1

SP -1/5

DAV PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ODISHA ZONE - D

SAMPLE PAPER (2024-25)

 Please check that this question paper contains 11printed pages.

 Set number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on the
title page of the answer book by the candidate.
 Check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
 Write down the Serial Number of the question in the left side of the margin before
attempting it.
 15 minutestime has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will be
distributed 15 minutes prior to the commencement of the examination. The students will
read the question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer script during
this period.

CLASS- XII
SUB:CHEMISTRY(043)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks:70

General Instructions:

General Instructions: Read the following instructions carefully.

(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.

(c) SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.

(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.

(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case- based questions carrying 4 marks each.

(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.

(g) All questions are compulsory.

(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

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 SECTION - A
1. The stability of Cu2+ is more than Cu+ salts in aqueous solution due to
(a)Enthalpy of atomisation
(b) Hydration enthalpy
(c) First ionisation enthalpy
(d) Second ionisation enthalpy
2. Which of the following solutions of KCl will have the highest value of molar
conductivity?
(a) 0.01 M (b) 0.1 M
(c) 1.0 M (d) 0.5 M
3. The rate of a first order reaction is 1.5 × 10–2mol L–1 min–1 at 0.5 M concentration of the
reactant. The half life of the reaction is
(a) 0.383 min (b) 7.53 min
(c) 8.73 min (d) 23.1 min
4. Which of the following is not true for a pseudo first-order reaction?
(a) The reaction follows first order kinetics
(b) Molecularity of the reaction should be one
(c) The reactants such as water are present in excess and are assumed to be constant
throughout the reaction
(d) Unit of the rate constant is s-1
5. When KMnO4 solution is added to oxalic acid solution, the decolourisation is slow in the
beginning but becomes instantaneous after some time because
(a) CO2 is formed as the product (b) Reaction is exothermic
(c) MnO4–catalyzes the reaction (d) Mn2+ acts as autocatalyst
6. Which of the following complexes shows zero crystal field stabilization energy?
(a) [Co(H2O)6] 3+ (b) [Fe(H2O)6] 3+
(c) [Co(H2O)6] 2+ (d) [Mn(H2O)6] 3+
7. The coordination number and oxidation number of Cr in K3[Cr(C2O4)3] are respectively
(a) 3 and +3 (b) 3 and +0
(c) 6 and +3 (d) 6 and +2
8. Toulene reacts with chlorine in the presence of light to give
(a) Benzyl chloride (b) Benzoyl chloride
(c) o-chloro toluene (d) p- chlorotolu

3
9. Which of the following compounds will react with sodium hydroxide solution in water?
(a) C2H5OH (b) C6H5CH2OH
(c) (CH3)3COH (d) C6H5OH
10. Which of the following alcohols will give the most stable carbocation during dehydration?
(a)2-methyl-1-propanol (b)2-methyl-2-propanol
(c) 1-Butanol (d)2-Butanol
11. Which of the following would not be agood choice for reducing nitrobenzene to aniline?
(a)LiAlH4 (b) H2/Ni
(c) Fe and HCl (d) Sn and HCl
12. The correct sequence of reactions to be performed to convert benzene to m-bromo aniline
is (a) nitration ,reduction, bromination
(b) bromination, nitration ,reduction
(c) nitration ,bromination ,reduction
(d) reduction, nitration , bromination
13. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Conductivity of all electrolytes decreases on dilution.
Reason:On dilution, number of ions per unit volume decreases.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
14. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion(A): Lucas reagent can be used to distinguish between methanol and ethanol.
Reason(R): Alcohols are soluble in Lucas reagent while their halides are immiscible.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): N-Ethylbenzene sulphonamide is soluble in alkali.
Reason (R): Hydrogen attached to nitrogen in sulphonamide is strongly acidic.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

4
 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Hydrolysis of sucrose brings about a change in sign of rotation from
dextro to laevo.
Reason (R): Hydrolysis always changes the optical rotation of a compound.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
SECTION- B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in onequestions. The
following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17. What is the pH of HCl solution when the hydrogen gas electrode shows a potential
of
0.59 V at standard temperature and pressure?
18. The rate constant for a reaction of zero order in A is 0.003 mol L−1 s−1. How long will it
take for the initial concentration of A to fall from 0.1 M to 0.075 M?
19. When a coordination compound NiCl2.6H2O mixed with AgNO3, 2 moles of AgCl
are precipitated per mole of the compound. Write
(a) Structural formula of the complex.
(b) IUPAC name of the complex.
OR
(a) Nickel (II) does not form low spin octahedral complexes. Give reason.
(b) Explain why [Fe(C2O4)3]3 is mor stable than [Fe(NH3)6] 3+.
20. (a) Out of (CH3)3C-Br and (CH3)3C-I, which one is more reactive towards SN1
and why?
(c) Why dextro and laevo-rotatory isomers of butan-2-ol are difficult to separate by
fractional distillation?

21. (a) What type of bonding helps in stabilising the α-helix structure of proteins?
(b) What is the effect of denaturation on the structure of proteins?
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 SECTION- C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
22. (a)State Henry‘s law and explain why are the tanks used by scuba divers filled with
air diluted with helium (11.7% helium, 56.2% nitrogen and 32.1% oxygen)?
(b)Assume that argon exerts a partial pressure of 6 bar. Calculate the solubility
of argon gas in water.
(Given Henry‘s law constant for argon dissolved in water, KH = 40kbar)
23. The rates of most reactions double when their temperature is raised from 298 K to
308 K. Calculate activation energy of such a reaction.
24. Using Valence bond theory, explain the following in relation to the paramagnetic
complex [Mn(CN)6]3
(a)type of hybridization
(b) magnetic moment value
(c) type of complex – inner or outer orbital complex
25. Answer the following:
(a) Although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group, yet it is ortho-, para- directing
in electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Why?
(b) What is known as a racemic mixture?
(c) Allyl chloride is hydrolysed more readily than n-propyl chloride. Explain.
26. (a) Write the mechanism of the following reaction:

