. Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics, D. Chandler, Oxford University Press, 1987.
9. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Francis W. Sears and Gerhard
L. Salinger, 1986, Narosa.
10. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009, Springer.
11. Statistical and Thermal Physics with computer applications, Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochnik,
Princeton University Press, 2010.
12. Modern Digital Electronics, R.P.Jain, 4th Edition, 2010,Tata McGraw Hill.
13. Basic Electronics: Atext lab manual, P.B. Zbar, A.P. Malvino, M.A. Miller, 1994, Mc-Graw Hil.
14. Basic Electronics: Atext lab manual, P.B. Zbar, A.P. Malvino, M.A. Miller, 1994, Mc-Graw Hil.
15. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N. Ghosh, Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
16. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &Company, 19th Edition, 1995, Reprint 2014.
17. Electronic Principle, Albert Malvino, 2008, Tata Mc-Graw Hil.
18. Electronic Devices &circuit Theory, R.L. Boylestad & L.D. Nashelsky, 2009, Pearson.

Session 2023-2027

30

28-08224
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
SEMESTER VI

PHYSICS-MI 12 THEORY: ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marks: 100 (End Semester Examination=75, Pass MarkS 30

Semester Internal Examination=20, Class Performance &Attendance =05), Pass Marks=10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester lnternal Examination (SE 25 marks) 20+05):
There willbe two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain two questions. Question No.l will
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of l imark each. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
S marks. Group B willcontain descriptive type two questions of tenmarks each, out of which any oneto answer.

End Semester Examination (ESE 25. marks):

There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which willcontain three guestions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questionsof1mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of 5 marks Group Bwill containdescriptive type aix questBons of fifteen mafks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

The course is intended to impart the concept of generalized mathematical constructs in terms of
Algebraic Structures (mainly Vector Spaces) and Tensors to have in-depth analysis of our physical
system. Also this course enables to understand variational principle and apply it to calculate: Geodesics
in two and three dimensions, Euler Lagrange Equation and apply it simple problems in one and
two
dimensions. Again, to acquire basic concept of Hamiltonian, Hamilton's principle and Hamiltonian
equation of motion, Poisson and Lagrange brackets. Learn elementarygroup theory, i.e., definition and
properties of groups, subgroups, Homomorphism, isomorphism, normal and conjugate groups,
representation of groups, Reducible and Irreducible groups. Examples and exercises.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

The students will be able to learn the following from this course:

Demonstration of Algebraic Structures in n-imension. Application of Vector Spaces & Matrices

in the quantum world.
Learn the basic properties of the linear vector space such as linear
dependence and independence
of vectors, change of basis, isomorphism and
homomorphism, linear transformations and their
representation by matrices.
Learn the basic properties of matrices, different types of
matrices viz., Hermitian, skew
Hermitian,orthogonal and unitary matrices and their correspondence to
operators in quantum mechanics. They should also learn how to find physicalquantities, e.g.
the eigenvalues and
eigenvectors of matrices.
4 Learn some basic properties tensors, their
symmetric and antisymmetric nature, the Cartesian
tensors, the general tensors,
contravariant, covariant and mixed tensors and their
transformation properties under coordinate transformations, physicalexamples of tensors such
Session 2023-2027

31
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
as moment of inertiatensor, energy momentum tensor, stress tensor, straintensor etc.
Learn how to express the mathematical equations for the Laws of Physics in their co- variant
forms.
Learn how to express a mathematical equation concerned with an event compatiblewith the
physical system.
SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

Inthis course, the students should the learn the skills of doing calculations with the linear vector
space, matrices, their eigenvalues and eigenvectors, tensors, real and complex fields, linear and
multilinear transformations in various physical situations,e.g., the Lorentz transformations
etc.

They also become efficient in doing calculations with the 'calculus of variation'.
Ability to learn variational principle and do simple application tocalculate geodesics inone, two
and three dimensions.
+ Ability to derive Euler equations of motion and apply it to simple pendulum and harmonic
Oscillator.
Learn basics of group theory.

COURSE CONTENT

Linear Vector Spaces: Abstract Systems. Binary Operations and Relations. Introduction to Groups and
Fields. Vector Spaces and Subspaces. Linear Independence and Dependence of Vectors. Basis and
Dimensions of a Vector Space. Change of basis. Homomorphism and Isomorphism of Vector Spaces.
Linear Transformations. Algebra of Linear Transformations. Non-singular Transformations.
Representation of Linear Transformations by Matrices. (8 Lectures)

Matrices: Addition and Multiplication of Matrices. NullMatrices. Diagonal, Scalar and Unit Matrices.
Upper-Triangular and Lower-Triangular Matrices. Transpose of a Matrix. Symmetric and Skew
Symmetric Matrices. Conjugate of a Matrix. Hermitian and Skew-Hermitian Matrices.Singular and Non
Singular matrices. Orthogonal and Unitary Matrix. Trace of a Matrix. Inner Product. (6 Lectures)

Eigen-values and Eigenvectors. Cayley- Hamiliton Theorem. Diagonalization of Matrices. Solution of

Coupled Linear Ordinary Differential Equations. Functions of a Matrix (5 Lectures)

Cartesian Tensors: Transformation of Co-ordinates. Einstein's Summation Convention. Relation

between Direction Cosines. Tensors. Algebra of Tensors. Sum, Difference and Product of Two Tensors.
Contraction. Quotient Law of Tensors. Symmetric and Anti-symmetric Tensors. Invariant Tensors:
Kronecker and Alternating Tensors. Association of Antisymmetric Tensor of Order Two and Vectors.
Vector Algebra and Calculus using Cartesian Tensors: Scalar and Vector Products, Scalar and Vector
Triple Products. Differentiation. Gradient, Divergence and Curl of Tensor Fields. Vector Identities.
Tensorial Formulation of Analytical Solid Geometry: Equation of a Line. Angle Between Lines. Projection
of a Lineon another Line. Condition for Two Lines to be Coplanar. Foot of the Perpendicular from a
Point on a Line. Rotation Tensor:. Isotropic Tensors. Tensorial Character of PhysicalQuantities. Moment
oflnertia Tensor. Stress and Strain Tensors: Symmetric Nature. Elasticity Tensor. Generalized Hooke's
Law. (16 lectures)

General Tensors: Transformation of Co-ordinates. Minkowski Space. Contravariant & Covariant

Vectors. Contravariant, Covariant and Mixed Tensors. Kronecker Delta and Permutation Tensors.
Session 2023-2027

28-08-2s24 aly
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
Algebra of Tensors. Sum, Difference &Product of Two Tensors.
Contraction. Quotient Law of Tensors.
Symmetric and Anti-symmetric Tensors. Metric Tensor. (7 Lectures)
Calculus of Variations: Variable Calculus: Variational Principle, Euler's
Simple Problems. Geodesics. Concept of Lagrangian. Generalized Equation and itsApplication to
co-ordinates.
moment, Euler-Lagrange's Equations of Motion and its Applications to Simple Definition of canonical
Pendulum and One-dimensional harmonic oscillator). Definition of Problems (e.g. Simple
of Variables. Definition of Generalized Force: Canonical Momenta. Canonical Pair
Definition of Hamiltonian. Hamilton's Principle. Poisson
Brackets and their properties. Lagrange Brackets and their
properties. (10 Lectures)
Group Theory: Review of sets, Mapping and Binary Operations,
Relation, Types of Relations. Groups:
Elementary properties of groups, uniqueness of solution, Subgroup, Centre of a group, Co-sets of a
subgroup, cyclic group, Permutation/Transformation.
Normaland conjugate subgroups, Completeness and Kernel.Homomorphism and Isomorphism of group.
Some special groups with operators. Matrix
Representations: Reducible and Irreducible. Lie groups and Lie algebra with SU(2), 0(3) and SU(3)
as an example.
(8 Lectures)
Reference BookS:
1. Mathematical Tools for Physics, James Nearing, 2010, Dover
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken,H.J. Weber,Publications.
and F.E. Harris,
1970, Elsevier.
3. Mathematical Methods for Physicists and Engineers, K.F Riley, M.P. Hobson and S. J.
ed., 2006, Cambridge University Press. Bence, 3rd
4. Mathematics for Physicists, P. Dennery and
A.Krzywicki, 1967, Dover Publications.
5. Schaum's Outline of Complex Variables, Murray R.
Spiegel, Seymour Lipschutz, John J. Schiller,
Dennis Spellman, Second Edtion.
6. Complex Variables, A. S. Fokas & M. J. Ablowitz, 8th Ed., 2011,
7. Complex Variables and Applications, J.W. Brown & R.V. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Churchill, 7th Ed. 2003, Tata McGraw-Hill.
8. First course in complex analysis with applications, D.G. Zill and
P.D. Shanahan, 1940, Jones &
Bartlett.
9. Mathematical Physics, B.S. Rajput, Pragati Prakashan, Edition: XXXI, 2019.
10. Mathematical Physics HK Dass, Rama Verma, Revised
Edition 2018, S. Chand and Company
Limited.
11. Linear Algebra, W. Cheney, E. W. Cheney & D.R.
Kincaid, 2012, Jones & Bartlett Learning.
12. Mathematics for Physicists, Susan M. Lea, 2004,
Thomson Brooks/Cole.

PHYSICS-MI 13 THEORY: ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marks: 100 (End Semester Examination=75, Pass Marks 30

Semester Internal Examination=20, Class Performance &Attendance =05), Pass Marks=10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester Internal Examination (SIE 25 marks) (20+05):
There will betwo groups of questions. GroupA is comnpulsory which will
he verv short answer type consisting of five questions of 1
contain two questions. Question No.1 will
mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer tvne of
Smarks. Group B willcontain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of
which any one to answer

Session 2023-2027

ouunti
33

28-0820y
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
End Semester Examination (ESE 75 marks):
There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questions of I mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of 5imarks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type ix questions of fteen marks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

This course introduces modern development in Physics that ushered in relativity and quantum physics
which not only revolutionized mankind's understanding of time, space, atomic and sub-atomic
structures that make up the matter around us, but also ledto fascinating developments in
technology that are being witnessed all around us. Beginning with technological marvels like
clectronics, spectroscopy,semiconductor-bascd devices,IC chips, lasers, harnessing of nuclear energy.
satellite communication, atomic clocks, GPS, space travel, scanning tunnelling microscope, nano
materials, nano- technology, CCDs, etc. modern physics brought forth useful tools in our daily lives like
laptop computers, mobile phones, laser pointers, LEDS, LCD screens, so on and so forth. Therefore, the
objective of this course is to teach the physical and mathematical foundations necessary for learning
various topics in modern physics. Starting from Planck's law, this course introduces experimental
observation of photo-ejection of electrons, idea of wave- particle duality as well as Bohr model of atoms
and,then it develops the formulation of Schrodinger equation and the idea of probability interpretation
associated with wave

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

The students will be able to learn the following from this course:

Quantum measurements and the theory of wave packets and uncertainty principle.
The central concepts of quantum mechanics: wave functions, momentum and energy operator,
the Schrodinger equation, time dependent and time independent cases, probability density and
the normalization techniques, skill development on problem solving e.g. one-dimensional rigid
box, tunnelling through potential barrier, step potential, rectangular barrier.
The properties of nuclei like density, size, binding energy, nuclear forces andstructure of atomic
nucleus, liquid drop model and nuclear shell model and mass formula.
Decay rates and lifetime of radioactive decays like alpha, beta, gamma decay. Neutrino, its
properties and its role in theory of beta decay.
Fission and fusion well as nuclear processes to produce nuclear energy in nuclearreactor and
stellar energy in stars.
+ Various interactions of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Electron positron paircreation.
The spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation, optical pumping and population
inversion. Three level and four level lasers. Ruby laser and He-Ne laser in details. Basic lasing.
In the laboratory course, the students willget opportunity to measure Planck's constant by
more than one method, verify photoelectric effect and determination of the work Function of a
metal, determine e/m of electron.
lonization potential of atoms, wavelength of the emission lines in the spectrum of Hydrogen
atom,absorption lines in the rotational spectrum of molecules.
The wavelength of Laser sources by single and Double slit experiment and the wavelength and
angular spread of He-Ne Laser using plane diffraction grating.

Session 2023-2027

34

28082y 28|3)2Y
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

Comprehend the failure of classical physics and need for quantum physics.
Grasp the basic foundation of variousexperiments establishing the quantum physics bydoing the
experiments in laboratory and interpreting them.
Formulate the basic theoretical problems in one-, two- and three-dimensional physics andsolve
them.

Learning to apply the basic skills developedin quantum physics to various problems in
Nuclear Physics
Atomic Physics
Laser Physics
Learn to apply basic quantum physics to Ruby Laser, He-Ne Laser
Thiscourse shall develop an understanding of how to modela given problem such asparticle in a
box, hydrogen atom, hydrogen atom in electric fields.
These skills will help in understanding the different Quantum Systems in atomic and nuclear
physics.

COURSE CONTENT

Quantum theory of Light: Planck's concept of light as a collection of photons; Photo-electric effect and
Compton scattering. Wave particle duality, de Broglie wavelength and matter waves; Two-Slit
experiment with electrons. Wave description of particles by wave packets. Group and Phase velocities
and relation between them. Probability. Wave amplitude and wave functions. Davisson-Germer
experiment. Discreteness of energy. Frank-Hertz Experiment. (14 Lectures)
Quantum Üncertainty: Heisenberg uncertainty principle (Uncertainty relations involving Canonical
pair of variables), gamma ray microscope thought experiment; Derivation from Wave Packets
impossibility of aparticle followinga trajectory; Estimating minimum energy of a confined particle using
uncertainty principle; Energy-time uncertainty principle- application to various physical problems.
(5 Lectures)
Matter waves and wave amplitude: Postulates of Quantum mechanics, Schrodinger equation for non
relativistic particles; Physical observables as operators, Position, Momentum and Energy operators;
stationary states; Physical interpretation of a wave function, probabilities and normalization; Probability
and probability current densities in one dimension. (10 Lectures)
One dimensional infinitely rigid box: energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, normalization;
Quantum
mechanical scattering and tunnelling in one dimension- acrosS a step potential & rectangular potential
barrier.
(10 Lectures)
Atomic nucleus: General properties of nuclei. Nature of nuclear force, Nuclear radius and its relation
with atomic weight. Nucleus as a Liquid drop, Semi-empirical mass formula and its significance. Shell
model and magic numbers.
(6 Lectures)
Radioactivity: Stability of the nucleus; Law of radioactive decay; Mean life and half-life: Successive
disintegration; Elementary idea: Alpha decay; Beta decay- energy released, spectrum and Pauli's
prediction of neutrino; Gamma ray emission, energy momentum conservation:
electron-positron pair
creation by gamma photons in the vicinity of a nucleus. (8 Lectures)
Fission and fusion: Massdeficit and generation of energy; Fission - nature of
fragments and emission of
neutrons. Nuclear reactor: slow neutrons interacting with Uranium 235; Fusion and thermonuclesr
reactions driving stellar energy (brief qualitative discussions).
(3 Lectures)
Session 2023-2027

28-6 8-20y 238]2y

 FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
Lasers: Einstein's Aand Bcoefficients. Metastable states. Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions. Optical
Laser system (basic concept). Ruby
Pumping and Population Inversion. Three-Level and Four-Level (4 Lectures)
Laser and He-Ne Laser.

