S V

Chapter 6: 9. You may come with us if you want.

S V
The Clause, pp. 118=37 10. Teddy stopped the dryer when he heard his
Choices: Creating with Clauses, p. 118 boots clunking around inside it.
Choices activities are designed to extend and
enrich students’ understanding of grammar, EXERCISE B
usage, and mechanics and to take learners 11. phrase
beyond traditional classroom instruction. To use 12. clause
the Choices worksheet, have each student pick 13. clause
an activity that interests him or her. In some 14. phrase
cases, you may wish to assign an activity to a
15. clause
particular student or group of students. You
may also want to request that students get your The Independent Clause, p.120
approval for the activities they choose. Establish EXERCISE A
guidelines for what constitutes successful com-
pletion of an activity. Then, help students plan 1. In the nineteenth century, Scotch-Irish
how they will share their work with the rest of immigrants came to the United States.
the class.
2. They brought with them their music and
Choices activities can be scored with a pass-
their way of speaking.
fail grade or treated as bonus-point projects.
Those activities that require students to research 3. Many settled in the south-central part of the
or create a certain number of items might be United States.
graded in a traditional manner.
4. In some places, you can still hear some of
Identifying Clauses, p.119
the Scotch-Irish songs.
EXERCISE A
S V 5. One singer of those old ballads is Jean
1. Antonio told her that he had not planned
Ritchie.
on coming to the party.
S V 6. Audiences love Ritchie’s version of
2. I have no idea when the mechanic finished
“Barbara Allan.”
the repairs on the car.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

S V 7. Ritchie can play the dulcimer as well as the

3. Before the storm struck, the sky turned an
guitar.
odd shade of green.
S V 8. The dulcimer, which is an oval-shaped
4. When she arrived at the dock, the ferry had
stringed instrument, is especially popular
already left for the island.
S V among the people of the southern
5. At last Gretchen met Conrad and Padgett,
Appalachians.
who were the pets of her friend Mimi.
S V 9. Before her solo career, Ritchie sang with her
6. Grabbing his hat, Robb dashed out into the
family.
snow.
S V 10. Every group of immigrants brings its own
7. Even though they invited her, Joie decided
special treasures to our shores.
not to come along on the field trip.
S EXERCISE B
8. Vince decided to read the book before he 11. yes 14. no
V
saw the movie. 12. yes 15. yes
13. no

Language and Sentence Skills Practice Answer Key 51

The Subordinate Clause, p.121 EXERCISE B
EXERCISE A 11. Dr. Zamora left the dinner party before the
1. England is the country where Mother main course was served.
S V
Goose rhymes originated. 12. Before we begin the meeting, let me intro-
S V
2. The people who composed the rhymes duce the newest member of our team.
lived hundreds of years ago. 13. The last singer on the program is the one
S
3. These rhymes became popular because they who can hit the high notes.
V
were fun and easy to learn. 14. When the conductor tapped her baton, the
S V
4. If a rhyme was especially funny or interest- orchestra fell silent.
ing, children would sing it. 15. One planet that has often excited the imagi-
S V
5. One rhyme that children enjoyed was “Baa, nations of science fiction writers is Mars,
Baa Black Sheep.” which is sometimes called the red planet.
S V
6. Some people think that this rhyme is actual- The Adjective Clause A, p.123
ly a protest against taxes. EXERCISE A
7. In the rhyme, the three bags of wool that 1. The music that you have just heard was
S V
the sheep produces are given away. composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
S V
8. Since the sheep has only three bags of wool, 2. Mr. Cohen, who conducts the school
it is left with nothing. chorus, collects songbooks.

9. So, “Baa, Baa Black Sheep” may be a rhyme 3. Denver, which is situated 5,280 feet above
S V
that protests high taxes. sea level, is called the Mile High City.
S V
10. Mother Goose rhymes, which are always 4. Is Florida the place where Ponce de León
fun to read, may or may not have political sought the Fountain of Youth?
meanings.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

5. Ed White, whom NASA chose for the first
EXERCISE B spacewalk, was born in San Antonio.
Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. EXERCISE B
11. if the weather is pleasant
6. The fourteenth century was a time when
12. who scored the winning touchdown
many people died of the bubonic plague.
13. that Kamika told us
14. Whenever someone approaches our front
7. Mollusks, which have either one shell or
door two, are classified as either univalves or
15. because many of the band members were ill bivalves.