2 CH3– CH3-OH → CH3– CH2-O-CH2–CH3

(b) Di-tert-butyl ether can not be prepared by Williamson synthesis. Give reason.
27. Arrange the following in the increasing order of their property indicated:
(a) Methyl tert-butyl ketone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Acetaldehyde, Acetone
(reactivitytowards NH2OH).
(b) CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3CH2OH (boiling point)
(c) Benzoic acid, Phenol, Salicylic acid(acid strength)
28. (a) Account the following:
(i)Aniline cannot be prepared by the ammonolysis of chlorobenzeneunder
normalconditions.
(ii) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide.
(b) Arrange the following in increasing order of pKb values:
C2H5NH2, C6H5CH2NH2, C6H5NHCH3 , (C2H5)2NH
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 OR
Write the structures of the main products when aniline reacts with the following reagents:
(a) Br2 – water
(b) HCl
(c) (CH3CO)2O / pyridine
SECTION-D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice
and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
that follow.
29. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy that is ingested by humanbody. Brain
mainly utilizes the glucose. Red blood cells also use glucose only. Fiber in the diet is not
digested by human body due to lack of cellulose enzyme. Glucose is the major energy
source in the body. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose and glycogen is stored in
skeletal muscles and liver. If glucose intake exceeds then it is utilized in the body it is
converted into fat. Ribose are utilized in formation of deoxyribonucleic acid.
Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy alcohol with potentially active carbonyl group which may
be aldehyde or keto group. Carbohydrates can be classified on the basis of carbon atom
present in the carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are classified into three types:
Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides. All carbohydrates can be
hydrolyzed except monosaccharides. Disaccharides give two monosaccharides on
hydrolysis. The monosaccharides give the characteristic reactions of alcohols and carbonyl
group. It has been found that these monosaccharides exist in the form of cyclic structures.
Polysaccharides may be homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Which one of the following is a polysaccharides?
Glucose, glycogen,maltose, galactose
OR
Which of the two components of starch is water soluble? Amylose
(b) What are the hydrolysis products of maltose?
(c) Write the product formed when D-glucose is treated with
(i) HI
(ii) HNO3
32. An approximate quantitative treatment of solubility curves on the basis of their relative
deviations from Raoult's law has been given by Mortimer, who considers them as straight
lines converging to the melting point, whoseslopes represent the heats of solution, which
7
 may be calculated from a tableof relative internal pressures. While this treatment is
practically useful in systems which deviate only moderately from Raoult's law, it suffers
from the facts, first, that the curves are not linear, second, that where the deviation from
Raoult's law is great enough to yield two liquid phases the curve doesnot converge with
the Raoult's law curve to the melting point, and third, thatthe slope of the solubility curve
has no simple physical meaning, for itcorresponds to the heat of solution only where
Raoult's law is obeyed.
Answer the following questions:
(a) What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? + ve
(b) State Raoult's law for a solution containing volatile components.
(c) At 250C the saturated vapour pressure of water is 3.165 KPa. Find the saturated
vapourpressure of a 5 % aqueous solution of urea at the same temperature.
OR
An aqueous solution of 2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the
normal boiling point of the solvent. What is the molar mass of the solute?
SECTION- E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All questions
have an internal choice.
31. (a) Give reasons:
(i) All copper halides are known except that copper iodide
(ii) E° value for Mn2+/ Mnis negative whereas for Cu2+/ Cu is positive.
(iii) Actionoids show large number of oxidation states than lanthanoids.
(b) Complete the following equations:
(i) 
(ii) 
OR
(a) When chromite ore is fused with sodium carbonate in free access of air, a
yellow solution of compound (A) is obtained. On acidifying the yellow
solution with sulphuric acid , compound (B) is crystallised out. When
compound (B) is treated with KCl, orange crystals of compound (C)
crystallise out. Identify (A), (B) and (C) and write the reactions involved.
(b) In the following ions:
Mn3+, V3+, Cr3+, Ti4+
(Atomic no. : Mn = 25, V = 23, Cr = 24, Ti = 22)
8
 (i) Which ion is most stable in an aqueous solution?
(ii) Which ion is the strongest oxidizing agent?
(iii) Which ion is colourless?
(iv) Which ion has the highest number of unpaired electrons?
32. (a) State Kohlrausch‘s law of independent migration of ion.
(b) Write the products of electrolysis of aquous CuCl2 using platinum electrode.
(b) Calculate ΔrG° and log K for the following reaction at 298 K.
2Cr (s) + 3Cd2+ (aq)  2Cr3+(aq.) + 3Cd(s)
(Given: E0Cr3+/Cr = 0.74V, E0Cd2+/Cd = 0.40V, 1F = 96500 C mol-1)
OR
(a) Molar conductivity of substance ―A‖ is 5.9×103 S/m and ―B‖ is 1 x 10-16 S/m.
Which of the two is most likely to be copper metal and why?
(b) Why does the cell voltage of a mercury cell remain constant during its lifetime?
(c) Conductivity of 0.00241 M acetic acid is 7.896 × 10−5S cm−1. Calculate its
molar conductivity and if Λ0m for acetic acid is 390.5 S cm2mol−1, what is its
dissociation constant?
33. (a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved in Clemmensen reduction.
(b) Draw the structure of the semicarbazone of ethanal.
(c) Formaldehyde does not take part in Aldol condensation. Why?
(d) Write the product in the following reaction:

CH3–CH = CH–CH2–CN→
(e) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between formic acid and acetic acid.
OR
An organic compound (A) with molecular formula C2Cl3O2H is obtained when (B)
reacts with Red P and Cl2. The organic compound (B) can be obtained on the
reaction of methyl magnesium chloride with dry ice followed by acid hydrolysis.
(a) Identify A and B.
(b) Write down the reaction for the formation of A from B. What is this reaction called?
(c) Give any one method by which organic compound B can be prepared from its
corresponding acid chloride.
(d) Which will be the more acidic compound (A) or (B) andWhy?
(e) Write down the reaction to prepare methane from the compound (B).

9
 MARKING SCHEME - 1/5
SUBJECT- CHEMISTRY CLASS :XII

Value Points Marks

Q. NO. Allotted

1. (b) Hydration enthalpy 1

2. (a) 0.01 M 1

3. (d) 23.1 min 1

(b) Molecularity of the reaction should be one

4. 1

5. (d) Mn2+ acts as autocatalyst 1

6. (b) [Fe(H2O)6] 3+ 1

7. (c) 6 and +3 1

8. (a) Benzyl chloride 1

9. (d) C6H5OH 1
(b) 2-methyl-2-propanol
10. 1

11. (a) LiAlH4 1

(c) nitration , bromination,reduction

12. 1

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

13. 1

(d) A is false but R is true.

14. 1
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
15. 1
(c) A is true but R is false.
16. 1
H+ (aq) +  H2 (g)
½
cell
0
17. Ecell = E log
½
or 0.59 = 0  log (log H ) +
½
or 0.59 =  0.0591× pH
½
or pH = 10
10
 Marks
Q. NO. Value Points Allotted
18. t= ½
= ½
= ½
= 8.33 s ½
19. 1
(a) [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2 1

(b) Hexaaquanickel(II) chloride

OR
(a) [Fe(C2O4)3]3is more stable because it is a chelate complex. 1
(b) Ni2+ has 2 unpaired electrons, after pairing only one
d-orbital will be left which cannot be used to form d2sp3 hybridisation 1
and hence low spin octahedral complex.
20. (a) (CH3)3C-I, due to better leaving group.
1
(b) Because enantiomers have same boiling point.
1
(a) Intramolecular H-bonding.
21. 1
(b) 20 and 30 structures are destroyed
1

22.
(a) Henry‘s law: the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase is proportional 1
to the mole fraction of the gas.
When the diver comes to the surface the pressure decreases so does the 1
solubility causing bubbles of nitrogen in blood. To avoid this situation and
maintain the same partial pressure of nitrogen, the dilution is done.
(b) p = KHx
or x = p / KH = 6 / 40 × 103= 1.5 × 10 3 bar 1

½
23.
1

1
⇒ Ea = 52897.77J
½

11
 Q. Marks
Value Points
NO. Allotted
24. (a)Type of hybridisation: d2sp3
(b) Magnetic moment value = √ 1

=√ = 2.87 BM 1
(c) type of complex – inner orbital complex
1
(a) Due to resonance, the electron density increases more at ortho- and para-
positions. 1
25.
(b) A mixture containing two enantiomers in equal proportions.
1
(c) In allyl chloride, carbocation formed during the reaction is stabilised
through resonance. 1
26.

1
(a)
(b) Because in tert.butyl halide, elimination is favoured over substitution ½
and alkene is formed
1
27. (a) Di-tert-butyl ketone < Methyl tert-butyl ketone
1
< Acetone < Acetaldehyde
1
(b) CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH < CH3COOH
(c) Phenol <Benzoic acid<Salicylic acid 1

28. 1
(a) (i) In case of chlorobenzene, the C—Cl bond is quite difficult to break as
it acquires a partial double bond character due to resonance.
(ii) Methylamine is more basic than water which accepts a proton from 1
– – 3+
water and liberating OH ions. These OH ions combine with Fe ions
present in H2O and forms brown precipitate of hydrated ferric oxide.