Reference Books:
Mathews and K. Venkatesan, 2nd Ed., 2010, McGraw
1. A Text book of Quantum Mechanics, P. M.
Hill.
Quantum Mechanics, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, 2nd Edn.,
2002, Wiley.
2.
Hill.
3. Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rd Edn. 2010, Tata McGraw
4. Quantum Mechanics,G. Aruldhas, 2nd Edn. 2002, PHI Learning of India.
5. Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 2008, Jones and Bartlett Learning,
Springer.
6. Quantum Mechanics: Foundations &Applications, Arno Bohm, 3rdEdn., 1993,
University Press.
7. Quantum Mechanics for Scientists &Engineers, D.A.B. Miller, 2008, Cambridge
Quantum Mechanics, Eugen Merzbacher, 2004, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
9. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D.J. Griffith, 2nd Ed. 2005, PearsonEducation
10. Quantum Mechanics, Walter Greiner, 4th Edn., 2001, Springer.
11. Quantum Physics, H. C. Verma, 2018,Surya Publications.
12. Quantum Mechanics, S. N. Biswas, Books &Allied (P) Ltd.
13. Advanced Quantum Mechanics, Satya Prakash, KedarNath Ram Nath Publisher.
14. Schaum's Outline of Modern Physics, McGraw-Hill, 1999.
15. Schaum's Outline of College Physics, by E. Hecht, 11th edition, McGraw Hill, 2009.
16. Modern Physics by KSivaprasath and R Murugeshan, S Chand Publication, 2010.
17. Quantum Mechanics: 500 problems and solutions by G. Aruldhas. PHI Learning Pvt.Ltd., 2016.
18. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Nikhil Ranjan Roy, 2015, Vikas Publishing.
19. Elements of Nuclear Physics, Nikhil Ranjan Roy and Rakesh Kumar Pandey, Atlantic publishers &
Distributors (P) Ltd., 2024.
20. An introduction to Lasers Theory and Applications, M N Avadhanulu, PS Hemne, S. Chand
Publishing; First edition, 2012.
21. Lasers And Non-Linear Optics, B. B. Laud, New Age International Private Limited,2011.
22. Lasers and Non-linear optics, G. D. Baruah, Pragati Prakashan, 2021.

PHYSICS-M 14 THEORY: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND APPLICATIONS

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marks: 100 (Bnd Semestér Eamiatlon 75 Pass Marks s30

Semester lnternal Examinations20,Class Pertormance &Attendance =05), Pass Marks=10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester Internal Examination SE25marks) r20+05):
There will be two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain wo quesions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of I markeach. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
5 marks. Group B will contain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to answer.

End Semester Examination (ESESmarks):

There willbe two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No.I will
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of 1 markeach. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of 5marks. Group B willcontain descriptive type six questions of 'fteen inarks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

Session 2023-2027

36

28-08-2Dy
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

COURSE OBJECTIVE

After learning the elements of modern physics, students would be poised to learn more advanced topics
like how to solve the Schrodinger equation for spherically symmetric potentials. Then, in this course,
eigenvalues and eigen functions of the Hamiltonian as wellas the orbital angular momentum would be
studied. Furthermore, application of Schrodinger cquation to various quantum mechanical problems
would be taken up. The spin angular momentum of electrons would also be introduced in the course.
COURSELEARNING OUTCOMES
The students will be able to learn the following from this course:

+ Familiarization with quantum mechanics formulation.

After an exposition of inadequacies of classical mechanics in explaining microscopic phenomena,
quantum theory formulation is introduced through Schrodinger equation.
The interpretation of wave function of quantum particle and probabilistic nature of its location
and subtler points of quantum phenomena are exposed to the
student.
Methods to solve time-dependent and time-independent Schrodinger equation
Through understanding the behaviour of quantum particle encountering a barrier potential,
the student gets exposed to solving non-relativistic hydrogen atom, for its
spectrum and
eigenfunctions.
Study of influence of electric and magnetic fields on atoms will help
effect and Zeeman Effect respectively. inunderstanding Stark
+ Angular momentum: Orbital angular
momentum and spin angular momentum.
Bosons and fermions - symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions.
+ Application to atomic
systems
SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

This course shalldevelop an understanding of how to model a given problem such as

particle a box etc. atom etc using wave function, operators and solve them.
hydrogen,
These skills willhelp in understanding the different Quantum Systems.

COURSE CONTENT

Time dependent Schrodinger equation: Time dependent

Schrodinger equation and dynamical
evolution of aquantum state; Properties of Wave Function. Interpretation ofWave Function.
and probability current densities in three dimensions; Conditions for Probability
Physical Acceptability of Wave
Functions. Normalization. Linearity and Superposition Principles. Eigenvalues and
commutator of position and momentum Eigenfunctions.
operators; Expectation values of position and momentum.
Wave Function of aFree Particle.
(6 Lectures)
Time independent Schrodinger Equation: Hamiltonian,
stationary states
expansion of an arbitrary wavefunction as a linear combination of energy and energy eigenvalues;
solution of the time independent Schrodinger equation in terms of linear eigenfunctions: General
states: Application to spread of Gaussian wave-packet for a free combinations of stationary
particle in one dimension; wave packets.
Position-momentum uncertainty principle.
Session 2023-2027 818(24 (10Lectures)

28-08-2
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
General discussion of bound states in an arbitrary potential: Continuity of wavefunction, boundary
condition and emergence of discrete energy levels; applitation to one-dimensional problem-square well
potential; Quantum mechanics of sinmple harmonic oscillator-encrgy levels and energy eigenfunctions
using Frobenius method; Hermite polynomials; ground state, zero- point energy &uncertainty principle.
(12 Lectures)
Quantum theory of hydrogen-like atoms: Angular momentum operator and commutation relation
between them. time independent Schrodinger cquation in spherical polar coordinates; separation of
variables for second order partial differential equation; angular momentum operator & quantum
numbers; Radialwvavefunctions from Frobenius method; shapes of the probability densities for ground
&first excited states; Orbital angular momentum quantum numbers land m; S, p, d.. (10 Lectures)
Atoms in Electric &Magmetic Fields: Electron angular momentum. Space quantization. Electron Spin
and Spin Angular Momentum. Larmor's Theorem. Spin Magnetic Moment. Stern- Gerlach Experiment.
Zeeman Effect: Electron Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Energy, Gyromagnetic Ratio and Bohr
Magneton. Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect. Paschen Back effect. (12 Lectures)
Single and Many electron atoms: Pauli's Exclusion Principle. Symmetric & Antisymmetric Wave
Functions. Periodic table. Fine structure. Spin orbit coupling. Spectral Notations for Atomic States. Total
angular momentunm. Vector Model. Spin-orbit coupling in atoms-L-S and J- Jcouplings. Hund's Rule.
(10 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. A Text book of Quantum Mechanics, P. M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, 2nd Ed., 2010, McGraw
Hill.
2. Quantum Mechanics, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, 2nd Edn., 2002, Wiley.
3. Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rd Edn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Quantum Mechanics, G. Aruldhas,2nd Edn. 2002, PHI Learning of India.
5. Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 2008, Jones and Bartlett Learning.
6. Quantum Mechanics: Foundations &Applications, Arno Bohm, 3rd Edn., 1993, Springer.
7. Quantum Mechanics for Scientists & Engineers, D.A.B. Miller, 2008, Cambridge University Press.
8. Quantum Mechanics, Eugen Merzbacher, 2004, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
9. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D.J. Griffith, 2nd Ed. 2005, Pearson Education
10. Quantum Mechanics, Walter Greiner, 4th Edn., 2001, Springer.
11. Quantum Physics, H. C. Verma, 2018, Surya Publications.
12. Quantum Mechanics, S. N. Biswas, Books &Allied (P) Ltd.
13. Advanced Quantum Mechanics, Satya Prakash, KedarNath Ram Nath Publisher.
14. Introduction toQuantum Mechanics, Nikhil Ranjan Roy, 2015, Vikas Publishing.

Session 2023-2027

38

daugutin
2808-26y
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS-MI 15: Practical-v
Credits: 04 Lectures: 120 (60X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE):
There will be one Practical Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of Practical Examination will be as per the
following guidelines
Experiment 60 marks
Practical record notebook =20marks
Viva-voce 20 marks

1. To determine work function of material of filament of directly heated

vacuum diode.
2 To determine the ionization potential of mercury.
3. To determine value of Planck's constant using LEDs of at least 4
different colours.
4. To determine the wavelength of H-alpha emission line of Hydrogen
5. To determine the absorption lines in the atom.
rotational spectrum of lodine vapour.
6. To study the diffraction patterns of single and double slits using laser and
measure itsintensity variation using Photosensor & compare with incoherent
Source- Na.
7. Photo-electric effect: photo current versus intensity and wavelength of light;
maximumenergy of photo-electrons versus frequency of light
8. To determine the value of e/m by (a) Magnetic
focusing or (b) Bar magnet.
9. Tosetup the Millikan oil drop apparatus and determine the charge of an
electron.
10. Study of Electron spin resonance- determine magnetic field as a
function of the
resonance frequency.
11. Study of Zeeman effect: with external magneticfield;
Hyperfine splitting
12. To show the tunnelling effect in tunnel diode using I-V
characteristics.
Reference Books:
1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T.
Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House.
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M.
Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted
1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers.
3 A Text Book of Practical Physics, I. Prakash& Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011,
KitabMahal.
4. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N. Ghosh, Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
5. An Advanced Course in Practical Physics, D.
Chattopadhyay & P. C. Rakshit, 2013,New Book
Agency (P) Ltd.
6. Practical Physics, G.L. Squires, 2015, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press
7. B.SC. Practical Physics, H. Singh & P. S. Hemne, 2011, S Chand and
Company Ltd
8. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and
Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition,reprinted
1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers.
9. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &Company, 19th
Edition, 1995, Reprint 2014.
10. Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rd Edn. 2010,Tata McGraw Hill.
11. Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 2008, Jones and Bartlett
Learning,
12. Elements of Solid-State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Ed., 2006, Prentice-Hall of India.

Session 2023-2027

28-08-y 2218P4 39
 PHYSICS HONS/RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
SEMESTER VII

PHYSICS-MI16 THEORY: CLASSICAL DYNAMICS

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60
Marks: 100 (End SemesterExamination=75,. Pass Marks 30
Semester nternal Examinaton=20, Class Performance &Attendance =ö5), Pass Marksu1

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester lnternal Exanination (SE25.macks) 20+05):
There willbe two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which willcontain two questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questions of I mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
Smarks Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to answer.
End Semester Examingtion (E 75 marks):
There willbetwo group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No.l will
be very short answer ype consisting offve questions of 1markeach. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of 5 marks. Group B will contain descriptive type six questions of fifteen marks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

This course on classical dynamics trains the student in problem solving ability and develops
understanding of physical problems. The course begins with the review of Newton's Laws of Motion
and ends with the Special Theory of Relativity by 4-vector approach and fluids. Students will also learn
the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Mechanics. The emphasis of this course is to enhance the
understanding of Classical Mechanics (Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Approach). By the end of this
course, students should be able to solve the seen or unseen problems/numericals in classical mechanics.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Understand the physical principle behind the derivation of Lagrange and Hamilton equations,
and the advantages of these formulations.
Translate physical problems into appropriate mathematical language and apply
appropriate
mathematical tools - particularly, calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, and the calculus
of variations - to analyse and solve the resulting
equations.
Apply Lagrangian & Hamiltonian methods to complex motion problems.
One willbe able to relate symmetries to conservation laws in physical systems, and
apply these
concepts to practical situations.
t Understand the intricacies of motion of particle in central force field. Critical thinkingand
problem-solving skills
Review the retarded potentials, potentials due to a moving charge, Lienard Wiechert
potentials,
electric and magnetic fields due to a moving charge, power radiated, Larmor's formula and its
relativisticgeneralization.
Recapitulate and learn the special theory of relativity- postulates of the special theory of
relativity, Lorentz transformations on space-time and other four vectors, four-vector
notations,
space-time invariant, length contraction, time dilation, mass-energy relation, Doppler effect, light
Session 2023-2027

40
S 24
28-02-204 A
 BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP
cone and its significance, problems involving energy- momentumn conservations.
Learn the basics of fluid dynamics, streamline andtrbulent flow, Reynolds's number, coefficient
of viscosity and Poiseuille'sequation.
Upon taking the classical dynamics course students will be able to integrate competently the
knowledge and skills acquired in post-undergraduate studies.

SKILLS TOBE LEARNED

Learn to define generalised coordinates, generalised velocities, generalised force and write
Lagrangian for mechanical system in terms of generalised coordinates.
Learn to derive Euler-Lagrange equation of motion and solve them for simplemechanical
systems.
Learn to write Hamiltonian for mechanical systems and derive and solve Hamilton'sequation
of motion for simple mechanical systems.
Formulate the problem of small amplitude oscillation and solve them to obtain normalmodes
of oscillation and their frequencies in simple mechanical systems.
Develop the basic concepts of special theory of relativity and its applications todynamical
systems of particles.
Develop the methods of relativistic kinematics of one and two particle system and its
application to two particle decay and scattering.
Develop and understand the basic concepts of fluid dynamics and its applications tosimple
problems in liquid flow.
COURSE CONTENT

Classical Mechanics of Point Particles:Generalized coordinates and velocities, Hamilton's principle,

Lagrangian equations, Euler-Lagrange equations- one- dimensional Simple Harmonic Oscillations and
falling body in uniform gravity; applications to simple systems such as coupled oscillators. Canonical
momenta &Hamiltonian. Hamilton's equations of motion. Applications: solution of Hamilton's equation
for Simple Harmonic Oscillations; particle in a central force field- conservation of angular momentum
and energy. (22 Lectures)

Small Amplitude Oscillations: Minima of potential energy and points of stable equilibrium, expansion
of the potential energy around a minimum, small amplitude oscillations about the minimum, normal
modes of oscillations example of Nidentical masses connected in a linear fashion to (N -1) -jdentical
springs. (10 Lectures)

Special Theory of Relativity: Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity. Lorentz Transformations.

Minkowski space. The invariant interval, light cone and world lines. Space- time diagrams. Time -dilation.
lengthcontraction and twin paradox. Four-vectors: space-like, time-like and light-like. Four-velocity and
acceleration. Metric and alternating tensors. Four- momentum and energy-mnomentum relation. Doppler
effect from afour-vector perspective. Concept of four-force. Conservation of four-momentum, Relativistic
kinematics. Application to two-body decay of an unstable particle. (18 Lectures)
Elements of computational techniques: Root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by
tranezoid and Simpson's rule, Solution of first order differential equation using Runge-Kutta method
Finite difference methods.
524
(10Lectures)
Session 2023-2027

28-08-y
 FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
Reference Books:
3rdEdn., Pearson Education, 2002.
1. Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, C.P. Poole, J.L. Safko,
Mechanics, L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Pergamon, 1976.
Hall.
2. Classical Mechanics, P.S. Joag, N.C. Rana, 1st Edn., McGraw
2015.
3. Classical Mechanics, R. Douglas Gregory, Cambridge University Press,
Oxford Press, 2010.
4. Solved Problems in classical Mechanics, O.L. Delange and J. Pierrus,
5. Classical Mechanics, Tai L. Chow, CRC Press.
6. Introduction to Classical Mechanics, Nikhil Ranjan Roy, Vikash Publishing.
7. Classical Mechanics, J. C. Upadhyaya, Himalaya Publishing House, 1January, 2019.
8. Classical Mechanics, Gupta, Kumar, Sharnma, Pragati Prakashan, 2012.
Publication, 2020.
9. Classical Mechanics, B. D. Gupta, Satya Prakash, Kedar Nath Ram Nath

PHYSICS-MI 17 THEORY:SOLID STATEPHYSICS

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marks: 100 (End Semester Examination=75, Pass Marks 30

Semester Internal Examination-20, Class Performance &Attendance -05), Pass Marks=10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester lnternal Examination (SIE 25 marks) (20+05).
There willbe two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain two questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting offve questions of 1 mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
S marks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to answer.

End Semester Examination (ESE ZS marks):

There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will con tain three questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of fve questions of l mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of S marks. Group B will contain descriptive type six questions of ffteen marks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

The introduction to this course caters to the basic concepts and principles to understand the various
properties exhibited by condensed matter, especially solids. These properties depend on the chemical
constituents making the particular solid and their arrangement in the crystal. Asemi-classical approach
is used to introduce various models, from toy model to a higher level, suitable to explain the particular
property exhibited by the solid. Towards the end of this course some basic nuclear physics and
radioactivity have been introduced.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

On completion of the course students will be able to:

Learn the concept of lattice, crystals and symmetry operations.