Independent and Subordinate Clauses, p.122 8. How many of the written records that
EXERCISE A were kept during the Middle Ages have
1. subordinate 6. subordinate survived?
2. independent 7. independent
9. Antonia Novello, who was Surgeon
3. independent 8. independent
General of the United States in 1990, is
4. subordinate 9. independent
Puerto Rican.
5. subordinate 10. subordinate

52 HOLT HANDBOOK Second Course

 10. The lightning that flashes during a rain- 9. The corn bread that Tish brought to the
storm is hotter than the surface of the sun. party was gone within twenty minutes.
11. President Harry Truman was one of those 10. Dean gave his results to the scientist, who
people whose middle name is a single letter. incorporated them into his report.
12. Marian Anderson, who was one of the Exercise B

greatest opera singers, often struggled 11. The model whose face appears on so many
against racial discrimination. magazine covers is a Rhodes scholar.

13. Nyos, in Cameroon, is a lake that sometimes 12. The pictures that we took on our vacation
releases huge bursts of carbon dioxide from are missing.
its floor. 13. The church where my sister was married is
14. Saving the tiger, which is an endangered closed now for renovations.
species, may depend upon preserving its 14. This is the spot where President Kennedy
habitat. announced the creation of the Peace Corps.
15. My sister spends much time working with 15. Was Ed Bradley the correspondent who
my aunt, who is president of the local Red reported the story?
Cross.
Relative Pronouns and Relative Adverbs, p. 125
The Adjective Clause B, p. 124 EXERCISE A
EXERCISE A 1. Is Rafael the one who wrote the poem
1. My aunt Becky, who is an editor for a uni- about trees in winter?
versity press, showed me her office. 2. Starr Auditorium is the place where I first
2. The soldier with whom my grandmother heard English Folk Song Suite.
corresponded during World War II eventu- 3. The river that was polluted by the factory
ally came home and became her husband.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

has been restored to its natural state.

3. The Chocolate War is the book that I read for 4. Ms. Pollard is the teacher for whom I wrote
my book report. my history report about the Gulf War.
4. The project is called SETI, which stands for 5. He won’t be able to come until Saturday,
“Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence.” when he has a day off from his job.
5. The road that leads to the old mill has been 6. The famous author, whose novel I read,
washed out by the flood. visited our school.
6. She served in the administration of Bill 7. Gettysburg, where a famous battle was
Clinton, who was the forty-second presi- fought in the Civil War, is in southern
dent of the United States. Pennsylvania.
7. My little brother is a kid whom you can 8. I was awake at dawn, which is too early.
really love.
9. The newspaper printed a picture of the old
8. She was the player whose skill at jump barn in which the stolen money was found.
shots became legendary.

Language and Sentence Skills Practice Answer Key 53

10. I know a few lines of the poem that Kerry 10. Ice fish live where temperatures sometimes
quoted on television. drop below freezing.
EXERCISE B EXERCISE B
Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. Answers will vary. Sample responses are given.
11. The director who won an Academy Award 11. While I tossed the salad, Bert took the bread
out of the oven.
last year will present his new film at the
12. The salsa dancers were upset because they
film festival. didn’t win the dance contest.
12. A cat is rolling in the grass that I just 13. The spy hid the documents where only he
mowed. would find them.
14. As soon as a trail was blazed, people
13. My aunt and uncle drove through New
swarmed into the Amazon jungle.
Mexico, where the land is dry and rocky.
15. Kim can throw a football farther than I
14. The band whose lead singer is from our thought she could.
school will play at the dance. The Adverb Clause B, p. 127
15. Clare and Ruben, who are extremely talent- EXERCISE A Students’ identification of words modi-
fied may vary for some items.
ed, wrote the class song.
1. Please read whenever you like.
The Adverb Clause A, p. 126
2. Regis looked as though he had been caught
EXERCISE A Students’ identification of words modi-
fied may vary for some items. in a rainstorm.
1. A lobster fears few enemies because it has a 3. None of you should build a campfire until
hard, protective shell. you have learned the proper technique.
2. A shark can swim faster than a human can. 4. If your uncle comes to the reunion tomor-
3. The life expectancy of a sea turtle is not as row, ask him about his experiences in
long as it once was. Indonesia.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