(b) (C2H5)2NH <C2H5NH2 <C6H5CH2NH2<C6H5NHCH3 1

OR

12
 Q. Marks
Value Points
NO. Allotted

(b) 1

(c)

(a) Glycogen
29. 1
OR
Amylose 1
(b) Two units of α-D-Glucose.
(c) (i) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 1
(ii) HOOC-(CHOH)4-COOH 1

(a) +vedeviation
(b) For a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each 1
30. component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fractions. 1
(c) =

or =
1
or 3.118 kPa 1
OR

= 41.35 g mol−1 1

13
 Q. Marks
Value Points
NO. Allotted
1
31. (a) (i) Cu2+ oxidises iodide ion to I2.
(ii) Mn2+ is stable due to exactly half filled 3d5 configuration / Due to high 1
ΔaH0 and low ΔhydH0 for Cu2+ / Cu is positive.
(iii) Due to comparable energies of 5f , 6d and 7s orbitals. 1
(b)(i)  1


1

OR
1
(a) A = , B= C=

+ 8 +7 8 +2 1
(A) + 8C
+  +
1
(B)
+ 2 KCl  2 NaCl 1
(C)
3+
(b) (i) Cr
(ii) Mn3+ 1
(iii) Ti4+
1
(iv) Mn3+
32.
(a) The limiting molar conductivities of an electrolyte is the sum of the 1
limiting ionic conductivities of the cation and anion.
(b) At cathode:Cu2+ + 2 Cu 1
At anode:2 Cl2+ 2
Product at cathode is Cu and at anode Cl2.
1
0 0 0
(c) E cell = E cathode - E anode = 0.40 – (–0.74) = + 0.34 V
ΔrG° = − 6 × 96500 × 0.34 = − 196860 J mol−1- = − 196.860 KJ mol−1 1
ΔrG°= − 2.303 RT log K
Δ Δ
log K = − = − 1
=− = 34.50

14
 Q. Marks
Value Points
NO. Allotted
OR
(a) ―A‖ is copper, as metals have high value of conductivity.
(b) Because the overall reaction does not contain any ion in solution whose
concentration can change during its life time.
(c)

= 32.76S cm2mol−1
1
= 0.084
1

= 1.86 × 10−5 1

33. (a) CH3COCH3→ CH3-CH2-CH3 + H2O 1

(b) CH3CH=N-NHCONH2 1
(c) Because formaldehyde does not α- hydrogen atom.
1
(d) CH3 –CH = CH – CH2-CHO
1
(e) On warming formic acid with Tollen‘s reagent gives silver mirror. Acetic
acid does not respond to this test. 1
OR
(A): CCl3COOH (B): CH3COOH 1
b. CH3COOH → CCl3COOH , 1
Hell Volhard Zelinsky reaction. 1
d. A will be more acidic due to presence of 3 Cl groups (electron withdrawing 1
groups) which increase acidity of carboxylic acid.
1

15
 SP- 2 / 5

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - (2024-25)

● Please check that this question paper contains 6 printed pages.

● Set number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on the title
page of the answer book by the candidate.
● Check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
● Write down the Serial Number of the question in the left side of the margin before
attempting it.
● 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will be
distributed 15 minutes prior to the commencement of the examination. The students will
read the question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer script during this
period.

CLASS- XII

CHEMISTRY THEORY (043)

Max. Marks: 70 Time: 3 hours

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple -choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case - based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
(g) All questions are compulsory.
(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.
___________________________________________________________________
SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct answer. Each question
carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
1. What will be the change in the hybridisation of 'C' when a nucleophile attacks the
electrophilic centre of the carbonyl group?
(a) sp2 to sp (b) sp3 to sp2
(c) sp3 to sp (d) sp2 to sp3
2. The molal elevation constant depends upon
(a) nature of solute. (b) nature of the solvent.
(c) vapour pressure of the solution. (d) enthalpy change.
16
3. How much charge is required for the reduction 1 mol of MnO4– to Mn2+
(a) 7F (b) 3F
(c) 1F (d) 5 F
4. Energy of activation of forward reaction for an endothermic process is 50 kJ and
enthalpy change is 20 kJ then activation energy change for backward reaction is
(a) 50 kJ (b) 20 kJ
(c) 30 kJ (d) 20 kJ
5. KMnO4 is coloured due to:
(a) d-d transitions (b) charge transfer from ligand to metal
(c) unpaired electrons in d orbital of Mn (d) charge transfer from metal to ligand
6. When 0.1 molCoCl3 .5NH3 is treated with excess of AgNO3, 0.2 mol of AgCl are
obtained. The conductivity of solution will correspond to
(a) 1:3 electrolyte (b) 1:2 electrolyte
(c) 1:1 electrolyte (d) 3:1 electrolyte
7. Major product obtained on reaction of 1-phenyl propene with HBr yield:
(a) 2-bromo-3-phenylpropane (b) 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane
(c) 1-phenyl-3-bromopropane (d) 1-bromo1-phenylpropane
8. Which of the following alkyl halide do not undergo Williamson synthesis
(a) CH3Cl (b) C2H5Cl
(c) (CH3)3CCl (d) CH3CH2CH2Cl
9. Structure of a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose is given below.Identifyanomeric
carbon atoms in monosaccharide units.

(a) ‗a‘ carbon of glucose and ‗a‘ carbon of fructose.

(b) ‗a‘ carbon of glucose and ‗e‘ carbon of fructose.
(c) ‗a‘ carbon of glucose and ‗b‘ carbon of fructose.
(d) ‗f ‘ carbon of glucose and ‗f‘ carbon of fructose.
10. Reaction of phenyl magnesium bromide with carbon dioxide in presence of H+:
(a) Benzaldehyde (b) Benzophenone
(c) Benzoic acid (d) Benzamide.

17
11.Which of the following gives positive iodoform test:
(a) Benzaldehyde (b) Benzophenone
(c) Acetophenone (d) Benzamide.
12. Glucose on reaction with Conc. HNO3 ,confirm the presence of:
(a) Carbonyl group (b) Aldehyde group
(c) 5-OH group (d) one 1° alcohol group
13. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A) : [Fe(CN)6] 3– ion shows magnetic moment corresponding to two
unpaired electrons.
Reason (R) : Because it has d2sp3 type hybridisation.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
14. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A) : Mostly enzymes are made up of proteins which have three dimensional
structure.
Reason (R) : Secondary structure of protein are due to the formation of ionic.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion: An aqueous solution of NaCl freezes below 273 K.
Reason: Vapour pressure of the solution is less than that of the pure solvent.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion :Tert-butylamine can be prepared by the action of NH3. on tert-butyl bromide.

18
Reason :Tert-butyl bromide being 3° alkyl halide prefers to undergo
elimination on the treatment with a base.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions
are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17. The first order reaction takes 69.3min for 50% completion. How much time will it take for
80% completion? (log 2= 0.3010 , log 5= 0.698)
18. Account for the following :–
(a) CaCl2 is used to clear snow from roads in hill stations.
(c) The freezing point depression of 0.01 m MgCl2 is nearly thrice that of 0.01 m
glucose solution.
19. Give reason for the following :
(a) Sucrose is dextrorotatory but the mixture obtained after hydrolysis is laevorotatory.
(b) Amino acids behave like salts rather than simple amines or carboxylic acids
OR
(a) What is the structural difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?
(b) The deficiency of which vitamin causes the disease, ‗pernicious anaemia‘?
20. Predict the products of the following reactions (any 2):

21. (a) Distinguish between fibrous protein and globular protein.