4 Explain the concepts such as the reciprocal lattice and the Brillouin zone and thedynamics of
atoms and electrons in solids.
Explain diffraction of X-rays by solids to determine the crystal structure.
Understand the elementary lattice dynamics and its influence on the properties of materials.
Session 2023-2027
42

28-08-20ny
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP B8MKU, DHANBAD
Understand lattice vibrations, phonons and in depth Einstein and Debye theory of
heat of solids. specific
Describe the main features of the physics of electrons in solids.
Understand the origin of energy bands, and how they influence electronic
Explain the origin of dia-, para-, and ferro-nmagnetic behavior.
properties of solids.
Explain the origin of the dielectric properties exhibited by solids and the
+ Understand the basics of phase concept of polarizability.
to superconductivity in so lid.
transitions and the preliminary concept and
experiments related
Apply the gained knowledge tosolve problems insolid state
tools. physics using relevant mathematical
To appreciate how matter exhibits such
interesting and wonderful properties and
the importance of solid-state physics in the communicate
The understand properties of nuclei like
modern society.
density, size, binding energy, nuclear forces and
structure of atomic nucleus, liquid drop model and mass
To calculate the decay rates and lifetime of formula.
radioactive decays like alpha and beta
Fission and fusion well as nuclear processes to produce
nuclear energy in nuclear reactor and
stellar energy in stars.
To carry out experiments based on the theory that they
have learned to
susceptibility, dielectric constant, trace hysteresis loop. They will also measure
employ
the magnetic
to four probe
methods to measure electrical conductivity and the hall set up to determine the hall
of a semiconductor. coefficient

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

Learn basics of crystal structure and physics of lattice

Learn the physics of different types of material like
dynamics
magnetic materials, dielectricmaterials,
metals and their properties.
Understand the physics of insulators, semiconductor and conductors with
the elementary band theory of semiconductors. specialemphasis on
Comprehend the basic theory of superconductors. Type I and II
properties and physical concept of BCS theory. superconductors, their

COURSE CONTENT

Crystal Structure: Solids: Amorphous and Crystalline Materials. Lattice

lattice, Lattice with a Basis - Central and Non-Central Elements. Translation Vectors. Bravais
Unit Cell. Miller Indices. Reciprocal
Lattice. Types of Lattices. Brillouin Zones. Diffraction of X-rays by
X-ray diffraction, Atomic and Geometrical Factor.
Crystals. Bragg's Law, Laue theorv of
(12Lectures)
Elementary Lattice Dynamics: Lattice Vibrations and Phonons: Linear
Chains. Acoustical and Optical Phonons. Qualitative description Monoatomic and Diatomic
of the Phonon Spectrum in Solids. Dulong
andPetit's Law, Einstein and Debye theories of specificheat of solids. T3 law
(10 Lectures)
Magnetic Properties of Matter: Dia-, Para-, Ferri- and Ferromagnetic Materials.
Theoryof dia- and Paramagnetic Domains. Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Classical Langevin
Jaw. Weiss's Theory of Ferromagnetism and Ferromagnetic Paramagnetisn. Curie's
Domains. Discussion of B-H Curve. Hysteresis
and Energy Loss.
(8 Lectures)

Session 2023-2027
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
Dielectric Properties of Materials: Polarization. Local Electric Field at an Atom. Depolarization Field.
Electric Susceptibility. Polarizability. Clausius Mossotti Equation. Classical Theory of Electric
Polarizability. Normal and Anomalous Dispersion. Cauchy and Sellmeir relations. Langevin-Debye
equation. Complex Dielectric Constant. Optical Phenomena. Application: Plasma 0scillations, Plasma
Frequency, Plasmons. (8Lectures)
Ferroelectric Properties of Materials: Structural phase transition, Classification of crystals,
Piezoelectric effect, Pyroelectric effect, Ferroelectric effect, Electrostrictive effect, Curie-Weiss Law,
Ferroelectric domains, PE hysteresis loop. (6lectures)
Elementary band theory: Bloch Theorem, Kronig Penny model. Band Gap. Conductor, Semiconductor
(P and Ntype) and insulator. Conductivity of Semiconductor, mobility, Hall Effect. Measurement of
conductivity (four-probe method) &Hall coefficient. (10 Lectures)

Superconductivity: Experimental Results. CriticalTemperature. Critical magnetic field. Meissner effect.

Type landtype II Superconductors, London's Equation and Penetration Depth. Isotope effect. BCS theory
(elementary idea). (6 Lectures)

Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, 8th Edition, 2004, Wiley India
Pvt. Ltd.
2. Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Edition, 2006, Prentice-Hall of India.
3. Introduction to Solids, Leonid V. Azaroff, 2004,Tata Mc-Graw Hill.
4. Solid State Physics, N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin, 1976, Cengage Learning.
5. Solid-state Physics, H. Ibach and H. Luth, 2009, Springer.
6. Elementary Solid State Physics, 1/e M. Ali Omar,1999,Pearson India.
7. Solid State Physics, M.A. Wahab, 2011, Narosa Publications.
8. Solid State Physics, Puri and Babbar, S. Chand Publications, 1* Edition 1997, Reprint 2016.
9. Solid State Physics, M.K. Mahan and P. Mahto, 2008, BhartiBhawan.
10. Introduction to Solid State Physics ,Arun Kumar, PHI Learning.

PHYSICS-MI18 THEORY: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marks: 100 (End Semester Exannaton 75 PassMarks 30

Semester iternal Exáranation 20.ClassParförmaDde&Aitebdanoe H05) Pass MaFkóiö

Instruction toQuestion Setter for

SemesterInternal Exanination (5E25 narks)2005
There willbe two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain two Questonis. Question No.l will
be very short answer bype consisting ofhve questions of Lmark each. Question No.2 willbe short answer type of
5marks. Group Bwillcontain descriptive type twouestions of ten marks each, out of which any ònëto answer.
End Semester Examination (ESE 75 marks):
There will be two group ofquestions. Group Ais compulsory which willcontain three questions. Question No.I wil!
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of 1 markeach. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of 5marks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type atxquestions of fiteen marks each,out of which any fouY are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

Session 2023-2027

5e78124 44

28-08-2024
 BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP

COURSE OBJECTIVE

properties. It
The objective of the course is to impart the understanding of subatomic particles and their
techniques and their applications in
will emphasize to gain knowledge about the different nuclear
different branches of Physics and application to society. The phenomenology and experimental
foundations of nuclear and particle physics are exploredin this course. Emphasis is on the fundamental
forces and particles, as wellas composites. The students will learn how cutting-edge research is trying
to answer the big questions about our universe. In addition, they will learn how new ideas find their
way from fundamental research to specific applications that have practical value. They will
understand the relevance of everything from development and construction of anuclear physics
experimental equipment including accelerators and detectors, and eventually their use in order to
study the structure of nucleus. By the end of the course, the students wouldbe able to explain the
basic properties of nuclei, classify elementary particles into hadrons and leptons, and understand how
hadrons are constructed from quarks. Thev will also learn about flavor quantum numbers such as
isospin, strangeness, etc. The course will focus on the developments of problem-based skills.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

To be able to understand the basic properties of nuclei as well as knowledge of experimental
determination of the same, the concept of binding energy, its various dependent parameters, N
Z curves and their significance
Toappreciate the formulations and contrasts between different nuclear models such as Liquid
drop model, Fermi gas model and Shell Model and evidences in support.
+ Knowledge of radioactivity and decay laws. A detailed analysis, comparison and energy
kinematics of alpha, beta and gamma decays.
Familiarization with different types of nuclear reactions, Q- values, compound and direct
reactions.
To know about energy losses due to ionizing radiations, energy losses of electrons, gamma ray
interactions through matter and neutron interaction with matter. Throughthe section on
accelerators students willacquire knowledge about Accelerator facilitiesin India along with a
comparative study of a range of detectors and accelerators whichare building blocks of
modern-day science.
It will acquaint students with the nature and magnitude of different forces, particleinteractions,
families of sub- atomic particles with the different conservation laws, concept of quark model.
The acquired knowledge can be applied in the areas of nuclear medicine, medical physics,
archaeology, geology and other interdisciplinary fields of Physics and Chemistry. It will enhance
the special skills required for these fields.

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

4Skills to describe and explain the properties of nuclei and derive them from variousmodels
of nuclear structure.
To understand, explain and derive the various theoretical
formulation of nucleardisintegration
like adecay, Bdecay and Ddecays.
4 Develop basic understanding of nuclear reactions and decays with help of
formulate and laboratory experiments.
theoretical
Skills to develop basic understanding of the interaction of various
nuclear radiation withmatter
in low and high energy.
4 Ability to understand, construct and operate simple detector
systems for nuclearradiation and
Session 2023-2027
2244
45
28-o-2024
29B|2y
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD
training to work with various types of nuclear accelerators.
Develop basic knowledge of elementary particles as fundamerntal
properties,conservation laws during their interactions with matter.
constituent of matter,their

COURSECONTENT
General Properties of Nuclei: Constituents of nucleus and their
Intrinsic properties, quantitative facts
about mass, radii, charge density (nmatter density), binding energy,
variation with mass number, main features of binding energy versusaverage binding energy and its
mass number curve, N/A plot,
angular momentum, Spin parity, magnetiC moment, electric moments,
nuclear excites states.
(8Lectures)
Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model approach, semi empirical mass
various terms, condition of nuclear stability, two nucleon separation formula and significance of its
energies,
structure, nuclear magic numbers, basic assumption of shell model, conceptevidence for nuclear shell
of mean field, residual
interaction, concept of nuclear force. (8Lectures)
Radioactive Decay: (a) Alpha decay: basics of a-decay processes, theory of
Geiger Nuttall law, a-decay spectroscopy. (b) B-decay: energy a-emission, Gamow factor,.
kinematics for ß-decay, positron emission,
electron capture, neutrino hypothesis. (c) Gamma decay: Gamma rays
emission & kinematics, internal
conversion.
(8 Lectures)
Nuclear Reactions: Types of Reactions, Conservation Laws,
kinematics of
reaction rate, reaction cross section, Concept of compound and direct reactions, Q-value equation,
reaction, resonance reaction,
Coulomb scattering (Rutherford scattering).
(8Lectures)
Interaction of Nuclear Radiation with matter: Energy loss due to ionization
energy loss of electrons, Cerenkov radiation. Gamma ray interaction through (Bethe-Bloch formula),
matter, photoelectric effect,
Compton scattering, pair production, neutron interaction with matter.
(8 Lectures)

Nuclear Radiation Detectors: Behaviour of ion pairs in electric field, Gas

detectors: estimation of
electric field, mobility of particle, for ionization chamber and GM Counter. Basic
principle of
Detectors and construction of photo-multiplier tube (PMT). Semiconductor Detectors (Si Scintillation
charge particle and photon detection (concept of charge carrier and mobility), and Ge) for
neutron detector.
(8 Lectures)
Particle Accelerators: Accelerator facility. available in India: Van-de
Graaff Generator (Tandem
accelerator), Linear accelerator, Cyclotron, Synchrotrons. Betatron. (4 Lectures)
Particle Physics: Particle interactions; types of particles and its families.
Laws: energy and momentum, angular momentum, Parity, Baryon
Symmetries and Conservation
number, Lepton number, Isospin,
Strangeness and Charm, Concept of quark model, Colour quantum number and gluons. Baryon octet
Meson octet. and
(8Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Introductory nuclear Physics by Kenneth S. Krane Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.,
2008.
2. Concepts of Nuclear Physics byBernard L. Cohen. Tata Mcgraw Hill, 1998.
3. Theoretical Nuclear Physics, J.M. Blatt &V. F. Weisskopf, Dover
Pub.Inc., 1991.
4. Nuclear Physics, S. N. Ghosal, S. Chand Publisher, 1994.
5. Nuclear Physics, D. C. Tayal, 2011, Himalaya Publishing House.
6. Basic ideas and concepts in Nuclear Physics, K. Heyde,3rd Edition.,
Institute of Physics Pub.

Session 2023-2027

46

28-08- 204
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
7. FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Bciser, Shobhit Mahajan, S. Rai
Hill. Choudhury 2017, McGraw
8. Introduction to Modern
Physics, Rich Mever, Kennard, Coop, 2002, Tata
9. Physics for scientists and McGraw Hill
Engincers with Modern Physics, Jewett and Serway,
Cengage Learning 2010,
10. Modern Physics, 1.R. Taylor,
C.D. Zafiratos, M.A. Dubson, 2004, PHI
11. Theory and Problems of Learning.
Modern Physics, Schaum's outline, R. Gautreau and W.
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. Savin, 2nd Edn.,
12. Elenments of Nuclear Physics, Nikhil
Ranjan Roy and Rakesh Kumar Pandey, Atlantic
Distributors (P) Ltd., 2024. publishers &

PHYSICS-MI 19: Practical-VI

Credits: 04 Lectures: 120 (60X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE):
There will be one Practical Examination of 3Hrs
following guidelines duration. Evaluation of Practical Examination will be as per the
Experiment 60 marks
Practical record notebook 20marks
Viva-voce =20 marks

1. Study of Electron spin resonance- determine

magnetic field as a function of the resonance
frequency.
2. To measure the resistivity ofa
3.
semiconductor (Ge) by P-N Junction diode.
To measure the resistivity of a
semiconductor (Ge) with
(room temperature to 150°C) and to determine its band gap.temperature by four-probe method
4 Todetermine the Hall coefficient of a
5. To measure the Dielectric semiconductor sample.
Constant of a dielectric Materials with frequency
6 Tostudy the PE Hysteresis loop of a Ferroelectric Crystal.
7. To draw the BH curve of Fe using
Solenoid & determine energy loss from Hysteresis.
8 To measure the
Magnetic susceptibility of Solids.
9. To determine the Coupling
Coefficient of a Piezoelectric crystal.
10. To measure the Dielectric Constant ofa dielectric
Materials with frequency.
11. Measurement of susceptibility of paramagnetic solution
(Quinck's Tube Method).
Reference Books:
1, Adyvanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop,
House.
1971, Asia Publishing
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th
1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers. Edition, reprinted
3. A Text Book of Practical Physics, I. Prakash&
Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal.
4. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N. Ghosh, Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
5. An Advanced Course in Practical Physics, D.
Chattopadhyay & P. C. Rakshit, 2013,New Book
Agency (P) Ltd.
6. Practical Physics, G.L. Squires, 2015, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press
7. B.Sc. Practical Physics, H. Singh & P. S. Hemne, 2011, S Chand and Company Ltd

Session 2023-202 7

auntan
28-0 8-2024
28)PPy
47
 PHYSICS HONS/RESEARCH FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD
8. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M.
Ogborn, 4th Edition,reprinted
1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers.
9. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &Company, 19th Edition, 1995,
Reprint 2014.
10. Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3 Edn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill.
11. Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 2008, Jones and Bartlett
Learning.
12. Elements of Solid-State Physics, J. P. Srivastava, 2nd Ed., 2006, Prentice-Hall of India.

Session 2023-2027

48

2-8-08-204
 BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP

SEMESTER VIII

PHYSICS-MI 20 THEORY: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS (QUANTUM

APPROACH) AND LASER PHYSICS
Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marks: 100(End Senmester Examination=75, Pass Marks =30

Semester lnternal Examination=20, Class Performance &Attendance =05), Pass Marks=10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester Internal Examination (sIE25 marks) 20+05):
There will be two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain two questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting of ive questions of 1 mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
S marks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to answer.

