IGCSE ICT (0417)

UNIT #8 SAFETY & SECURITY

 SAFETY & SECURITY - DEFINITION

Safety and security means a sense of protection

against physical injury, loss of data.
SAFETY & SECURITY TYPES
 SAFETY & SECURITY

1-PHYSICAL SAFETY
 PHYSICAL SAFETY

Physical safety means any preventive measures to

against injuries that may occur to our body while
using a computer.
PHYSICAL SAFETY RISKS
 ELECTROCUTION CAUSES

1- Spilling liquids/drinks on electric equipment

2- Exposed wires/damaged insulation
3- Unsafe electrical equipment
4- Unsafe electrics (for example, wall sockets) in the
office
 ELECTROCUTION PREVENTION

1- Do not take drinks into the computer room

2- Check all wires on a regular basis
Renew wires if they have damaged insulation
3- Ensure all equipment is checked by a qualified
electrician on a regular basis
4- Make use of an RCB (residual current breaker) to
prevent electrocution
 FIRE HAZARD CAUSES

1- Overloaded wall sockets

2- Overheating of computer
[Due to poor heat dissipation]
3- Naked wires
 FIRE HAZARD PREVENTION

▪ increase the number of wall sockets and do not use

too many extension blocks
▪ do not cover the cooling vents on computer.
▪ clean out dust in computers to prevent overheating
▪ ensure the regular testing of equipment
▪ ensure there is good room ventilation
▪ use low-voltage equipment wherever possible
▪ have a number of fully tested fire extinguishers
▪ ensure there is good room ventilation
▪ use low-voltage equipment where possible
 TRIPPING HAZARD CAUSES

▪ Trailing wires on the floor

▪ Damaged carpets and other
flooring
 TRIPPING HAZARD PREVENTION

▪ Use cable ducts to make the wires safe

▪ Cover exposed wires and hide wires under desks
away from general thoroughfare
▪ Use wireless connectivity wherever possible,
therefore elimination
 PERSONAL INJURY CAUSES

▪ Heavy equipment unstable or falling from desks

▪ Desks collapsing under weight/desks not designed to
take the weight
 PERSONAL INJURY PREVENTION

▪ Use strong desks to support the weight of the

computer
▪ Use large desks/tables so that computer is not close
to the edge where it could fall off
SAFETY & SECURITY

2-E-SAFETY
 E-SAFETY

Prevention method to minimize the risk of potentially

harmful content/activities while browsing the internet,
sending/receiving emails, social media sites and online
gaming, such as:
▪ Elicit content
▪ Cyber bullying
▪ Harassment
▪ Hacking
 DATA PROTECTION ACT

▪ process the data fairly and lawfully.

▪ process the data for the stated purpose.
▪ data must be adequate, relevant and not
excessive.
▪ data must be accurate.
▪ do not keep the data longer than necessary.
▪ process the data in accordance with the data
subject’s rights.
▪ keep the data secure.
▪ do not transfer data to another country unless
they provide adequate protection.
 STOP UNLAWFUL DATA?

▪ do not leave personal information unattended

▪ lock filing cabinets when the room is unoccupied
▪ log off from the computer if getting away
▪ use passwords and user IDs for data security
[Create strong password]
▪ frequently change the passwords
▪ do not send sensitive nature information in an email
or fax.
PERSONAL DATA
 E-SAFETY - INTERNET BROWSING

▪ use safe websites - look for https/padlock symbol.

▪ purchase from websites that offer encrypted
connections
▪ check the search engines are set to ‘safe search’
▪ ensure the highest possible level of security
▪ Downloaded content may be harmful:
[may contain malware, viruses, spyware etc.]
▪ Install anti-virus & anti-malware & keep it up to date.
▪ log out of websites when you’re done.
▪ be careful as websites store key data such as bank
account or credit/debit card details.
 E-SAFETY - INTERNET BROWSING

▪ log out of websites when you’re done.

▪ take care with websites that store key data such as
bank account or credit/debit card details.
 E-SAFETY – SENDING/RECEIVING EMAIL

▪ open emails from known sources

▪ make sure your ISP has an effective email filtering
feature.
▪ reply to an email only if you know the person.
▪ check that email addresses is genuine for example,
‐ [email protected] is suspicious.
‐ [email protected] is genuine.
▪ never include your personal data when replying to
an email that could identify you such as:
‐ school name & address, and home address
‐ photos
 E-SAFETY – SENDING/RECEIVING EMAIL

▪ beware of phishing and pharming scams

▪ protect email account by difficult passwords
▪ regularly change the passwords
▪ take care when forwarding emails
▪ manually type in email addresses
▪ do not copy/paste email addresses
▪ a hyperlinks in an emails could be a phishing scam.
▪ unsubscribe link in an email could be a fraud.
▪ avoid using the Cc/To boxes to send multiple emails,
instead use email groups
 E-SAFETY – SOCIAL MEDIA

▪ do not publicly post your personal data as it could be

used to carry out identity theft.
▪ do not publicly share your photos as somebody may
impersonate you.
▪ use the privacy settings to post photos to stop ‘non-
friends’ from contacting you.
▪ make sure that your photos do not link you to a
place/address for example:
‐ car’s number plate
‐ photo in school uniform
 E-SAFETY – SOCIAL MEDIA

▪ Avoid the misuse forwarding of images from other

people.
‐ always respect people’s confidentiality.
▪ make friends with people you know
▪ do not use/forward messages which contain
inappropriate language.
▪ be vigilant when using social networking sites:
- block/report anybody who acts suspiciously/uses
inappropriate language.
▪ use a nicknames on social media
▪ Keep private and personal data secret.
 E-SAFETY – SOCIAL MEDIA

▪ keep private and personal data secret.

▪ do not enter private chat rooms - stay in public
spaces
▪ never arrange to meet anyone on your own, tell an
adult first and meet the person in a public place.
▪ do not enter private chat rooms - stay in public
spaces
 E-SAFETY – ONLINE GAMING

▪ predators prey on vulnerable

▪ cyberbullying
▪ use of webcams
▪ voice-masking technology
▪ viruses, phishing or spyware
▪ violence
 SAFETY & SECURITY

3-DATA SECURITY
 DATA SECURITY – DATA THREATS

1- Hacking 2- Phishing

3- Vishing 4- Smishing

5- Pharming 6- Viruses

7- Malware 8- Card fraud

 DATA SECURITY – HACKING

Note: Encryption would not helpful against hacking.

DATA SECURITY – PHISHING
DATA SECURITY – PHARMING
 DATA SECURITY-SMISHING

Smishing is short for ‘SMS phishing’.

1- A scammer sends out a legitimate looking fake text
messages on the user’s mobile phone. which may
contain a URL or telephone number in the text
message.
2- The recipient will be asked to log on to the website or
make a telephone call.
3- If they do, they are asked to provide personal details
such as credit/debit card numbers or passwords. As
with phishing attacks, the text message will appear to
come from a legitimate source and will make a claim,
for example, that they have won a prize or that they
DATA SECURITY-VISHING
 DATA SECURITY – DATA THREATS

PHARMING

A malicious code is installed on user’s computer

which will redirect the user to a bogus website.

▪ The user can lose personal data such ▪ Install anti-spyware software to
as credit/debit card details identify and remove pharming
▪ Pharming can lead to fraud or identity code
theft ▪ Look for clues that they are
being redirected
▪ Look for https:// and padlock
 DATA SECURITY – DATA THREATS

Note: Encryption would not helpful against hacking.

DATA SECURITY – DATA THREATS