(b) Samarth reacted glucose with Bromine water. What will the reaction help him
to determine what is present in a glucose molecule? Justify your answer.
SECTION C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions
are short answer types and carry 3 marks each.

19
22. Answer the following: [1+1+1]
(a) Write the steps involved in the preparation of
(i) K2Cr2O7 from Na2CrO4 (ii) KMnO4 from K2MnO4.
(b) What is lanthanoid contraction?
23. Molar conductivity at infinite dilution for NH4Cl, NaOH and NaCl solution at 298 K are
respectively 129.8, 218.4 and 108.9 Scm2 mol–1 and molar conductivity at 10–2 M solution
of NH4OH is 9.33 Scm2 mol–1. Calculate the degree of dissociation of NH4OH.
24. Suggest the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of propene.
OR
Write the mechanism of acid catalysed reaction of ethanol to ethoxyethane.
25. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane-sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the
freezing point of 5% solution (by mass) of glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is
273.15 K. [Given: Molecular Formula of Glucose(C6H12O6) & Cane sugar (C12H22O11)
26. Complete the following questions: [1+1+1]
(a) C2H5NH2 , (C2H5)2 NH, (C2H5)3N, C6H5NH2 (Arrange the following in increasing order of
their basic strength in aqueous medium)
(b) What is Carbylamine reaction?
(c) What happens when ethyl amine is treated with nitrous acid?
27. Answer the following:
(a) Why Mn (III) undergoes disproportionation reaction easily.
(b) Complete the chemical equations in acidic medium: MnO4– + C2O42–
(c) Write the structure of Dichromate ion.
28. An aromatic compound ‗X‘ of molecular formula C7H7ON undergoes a series of reactions
as shown below. Write the structures of A, B, and C in the following reactions:

SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Each question has an internal choice and
carries4 (2+1+1) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
29. Read the following and answer the questions from (a) to (c) given below.
The rate of a chemical reaction is expressed either in terms of decrease in the concentration of a
reactant per unit time or increase in the concentration of a product per unit time. Rate of the

20
reaction depends upon the nature of reactants, concentration of reactants, temperature, presence of
catalyst, surface area of the reactants and presence of light. Rate of reaction is directly related to
the concentration of reactant. Rate law states that the rate of reaction depends upon the
concentration terms on which the rate of reaction actually depends, as observed experimentally.
The sum of powers of the concentration of the reactants in the rate law expression is called order
of reaction while the number of reacting species taking part in an elementary reaction which must
collide simultaneously in order to bring about a chemical reaction is called molecularity of the
reaction.
(a) Distinguish between order and molecularity.
(b) A first order reaction is 50% complete in 69.3 minutes. Time required for 99.9%
completion this reaction is
(i) 693 min (ii) 6.93 min (iii) 0.693 min (iv) 6930 min
(c) If concentration of reactants is increased by 'x' then the k becomes –
(i) ln k/x (ii) k/x (iii) k + x (iv) k
OR
If the concentration units are reduced by n times then the value of rate constant of first
order will
(i) Increases by n times (ii) Decreases by factor of n
(ii) Remain constant (iv) Decrease 1/n times
30. Read the following and answer the questions from (a) to (c) given below.
Grignard reagents are alkyl magnesium halides. Due to the large electronegativity difference
between carbon and magnesium, the carbon-magnesium bond has significant ionic character. The
hydrocarbon part of the Grignard reagents acts as a source of carbanions. Therefore, Grignard
reagents readily undergo nucleophilic addition reactions.
The polarity of the C—X bond is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl
halides which mostly occur by SN1 and SN2 mechanisms.
(a) Why is Chlorobenzene less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?How can
its reactivity be enhanced?
(b) Why should Grignard reagents be prepared under anhydrous conditions?
(c) Define enantiomers.
OR
Define chiral centre.

21
 SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All questions have an
internal choice.
31. Attempt any five of the following:
(i) What will be the coordination number of Pt in Zeise'sSalt
(ii) ([Cr(NH3)6]3+ is paramagnetic while [Ni(CN)4]2– is diamagnetic. Explain why?
(iii) Draw all possible Geometrical isomers of [CoCl2(en)2]
(iv) Write the IUPAC name of [Pt(py)4] [Pt Cl4]
(v) Why violet coloured [Ti(H2O)6]Cl3 becomes colourless when heated ?
(vi) Write the formula of coordination compound: Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)
(vii) Define heteroleptic complex with example.
32. An organic compound (A) on treatment with ethyl alcohol gives a carboxylic acid (B) and
compound (C). Hydrolysis of (C) under acidified conditions gives (B) and (D). Oxidation of (D)
with KMnO4 also gives (B). (B) on heating with Ca(OH)2 gives (E) having molecular formula
C3H6O. (E) does not give Tollen's test and does not reduce Fehling‘s solution but forms a 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazone. Identify (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E).
OR
Answer the following questions:[2+3]
(a) Give reasons :
(i) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta position.
(ii) Carboxylic acids do not give the characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.
(b) How will you bring about the following conversions :
(i) Propanone to Propene
(ii) Bromobenzene to 1-phenylethanol
(iii) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone
33. Answer the following questions:[1+2+2]
(i) Name the type of cell which was used in Apollo space programme for
providing electrical power.
(ii) Calculate the strength of the current required to deposit 1.2 g of magnesium
from molten MgCl2 in 1 hour.
(iii) Calculate the emf for the given cell at 25° C :
Cr|Cr3+ (0.1 M) || Fe2+ (0.01 M)| Fe

[ E° value for Cr3+ |Cr= −0.75V and Fe2+ | Fe = −0.45V]

22
 OR
(i) State Kohlrausch‘s law of independent migration of ions.
(ii) The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K
is 1500 Ω.What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0.001 M KCl solution at
298 K is 0.146 × 10–3 S cm–1?
(iii) Find the product at each electrode for the electrolysis of aqueous solution of
AgNO3 using silver electrodes.

23
 MARKING SCHEME – 2 / 5

SUBJECT- CHEMISTRY CLASS :XII

SECTION A

Qs. No. 1. d
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. b
6. b
7. d
8. c
9. c
10. c
11. c
12. d
13. d
14. c
15. a
16. d

SECTION B

17. 1

For 80% conversion, if we assume initial concentration

to be Ro, concentration left would be Ro /5

18. (a) It causes depression in freezing point so snow melts into liquid state. 1
(b) MgCl2 (i=3), Glucose (i=1)
1

19. (a)On hydrolysis, it produces a mixture of glucose and fructose having 1

specific rotation +52.5∘ and −92.4∘. Thus, the respectively net resultant
mixture become laevorotatory. Hence, the mixture is laevorotatory and
1
product is known as invert sugar.
(a) In aqueous solution, the carboxyl group can lose a proton, an amino group can
accept a proton, giving rise to a dipolar ion known as a zwitter ion.

24
 OR
(a) Nucleoside contains pentose sugar, and base whereas nucleotide contains
pentose sugar, base as well as phosphate group.
Nucleoside = Base + Sugar
Nucleotide = Base + Sugar + Phosphate.
(b) Vitamin B-12

20.

21. (a)
Fibrous Proteins Globular Proteins

i)These consist of linear

molecules which lie side by side i)These consist of polypeptide chains
to form fibres. For example, which are folded into compact units ½
keratin forming spheroidal shapes. For example,
albumin
ii)These are insoluble in water. ½
ii)These are soluble in water.
iii)These are the main structural
units of animal tissues. iii)These act as enzymes, antibodies, etc.

iv)Polypeptides are held through iv)Polypeptides are held through

inter- molecular hydrogen intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
bonding.
NB: 1 mark will be awarded for any two valid points

(b) Presence of one aldehyde group (-CHO) in glucose 1

SECTION C

22. 1
(a) i.
ii. 2K2MnO4(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KMnO4(aq) + 2KCl (aq)

(b) This is due to poor shielding of 4f electrons. The extent of shielding is lower
25
 for 4f electrons than for d electrons. With increase in the nuclear charge, the 1
valence shell is pulled slightly towards nucleus.