End Semester Examination (ESE 25 matks):

There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questtons. Question No. 1 will
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of1 mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of S marks Group Bwill contain descriptive type six questions of ffteen markseach, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE
The main objective is to teach students the basic atomic structures with quantum mechanical approach
leading to their fundamental spectroscopies. The effect of magnetic and electric field on the atomic
spectra is also highlighted. To teach the students the nature of molecular spectra (rotational, vibrational,
electronic and Raman), polyatomic molecules (including diatomic) are classified on the basis of their
topologicalsymmetry. The fundamentals of electronic states will also be taught. Also, the LASER part of
this course will enable the students to understand the two-, three-and four- level laser systems also the
non-linear interaction of light with matter.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Details of atomicand diatomic molecular (diatomic) structures in terms of quantum mechanical

treatment elaborately beyond the basic models. It willgive the descriptions of fine and hyperfine
structure of atoms and molecular. Space quantization, commutator algebra, theory of orbital and
spin angular momenta. Clebsch-Gordon coefficients for unitary transformation.
The various coupling schemes and interactions of fields with spectra will enrich the student's
knowledge about transitions. The details of these spectroscopies would serve as the
fundamentals for various concerned experimental studies.
+ Analyzing the polyatomic molecules (including diatomic) and to predict the nature of
their
vibrational spectra depending on their symmetry using IR Raman Spectroscopy.
The complete picture of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of polyatomic
molecules
will be comprehended. This kind of specialization is expected to provide a larger
scope for
research in the various related and interdisciplinary areas.
Understanding fundamental physical processes of the laser.
Understanding Einstein's postulates and laser field with unique properties not found in ordinary
light.
Session 2023-2027
94
49
28-08-2024
 FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED
various important quantum
Learn about the spectrum of 1 electron and many electron atoms;
Spectroscopic
mechanical models to study the electronic structure of many electron systems;
terms which represent the states.
interactions of the electromagnetic
Have an intuitive understanding about the outcomes of the
process. They
radiation with the various atoms and the molecules and the rules governing this
spectrums arising due
willlearn about the rotational, vibrational, clectronic Raman and infrared
to this interaction.
Gain in-depth knowledge about the molecular structure using various concepts.
various types of
Learn the fundannentals and the principles of lasers. Also, they will learn about
lasers developed with time. Also, the principle of Holography.

COURSE CONTENT
density, Space
One electron system: Quantum states of an electron in an atom, Electron Probability
Quantization, Electron Spin,Stern-Gerlach experiment, Spectroscopic terms and selection rules, Spin
orbit interaction energy, Relativistic corrections for energy levels of Hydrogen atom, Hydrogen fine
structure, Hyperfine structure, Isotopic shift, Width of spectral lines, Pauli exclusion principle, Exchange
symmetry of wave function. (8 Lectures)
Two-electron system: Hartree-Fock theory, L-S and JJ couplings, equivalent and non-equivalent
electrons, Spectrum of Helium atom and alkali atom, Ortho and para modification, Normal and
Anomalous Zeeman effect, Paschen-Back effect, Characteristics X-ray Spectra: Kossel's Explanation and
Moseley Law,Augur effect. (10 Lectures)
Vibration-rotational spectra of diatomic molecules: Types of molecules, Diatomic linear symmetric
top, Asymmetric-top and Spherical-top, Pure rotational spectra-The diatomic molecule as rigid rotator,
Non-rigid rotator, Selection rules, Vibrational spectra of Harmonic oscillator, Anharmonic oscillator and
vibrational-rotational spectra, Isotopic effect on vibrational-rotational spectra, Intensity of rotation
vibration spectra, Raman spectra of diatomic molecules. (10 Lectures)

Electronic spectra: Classification of electronic states, Electronic and total energy: Born-Oppenheimer
approximation, Vibrationalstructure of electronic transitions, Rotational fine structure, P, Q, Rbranches
of a band, The Fortrat parabola, Intensity of electronic bands, Franck Condon principle: Absorption &
emission, Isotopic effect on electronic states, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Electron Spin Resonance,
Chemical shift. (10 Lectures)
LASER PHYSICS
Laser rate equations and types of lasers: Three-level and Four- level laser rate equations. The Nd3
YAG laser, The Neodymium Glass laser, The CO; Laser, Semiconductor Laser, Dye lasers, Liquid Laser.
(6 Lectures)
Laser Resonators, Coherence, and Advanced Systems: Cavity resonators and shaping of beams,
condition for steady state laser oscillation, Cavity modes, qualitative description of longitudinal and
transverse electromagnetic modes, Quality factor Q, Theory of Q-Switching, Methods of Q-switching,
Mode locking theory, Techniques of mode locking. (8 Lectures)
Holography:Principle of Holography. Recording and Reconstruction Method. Theory of Holography as
Interference between two Plane Waves. Point source holograms, Characteristics and its applications.
(3Lectures)

Session 2023-2027

50

28-08-ny
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
Non-linear Interaction and Applications: Non-linear interaction of light with matter, Harmonic
generation, second-order Harmonic generation, third-order harmonic generation, phase
matching,
optical mixing, multiphoton processes. (5 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. H. E. White, Introduction to Atomic Spectra, McGraw-Hill Inc., US, 1934.
G.Herzberg, Atomic Spectra and Structure, Vol. I &I1, 1944.
3. G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and
Structure, 1950.
4. C. N. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular
Spectroscopy,
5. Raj Kumar, Atomic and Molecular Spectra and Laser, KedarMcGraw-HillHigher Ed., 1994.
Nath Ram Nath, Merrut, India, 2012.
6. K. P. R. Nair, Atom, Molecules and Laser., Alpha
Science International Ltd., USA, 2006.
7. B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain, Physics of Atoms &
8. H. Huber and G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra
Molecules, Prentice Hall, 1982.
and Molecular Structure, Springer, 1950.
9. S. N. Ghoshal, Atomic Physics,S.
Chand, 1991.
10. G. Aruldhas, Molecular Structure and
Spectroscopy, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2014.
11. M. N. Avadhanuluand P. S. Hemne, An Introduction to Lasers:
Theory and Applications, S. Chand
Publishing, First Edition, 2012.
12. Leonard 1. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, 3rd Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 1968.
13. R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Edition,
14. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Springer, 2010.
Mechanics, 2nd Edition, Pearson, 2015.
15. Nouredine Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and
16. John R. Taylor, Scattering Theory: The Quantum Theory of
Applications, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2009.
Edition, Dover Publications, 2006.
Nonrelativistic Collisions, Revised
17. B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics, 2nd
Edition, Pearson, 2000.
18. V. K. Thankappan, Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Edition, New Age
International Publishers, 1996.
PHYSICS-AM 1 THEORY: ADVANCED QUANTUM MECHANICS
Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marks: 100 (End Semester Examination=75, Pass Marks =30

Semester Internal Examination=20, Class Performance &Attendance -05), Pass Marks=10

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester Internal Examination (SE25marks)l20+05):
There willbe two groups of questions. Group Ais comnpulsory which willcontain two questions. Question No,1 will
be very short answer type consisting of five questions of 1 mark each. Question No.2 will be
short answer type of
5 marks. Group B willcontain descriptive type two questions of ten marks each, out of which any one to
answer.
End Semester Examination (ESE S marks):
There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No.1 will
bevery short answer type consisting offive questions of l markeach. Question No.2 &3 will be shortanswer type
of 5marks. Group B will contain descriptive type stx questions offifteen marks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE
After completing this course on Advanced Quantum Mechanics, students will gain an essential
understanding necessary for theoretical formulation of physical phenomena at the quantum Jevel in
matter and radiation fields. This foundation will support further study in various advanced tonics in
quantum physics.
Session 2023-2027 588(14
51

-2024
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Develop a foundational understanding of Quantum Mechanics needed for various quantum

mechanical approaches.
+ Understand the significance of quantum numbers in explaining atomic structures, including the
hydrogen atom and multi-electronsystems.
Grasp the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics and the significance of the Schrödinger,
Heisenberg, and interaction pictures.
Comprehendspace quantization,commutator algebra, and the theory of orbital and spin angular
momenta.

Use Clebsch-Gordon coefficients for unitary transformations.

Apply stationary perturbation theory for approximate solutions to quantum mechanical
problems.
Understand the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations,including their applications and limitations.
Learn the principles of quantizing the clectromagnetic field.

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

Grasp basicconcepts and principles of quantum mechanics and their applications tosystems like
the simple harmonic oscillator.
Master the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics.
+ Apply the Schrödinger, Heisenberg, and interaction pictures, particularly to the linear harmonic
oscillator.
Understand and use commutation relations for angular momentum operators.
+ Solve angular momentum problems using Clebsch-Gordon coefficients.
Employ various approximation techniques to solve quantum systems.
Distinguish between particles with half-integer and integer spin; understand the implications of
symmetric and antisymmetric wavefunctions.
Calculate energy levels and wave functions for quantum systems with conserved quantities.
Explore the semi-classical theory of radiation, including the derivation and significance of
Einstein's A and B coefficients.

COURSE CONTENT
Matrix formulation of QM: Harmonic Oscillator by Schrödinger equation and by matrix method, Matrix
formulation of Quantum Mechanics, Schrödinger, Heisenberg and interaction pictures and their
applications to linear harmonicoscillator. (7 Lectures)
Angular Momentum: Commutation relations for angular operators, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Pauli
spinmatrices and spin eigenvectors, addition theorem, Clebsch-Gordon coefficients, angular momentum
and rotation, motion in centrally symmetric field, Schrödinger's theory of Hydrogen atom. (11 Lectures)
Approximation method in QM: Time independent perturbation theory, non-degenerate and
degenerate cases, Stark effect, Variational methods - Application to ground state of Hydrogen atom and
first excitedstate of harmonic oscillator, WKB approximation. Time dependent perturbation theory and
Fermi's golden rule, selection rules. ldentical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, spin-statistics
connection, Semi-classical theory of radiation-Einstein Aand Bcoefficients. (16 Lectures)
Elementary theory of scattering: Laboratory and Centre of mass reference frames, scattering
amplitude, differential scattering cross section and total scattering cross section. Scattering by

SeSsion 2023-2027
52

28-08 2024
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
spherically symmetric potentials, partial wave analysis and phase shifts, Born approXimation, S-matrix
scattering and T-matrix scattering theories. (11 lectures)
RelativisticQM: Klein - Gordon equation and its merit and demerit, Dirac equation, probabilities and
current densities, Magnetic moment and spin of electron, free particle solution of Dirac equation and
interpretation of negative energy states. (9 Lectures)
Second Quantization: Canonical Quantization of ficlds, Second Ouantization of KGfields, Dirac fields
and EM fields.
(6 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Leonard 1. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, 3rd Edition,
2 McGraw-Hill, 1968.
Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Edition, Springer, 2010.
3. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, 2nd
Edition, Pearson, 2015.
4. Nouredine Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications, 2nd Edition,
Wiley, 2009.
5. John R. Taylor, Scattering Theory: The Quantum Theory of Nonrelativistic Collisions,
Revised
Edition, Dover Publications, 2006.
6 B. H. Bransden and C. J.
Joachain, Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Edition, Pearson, 2000.
7 V.K. Thankappan, Quantunm Mechanics, 2nd Edition, New Age International Publishers, 1996.
8. }.J. Sakurai and Jim Napolitano, Modern Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Edition,
9. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Bernard Diu, and Franck Laloë, Quantum
Addison-Wesley, 2010.
2005.
Mechanics, 2 Volumes, Wiley,
10. Franz Schwabl, Advanced Quantum Mechanics, 4th
Edition, Springer, 2008.
11. Hans A. Bethe and Edwin E. Salpeter, Ouantum Mechanics of One- and
Two-Electron Atoms,
Springer, 2008.
12. Paul Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 4th Edition, Oxford
University Press, 1981.
13. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics:
Non-Relativistic Theory, 3rd Edition,
Pergamon Press, 1981.
14. Albert Messiah, Quantum Mechanics, 2 Volumes, Dover
Publications, 2014.
15. E. Merzbacher, Quantum Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 1998.
16. Walter Greiner, Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction, 4th
Edition, Springer, 2001.
17. Julian Schwinger, Quantum Mechanics: Symbolism of Atomic
Measurements, Springer, 2001.
18. P. M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, ATextbook of Quantum Mechanics,
2nd Edition, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2010.
19. Ajoy Ghatak and S. Lokanathan, Quantum Mechanics: Theory and
Macmillan India, 2004.
Applications, Sth Edition,
20. B. K. Agarwal and Hari Prakash,Quantum Mechanics, 1st Edition, PHI
Learning Pvt. Ltd., 1997.
21. Aruldhas G., Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.,
2022.
22. Ashok Das and A. C. Melissinos, Quantum Mechanics: A
Modern Introduction, Gordon and Breach
Science Publishers, 1986.

PHYSICS-AMI 2 THEORY: ADVANCED THEORETICAL PHYSICS

(ELECTRODYNAMICS, STATISTICAL MECHANICS, CONDENSED
MATTER PHYSICS & NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS)
Credits: 04 Lectures: 60

Marks:100 (End Semester Examtnation 75,PassMarks 30

Semester Internal Examination=20, Class Performance &Attendance =05), Pass Marks=10

Instruction toQuestion Setter for

Semester Internal Examination (SE 25matks) [20+05):
Session 2023-2027
 FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
which will contain two questions. Question No.1 will
There will be two groups of questions. Group Ais compulsory
De very short answer type consisting of fve questions
ofl mark each. Question No.2 will be short answer type of
of ten marks each, out of which any.one to answer.
Smarks. Group B will contain descriptive type two questions

End Semester Examination (ESE75 marks):

will contain three questions Question No.1 will
There willbe two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
each.
be very short answer type consisting offve questtons of1 mark
of 5 marks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type six questions of Afteen marks each, out of which any four are to
answer.
Examinations.
Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory

COURSE OBJECTIVE
that
This course on Advanced Theoretical Physics aims to deepen understanding by integrating topics
Physics,
Mechanics, Condensed Matter
have not been thoroughly covered in Electrodynamics, Statistical
potentials,
and Nuclear and Particle Physics. The Electrodynamics section focuses on electromagnetic
electrodynamics. In Statistical
the dynamics of moving charges, radiating systems, and relativistic and Non
Mechanics, topics include Quantum Statistics, Phase Transitions, High-Density Gases,
Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics. The Condensed Matter Physics section explores Transport
Particle
Phenomena, Electronic Properties, Magnetism, Superconductivity, and Defects. The Nuclear and
Physics section addresses two-body problems, Nuclear B-Decay, Nuclear Reactions, and provides a basic
understanding of Particle Physics.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Electrodynamics:
Review concepts of Electromagnetic Vector and Scalar Potentials, and the Wave Equation,
including the Lorentz condition.
Understand the Retarded potential, Lienard-Wiechert potentials, and the electromagnetic fields
produced by moving and accelerated charges.
Develop asolid grasp of Minkowski space, Lorentz transformations, Four Vectors, and the
transformation of charge and current densities.
Learn the transformation equations for electromagnetic potentials and the invariance of
Maxwell's field egquations using four-vectors and tensors.
Statistical Mechanics:
+ Understand Liouville's Theorem and the Density Matrix.
+ Explore the properties of degenerate Bose gases, Bose-Einstein condensation, and the thermal
properties of Bose-Einstein gas and liquid helium.
Comprehend the Ising model, Bragg-Williams Approximation, Landau theory of phase
transitions,and mean field theories.
+ Learn about high-density astrophysical objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars
(Chandrasekhar mass limit).
Understand Brownian motion through Langevin's equation and solve the Fokker-Planck
equation.
Condensed Matter Physics:
Grasp the fundamentals of Boltzmann transport equation, relaxation time approximation, and
Sommerfeld theory of electrical conductivity.
Develop concepts related to electrons in a periodic lattice, free electron approximation, tight
binding approximation, and Fermi surface topology.
Session 2023-2027

8/24 54

28-08-2024 29/L|24/
 BBMKU,DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP
Learn about magnetic phenomena, including the Heisenberg model, spin waves, magnons, and
ferromagnetic domains.
4 Understand superconductivity basics, including the BCS theory and Josephson eftects.
+ Gain knowledge about defects in crystals, liquid crystalline order, and quasi-crystals.
Nuclear &Particle Physics:
t Analyse two-body problems, including the deuteron structure and low-energy neutron-proton
scattering.
Understand Fermi's theory of beta decay and its associated phenomena, such as Kurie plots and
parity violation.
Develop a framework for nuclear reactions, incuding compound nucleus theory and the Breit
Wigner formula.
Learn about fundamental symmetries and violations (CP and CPT invariance), classification of
hadrons, Lie algebra, SU(2)-SU (3) multiplets, and the quark model.
SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

Develop problem-solving skills related to electromagnetic potentials and relativistic

electrodynamics.
Understand the behaviour of Fermi and Bose gases and analyse phase transitions using
theoretical models.
t Apply the Fokker-Planck equation to phenomena such as Brownian motion.
Gain insight into advanced topics like the de Haas van Alphen Effect, superconductivity, and
magnetic domains.
Solve the deuteron problem and understand the principles behind Nuclear B-Decay and other
nuclear reactions.
Obtain foundational knowledge of particle physics, including the classification of particles and
the quark model.