4. When an octopus is attacked, it can spray a 5. Paolo mixed the pancake batter carefully so
jet of inky fluid at its opponent. that there wouldn’t be any lumps.
5. Up close at night, a coral reef is more 6. Ever since James hiked the Appalachian
beautiful than you can imagine. Trail, he has been in better shape.
6. When a moray eel feels threatened, it 7. We traveled slowly unless we were forced
withdraws into its hiding place. to go faster.
7. A sea cow can swim faster than you might 8. Although she wrote a book set in the
think. Galápagos Islands, she has never been
8. The sting of most jellyfish can be dangerous there.
unless it is treated. 9. After the rainstorm ended, the droplets
9. A puffer inflates itself like a balloon until its on the leaves of the trees sparkled like

attacker swims away. diamonds.

10. I recited the poem more dramatically than
she did.
54 HOLT HANDBOOK Second Course
 EXERCISE B EXERCISE B
11. Until Maya brings the eggplant, we won’t 11. AC

be able to start dinner. 12. PP

13. PP
12. Clarence is a much better bicycle mechanic
14. AC
than I am.
15. AC
13. The cat batted its toy mouse under the
The Noun Clause, p. 129
refrigerator so that no one could reach it.
EXERCISE A
14. Vladimir played the piano as though his 1. The film told us about what we should do
life depended on it. in the case of an earthquake.
15. Because the sky is clear, we will have a 2. That some tapeworms grow to lengths of
good view of the meteor shower. more than one hundred feet seems
Subordinating Conjunctions, p. 128 incredible.
EXERCISE A 3. No one could explain what had happened
1. Though I did not enjoy the first page, I fin- to all of the treasure.
ished the story.
4. Leuwana sent whoever asked her for one a
2. Oscar can swim much farther than I can. postcard from Puerto Rico.
3. You may watch television after dinner as 5. The ending of the book is not what I had
long as you finish your homework first. expected.
4. The post office is closed because today is EXERCISE B
S
Presidents’ Day. 6. That the referee called a technical foul
5. Unless the track team wins its next two caused an uproar among the fans.
meets, it will not go to the state finals. 7. The guest speaker told us what could be
DO
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

6. There are footnotes at the bottom of each done about acid rain.
page so that the reader can immediately see 8. The number of commercials during a televi-
PN
the meaning of old or obscure words. sion program is what annoys me most.
7. If the weather stays nice, we can go biking 9. The cafeteria worker gave whoever asked
IO
this afternoon. for more pasta another generous helping.
S
8. Susannah sounds as though she has a bad 10. Whatever happens at the Super Bowl will
cold. be seen by millions of people.
DO
9. Although the salad usually came with 11. Please do not tell me how the movie ends.
olives, Gretchen asked the cook not to put S
12. That the storm caused some damage is an
olives on hers. understatement.
10. Jan’s kite soared higher than Mimi’s model IO
13. The ship’s captain offered whoever spotted
airplane flew. a whale three gold coins.

Language and Sentence Skills Practice Answer Key 55

 S ADV
14. Whatever happened to Amelia Earhart’s 5. As soon as she got home from the library,
airplane remains a mystery. she started the book.
15. Tsang Ying is reading a book about what 6. Ernesto studied hard so that he could pass
OP ADV
happened to the bison of North America. the sergeant’s exam.

Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses A, p. 130 7. We often visited Dr. Ito on Sunday evenings,
ADJ
EXERCISE when he usually cooked a traditional
ADJ
1. Jeri, who learned to dance from his grand- Japanese meal.
N
mother, taught us the Charleston. 8. At last, Carla remembered what she had
ADV
2. Because her favorite program was on, Stacy meant to say before.
ADV
wanted to stay home. 9. Because he had a cold that evening, Stevie
ADJ
3. Any author whose books make the best- missed the premiere of the film.
N
seller list is likely to make a lot of money. 10. The hostess gave whoever came to the
N
4. Whoever spilled the mustard all over the party a paper hat and a noisemaker.
floor should clean it up. Review A: The Clause, p. 132
5. Esai rode his bicycle whenever he had EXERCISE A
ADV SUB
errands to run. 1. The dog acted as if it understood French.
ADJ
6. This is the garden where we grow tomatoes. 2. As the others watched the parade on televi-
N IND
7. He told his story to whoever would listen. sion, Jim went into the bedroom and took a
nap.
8. Mother explained why we should change SUB
N
the oil in the car. 3. The athlete whose face is on the cover of the
ADV magazine retired from the game recently.
9. If we want to get to the game on time, we SUB
should leave now. 4. We should ask Peter whether he knows
ADJ

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Mr. Mugabe.
10. The play on which the film is based is quite IND
good. 5. This year the town was prepared for torna-
do season because of the disaster last year.
Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses B, p. 131 SUB
EXERCISE 6. Dario folded the towels so that they would
ADV
1. He rode his bicycle wherever he wanted fit in the cupboard.
SUB
to go. 7. Bob, who is my favorite cousin, will be
ADJ
2. The poet to whom she is referring is Robert attending West Point in the fall.
IND
Frost. 8. We were surprised when we found the cat
N
3. Whatever you want to do tonight is okay playing happily with the dog.
SUB
with me. 9. Bring whoever asks a napkin.
ADJ
4. He is the artist whose sculptures are placed 10. After the explorers arrived at the top of the
IND
in the courtyard. mountain, they took each other’s picture.

56 HOLT HANDBOOK Second Course

 N
EXERCISE B 14. Bronze is what is created by mixing copper
ADJ
11. The relatives whom Christopher visited last and tin.
ADV
week are friendly and generous. 15. Diamonds are rare although they are made
ADV
12. Divers wear masks so that they can see of the widely distributed element carbon.
underwater. 16. That decade was a time when great strides
N ADJ
13. The traveler was grateful to whoever put in civil rights were made.
ADV
up the road sign. 17. Liang felt as if she had not slept in several
ADJ
14. A person whose temperature rises above days.
102° Fahrenheit should see a doctor. 18. Mr. Martinez set his daughter on his shoul-
ADJ ADV
15. Is this the time when you usually go to ders so that she could watch the parade.
lunch? 19. Maryland is one state where a person can
ADV ADJ
16. Until the pool is cleaned, no one is allowed find plenty of fresh seafood.
to swim in it. 20. Ms. Desai reviewed with her students what
N
17. No one has proved the existence of the they should study for the test.
ADV
Loch Ness monster, although many people
Review C: The Clause, p. 134
believe in its existence. EXERCISE A
N
18. You can send whomever you choose a card 1. SUB—N 6. SUB—ADV
for Valentine’s Day. 2. SUB—ADV 7. SUB—ADJ
ADV 3. IND 8. IND
19. If the earth’s climate grows warmer, sea lev-
4. SUB—ADJ 9. SUB—N
els will rise, and crops will fail.
N 5. IND 10. IND
20. What actually happened to my baseball
EXERCISE B
glove is anyone’s guess. ADV
11. Since she was going downtown anyway,
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Review B: The Clause, p. 133 Clare offered to pick up the milk.

EXERCISE A N
12. We decided to watch whatever Diego
1. S—N 6. S—N
brought back from the video store.
2. S—ADJ 7. S—ADV ADV
3. S—ADJ 8. S—ADJ 13. Before he drove into the carwash, he rolled
4. I 9. S—N up all the windows.
ADJ
5. S—ADV 10. I 14. The painting that had hung in the waiting
EXERCISE B room was now hanging in the doctor’s
ADV
11. Until plastic wrap was invented, most peo- office.
ple used paper. 15. Ms. Johannsen stops at her uncle’s house
ADJ ADV
12. One mountain that is almost as tall as whenever she is in Portland.
Mount Everest is K2. N
16. What the butler saw was a matter of debate
13. Every day, the senator rides the train that for weeks.
ADJ
runs from Delaware to Washington, D.C.