23 Applying kohlrausch law : 1

24. 1
+
1
+
1

OR

26
25.

26. (a) (C2H5)2 NH > (C2H5)3N > C2H5NH2> C6H5NH2 1

(b)
1

(c) When ethyl amine is treated with nitrous acid ethanol is formed
1

27. (a) Mn3 + is less stable and changes to Mn2 + which is more stable due to half 1
filled -orbital configuration.
(b) 2 MnO4– +5 C2O42– +16 H+ → 2Mn2+ + 10 CO2 + 8 H2O 1

1
(c)
28.

1
+
1
+
A= B= C= 1

SECTION D

29. (a)

27
 1

(b) (i) 693 min.

(c) (iv) K
Rate constant K depends only upon temperature. As such any change in
concentration will not change the value of K.
OR

(ii) Rate Constant will remain same or constant.

30. (a) This is due to- 2

i. Resonance ii. Difference in EN of C-X bond
iii. Instability of phenyl cation iv. Interelectronic Repulsion
(Any one point out of the above)
Reactivity can increase due to presence of Strong EWG at ortho and para position.
(b) Grignard reagents (RMgX) are readily decomposed by water to produce alkanes. 1
(c) Enantiomers are pairs of molecules that are mirror images of each other but
cannot be superimposed.
OR
An atom with four distinct groups bound to it in such a way that it has a non- 1
superimposable mirror image is known as a chiral center.

SECTION E

31. i. the coordination number of Pt in Zeise's Salt is 4 1

ii. ([Cr(NH3)6]3+ is paramagnetic due to presence of unpaired electrons while
[Ni(CN)4]2– is diamagnetic absence of unpaired electrons as CN– is SFL. 1

iii. 1

28
 iv. tetrapyridineplatinum(II) tetrachloroplatinate(II).
v. The colour is due to the transition of e− from t2g to eg , d-orbital splitting takes
1
place. When the ligands are there heating removes the water molecules from the co-
ordination sphere. As a result there is no crystal field splitting hence no colour is
1
observed.
vi. Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
vii. Coordination complexes that contain more than one type of ligands are known
1
as heteroleptic complexes. e.g: [Co(en)2Cl(NO2)]+
1

32. 1
+
1
+
11
+
1

OR
(a)(i) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta-position. Due to resonance in
benzoic acid, there is high electron density at meta-position. therefore, electrophilic substitution in
benzoic acid takes place at meta-position.
(b) In carboxylic acid >C=O is in resonance and not available for reaction.

1
+
1
+
11
+
1

33. i. Fuel Cell 1

29
ii. Applying Faraday‘s 1st law 2

iii.

OR

i. The limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte can be represented as the sum

individual contributions of its cations& anions

ii. 1

1
iii. At Cathode: Deposition of silver will take place. +
At Anode: The Ag anode is attacked by NO3– ions. Therefore, the silver electrode 1
at the anode dissolves in the solution to form Ag+

30
 SP – 3 / 5

SAMPLE PAPER – (2024-25)

CLASS-XII
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
General Instructions:
1. All the questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper consists of 33 questions divided into 5 sections A, B, C, D and E.
3. Section A comprises 16 questions of 1 mark each. Section B comprises 5 questions of 2 marks each.
Section C comprises 7 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises 2 questions of 4 marks (CBQ).
Section E comprises 3 questions and 5 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice.
5. Use of a calculator is not permitted.

SECTION –A

1) In the presence of a catalyst, the heat evolved or absorbed during the reaction
a) Increases b) Decreases
c) Remains Unchanged d) May increase or decrease
2) The colour of the coordination compounds depends on the crystals field splitting. What will be
the correct order of absorption of wavelength of light in the visible region. For the complexes .
[CO(NH3)6]3+ ; [CO(CN)6]3- ; [CO(H2O)6]3+
a. [CO(NH3)6]3+ > [CO(CN)6]3- > [CO(H2O)6]3+
b. [CO(NH3)6]3+ > [CO(H2O)6]3+ > [CO(CN)6]3
c. [CO(H2O)6]3+> [CO(NH3)6]3+ > [CO(CN)6]3-
d. [CO(CN)6]3- > [CO(NH3)6]3+ > [CO(H2O)6]3+
3). Out of the following, the strongest base in aqueous solution is
a) Trimethylamine
b) Dimethylamine
c) Methylamine
d) Aniline
4 ) When acidified K2Cr2O7 solution is added to Sn2+ salts then Sn2+ changes to
a) Sn+ b) Sn
c) Sn4+ d) Sn3+

31
5) Consider Figure and mark the correct option.

a. Activation energy of forward reaction is E1 + E2 and product is less stable than reactant.
b. The activation energy of the forward reaction isE1 + E2 and the product is more stable than
reactant.
c. The activation energy of both forward and backward reaction is E1 + E2and the reactant is more
stable than the product.
d. The activation energy of the backward reaction is E1 and the product is more stable than
reactant
6)IUPAC name of m-cresol is
a. 3-methylphenol
b. 3-chlorophenol
c. 3-methoxyphenol
d. benzene-1, 3-diol
7) When 0.1 mol CoCl3 (NH3) 5 is treated with excess of AgNO3, 0.2 mol of AgCl are obtained.
The conductivity of solution will correspond to
a) 1:2 electrolyte b) 1:3 electrolyte
c)1: 1 electrolyte d) 3: 1 electrolyte
8) The most appropriate structure for knowing about the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA
chain is
a) tertiary structure
b) quaternary structure
c) secondary structure
d) primary structure
9) C6H5NH2 + CHCl3 + 3 KOH A + 3B + 3C the product A is
a) C6H5CN
b) C6H5NC
c) C6H5Cl
d) C6H5NHCH3
10) CH3=CH2CH3 + H–I CH3CH2CH2I + CH3 CHICH3 (major). This reaction is
32
a) Sandmeyer‘s reaction
b) Finkelstein reaction
c) Markovnikov's reaction
d) Free radical halogenations
11) Propan-1-ol can be prepared from propene by
a) Hg(OAc)2/H2O followed by NaBH4 b) B2H6 followed by H2O
c) H2O/HgSO4 d) CH3COOH/H2SO4
12)Monochlorination of toluene in sunlight followed by hydrolysis by aq. NaOH yields
a. benzyl alcohol
b. o-cresol
c. m-cresol
d. 2,4-dihydroxytoluene
13 ) Assertion: Hydrolysis of an ester follows second order kinetics.
Reason: Concentration of water remains nearly constant during the course of the reaction.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
14) Assertion : Transition metals show variable valency.
Reason : Transition metals have a large energy difference between the ns2 and (n – 1)d electrons.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
15) ) Assertion (A): All naturally occurring -amino acids except glycine are optically active.
Reason (R): Most naturally occurring amino acids have L-configuration
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).