COURSE CONTENT

ELECTRODYNAMICS
Electromagnetic potentials: Electromagnetic Vector and Scalar Potentials, Wave equation. Lorentz
condition.Non-Uniqueness of electronmagnetic potentialsand concept of gauge. (3 lectures)
Electrodynamics of a moving charge and radiating systems: Retarded potential, Lienard-Wiechert
potentials and derivation of LW potential of a moving point charge. Electric and Magnetic fields due to
uniformly moving point charge and accelerated charge. Angular Distribution of Radiation emitted by
accelerated charge. Radiation Damping: Abraham Lorentz formula. (6 lectures)
Relativistic Electrodynamics:Minkowski space, Geometrical interpretation of Lorentz transformations
of space and time, Four Vectors, Transformation for charge and current density, Covariance of
Continuity
equation and Lorentz condition. Transformation equations for the electromagnetic potentials.
Jnvariance of Maxwell field equation in terms of four vectors. Electromagnetic field tensor,
Maxwell's
equation in covariance Four Tensor Form.
(6 lectures)
STATISTICAL MECHANICS (QUANTUM APPROACH);
Quantum Ensemble Theory: Liouville's Theorem and Density Matrix. (1 lecture)
Ouantum Statistics: Equation of state of ideal Fermi and Bose gases, Degenerate electron
gas and
specificheat, Degenerate Bose gas, Bose- Einsteincondensation, Thermalproperties of
Bose-Einstein eas
and liquid He, The Lambda transition, Liquid Helium I and Il.
(5 lectures)
Session 2023-2027
2
Songuntasl
28-08-2044
55
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
Phase Transitions: Ising model, Bragg-Williams Approximation, Mean field theories of the Ising model
In one-dimension, Exact solutions in one dimension, Landau
theory of first and second-order phase
transition. (4 lectures)
High-Density Gases: Equation of state at very high density, Equilibrium of bodies of large mass,
Chandrasekhar mass limit, White dwarf and neutron stars. (2 lectures)
Non-Equilibrium (fluctuation) Statistical Mechanics: Langevin's equation and Brownian motion,The
Fokker-Planck Equation, Solution on Fokker-Planck Equation- application to Brownian motion.
(2 lectures)
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
Transport phenomena: Boltzmann transport equation - relaxation time approximation, Sommerfeld
theory ofelectrical conductivity. (2Lectures)
Electronic Properties: Electron in a Periodic lattice, Free electron approximation, Tight binding
approxinmation- application to a simple cubic lattice,Cellular and Pseudopotential method, Topology of
Fermisurface, de Haas van Alphen Effect. (5 Lectures)
Magnetism: Exchange interaction, Heisenberg model and molecular field theory, spin waves and
magnons, Ferromagnetic domains and Bloch Wall energy. (3 Lectures)
Superconductivity: Basic properties of superconductors, a.c. and d.c. Josephson effect, BCS theory,
superfluidity. (3Lectures)
Defects and dislocations: Qualitative description of defects in crystals-point, line and plane
defects,
translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order. Quasi crystals. (2Lectures)
NUCLEAR & PARTICLE PHYSICS
Two-body problems: ground state of the deuteron, excited state of the deuteron.
Two-body
Kinematics, cross-sections, low energy neutron-proton scattering and proton- proton scattering:
effective range theory, coherent scattering of neutrons by Ortho- and scattering,
Para-hydrogen, charge
independence and charge symmetry of nuclear forces, Isospin formalism, Yukawa interaction.
(6 lectures)
Nuclear B-Decay: Fermi's theory of betadecay, Kurie plots,Comparative half-life,allowed andforbidden
transitions, selection rules in beta decay, Non-conservation of parity in beta decay. (2 lectures)
Nuclear reactions: Statistical theory of the compound nucleus, Ghosal
formula, direct reactions, optical model. experiment, Breit-Wigner
(4 lectures)
Particle Physics: Parity, Charge conjugation and Time reversal, CP violation, CPT
invariance and its
consequences, classification of hadrons, Lie algebra, SU (2) -SU (3) multiplets, Quark model, Gellmann
Okubo mass formula for octet and decuplet hadrons,
Gellman-Nishijima formula, Unification of forces
(qualitative description of electro-weak, GUT and SUSY models).
(4 lectures)
Reference BookS:
1. S. P. Chopra and G. C. Agarwal, Electromagnetic Theory, K. Nath &
Co., 1990.
2. S. L. Gupta, V. Kumar, and H. V. Singh, Electrodynamics, Pragati
Prakashan, 2001.
3. Satyaprakash, Electromagnetic Theory and Electrodynamics, Kedar Nath Ram Nath,
2006.
4. John D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd Edition,
Wiley, 1999.
5. B.B. Laud, Electromagnetics, New Age International
Publishers, 1987.
6. P. Sengupta, Classical Electrodynamics, New Age
International Publishers, 2010.
7. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to
Session 2023-2027
Electrodynamics, 4th Edition, Pearson, 2013.
56

28-08 2024 284)24

 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
8. Edward C. Jordan and Keith G.
Balmain, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating
Systems, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1968.
9. Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Elements of
Press, 2014.
Electromagnetics,6th Edition, Oxford University
10. Ashutosh Pramanik, Electromagnetism: Theory and
Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2014.
Applications, 2nd Edition, PHI
11. Frank S. Crawford Jr., Waves, Berkeley Physics
Course, Vol. 3, McGraw-Hill, 1968.
12. S.K. Sinha, Statistical Mechanics, 1st
Edition, 1984, S. Chand & Co.
18. Kerson Huang, Statistical Mechanics, 2nd
Edition,1987,
19. L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics, 1st Wiley
20. R.K. Patharia, Statistical Mechanics,2nd Edition, Edition, 1980, Pergamon Press
21. B.B. Laud, Fundamentals of Statistical
2011, Butterworth-Heinemann
Mechanics, 1st Edition, 1981, New Age International
22. R.K. Srivastava and J. Ashok, Statistical
Mechanics, 1st Edition, 1995, Prentice Hall of India
23. Gupta and Kumar, Statistical Mechanics, 1st
Edition, 2009, Tata McGraw-Hill
24. B.K. Agrawal, Statistical Mechanics, 1st
Edition, 2005, McGraw-Hill
25. Gerhard Herzberg, AtomicSpectra and Atomic Structure, 1st
26. G. Aruldhas, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, 1st Edition, 1950, Dover Publications
27. Colin N. Banwell and Elaine M. McCash, Edition, 2000, Prentice Hall of India
1994, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th Edition,
Limited
28. D.K. Roy and S.N. Thakur, Introduction to Atomic,
Molecular and Laser Physics, 1st Edition, 2013,
Prentice Hallof India
29. B. Narayan, Introduction to Atomic &Molecular
Physics, 1st Edition, 2007, New Age International
30. Satyaprakash and J.P. Agrawal, Statistical Mechanics, 1st
31. B.K..Agrawal and M. Eisner, Statistical
Edition, 1987, Wiley Eastern
Mechanics, 1st Edition, 1996, Springer
32. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics,
1st Edition, 1965, McGraw-Hill
38. John R. Christman, Fundamentals of Solid-State
Physics, 1st Edition, 1988, Wiley
39. Adrian J. Dekker, Solid State Physics, 1st Edition, 1957,
Macmillan
40. Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Edition,
41. J.P.Srivastava, Elements of Solid-State Physics, 4th Edition,
2004, Wiley
2017, Prentice Hallof India
42. James P. McKelvey, Solid State and Semiconductor Physics, 2nd
43. Neil W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin, Solid State
Edition, 1982, Harper &Row
Physics Problems and Solutions, Companion
to the 1st Edition, 1976
44. S.0. Pillai, Solid State Physics, 8th Edition, 2015, New Age
International Publishers
45. M. AliOmar, Elementary Solid-State Physics, Revised Edition, 1999,
46. Charles Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids, 2nd Edition, 1987,
Pearson
Wiley
47. Nikhil Ranjan Roy and Rakesh Kumar Pandey, Elements of
Nuclear Physics, Atlantic
publishers &
Distributors (P) Ltd., 2024.
52. R.R. Roy and B.P. Nigam, Nuclear Physics, Revised Edition,
2001, New Age International
53. Kenneth S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, 1st Edition, 1987,
Wiley
54. S.N. Ghoshal, Atomic and Nuclear Physics (Vol. 2), 1st
Edition, 1997, S. Chand Group
55. Irving Kaplan, Nuclear Physics, 2nd Edition, 1987, Narosa Publications
56. H.A. Bethe and P. Morrison, Elementary Nuclear Theory, 2nd
Edition, 1956, Dover Publications
57. Enrico Fermi, Nuclear Physics, 1st Edition, 1950, University of Chicago
Press
58. LP. Srivastava, Elements of Nuclear Physics, 1st Edition, 2015,
Prentice Hallof India
59. A.K. Sinha and K. Chattopadhyay, Fundamentals of Nuclear
Hall of lndia
Physics, 1st Edition, 2012, Prentice

d Session 2023-2027

28-0-20l
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

PHYSICS-AMI 3: Practical
Credits: 04 Lectures: 120 (60X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examingtion (ESE):
There will be one Practical Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of Practical Examination will be as
per the followingguidelines
Experiment 60 marks
Practical record notebook = 20 marks
Viva-voce + 20 marks

1. Determination of wavelength of He-Ne Laser light using transmissionGrating.

2. Deternmination Of Wavelengthof He-Ne Laser Light by using vernier callipers/ reflection grating.
3. Determination of thickness of thin wire using He-Ne Laser light.
4. Verification of Brewster's Law using spectrometer.
5. Determination of wavelength of Sodium light using Michelson Interferometer.
6. Determination of wavelength of Sodium light using Fabry- Perot interferometer.
7. Analysisof elliptically polarized light using l/4 plate andBabinet's compensator.
8. Verification of Rayleigh's criterion for the limit of resolution of spcctral lines using (a) telescope
and (b)grating spectrum.
9. To study Characteristicsof MOSFET.
10. To study Characteristics of UJT.
11. To study Characteristics of SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier).
12. Study of waveform of Monostable Multivibrator using Oscilloscope.
13. Study of waveformof Bistable multivibrator using Oscilloscope.
14. Study of BCD to seven segments.
15. To determine refractive index of a given sample using He-Ne/diode laser.
16. Study of mode characteristics of near infrared diode laser and measurement of atmospheric
oxygen absorption.
17. Study of materials by Mossbauer spectroscopy and positron annihilation technique.
18. Measurement of optical properties of aglass plate by laser Fizeau interferometry.
Reference Books:

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House.

2. Advanced level Physics Practical, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985,
Heinemann Educational Publishers.
3. AText Book of Practical Physics, I. Prakash& Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal.
4. B.SC. Practical Physics, N. N. Ghosh, Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
5. An Advanced Course in Practical Physics, D. Chattopadhyay & P. C. Rakshit, 2013,New Book
Agency (P) Ltd.
6. Practical Physics, G.L. Squires, 2015, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press
7. B.Sc. Practical Physics, H. Singh & P. S. Hemne, 2011, S Chand and Company Ltd
8. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition,reprinted
1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers.
9. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &Company, 19th Edition, 1995, Reprint 2014.

Session 2023-2027

S8

28-08-y
23|3)2
 FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
MINOR PAPERS

MINOR PAPERS FROM DISCIPLINE-1

SEMESTER I

PHYSICS-MN-1A MECHANICS
(Credits: Theory-03, Practicals-01)
MN-1A: Theory
Credits: 03 Lectures: 45
Marks: 75 (End Semester Examìnation=60, Semester nternal Examination=10, Class Performance &Attendance =05)
Pass Marks (nternal End Semester) 30

Instruction to0uestion Setter for

Senmester Internal Examination [SIE 10 marks):
There will be two group of questions. Question No.1 will be very short answer type in Group A consisting of five
questions of I mark each. Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions offive marks each, out of which any
one to answer.

End Semester Examination (ESE 60 marks):

There will be two group of questions. GroupAis compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of Imark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
ofSmarks Group B will contain descriptive type five questions of fieen markseach, out of which any three are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE
+ This course begins with the review of Vectors and Differential equations and ends with the
Special Theory of Relativity. Students willalso appreciate the Gravitation, Elasticity. Surface
tension, Viscosity and Oscillations.
The emphasis of this course is to enhance the basics of mechanics. By the end of this course,
students should be able to solve the seen or unseen problems/numericals in vectors, differential
equations and mechanics and some properties of matter.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion ofthis course, students are expected to understand the following concepts which would
help them to appreciate the application of the fundamental concepts to the analysis of simple, practical
situations related to the real world:

+ Understand the role of vectors and coordinate systems in Physics.

Learn to solve Ordinary Differential Equations: First order, Second order Differential Equations
with constant coefficients.
+ Understand laws of motion and their application to various dynamical situations.
Apply Kepler's law to describe the motion of planets and satellite in circular orbit through the
study of law of Gravitation.
+ Explain the phenomenon of simple harmonic motion.
Session 2023-2027

59
4{s4
28-08-24
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

Understand special theory of relativity -special relativistic effects and their effects on the mass
and energy of a moving object.
In tne laboratory course, after acquiring knowledge of how to handle measuring instruments
(hke screw gauge, vernier callipers, travelling microscope) student shall embark on verifying
various principles learnt in theory. Mcasuring 'g' using Bar Pendulum, Kater's pendulum and
measuring elastic constants of materials, viscous properties of liquids etc.

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

+ Learn the concepts of vector calculus.

Learn the concepts of elasticity of solids and viscosity of fluids.
+ Develop skills to understand and solve the equations of Newtonian gravity and
central force
problem.
4 Acquire basic knowledge of
oscillation.
Have an understanding of basic conceptsof Special Theory of
Relativity.
COURSE CONTENT
Vector Analysis: Triple Scalar product, Triple Vector product, gradient,
divergence, Curl and their
physical significance, scalar and vector fields, Vector Integration, Line, surface and volume integrals of
Vector fields, Gauss-divergence theorem and Stoke's theorem.
(10 Lectures)
Ordinary Differential Equations: 1st order homogeneous differential equations.
2'order
homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients. (4 Lectures)
Central force field: Motion of a particle in a central force field -two body problem.
their deduction.
Kepler's Laws and
(4 Lectures)
Oscillations: Simple harmonic motion. Differential equation of SHM and its solutions. Kinetic and
Potential Energy, Total Energy and their time averages.
(4 Lectures)
Elasticity: Elastic constants and their interrelations, Poisson's
Ratio-Expression for Poisson's ratio in
terms of elastic constants - Work done in stretching and work done in twisting a
wire - Twisting couple
on a cylinder - Determination of Rigidity modulus by static
torsion, Torsional pendulum. (8 Lectures)
Fluids: Surface Tension: Excess of pressure - Application to spherical and
- variation of surface tension with cylindrical drops and bubbles
temperature. Viscosity - Rate flow of liquid in a capillary tube
Poiseuille's formula- Determination of coefficient of viscosity of a liquid - Variations of
with temperature. viscosity of liquid
(8 Lectures)
Special Theory of Relativity: Galilean transformations. Postulates of
Special Theory of Relativity.
Lorentz transformation, Length contraction. Time dilation. Relativistic addition of velocities.
(7 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Mathematical Physics, HK Das and Dr. Rama Verma, S.
Chand andCompany Limited.
2. Mathematical Physics, BD Gupta, Vikash Publishing House, 4th edition.
3. Mathematical Physics, B.S. Rajput, Pragati Prakashan, 21st Edition, 2009,
4. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, D.G. Zill and
W.S. Wright, 5 Ed., 2012, Jones and Bartlett
Learning.
Session 2023-2027 S424
2 60

28-082D4Y
 PHYSICS HONS/RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
S. Mathematical Tools for Physics, James Nearing, 2010, Dover Publications.
6. University Physics. F.W. Sears, M.W. Zemansky and H.D. Young, 13/e, 1986. Addison-Wesley.
7. Mechanics Berkelev Physics, v. 1: Charles Kittel, et. al. 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
8. Physics - Resnick, Halliday& Walker9/e, 2010, Wiley.
9. University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole.
10. Elements of Properties of Matter, D. S. Mathur, S. Chand Publication.
11. An introduction to mechanics, D. Kleppner, R.J. Kolenkow, 1973, McGraw-Hill.
12. Mechanics, Berkeley Physics, vol.1, C.Kittel, W.Knight, et.al. 2007,Tata McGraw-Hill.
13. Physics, Resnick, Halliday and Walker 8/e. 2008, Wiley.
14. Analytical Mechanics, G.R. Fowles and G.L. Cassiday. 2005, Cengage Learning
15. Feynman Lectures, Vol. I, R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M.Sands, 2008, Pearson Education
16. Introduction to Special Relativity, R. Resnick, 2005, John Wiley and Sons.
17. University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole.
18. Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3,Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hil.
19. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons.
20. The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill.

