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Physics practical Class 10

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37 views4 pages

Physics practical Class 10

Very nic

Uploaded by

lilymahajan0202
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REFRACTION OF LIGHT

Aim
To trace the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for
different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of
refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the result.

Materials Required
A drawing board, 4-6 all pins, white sheet of paper, rectangular glass slab, a
protractor, a scale, a pencil and thumb pins.

Procedure

1. Take a soft drawing board. Fix a white sheet on it with the help of thumb
pins.
2. Place the rectangular glass slab in the centre of the white paper and
draw its outline boundary with pencil.
3. Mark this rectangular figure obtained as ABCD.
4. On one side of this figure, i.e., AB take one point E, draw a
perpendicular EN and label it as normal ray.
5. With the help of a protractor draw one angle of 30° with the EN. Fix two
pins P and Q on the ray of this angle, the distance between the pins
should be more than 4-5 cm.
6. Put the glass slab on the rectangular figure ABCD.
7. See through the glass slab from side CD and fix pin R and S such that
when seen through the glass slab all
the pins lie in straight line, [i.e., Pins P, Q, R and S should lie in straight
line when seen through the glass slab], ‘
8. Now, remove the pins P, Q, R and S one by one and draw small circles
around the pin points.
9. Remove the glass slab.
10.Join points R and S such that it meets CD at point F.
Draw perpendicular to CD at point F as N’M’.
11.Join points E and F with the pencil.
12.Measure the angles formed at AB and CD, i.e., the incident angle,
refracted angle and emergent angle.
13.Extend ray PQ with scale and pencil in dotted line. It will be parallel to
ray FRS. The distance between these two parallel rays is called lateral
displacement (d).
14.Measure the lateral displacement.
15.Repeat the above procedure for angles 40° and 60°.
Diagram

ABCD = Glass slab

P, Q, R, S = All pins ∠PEN = ∠i = incident angle = 30°


EN and FM’ = Normal rays

∠MEF = ∠r = refracted angle


∠SFM’= ∠e = emergent angle = 30° ~ 31°
d = lateral displacement.

Observations Table
∠i – ∠e
SR No Angle of
∠r
Angle of refraction
∠e
emergence

∠i
Angle of incidence

1. 30° 19° 30° 0°

2. 40° 28° 40° 0°

3. 60° 40° 59° 1°

During performing this experiment, ∠i – ∠e may not be zero at times as


shown above due to human error.

Result

1. The angle of incidence is nearly equal to the angle of emergence,

∠i =∠e

2. This implies that the incident ray is parallel to the emergent ray .

3. When the light ray travels from optically rarer medium (air) to optically
denser medium (glass) the light bends towards the normal.

4. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the air glass
interface, all lie in the same plane..
Precautions

1. The glass slab should be perfectly rectangular with all its faces smooth.
2. The drawing board should be soft so that pins can be easily fixed on it.
3. The angle of incidence should lie between 30° and 60°.
4. All pins base should lie in straight line.
5. Draw thin lines using a sharp pencil.
6. Use a good quality protractor having clear markings.
7. Place the protractor correctly to measure the angles.
8. Perpendiculars should be drawn correctly.

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