33
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true
16) Assertion : Conductivity of all electrolytes decreases on dilution.
Reason : On dilution number of ions per unit volume decreases
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true
SECTION -B
17)What will happen when D-glucose is treated with the following reagents
i) HI
ii) Bromine water .
18) Give reasons:
i) Chloroform is stored in dark coloured bottles.
ii) The order of boiling points is RCl < RBr < RI.
19) 0.90g of a non – electrolyte was dissolved in 87.90g of benzene. This raised the boiling point
of benzene by. If the molecular mass of non – electrolyte is 103.0 g/mol, calculate the molal
elevation constant for benzene?
OR
Give reasons for the following:
i)Elevation of boiling point of 1 M KCl solution is nearly double than that of 1 M sugar solution
ii)Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water in comparison to warm water.
20) State Faraday's first law of electrolysis. How much charge, in terms of Faraday, is required for
the reduction of 1 mol Cu2+ to Cu?
21)
i)Cr2O7+ 14H+ + 6Fe2++ →
ii)2MnO4- + 2 H2O + 5 SO2 →
SECTION -C
3 X 7=21 marks
22)i)The molar conductivity of 0.1M CH3COOH solution is 4.6 cm²/mol. What is the conductivity
and resistivity of the solution?

34
ii)Solutions of two electrolytes A and B are diluted. The molar conductivity of B increases 1.5
times while that of A increases 25 times. Which of the two is a strong electrolyte? Justify your
answer.
23) i) Phenol is acidic in nature. Explain.
ii) o- nitrophenol has a lower boiling point (is more volatile) than p – nitrophenol. Give reason.
24)i) Solubility decreases with increasing molecular mass in carboxylic acid. Justify
ii) Convert :
a)Toulene to benzaldehyde
b)Acetaldehyde to acetaminde
25)i) Out of Cu2Cl2 and CuCl2, which is more stable? Justify.
ii) Transition metals generally form coloured ions. Give reason. Name 2 transition metal ions that
gives colourless compounds.
26 ) An organic compound ‗A‘ on heating with NH3 and cuprous oxide at high pressure gives
compound ‗B‘. The compound ‗B‘ on treatment with ice cold solution of NaNO2 and HCl gives
‗C‖ , which on heating with copper turning and HCl gives ‗A‘ again. Identify A, B & C.
compound
27) i)When RNA is hydrolysed, there is no relationship among the quantities of different bases
obtained. Deduce the structure of RNA using this information.
ii)Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane or benzene (simple six membered ring
compounds) are insoluble in water. Explain.
28) A zinc rod is dipped in 0.1 M solution of ZnSO4 . The salt is 90% dissociated at this
dilution at 298 K . Calculate the electrode potential. (E°Zn2+ /Zn) = -0.76 V)
OR
A solution of Ni(NO3)2 is electrolysed between platinum electrodes using a current of 5 amperes
for 20 minutes. What mass of Ni is deposited at the cathode.
SECTION- D
2 x 4= 8 marks
29) The rate of a chemical reaction is expressed either in terms of decrease in the concentration of
a reactant per unit time or increase in the concentration of a product per unit time. Rate of the
reaction depends upon the nature of reactants, concentration of reactants, temperature, presence of
catalyst, surface area of the reactants and presence of light. Rate of reaction is directly related to
the concentration of reactant. Rate law states that the rate of reaction depends upon the
concentration terms on which the rate of reaction actually depends, as observed experimentally.
The sum of powers of the concentration of the reactants in the rate law expression is called order

35
of reaction while the number of reacting species taking part in an elementary reaction which must
collide simultaneously in order to bring about a chemical reaction is called molecularity of the
reaction. (4)
i)Express the rate of the following reaction in terms of different reactants and products.4NH3(g) +
5O2(g) —-> 4NO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
ii)Rate of any reaction generally decreases during the course of the reaction. Explain
iii) For an elementary reaction A + 2B —> C
Find the order of the reaction.
OR
Rate of reaction becomes 4 times upon quadrupling the concentration of a reactant A. Determine
the order of reaction w.r.t A
30) Amines have a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom due to which they behave as Lewis
base. Larger the value of Kb or smaller the value of pKb stronger is the base. Amines are more
basic than alcohols, ethers, esters, etc. The basic character of aliphatic amines should increase
with the increase of alkyl substitution. But it does not occur in a regular manner as a secondary
aliphatic amine is unexpectedly more basic than a tertiary amine in solutions. Aromatic amines are
weaker bases than ammonia and aliphatic amines. Electron-donating groups such as —CH3, —
OCH3, —NH2, etc., increase the basicity while electron-withdrawing substituents such as —NO2,
—CN, halogens. etc. decrease the basicity of amines. The effect of these substituents is more at p-
than at m-positions.
i)(CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution. Give reason.
ii) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acidic strength:Methylamine,
dimethylamine, aniline, N-methylaniline
iii)Ethylamine is soluble in water, whereas aniline is not.
OR
It is easier to brominate aniline as compared to benzene.Elaborate.
Section- E
31) 100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol-1) was dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar mass
180 g mol-1). The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr. Calculate the vapour
pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if the total vapour pressure of the
solution is 475 Torr.
OR

36
i)Explain why on addition of 1 mol of NaCl to 1 litre of water, the boiling point of water
increases, while addition of 1 mol of methyl alcohol to one litre of water decreases its boiling
point.
ii)Based on solute-solvent interactions, arrange the following in order of increasing solubility in n-
octane and explain. Cyclohexane, KCl,CH3OH, CH3CN.
iii)The freezing point depression of 0.1 molal solution of benzoic acid in benzene is 0.256 K. For
benzene kF is 5.12 K kg/mol. Calculate the value of Van't Hoff factor for benzoic acid in benzene.
Draw conclusion about the molecular state of benzoic acid in benzene.
32) i)Explain the following :
a) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
b) Stephen reaction
c)Kolbes reaction.
ii) Predict the product :
a) 2CH3CHO + dil NaOH →
b) CH3CHO + CH3MgBr + H+ →
OR
i)A compound A with molecular formula on oxidation forms compound B with molecular
formula. The compound B gives an iodoform test but does not reduce ammoniacal silver nitrate.
The compound B on reduction with Zn – Hg/ HCl gives compound C with molecular formula.
Identify A,B.C & give the chemical reactions involved.
ii) Explain:
a)Reimen tiemann reaction
b)Wolf Kishner reduction
33.i) Discuss the nature of bonding in the following coordination entities on the
basis of valence bond theory:
(a) [Fe(CN)6]
(b) [Co(C2O4 )3 ]
ii)Define chelate effect? Give an example.
OR
A metal ion Mn+ having d 4 valence electronic configuration combines with three
bidentate ligands to form a complex compound. Assuming Δo> P:
i) Explain orbital splitting during this complex formation.
(ii) Write the electronic configuration of the valence electrons of the metal M n+ ion in
terms of t2g and eg .
(iii) Determine type of hybridisation will Mn+ ion have?
(iv) Name the type of isomerism exhibited by this complex.
37
 MARKING SCHEME – 3/5

CLASS – XII SUB - CHEMISTRY

QSTN VALUE POINTS MARKS PAGE NO.