Additional Books for Reference

1. Mechanics, D.S. Mathur, S. Chand and Company Limited, 2000

2. University Physics. E.W Sears, M.W Zemansky, H.D Young 13/e, 1986, Addison Wesley
3. Physics for scientists and Engineers with Modern Phys. J.w. Jewett, R.A. Serway, 2010,
a
Cengage Learning
4. Theoretical Mechanics, M.R. Spiegel, 2006, Tata McGraw Hill.

MN-1A: Practical
Credit:01 Lectures: 30 (15X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE):
There will be one Practical Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of Practical Examination wil be as per the
following guidelines:
Experiment 15 marks
Practical record notebook =05 marks
Viva-voce =05 marks

1. Tomeasure the diameter of a thick wire using vernier caliper.

2. To measure the diameter of a thick wire using screw gauge.
3. To measure the diameter of a thick wire using travelling microscope.
4. To study the random error in observations.
5. To study the Motion of Springand calculate (a) Spring constant, (b) g.
6. Todetermine Coefficient of Viscosityof water by Capillary Flow Method (Poiseuille'smethod).
7. To determine the Young's Modulus of a Wire by suitable method.
8. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a Wire by suitable method.
9. To determine the elastic Constants of a wire by Searle's method.
10. To determine the value of gusing Bar Pendulum.
11. To determine the value of gusing Katers Pendulum.

Session 2023-2027

61

28-08y
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
Reference Books:

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B. L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop,

House
1971, Asia Publishing
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th
Edition, reprinted1985,
Heinemann Educational Publishers
3. AText Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash& Ramakrishna. 11th Edn, 2011,
Kitab Mahal
4. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N. Ghosh,
5
Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &Company, 19th Edition,
1995, Reprint 2014.
6. Engineering Practical Physics, S.Panigrahi &
7. Practical Physics, G.L. Squires, 2015, 4th
B.Mallick,2015, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd.
Edition, Cambridge University Press.

Session 2023-2027

2g-08-2
 PHYSICS HONS/RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

SEMESTER III
PHYSICS- MN-1B: THEORY: ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM
(Credits: Theory-03, Practicals-01)
MN-1B:Theory
Credits: 03 Lectures: 45
Marks: 75 (End Semester Examination=60, Semester internal Examination=10, Class Performance &Attendance =05)
Pass Marks (nternal +End Semester)= 30

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester lnternal Examination (SIE 10 marks):
There will be two group of questions. Question No.1 will be very short answer type in Group A consisting of five
questions ofI mark each. Group Bwill contain descriptive type two uestions offive marks each, out of which any
one to answer.

End Semester Examination (ESE 60 marks):

Ihere willbe two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting offvequestionsofI mark each Question No.2 &3 willbeshort answer type
of 5marks Group Bwill contain descriptive type five questions of fifteen marks each, out of which any three are to
answer.
Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

This course begins with static electric field and magnetic field. By the end of the course student should
have in depth knowledge of electrostatics and magnetostatics, learn about Faraday's and Len'z laws of
electromagnetic induction and also appreciate Maxwell's equations.
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this course, students will be able to

Demonstrate Gauss law, Coulomb's law for the electric field, and apply it to systems of point
charges as well as line,surface, and volume distributions of charges.
+ Explain anddifferentiate the vector (electric fields, Coulomb's law) and scalar (electric potential,
electric potential energy) formalisms of electrostatics.
Apply Gauss's law of electrostatics to solve a variety of problems.
+ Articulate knowledge of electric current, resistance and capacitance in terms of electric field and
electric potential.
Demonstrate a working understanding of capacitors
+ Calculate the magnetic forces that act on moving charges and the magnetic fields due to currents
(Biot- Savart and Ampere laws)
+ Have brief idea of dia-, para- and ferro-magnetic materials
+ Understand the concepts of induction and self-induction, to solve problems using Faraday's and
Lenz's laws
t Have an introduction to Maxwell's equations
+ In the laboratory course the student will get an opportunity to verify various laws in electricity
and magnetism.
Session 2023-2027

63
2al24
28-08-2y
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
Should be able toverify of various circuit laws, network theorems elaborated above, using simple
electric circuits.

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

This course will help in understanding basic concepts of electricity and magnetism and
their
applications.
He/she shall comprehendthe role of Maxwell's equation in unifying electricityand
Enable the student to understand propagationof electromagnetic waves through magnetism.
and unbound media. different bound

COURSE CONTENT
Electrostatics: Electrostatic Field, electric flux, Gauss's theorem of electrostatics. Applications of Gauss
theorem- Electric fielddue to point charge, infinite line of charge, uniformly charged spherical shell and
solid sphere, plane charged sheet, charged conductor. Electric potential as line
potential due to a point charge, Capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor. integral
Parallel
of electric field.
plate, spherical
and cylindrical condenser. Energy per unit volume in
vector. Gauss's theorem in dielectrics. Parallel plate
electrostatic field. Polarisation, Displacement
capacitor completely filled with dielectric.
(20 Lectures)
Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart's law and its applications- straight conductor, circular coil, solenoid
carrying current. Divergence and curl of magnetic field. Magneticvector potential.
Ampere's circuital law.
Magnetic properties of materials: Magnetic intensity, magnetic induction, permeability,
susceptibility. Brief introduction of dia-, para-and ferro- magnetic materials. magnetic
(10 Lectures)

Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz's law, self and mutual
inductance, Lof single coil, Mof two coils. Energy stored in magnetic field. (5 Lectures)
Maxwell's equations and Electromagnetic wave propagation: Equation of continuity of
current,
Displacement current, Maxwell's equations, Poynting vector, energy density in electromagnetic field,
electromagnetic wave propagation through vacuum and isotropic dielectric medium, transverse nature
of EM waves.
(10 Lectures)
Reference BookS:

1. Classical Electromagnetism, H.C. Verma, Bharati Bhawan (Publishers & Distributors): First
Edition (1 February 2022).
2. Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986, McGraw-Hill Education.
3. Electricity & Magnetism, J.H. Fewkes&].Yarwood. Vol. I, 1991, Oxford Univ.
Press
4. Electricity and Magnetism, DCTayal, 1988, Himalaya Publishing House.
5. University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole.
6. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J.Griffiths, 3rd Edn, 1998,
Benjamin Cummings.
7. Electromagnetic Theory and electrodynamics Satyaprakash,, Kedar Nath
Ram Nath Publishers
8. Electricity and Magnetism, K.K.Tiwari, SChand Publishers.
9. Elements of Electromagnetics, M.N.0. Sadiku, 2001, 0xford University Press.
10. Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory, T.L. Chow, 2006, Jones &
Bartlett Learning
11. Fundamentals of Electromagnetics, M.A.W. Miah, 1982, Tata McGraw Hill.
12. Electromagnetic field Theory, R.S. Kshetrimayun, 2012, Cengage Learning.
13. ElectromagneticField Theory for Engineers &Physicists, G. Lehner, 2010, Springer.
14. Electromagnetic Fields &Waves, P.Lorrain&D.Corson, 1970, W.H.Freeman& Co.
Session 2023-2027

64
28-08-2024
PHYZICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
15. Electromagnetics, LA. Edminster, Schaum Series, 2006, Tata McGraw Hill.
l6. Electromagnetic Theory, Chopra and Agarwal, K. Nath& Co, Meerut.
17. Electromagnetic Theory and electrodynamics, Satyaprakash, , KedarNath Ram Nath Publishers
18. Electricity and Magnetism, K.K.Tiwari, SChand Publishers.
19. Electromagnetic field theory fundamentals, B. Guru and H. Hiziroglu, 2004,
Cambridge University Press.

MN-1B: Practical
Credit: 01 Lectures:30(15X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE):
There will be one Practical Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of Practical Examination will be as per the
following guidelines:
Experiment 15 marks
Practical record notebook 05 marks
Viva-voce =05 marks

1. To find the value of a resistor and its tolerance by colour coding.

2. Use a Multimeter for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages,(c) DC Current,
(d) Capacitances, and (e) Checking electrical fuses.
3. To study the characteristics of a series RC Circuit.
4. To verify the laws of combination (series and parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
5. To determine an unknown Low Resistance using Potentiometer.
6. To verify Ohn's law for the given unknown resistance.
7. To verify the Thevenin theorem.
8. To verify the Norton theorem.
9. To verify the Superposition theorem.
10. Toverify Maximum power transfer theorem.

Reference Books:
1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop,1971, Asia PublishingHouse.
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985,
Heinemann Educational Publishers
3. A Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash& Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011,KitabMahal
4. Electromagnetic Field Theory for Engineers &Physicists, G. Lehner, 2010, Springer
5. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N.Ghosh, Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
6. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &Company.

Session 2023-2027
65

281ef24
28(8|24
 PHYSICS HONS/RESEARCH BBMKU, DHANBAD
FYUGP

SEMESTER V

PHYSICS- MN-1C: THERMAL PHYSICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

(Credits: Theory-03, Practicals-01)
MN-1C: Theory
Credits: 03 Lectures: 45
Marks: 75 (End Semester Examination=60, Semester Internal Examination=10, Class Performance &Attendance
Pass Marks (Internal + End Semester)= 30 =05)

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester Internal Examination (SIE 10 mnarks):
There wll be two group of questions. Question No.1 will be very short answer type in Group A
consisting of five
questions of 1mark each. Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions offive marks each, out of which any
one to answer.

End Semester Examination (ESE 60 marks):

There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No.1 will
be very shortanswer type consisting offive questions of 1mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be
short answer type
of 5 marks Group Bwill contain descriptive type five questions of ifteen marks each, out
answer.
of which any three are to
Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in
Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course will introduce Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory of gases and Statistical
Mechanics to the
students. The primary goal is to understand the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and its
applications to various thermodynamical systems and processes.This coursework will also enable the
students to understand the connection between the macroscopic observations of
physical systems and
microscopic behaviour of atoms and molecule through statistical mechanics.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this course, students will

Learn the basic concepts of thermodynamics, the first and the second law of
the concept of entropy and the associated theorems, the thermodynamics,
thermodynamic potentials and their
physical interpretations. They are also expected to learn Maxwell's thermodynamic relations.
Know the fundamentals of the kinetic theory of gases,
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law.
equipartition of energies, mean free path of molecular collisions, viscosity, thermal conductivity,
diffusion and Brownian motion.
4 Learn about the black body radiations, Stefan- Boltzmann's law,
Rayleigh-Jean's law and Planck's
law and their significances.
4 Learn the quantum statistical distributions, viz., the
Bose-Einstein statistics and the Fermi-Dirac
statistics.
Inthe laboratory course, the students are expected to:
Measure of Planck's constant using black
body radiation, determine Stefan's Constant, coefficient of thermal
conductivity of a bad
conductor and a good conductor, determine the temperature co- efficient of resistance, study
Session 2023-2027

28-og-204
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
variation of thermoemf across two junctions of a thermocouple with temperature etc.

SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

+ In this course the students should be skilled in doing calculations in thermodynamics andin
statistical mechanics.
+ They should also be proficient in doing calculations with the kinetic theory of ideal andreal gases.
+ In the laboratory course, the students should acquire the skills of doing basic experiments in
thermal physicswith the right theoretical explanations of results therefrom.
COURSE CONTENT
Laws of Thermodynamics: Zeroth Law of thermodynamics and temperature. First law and internal
energy, conversion of heat into work, Various Thermodynamical Processes, Applications of First Law:
General Relation between CP and CV, Work Done during Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes,
Compressibility and Expansion Coefficient, Reversible and irreversible processes, Second law and
Entropy, Carnot's cycle &theorem, Entropy changes in reversible &irreversible processes, Entropy
temperature diagrams, Third law of thermodynamics (statement only), Unattainability of absolute zero.
(15 Lectures)
Thermodynamical Potentials: Enthalpy, Gibbs, Helmholtz and Internal Energy functions, Maxwell's
relations and applications - Joule-Thompson Effect, Clausius- Clapeyron Equation, Expression for (CP -
CV), CP/Cv, TdS equations. (8 Lectures)
KineticTheory of Gases: Derivation of Maxwell's law of distribution of velocities and its
experimental
verification, Mean free path, Transport Phenomena: Viscosity, Conduction and Diffusion, Law of
equipartition of energy and itsapplications to specific heat of gases; mono-atomicand diatomic gases.
(8 Lectures)
Theory of Radiation: Blackbody radiation, Spectral distribution, Concept of Energy Density, Derivation
of Planck's law, Deduction from Planck's law-Rayleigh- Jeans Law, Stefan Boltzmann Law and
Wien's
displacement law. (5 Lectures)
Statistical Mechanics: Maxwell-Boltzmann law distribution of velocity, Quantum statistics: Phase
space - Fermi-Dirac distribution law electron gas - Bose-Einstein distribution law - photon gas -
comparison of three statistics. (9 Lectures)
Reference Books:
Thermal Physics, S. Garg, R. Bansal and C. Ghosh, 1993, Tata McGraw-Hill.
2 A Treatise on Heat, Meghnad Saha, and B.N. Srivastava, 1969, Indian Press.
3. Thermodynamics, Enrico Fermi, 1956, Courier Dover Publications.
4. Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory &Statistical thermodynamics, F.W.Sears and
G.L. Salinger. 1988, Narosa.
5. University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole.
6. Advanced Text Book on Heat, P. K. Chakrabarti, 10th Edition, Reprint
2015, Sreedhar Publishers.
7. Heat Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Brijlal, Dr. N.
Chand Publishers.
Subrahmanyam and P. S. Hemne, S.

Session 2023-2027
kud

28-o8-204
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH BBMKU, DHANBAD
FYUGP

MN-1C: Practical
Credit: 01 Lectures: 30(15X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE):
There will be one Practical Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of Practical Examnination will be as per the
following guidelines:
Experiment - 15 marks
Practical record notelbook 05 marks
Viva-voce = 05 marks

1. Todetermine Mechanical Equivalent of Heat,|,by Callender and Barne's constant flow method.
Measurement of Planck's constant using black body radiation.
3. To determine Stefan's Constant.
4. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of Cu by Searle's Apparatus.
5. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Cuby Angstrom's Method.
6. To determine the coefficient of thermalconductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and Charlton's disc
method.
7. To determine the temperature co-efficient of resistance by Platinum resistance thermometer.
Reference Books:

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House.
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985,
Heinemann Educational Publishers.
3. A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate Classes, D.P. Khandelwal, 1985, Vani
Publication.
4. Atext book on Practical Physics, K. G. Mazumdar and B.Ghosh, Sreedhar Publishers, Reprint
2016.
5. Advanced Text Book on Heat, P. K. Chakrabarti, 10th Edition, Reprint 2015, Sreedhar
Publishers.
6. A
Text Book of Practical Physics, 1. Prakash & Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal
7. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N.N. Ghosh, Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
8. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L. Arora, S. Chand &Company.