Language and Sentence Skills Practice Answer Key 57

 ADJ
17. The CD, which had rolled across the carpet, (5) They have yarns of a man. He killed a
came to rest against the cat. snake by putting its tail in its mouth so it
ADJ swallowed itself.
18. Is she the singer for whom the song was
2. Answers will vary. Sample responses are given.
written?
ADV (a) No, the connection would not be as
19. Although I had read Moby-Dick recently, I tight or clear because the ideas are broken
could not remember the narrator’s name. apart into separate sentences. The reader
N pauses between the sentences, and this
20. Our dog will eat whatever we put in front pause creates distance between the ideas.
of her. (b) Yes, the flow and rhythm would be
Literary Model: Poetry, pp. 135=36 affected. The rhythm changes when you
reword the adjective clauses and create
EXERCISE A
separate sentences. The effect of the changes
(1) Of the man who drove a swarm of bees is a less rhythmic, less melodious flow
across the Rocky Mountains and the Desert of words.
“and didn’t lose a bee,” (c) No, I don’t think the humor is lost
completely. However, the punch line is a
(2) Of a mountain railroad curve where the little less effective since, midway through
engineer in his cab can touch the caboose and the line, there is a break in the idea flow.
spit in the conductor’s eye, . . . EXERCISE C
(3) Of the sheep counter who was fast and Answers will vary. Sample responses are given.

accurate: “I just count their feet and divide by Of the surfer who surfed from California to
four,” . . . Hawaii on one wave,

(4) Of a cyclone that sucked cookstoves out of Of the sports car that made it from one coast to
the kitchen, up the chimney flue, and on to the the other in half a day,
next town, . . . Of the rock star who sold one million records in
(5) Of the man who killed a snake by putting twenty-four hours,

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

its tail in its mouth so it swallowed itself, . . . Of a skyscraper that ripped away the part of
From Poem No. 45 (retitled “They Have Yarns”) from The People, Yes by the sky directly above it,
Carl Sandburg. Copyright 1936 by Harcourt Brace & Company; copyright
renewed © 1964 by Carl Sandburg. Reprinted by permission of Harcourt,
Inc. Of the artist who made a fortune selling
EXERCISE B edible art,
1. (2) They have yarns of a mountain railroad
Of the man who ate only cabbage after his one
curve. On this curve, the engineer in his cab
can touch the caboose and spit in the con- hundredth birthday . . . and lived another ten
ductor’s eye. years!
(3) They have yarns of a sheep counter. He EXERCISE D
was fast and accurate: “I just count their Answers will vary. Sample responses are given.
feet and divide by four.” If I had not used adjective clauses, my sen-
(4) They have yarns of a cyclone. It sucked tences would not have been as interesting and
cookstoves out of the kitchen, up the chim- complex. In most cases I would have had to
ney flue, and on to the next town. write two shorter sentences to express a

58 HOLT HANDBOOK Second Course

 thought. For example, instead of “They have
yarns/Of the surfer who surfed from California
to Hawaii on one wave,” I would have had to
write “They have yarns of a surfer./This surfer
surfed from California to Hawaii on one wave.”

Writing Application: Letter, p. 137

Writing Applications are designed to provide
students immediate composition practice in
using key concepts taught in each chapter of
the Language and Sentence Skills Practice booklet.
You may wish to evaluate student responses to
these assignments as you do any other writing
that students produce. To save grading time,
however, you may want to use the following
scoring rubric.

Scoring Rubric
The letter contains three specific concerns about
high school.
1 2 3 4 5
The letter uses adverb clauses to describe the
conditions under which action takes place.
1 2 3 4 5
Logical subordinating conjunctions introduce
each adverb clause.
1 2 3 4 5
The assignment is relatively free of errors in
grammar, usage, and mechanics.
1 2 3 4 5
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Total Score
5 ⫽ highest; 1 ⫽ lowest

Language and Sentence Skills Practice Answer Key 59