NO. ALLOTT OF
ED NCERT/TEX
T BOOK
1 C 1

2 D 1

3 B 1

4 C 1

5 A 1

6 A 1

7 A 1

8 D 1

9 D 1

10 C 1

11 C 1

12 A 1

13 D 1

14 A 1

15 B 1

16 A 1

38
17. 1
i)

ii)

18. i) Chloroform gets oxidsed slowly by air in the presence of light to 1

an extremely poisonous gas phosgene. Therefore to avoid any
exposure to air and sunlight, it is kept in dark coloured bottles.

ii)The boiling points of alkyl halides depends on dipole and

vanderwaals interaction. These attractions get stronger as the 1
molecules get bigger in size and have more electrons. As the size
of halogens increases in the order –
Cl < Br < I
The boiling points also follow the order
RCl < RBr <RI

19. 2

OR
i)KCl get dissociate completely into K+ and Cl- ions and as the
no.of particles get doubled,the colligative properties get 1
doubled.Therefore KCl have doubled the boiling point of that of
sugar solution.
ii) Presence of more oxygen at lower temperature makes the
aquatic species more comfortable in cold water 1

39
20 2
Faraday‘s first law of electrolysis : The amount of any substance
deposited or liberated at the electrode is directly proportional to the
quantity of electricity passing through the electrolyte. Cu2+ + 2e–
→ Cu :. Quantity of charge required for reduction of 1 mol of
Cu2+ = 2F

21 2
+ 2+ 3+ 3+
Cr2O7+ 14H + 6Fe —→ 2Cr + 7H2O + 6Fe
2MnO4- + 2 H2O + 5 SO2→ 2Mn2+ + 4H+ + 5 SO42-

SECTION -C
22 1.5
i i)

ii)Electrolyte 'B' will be a strong electrolyte than A because it is

completely ionised and on dilution, the molar conductance will
increase to a small extent due to an increase in the speed of ions as 1.5
an interionic attraction decreases.

23 i) 1.Phenol, due to resonance, the positive charge rests on oxygen 2

making the shared pair of electrons more towards oxygen and
hydrogen as H+.
2. The carbon attached to OH is sp² hybridized and is more
electronegative, this decreases the electron density on oxygen,
increasing the polarity of O-H bond and ionization of phenol

ii) P- nitrophenol has intermolecular hydrogen bonding which

increases the boiling point while in o- nitro phenol due to presence
of intra molecular hydrogen bonding, there is a decrease in boiling 1
point and increase in volatility.

40
 i) Increasing molecular mass , increases the hydrophobic alkyl 1
24. chain which decreases the solubility.
ii)

a)

b)

25 i)CuCl2 is more stable than Cu2Cl2. The stability of compound 2

CuCl22f Cu+(aq).
ii)Transition metals form coloured ions due to d-d transition.
Metal ions - Sc³+ and Cu+ 1

26. : A – Chlorobenzene B – Benzenamine or Aniline C – Benzene 3

diazonium chloride

41
27 - (i)On hydrolysis of DNA, the quantity of adenine produced is
equal to that of thymine and similarly, the quantity of cytosine is 1
equal to that of guanine.
ii)Glucose and sucrose undergo extensive H-bonding with water
due to presence of OH groups. Cyclohexane and benzene do not 1
contain -OH groups. Hence, they cannot undergo H-bonding with
water and as a result, are insoluble in water.

But when RNA is hydrolyzed, there is no relationship among the

quantities of the different bases obtained. Hence, RNA is single- 1
stranded.
28. Applying Nernst equation
E =E0+ (0.0591/n) log[Zn2+]
Concentration of Zn = 90% of 0.1M = 0.09 M
Putting the values
E = -0.76 V+ (0.0591/2) log(0.09)=-0.79 V
OR

42
 3

SECTION -D

29 i)Rate of reaction : 1
(¼) -d[NH3]/dt = (⅕)-d[O2]/dt =(¼)d[NO2]/dt = (⅙)d[H2O]/dt
1
ii)The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of reactants.
As the reaction progresses,the concentration of reactants decreases 2
hence the rate of reaction decreases.

iii) Order = 3

Or
Order = 1
30 i) The basicity of amine in aqueous solution depends upon the 1
stability of the substituted ammonium cation. Here the combination
of three factors, +I effect of CH3 groups, hydrogen bonding and
steric hindrance favour greater stability for ammonium cation of
dimethyl amine than ammonium cation of trimethyl amine. Hence
dimethylamine is stronger base than trimethyl amine.
1

ii)dimethylamine < methylamine < N-methylaniline < aniline.

2

iii) Ethylamine dissolves in water because it forms H-bonds with

water molecules ,In aniline, due to the large hydrocarbon part the
extent of H-bonding decreases considerably
or
In aniline, due to +R effect of group the benzene ring gets
activated to a large extent and it becomes easier to brominates
aniline as compared to benzene

43
 SECTION –E

31 Number of moles of liquid A, = nA = (100/140)mol = 0.714 mop 5

Number of moles of liquid B = (1000 g/180g/mol) = 5.556 mol.
And, mole fraction of A = (0.714)/(0.714 + 5.556)
= 0.114
Mol fraction of B = (1 - 0.114) = 0.886
Vapor pressure of liquid B in the solution,
PB = PB° XB
= 443 torr.
Vapour pressure of liquid A in the solution,
= Total pressure - Pressure of B
= 475 - 443
= 32 torr
Now, PA = PA° XA
Or, P°A = 280.7 torr .

Or
2

i)NaCl is a non-volatile solute, therefore, the addition of NaCl to

1`
water lowers the vapour pressure of water. As a result boiling point
of water increases. On the other hand, methyl alcohol is more 2
volatile than water, therefore its addition increases the total vapour
pressure over the solution. As a result, the boiling point of water
decreases.
ii)Cyclohexane < CH3CN < CH3OH < KCl

iii)∆Tf=i x Kf x m

i = (0.256/0.512) = 0.5
As the value of van't hoff factor is less than 1, the benzoic acid
undergoes association in solution.
Benzoic acid exists as dimer in benzene.

44
32 i) 1
a)Carboxylic acids having an α-hydrogen are halogenated at the α-
position on treatment with chlorine or bromine in the presence of
small amount of red phosphorus to give α-halocarboxylic acids.
The reaction is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction.

b) Nitriles are reduced to corresponding imine with stannous

chloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid, which on hydrolysis 1
give corresponding aldehyde.

c) phenol upon treating with NaOH

undergoes electrophilic substitution with carbon dioxide, a weak 1
electrophile. Ortho hydroxybenzoic acid is formed as the main
reaction product .
ii)
a)

b) 1

45
Or,
i)
33 i) 2
a)Overall charge balance:
X + 6(-1) = -4
X = + 2.
Its electronic configuration is: 3d 6
CN - is strong field ligand so it causes pairing of the unpaired
electron and undergoes hybridisation to form 6 d2sp3 hybrid
orbitals to be filled by the six cyanide ions.Its geometry is
octahedral

b) Overall charge balance:

X + 3(-2) = -3
X = + 3.
Its electronic configuration is: 3d5 2
C2O4- is weak-field ligand so it does not cause pairing of the
unpaired electron and undergoes hybridisation to form 6 sp3d2
hybrid orbitals to be filled by the three oxalate ions(it is bidentate
ligand). It's geometry is octahedral.

ii)When a ligand bonds with the central metal ion in such a way
that it forms a ring, then it is found that the metal - ligand bond is
more stable. In other ways, compounds which form chelate rings
are more stable than complexes without chelate rings.
OR
As,Δ0> P, Pairing will occur at t2g 1
46

ii)t2g4 eg0
 SP – 4 / 5

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER-( 2024-25)

CLASS-XII
SUB: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)
Time: 3 HRS Maximum Marks: 70
General instruction
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Section-A consists of 16 Multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section-B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
4. Section-C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
5. Section-D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
6. Section-E consists of 3 long answer questions carry 5 mark each.
7. Use of log tables & calculators is not allowed.
SECTION-A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each question
carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
1. The compound that reacts fastest with Lucas reagent at room temperature is-
(a) butan-1-ol (b) butan-2-ol
(c) 2 methylpropan-1-ol (d) 2-methylpropan-2-ol
2. An organic compound X with molecular formula C4H8 on reaction with HBr gives Y as major
product, which on reaction with sodium ethoxide again forms X. Identify X and Y:
a) X= But-1-ene, Y= 2-Bromobutane
b) X= But-2-ene, Y= 1-Bromobutane
c) X= 2-Methylpropene, Y = 2-Bromo-2-Methyl propane
d) X= 2-Methylpropene, Y= 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane
3. HCl is not used to make the medium acidic in oxidation reactions ofKMnO4 in an acidic
medium. Because

(a) Both HCl and KMnO4 act as oxidising agents.