Session 2023-2027

o8-204
 BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP

SEMESTER VII

PHYSICS- MN-1D: WAVES&OPTICS

(Credits: Theory-03, Practicals-01)
MN-1D: Theory
Credits: 03 Lectures: 45
Performance &Attendance =05)
Marks: 75 (End Semester Examination-60, Semester Internal Examination=10, Class
Pass Marks (nternal +End Semester)= 30

Instruction to Question Setter for

Semester lnternal Exanination (SIE 10 marks):
Group Aconsisting of five
There will be two group of questions. Question No.1 will be very short answer type in
questions ofl mark each. Group Bwill contain descriptive type two questions of five marks each, out of which any
one to answer.

EndSemester Examination ESE 60 marks):

There willbe twogroup ofquestions. Group Ais compulsory which willcontain three questions. Question No.1 will
beof very short answer type consistingofive questions of 1 mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
Smarks. Group B will contain descriptive type ive questions of fifteen marks each, out of which any three are to
answer.
Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

This is one of the core courses in Physics curriculum that begins with explaining ideasof superposition
of harmonic oscillations leading to physics of travelling and standing waves. This course helps in
understanding forced vibrations, resonance, acoustics of buildings, Reverberation and time of
reverberation - absorption coefficient. The course also provides an in depth understanding of wave
phenomena of light, namely, interference, diffraction and polarization with emphasis on practical
applications of the same.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this course, students will

Understand Simple harmonic oscillation and superposition principle.

+ Understand superposition of a range of collinear and mutually perpendicular simpleharmonic
motions and their applications.
+ Understand the importance of classical wave equation in transverse and longitudinalwaves and
solving a range of physical systems on its basis.
+ Understand different types of waves and their velocities: Plane, Spherical, Transverse,
Longitudinal.
+ Understand Concept of normal modes in transverse and longitudinal waves: theirfrequencies
and configurations.
+ Understand Forced vibrations and resonance, Fourier's Theorem. Acoustics of buildings,
Reverberation and time of reverberation -Absorption coefficient -Sabine's formula.
Session 2023-2027

69

28-0g-2o24
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD
+ Understand Interference as superposition of waves from coherent sources derived from same
parent source.
+ Demonstrate understanding of Interference experiments: Young's Double Slit, Fresnel'sbiprism,
Llyod'sMirror, Newton's Rings, Michelson Interferometer and Fabry-Perot Interferometer
+ Demonstrate basic concepts of Diffraction: Superposition of wavelets diffracted fromapertures
+ Understand Fraunhoffer Diffraction from apertures: Rectangular, Slit, Double Slit, Grating,
Circular apertures.
+ Demonstrate fundamental understanding of Fresnel Diffraction: Half period zones,Zone Plate,
Fresnel's Integrals, Cornu'sSpiral and its applications.
Understand the phenomenon of polarization of light, production and analysis of plane,
circular and elliptical polarized light.
In the laboratory course, student will gain hands-on experience of using various optical
instruments and making finer measurements of wavelength of light using Newton Rings
experiment, Fresnel Biprism etc. Resolving power of optical equipment can be learnt first hand.
The motion of coupled oscillators, study of Lissajous figures and behaviour of transverse and
longitudinal waves can be learnt in this laboratory course.
SKILLS TO BE LEARNED

In this course the students should understand waves motion and its
properties.
+ The students shall develop the skills to understand about Acoustics of buildings,
and time of reverberation
Reverberation
The students shall develop an understanding on various opticalphenomena, principles,
workings
and applications optical instruments

COURSE CONTENT
Superposition of Two Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Linearity & Superposition Principle. (1)
Oscillations having equal frequencies and (2) Oscillations having different frequencies (Beats).
(4 Lectures)
Waves Motion: Transverse waves on a string. Travelling and standing waves on a string.
Normal Modes
of a string. Group velocity, Phase velocity. (6 Lectures)
Sound: Forced vibrations and resonance, Fourier'sTheorem - Application to saw tooth
wave and square
wave. Acoustics of buildings, Reverberation and time of reverberation - Absorption
coefficient - Sabine's
formula.
(8 Lectures)
Interference: Interference: Division of amplitude and division of wavefront. Interference in Thin Films:
parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes);
Fringes of equal
thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton's Rings: measurement of wavelength and refractive index.
(8 Lectures)
Michelson's Interferometer: (1) Idea of form of fringes (no theory needed), (2)
Determination
wavelength, (3) Wavelength difference, (4) Refractive index, and (5) Visibility of fringes. (5 of
Lectures)
Diffraction: Fraunhofer diffraction- Single slit; Double Slit. Plane Diffraction grating. Fresnel
Half-period zones. Zone plate. Fresnel Diffraction pattern Diffraction:
of astraight edge, a slit anda wire using half
period zone analysis.
(9 Lectures)
Polarization: Transverse nature of light waves. Plane polarized light- production and analysis.
and elliptical polarization. Circular
Session 2023-2027 (5 Lectures)

70
28-08-2oy
 BBMKU, DHANBAD
FYUGP
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
Reference Books:
Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-HilI.
I. Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3, John Wiley and Sons.
2 The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013,
McGraw Hill.
Bajaj, 1998,Tata
3. The Physics of Wavesand Oscillations, N.K.
Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Edition XI, 2019.
4. Oscillations &Waves, Satya Prakash,
Reprint-2015.
5. Sound, K. Bhattacharyya, Shreedhar Prakashani,
6 Atext book of Sound, M. Ghosh, S. Chand & Company, 1998.
M Ghosh &D Bhattacharya, S. Chand, 2016.
7 Atext book of Oscillations,Waves and Acoustics,
Chand, Second Edition, 2018.
8. Atextbook of Sound, NSubrahmanyam, Brij Lal, S,
McGraw-Hill
9. Fundamentals of Optics, FE.A Jenkins and H.E White, 1976,
10. Principles of Optics, B.K. Mathur, 1995, Gopal Printing.
1991, R. Chand Publications.
11. Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna,
Young. 13/e, 1986.
12. University Physics. F.W. Sears, M.W. Zemansky and H.D.
Addison-Wesley.
Printing,
13. Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Optics, B. K. Mathur, Gopal
New Central Book Agancy (P) Ltd.
14. Geometrical and Physical Optics, P. K. Chakraborty,
Gopal Printing,
15. Introduction to Geometrical and PhysicalOptics, B. K. Mathur, Publishers.
Edn.,Reprint 2015, Sreedhar
16. AText Book on Light, B. Ghosh and K. G. Mazumdar, 5th
N. Avadhanulu, S. Chand Publishers.
17. AText Book of Optics, Dr. N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal, Dr. M.

MN-1D: Practical
Credit:01 Lectures: 30(15X2)
Instruction to Question Setter for
End Semester Examination (ESE: Examination will be as per the
There will be one Practical Examination of 3Hrs dura tion. Evaluation of Practical
following guidelines:
Experiment 15 marks
Practical record notebook = 05 marks
Viva-voce =05 marks
1. To determine the Frequency of an Electrically Maintained Tuning Fork by Melde's Experiment
and to verify A2 T Law.
2. To investigate the motion of coupled oscillators.
3. To study Lissajous Figures.
4. Familiarization with: Schuster sfocusing; determination of angle of prism.
5 Todetermine the Refractive Index of the Materialof a Prism using Sodium Light.
6. To determine Dispersive Power of the Material of a Prism using Mercury Light
7 To determine the value of Cauchy Constants.
8. To determine the Resolving Power ofa Prism.
9. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Biprism.
10. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton's Rings.
11. Todetermine the wavelength of Laser light using Diffraction of Single Slit.
12. To determine wavelength of (1) Sodium and (2) Spectral lines of the Mercury light using plane
diffraction Grating
13. To determine the Resolving Power of aPlane Diffraction Grating.

Session 2023-2027

28|8|2Y
2&-08-2oy
 PHYSICS HONS./RESE ARCH
FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
Reference Books:

1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint

and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House.
2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michacl Nelson
andlon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985,
Heinemann Educational Publishers.
3. A Laboratory Manual of Physics for
Undergraduate Classes, D.P. Khandelwal, 1985, Vani
Publication.
4. Atext book on Practical Physics, K. G.
Mazumdar and B. Ghosh, Sreedhar Publishers, Reprint
2016.
5. Principles of Optics, B.K.
Mathur, 1995, Gopal Printing,
6. AText Book on Light, B. Ghosh and K. G.
7. AText Book of Practical Physics, I.
Mazumdar, 5th Edn.,Reprint 2015, Sreedhar Publishers.
Prakash & Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal
8. B.Sc. Practical Physics, N. N. Ghosh,
Bharati Bhawan Publishers.
9. B.Sc. Practical Physics, C. L.
Arora, S. Chand &Company

Session 2023-2027

228/Dy 72

28-0g-2024
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
MINOR PAPERS FROM VOCATIONAL STUDIES/ DISCIPLINE-2

SEMESTER II

PHYSICS-MN-2A: ENERGY SOURCES

Credits: 04 (Theory +Practical/ Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skill test)

Theory +Practical/ Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skilltest Marks: 100 Pass Markse 40

Instruction to External examiner for Written Test (Theory): 75 marks

There willbe two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No. 1 will
be very shortanswer type consisting of fve questions of 1 mark each. Ouestion No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of 5 marks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type six questions of fifteen marks each, out of which any four are to
answer

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

Practical/Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skilltest: 25 marks
The aim of this course is not just to impart theoretical knowledge to the students'but to provide them with
exposure and hands-on learning wherever possible.

MN-2A: Theory
Lectures: 45

COURSE CONTENT

Non-Renewable energy sources: Introduction: Energy concept-sources in general, its significance &
necessity, Classification of energy sources: Primary and Secondary energy, Commercial and Non
commercial energy, Renewable and Non-renewable energy, Conventional and Non-conventional energy,
Based on Origin-Examples and limitations. Importance of Non-commercial energy
resources.
(7 Lectures)
Conventional energy sources: Fossil fuels &Nuclear energy- production &extraction, usage rate and
limitations. Impact on environment and their issues &challenges. Overview of Indian & world energy
scenario with latest statistics- consumption &necessity. Need of eco-friendly &green energy & their
related technology. (8 Lectures)
Renewable energy sources: Introduction: Need of renewable energy, non-conventional energy
An overview of sources.
developments in Offshore Wind Energy, Tidal Energy, Wave energy systems, Ocean
Thermal Energy Conversion, solar energy, biomass, biochemical conversion,
biogas generation,
geothermal energy tidal energy, Hydroelectricity. (8 Lectures)
Solar energy: Solar Energy-Key features, its importance, Merits &demerits of solar
of solar energy. Solar water heater, flat plate collector, solar
energy, Applications
distillation, solar cooker, solar green houses,
solar, cell-brief discussion of each. Need and characteristics of photovoltaic (PV)
systems, PV models and
equivalent circuits, and sun tracking systems. (7 Lectures)
Wind and Tidal Energy harvesting: Fundamentals of Wind
energy, Wind Turbines and different
electrical machines in wind turbines, Power electronic interfaces, and grid
interconnection topologies,
Session 2023-2027

73

28-02 204 238/4

 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH BBMKU, DHANBAD
FYUGP
Ocean Energy Potential against Wind and Solar. Wave Characteristics and Statistics, Wave Energy
Devices, Tide characteristics and Statistics, Tide Energy Technologies, Ocean Thermal Energy.
(8 Lectures)
Geothermal and hydro energy: Geothermal Resources, Geothermal Technologies, Hydropower
resources, hydropower technologies, environmental impact of hvdro power sources, Carbon captured
technologies, cell, batteries, power consumption. (7 Lectures)

Reference Books:
1. Non-conventional energy sources - G.D Raj - Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi
2. Solar energy - MP Agarwal -S Chand andCo. Ltd.
3. Solar energy - Suhas P Sukhative, Tata McGraw - Hill
Publishing Company Ltd.
4. Godfrey Boyle, "Renewable Energy, Power for a sustainable future", 2004,
Oxford.
5. Dr. P Jayakumar, Solar Energy: Resource Assessment
6. J. Balfour, M. Shaw andS. Jaroselk, Photovoltaics,
Handbook, 2009
Lawrence | Goodrich (USA).
MN-2A: Practical/ Demonstration/ Skill test &Viva voce
Lectures: 30 (15X2)
Practical/ Demonstration/ Skill test & Viva Voce: 25 marks
Instruction to External examiner for End Semester Examination (ESE):
There willbe one Practical/Demonstration Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of
Examination willbe as per the following guidelines: Practical/Demonstration
Demonstration/Experiment =15 marks
Practical/Demonstration record notebook =05 marks
Viva-voce -05 marks
1
Performance testing of solar cooker.
2. Measurement ofI-V characteristics of solar cell.
3. Study the effect of input light intensity on the
4.
performance of solar cell.
Study the characteristics of win.
5. Study of charge and discharge characteristics of storage battery.
6. Study of charging and discharging behaviour of a capacitor.
7. Performance estimation of a fuel cell.
8. Study of effect of temperature on the performance of fuel
cell.
9. Demonstration of Training modules on Solar
energy, wind energy, etc.
10. Conversion of vibration to voltage using
piezoelectric materials
11. Conversion of thermal energy into voltage using
thermoelectric modules.

Session 2023-2027

Saantin
2& -og-2024
74
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

SEMESTER IV

PHYSICS- MN-2B: BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS

Credits: 04 (Theory +Practical/ Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skill test)

Theory +Practical/ Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skill test Marksi 100 Pass Marks= 40

Instruction to External examiner for Written Test (Theory): 75 marks

There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which willcontain three questíons. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consisting offive questions of 1 mark each. Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of S marks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type six questions of fffteen marks each, out of which any four are to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

Practical/Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skill test: 25 marks
The aim of this course is to enable the students to be familiar with various aspects of instruments and also
their usage through hands-on mode. This course enables students to understand the basics of measurement,
measurement devices such as electronic voltmeter, Oscilloscope, signal and pulsegenerators, Impedance
bridges, digital instruments etc.

MN-2B: Theory
Lectures: 45

COURSE CONTENT

Basic of Measurement: Instruments accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution range etc. Errors in
measurements and loading effects. Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc voltage and dc current,
ac voltage, ac current and resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and their significance.
(5Lectures)
Electronic Voltmeter: Advantage over conventional multimeter for voltage measurement with respect
to input impedance and sensitivity. Principles of voltage, measurement (block diagram only).
Specifications of an electronic Voltmeter/ Multimeter and their significance. AC millivoltmeter: Type of
AC millivoltmeters: Amplifier- rectifier, and rectifier- amplífier. Block diagram ac millivoltmeter,
specifications and their significance. (8 Lectures)

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO. Construction of CRT, Electron gun, electrostatic
focusing and acceleration (Explanation only- no mathematical treatment), brief discussion on screen
phosphor, visual persistence &chemical composition. Time base operation, synchronization. Front
panel controls. Specifications of a CRO and their significance. (8 Lectures)

Use of CRO for the measurement of voltage (dc and ac frequency, time period. Special features of dual
trace, introduction to digital oscilloscope, probes. Digital storage Oscilloscope: Block diagram and
principle of working. (5 Lectures)

Signal Generators and Analysis Instruments: Block diagram, explanation and specificationsof low
frequency signal generators. pulse generator, and function generator. Brief idea for testing,
specifications. Distortion factor meter, wave analysis. (6 Lectures)
Session 2023-2027

124 75

28-08-264
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
lmpedance Bridges &Q-Meters: Block diagram of bridge. working principles of basic(balancing type)
RLCbridge. Specifications of RLC bridge. Block diagram &working principles of a Q- Meter. Digital LK
bridges. (5 Lectures)

Digital Instruments: Principle and working of dipital meters. Comparison of analog &digital
instruments. Characteristics of a digital meter. Working principles of digital voltmeter.
(5Lectures)
Digital Multimeter: Block diagram and working of adigital multimeter. Working principle of time
interval, trequency and period measurement using universal counter/frequency counter, time- base
stability, accuracy and resolution. (3 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Text book in Electrical
Technology - BL Theraja - S Chand and Co.
2. Performance and design of AC
3. Digital Circuits and systems,
machines - MG Say, ELBS Edn.
4. Logic circuit design,
Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill.
Shimon P. Vingron, 2012,
Springer.
5. Digital Electronics, Subrata
Ghoshal, 2012, Cengage Learning,
6. Electronic Devices and circuits, S.
Salivahanan
& N. S. Kumar, 3rd Ed., 2012, Tata
7. Electronic circuits: Handbook of design and applications, U. Tietze, Ch. Schenk, Mc-GrawHill.
8. Electronic Devices, 7/e Thomas L. Floyd, 2008, Pearson India. 2008,Springer.

MN-2B: Practical/ Demonstration/ Skill test &Viva voce

Lectures: 30 (15X2)
Practical/ Demonstration/ Skill test &Viva Voce: 25 marks
Instruction to External examiner for End Semester Examination (ESE):
There will be one Practical/Demonstration Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of Practical/Demonstration
Examination will be as per the following guidelines:
Demonstration/Experiment =15 marks
Practical/Demonstration record notebook=05 marks
Viva-voce
=05 marks
1. To observe the loading effect of a multimeter while measuring voltage across a
high resistance. lowresistance and
2. To observe the limitations of a multimeter for
3.
measuring high frequency voltage andcurrents.
Tomeasure Qof a coil and its dependence on
4.
frequency using a Q- meter.
Measurement of voltage, frequency, time period and phase angle using CRO.
5. Measurement of time period, frequency, average period using
COunter. universal counter/ frequency
6.Measurement of rise, fall and delay times using a CRO.
7.Measurement of distortion of a RF signal generator using distortion factor meter.
8. Measurement of R, Land Cusing a LCR
bridge/universal bridge.

Session 2023-2027

2-082024
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

SEMESTER VI
PHYSICS- MN-2C:OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Credits: 04 (Theory+Practical/ Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skilltest)

Theory +Practical/ Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skill test Marks: 100 Pass Marks= 40

Instruction to External examiner for Writen Test (Theory): 75 marks

1here will be two group ofquestions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No.1 will
be very short answer type consistingof fve questions of l markeach. Question No.2 &3 will he short answer type
ofanswer.
Smarks. Group B willcontain descriptive type six questions of Afteen marks each, out of which any four are to
Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.
Practical/Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skill test: 25 marks

The couTse is aimed at equipping the students with the basic understanding of Opticsand various optical
Instruments like different types of microscopes, telescopes, spectrometer, camera and also human eye and
enabling them to gain hands-on experience of using these optical instruments.
MN-2C: Theory
Lectures: 45

COURSE CONTENT

Basics of Optics: Scope of optics, optical path, laws of reflection and refraction as per Fermat's principle,
magnifying glass, Lenses (thick and thin), convex and concave lenses, Lens makers formulae for double
concave and convex lenses, lens equation. Focal and nodal points, focal length, image formation,
combination of lenses, dispersion of light: Newton's experiment, angular dispersion and dispersion
power. Dispersion without deviation. (No derivations; concepts to be discussed qualitatively).
(20 Lectures)
Camera and microscopes: Human eye (constitution and working), Photographic camera (principle,
construction and working), construction, working and utilities of
(1) Simple microscopes
(ii) Compound microscope
(ii) Electron microscopes
(iv)Binocular microscopes (13 Lectures)
Telescopes and Spectrometer: Construction, working and utilities of
(1) Astronomical telescopes
(i)Terrestrial telescopes
(iii)Reflecting telescopes,
Spectrometer=Construction, working and utilities,measurement of refractive index. (12 Lectures)
Reference BookS:

1. Galen Duree,Optics for Dummies, Wiley, 2011.

2. J. W. Blaker Optics: An Introduction for Students of Engineering, Pearson, 2015.
3. E. Hecht, Optics. Pearson. 5th Edition,2019.
4. AK. Khurana, Theory and Practice of Optics &Refraction, Elsevier India. 2016.
Session 2023-2027

77

28-08-2024
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH
FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
5. Fundamentals of Optics, F.A
6. Principles of Optics, B.K.
Jenkins and H.E White, 1976, McGraw-Hill
Mathur, 1995, Gopal Printing.
7. Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna,1991, R.Chand Publications
8. University Physics. F.W. Sears, M.W.
Zemansky and H.D. Young. 13/e, 1986.
Addison-Wesley.
9. Introduction to Geometrical and
Physical Optics, B. K. Mathur, Gopal Printing,
10. Geometrical and Physical Optics, P. K.
11. Introduction to Geometricaland Chakraborty, New Central Book Agancy (P) Ltd.
Physical Optics, B. K.
12. AText Book on Light, B. Ghosh and K. G. Mazumdar. 5thMathur, Gopal Printing.
13. AText Book of Optics, Dr. N. Edn..Reprint 2015, Sreedhar Publishers.
Subrahmanvam, Briilal, Dr. M. N.Avadhanulu, S. Chand Publishers.
MN-2C: Practical/
Lectures: 30 (15X2))Demonstration/ Skill test &Viva voce
Practical/
InstructionDemonstration/
Skill test & Viva Voce: 25 marks
to External
examiner for End Semester Examination (ESE):
There will be one
Practical/Demonstration Examination
Examination will be as per the following guidelines:
of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of
Practical/Demonstration
Demonstration/Experiment
Practical/ Demonstration record =15 marks
Viva-voce notebook= marks
=05 marks
05

1. Find position and size of the

image in a magnifying glass and
2. Observe rain bows and
understand magnification.
3 Find out what makes a camera to beoptics.
of
Create a rainbow.
4
Observe the dispersion of light through good quality.
prism.
5. Make a simple telescope using
6 magnifying glass and lenses.
Learn principle of refraction using
7 Check prisms.
bending of light in different substances and find out what
8 Learn about
different telescopes used to see galaxies and their matters here.
ranges.

Session 2023-2027
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
SEMESTER VIII
PHYSICS- MN-2D: DIGITAL SYSTEMS
Credits: 04 (Theory +Practical/ Viva voce/ Demonstration/ Skill test)
Theory +Practical/ Viva võce/ Demonstration/ Skil test Marks: 100 Pass Marks= 40

Instruction to External examiner for Written Test (Theory): 75 marks

There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questions. Question No. 1 will
be very short answer type consisting of fvequestions of I mark each.Question No.2 &3 will be short answer type
of 5 marks Group Bwill contain descriptive type six questions of Afteen marks each, out of which any four ure to
answer.

Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examinations.

Practical/Vivavoce/ Demonstration/ Skill test: 25 marks
The aim of this course is to enable the students to have a basic understanding of Boolean algebra, Arithmetic
Circuits, flip flops etc. and also have a hands-on experience ofstudying and designing various digital circuits.

MN-2D: Theory
Lectures: 45

COURSE CONTENT

Digital Circuits: Difference between Analog and Digital Circuits. Binary Numbers. Decimal to Binary
and Binary to Decimal Conversion. BCD, Octal and Hexadecimal numbers. AND, OR and NOT Gates
(realization using Diodes and Transistor), NAND and NOR Gates as Universal Gates. XOR and XNOR
Gates. (12Lectures)
Boolean algebra: De Morgan's Theorems. Boolean Laws. Simplification of Logic Circuit using Boolean
Algebra. Fundamental Products. Idea of Minterms and Maxterms. Conversion ofa Truth table into
Equivalent Logic Circuit by (1) Sum of Products Method and (2) Karnaugh Map. (10Lectures)

Data processing circuits: Basic idea of Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders.

(5 Lectures)
Arithmetic Circuits: Binary Addition. Binary Subtraction using 2's Complement. Half and Full Adders.
Half & Full Subtractors. (8Lectures)
Sequential Circuits: SR, D, and JK Flip-Flops. Clocked (Level and Edge Triggered) Flip- Flops. Preset
and Clear operations. Race-around conditions in JK Flip-Flop. M/SJ K Flip-Flop. (10 Lectures)

Reference Books:

1. Digital Principles and Applications, A.P. Malvino, D.P.Leach and Saha, 7th Ed., 2011, Tata
McGraw Hill.
2. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits, Anand Kumar, 2nd Edn, 2009, PHILearning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Digital Electronics GK Kharate,2010, Oxford University Press.
5. Digital Systems: Principles &Applications, R.J.Tocci,N.S.Widmer, 2001, PHI Learning.
6. Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer.
Session 2023-2027
Kn
79
2|84
2818|2y
28-0g- 2224
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH BBMKU, DHANBAD
FYUGP
7. Digital Electronics, Subrata
Ghoshal, 2012,
8. Digital Electronics,S.K. Mandal, 2010,1- Cengage Learning.
edition, McGraw Hill.
9. Microprocessor Architecture Programming & applications with 8085, 2002, R.S. Goankar,
Prentice Hall.
10. Digital Electronics, Floyd.
11. Digital Computer Electronics, Malvino.
12. Digital systems &Applications, Dr Umamageswari and Dr. M. Sivakumar, Vishal Publishing Co.,
2022-23.

MN-2D: Practical/ Demonstration/ Skill test & Viva voce

Lectures: 30 (15X2))
Practical/ Demonstration/ Skill test & Viva Voce: 25 marks
Instruction to External examiner for End Semester
Examination (ESE):
There will be one Practical/ Demonstration Examination of 3Hrs duration. Evaluation of
Examination will be as per the following guidelines: Practical/Demonstration
Demonstration/Experiment
Practical/Demonstration record notebook
15 marks
-05 marks
Viva-voce
-05 marks
1. Todesign a switch (NOT gate)
using a
2. To verify and design AND, OR, NOT andtransistor.
XOR gates using NAND gates.
3. Todesign a combinational logic system for a
4. To convert aBoolean expression into logic
specified Truth Table.
circuit and design it using logic gate ICs.
5. To minimize a given logic
circuit.
6. To study Half Adder and Full Adder and
Truth Table verification.
7. To study Half Subtractor and Full
Subtractor and Truth table verification

29
Session 2023-2027

28 -08-2024
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

MDC (Multidisciplinary Course): PHYSICS

SEMESTER I/II/III
MDC-1/2/3: PHYSICS
(Credits: Theory-03 Lectures-45)
Marks: 75 (End Semester Bxamination 75,No Semester Internal Bxamination Pass Markst =30

Instruction toQuestion Setter for

End Semester Examination (ESE 75 marks):

There will be two group of questions. Group Ais compulsory which will contain three questíons. Question No.1will
be very short answer type consisting of 've questions of I mark each. Question No. 2&3 will be short answer
type of Smarks. Group Bwill contain descriptive type ste questions of ifreen marliseach, out of which any four are
to answer.

Unit IMotion
Velocity, acceleration, momentum, inertia, force, laws of motion. Newton's law of gravitation,
acceleration due to gravity, mass and weight, weightlessness. (6 lectures)

Unit IIProperties of Matter

Different phases of matter, surface tension capillary rise, viscosity-Poiseuille's formula, Heat,
temperature, different temperature scales: degree Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin, idea of transverse and
longitudinal waves. (9 Lectures)

Unit III Light & lenses

Reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, dispersion, diffraction, interference, scattering
(elementary ideas only), blue colour of sky, twinkling of stars. Mirage, rainbow, concave and convex
lenses, focal length, power of a lens, refractive index, defects of the eye- myopia, hypermetropia,
presbyopia and astigmatism and their correction by lens. (11 Lectures)

Unit IV Electricity & Magnetism

Electricity: Voltage and current, Ohms law, idea of combination of resistance in series and parallel,
Electric power (E Bill), calculation of energyrequirement of electric appliances, transformer, generator.
Magnetism: Electromagnetic induction-super conductivity-Meissner effect (qualitative idea), Maglev
train.
(10Lectures)
Unit V
Our Universe
Galaxies- Stars, Planets &satellites - solar system, lunar and solar eclipses, evolution of stars, black
holes (basic concept). Artificial satellites: Geo stationary and Polar satellites. (9 Lectures)

Reference Books:
1. Physics text books for class 11uh and 12th NCERT, New Delhi, revised editions 2022.
2. Concepts of Physics, Part-I and Part-II, H. C. Verma, 2020, Bharati Bhawan.
3. Elements of Properties of Matter, D. S Mathur,2010, S. Chand & Co.
4. Fundamentals of Physics with Applications, Arthur Beiser, 2010, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing
Co. Ltd.
Session 2023-2027

2&48t481
26-08-2024
 BBMKU, DHANBAD
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP

5. Optics by Ajay Ghatak, New Deihi, 1998 Tata McGraw-Hillpublishing Co. Ltd.
6. Electricity and Magnetism, AS Mahajan, A. A. Rangwala, 2017 McGraw Hill, New Dellhi.
7. An Introduction to Astrophysics. Baidyanath Basu, Tanuka Chattopadhyay, sudhindra Nath
Biswas, Second Edition, 2010, PHILearning Private Limited.
Additional Books for reference:

1. Mechanics (in Sl units) -(Berkley Physics course-volume 1), Charles Kittel, Walter Dknight etc,
Tata McGraw Hill publication,2017, second edition
2. Fundamental of General Properties of Matter, H.RGulati, RChand and Co, Fifthedition (1977).
3. AText book of Optics by Subrahmanyam N., BrijLal and M. N. Avadhanulu,

H24
Session 2023-2027

82

28-08-2D24 29(8Dy
PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP
BBMKU, DHANBAD

FORMAT OF QUESTION PAPER FOR SEMESTER INTERNAL EXAMINATIONS

Question format for 10 Marks:

Subjcet/ Code
F.M, =|0 Time-1H. Exam Yer
General Instructions:
Group ACArries very short answer iype compulsory qucstions.
Answer I out of 2subjectivef descriptive questions given in Group B.
Answer in your own words as far as practicable.
Answer allsub parts of a guestion at one plaCe.
Numbeus in tight indicatc full ma1 ks of the question.
Group A
(5x1=5]

ii

iv.

Group B
2 [5]
[5]

Note: There may bc subdivisions in cach qucstion asked in Theory Examination.

Question format for 20 Marks:

Subject/ Code
EM. =20 Time=lHr. Exam Ycar
General Instructions:
i. Group Acarries very short answer type compulsory questions.
11. Answer l out of 2 subjective/ descriptive questions given in Group B.
iii Answer in your own words as far as practicable.
Answer allsub parts of a question at one place.
Numbcrs in right indicate full marks of thc qucstion.
Group A
1. (5x1=5]

iv.
V.

2 [S
Group B
3
[I0]
4

Note: Thcre may be subdivisions in cach question asked in Theory Examination.

Session 2023-2027

83

28-08 224
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD
FORMAT OF QUESTION PAPER FOR END SEMESTER UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
Question format for 50Mlarks:

Subject/ Code
Tine-2llrs. Exam Year
General lnstructions:
(Group A canies very short answer yjpe compulpory quesions
Answer 3 out of 5 subjeive' deseriptive questions given in Group B.
Answcr in your own worls as lar as pracicablc
Answer all sub pa1ts of a question at one place.
Nunbcrs in ight indicate ull marks of the qucstion.
Group A
(5x I=5]

Group B
3
[15]
4 [15]
5
[15]
[15]
Note: There may be subdivisions io each question asked in Theory [15]
Exaination.

Question fomat for 60 Marks:

Subject/ Code
E.M, =60 Time=3Hrs. Exam Year
General Instructions:
i. Group A caTies very short answer type
compulsory questions.
ii. Answer 3 out of 5 subjective/ descriptive qucstions given in Group B.
iii. Answer in your own words as far as praçticable.
1y Answer all sub parts of a question at one place.
V. Numbers in right indicate full marks of the question.
Group A
(5xI=5]
iii.

2
3
(S]
Group B
4
[1S]
6 [1S]
7 [|S]
8 [1S]
Note: There may bc subdivisions in cach qucstion asked in Theory Exanination. [15]

Session 2023-2027

84
28-08-2024
 PHYSICS HONS./RESEARCH FYUGP BBMKU, DHANBAD

Question fomat for 75 Marks:

Subject/ Code
F.M. = 75 Time=3Hrs. Exam Year
General Instructions:
Group Acarics very shott answer type compulsory questions.
ii. Answer 4 out of 6subjcctive' doscriptive qucstiots given in Group B.
Answer in your own words as far as practicalle.
Answer all sub parts of a question at one place
Numbers inright indicate full marks of the question.
Group A
1 (5xl=5]
1.

111
11y.

2 [5)
3 [5]
Group B
[15]
(15]
[15]
7 [1S]
[15]
9. [15]
Note: There may be subdivisions in each question asked in Theory Examination.

Session 2023-2027

28-0g-2o2l4