(b) KMnO4 oxidisesHCl into Cl2 which is also an oxidising agent.
(c) KMnO4 is a weaker oxidising agent than HCl.
(d) KMnO4 acts as a reducing agent in the presence of HCl.
4. If the initial concentration of substance A is 1.5 M and after 120 seconds the concentration of
substance A is 0.75 M, the rate constant for the reaction if it follows zero - order kinetics is:

47
 (a) 0.00625 molL-1s -1 (b) 0.00625S-1
(c) 0.00578 molL-1s -1 (d) 0.00578 s-1
5. Which one of the following can be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis ?
a) Aniline b) O- Toluidine
c) Benzylamine d) N- Methyl ethanamine
6. Which of the following will give a white precipitate upon reacting with AgNO3?
(a) K2 [Pt(en)2 Cl2] (b) Co(NH3)3Cl3]
(c) [Cr(H2O)6] Cl3 (d) [Fe(H2O)3Cl3]
7. Mark the correct order of decreasing acid strength of the following

a) (V) > (IV) > (II)> (I) > (III) b) II)> (IV) > ( (I) > (III) > (V)

c) (IV) >(V) > (III) > (II)>(I) d) (V) > (IV) > (III)> (II) > (I)

8. The best reagent for converting 2-Phenyl propanamide into 2-phenyl propanamine is
(a) Br2/NaOH (b) excess of H2
(c) I2/P4 (d) LiAlH4in ether
9. What is IUPAC name of the ketone A, which undergoes iodoform reaction to give
CH3 CH= C(CH3)COONa and yellow precipitate of CHI3 ?
(a) 3-Methylpent-3-en-2one (b) 3-Methylbut-2-en- one
(c) 2, 3-Dimethylethanone (d) 3-Methylpent-4-one
10. The decomposition of dimethyl ether is a fractional order reaction.The rate is given by rate
= k(PCH3OCH3)3/2. If the pressure is measured in bar and time in minutes, then what are the
units of rate and rate constant?
(a) bar min-1, bar2 min-1 (b) bar min-1, bar-1/2 min-1
(c) bar1/2 min-1, bar2 min-1 (d) bar min-1, bar1/2 min-1
11. If Δo < P, then the correct electronic configuration for d4 system will be
(a) t2g4 eg0 (b) t2g3 eg1
(c) t2g0 eg4 (d) t2g2 eg2

48
12.

13. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) & Reason(R)
Assertion(A):O-nitro-phenol is less volatile than p-nitro-phenol.
Reason(R):there is intra-molecular hydrogen bonding in o- nitro-phenol and intermolecular
hydrogen bonding in p-nitro-phenol.
Select the most appropriate answer from option given below
(a) Both A and R are true and R is a correct explanation of the A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the A.
(c) A is true but R is false .
(d) A is false and R is true.
14.Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) & Reason(R)
Assertion(A):β-glycosidic linkage is present in maltose.
Reason(R):Maltose is composed of two glucose units in which C–1 of one glucose unit is linked
to C–4 of another glucose unit.
Select the most appropriate answer from option given below
(a) Both A and R are true and R is a correct explanation of the A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the A.
(c) A is true but R is false .
(d) A is false and R is true.
49
15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) & Reason(R)
Assertion: Cuprous ion (Cu+) is colourless whereas cupric ion (Cu++) is blue in the aqueous
solution.
Reason: Cuprous ion (Cu+ ) has unpaired electrons while cupric ion (Cu++) does not.
Select the most appropriate answer from option given below
(a) Both A and R are true and R is a correct explanation of the A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the A.
(c) A is true but R is false .
(d) A is false and R is true.
16.Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) & Reason(R)
Assertion (A): Aniline does not undergo Fridel-Crafts reaction.
Reason (R):–NH2 group of aniline reacts with AlCl3(Lewis acid) to give acid-base reaction.
Select the most appropriate answer from option given below
(a) Both A and R are true and R is a correct explanation of the A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the A.
(c) A is true but R is false .
(d) A is false and R is true.
SECTION- B
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in two questions. The following questions
are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17. a) DNA fingerprinting is used to determine paternity of an individual. Which property of
DNA helps in the procedure?
(b) What structural change will occur when a native protein is subjected to change in pH?
18.(a) Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points.
(i) Bromomethane (ii) Bromoform (iii) Chloromethane (iv) Dibromomethane.
(b) Write the product formed when n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH ?
OR
A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro
compound C5H9Cl in bright sunlight.Identify the hydrocarbon&Write chemical equation involved
19.i) Arrange the following complexes in the increasing order of conductivity of their solution:
[Co(NH3)3Cl3], [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Cr(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
ii) Write the IUPAC name of [Co(H2O)4 (NH3)2 SO4]Br.

50
20. i)For which type of reactions, order and molecularity have the same value?
ii)For a certain reaction, large fraction of molecules has energy more than the threshold
energy, yet the rate of reaction is very slow. Why?
21.Write the structures of products of the following reactions;

(i)

(ii)

SECTION-C
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in two questions. The following questions
are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
22.i) Write the cell reaction of a lead storage battery when it is discharged. How does the
density of the electrolyte change when the battery is discharged?
ii) Solutions of two electrolytes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are diluted. The Λm of ‘B’ increases 1.5
times while that of A increases 25 times. Which of the two is a strong electrolyte? Justify
your answer.
23.The rate constants of a reaction at 200K and 500K are 0.02s–1 and 0.20s–1 respectively.
Calculate the value of Ea (Given 2.303R = 19.15 JK-1mol-1)
24. Write equations of the following reactions:
(i) Friedel-Crafts reaction – alkylation of anisole.
(ii) Bromine in CS2 with phenol.
(iii)Heating ethanol with Conc.H2SO4 at 443K.
25.Write the shape,Hybridisation and magnetic nature of following complex ions on basis of
Valence Bond theory.
i)[ Ni (CN)4] 2- ii) [ Ni Cl4] 2-
26. a) State Henry‟s law and mention one important application?
(b) Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised?
27.(a) Haloalkanes undergo substitution reactions while haloarenes undergo electrophilic
substitution reactions, Explain.
(b) How do polar solvents help in the first step in SN 1 mechanism?
28.(a)How can you convert an amide into an amine having one carbon less than

51
the starting compound? Name the reaction.
(b) Arrange the following in decreasing order of basic strength in gas phase
C2H5NH2,(C2H5)2NH,(C2H5)3N&NH3

OR
a) A compound ‘Z’ with molecular formula C3H9N reacts with C6H5SO2Cl to give a solid,
insoluble in alkali, identify Z & Write the chemical equation involved in it.
b) What is the role of pyridine in the acylation reaction of amines.
SECTION-D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and
carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
29. Boiling point or freezing point of liquid solution would be affected by the dissolved solids in
the liquid phase. A soluble solid in solution has the effect of raising its boiling point and
depressing its freezing point. The addition of non-volatile substances to a solvent decreases the
vapour pressure and the added solute particles affect the formation of pure solvent crystals.
According to many researches the decrease in freezing point directly correlated to the
concentration of solutes dissolved in the solvent. This phenomenon is expressed as freezing point
depression and it is useful for several applications such as freeze concentration of liquid food and
to find the molar mass of an unknown solute in the solution. Freeze concentration is a high quality
liquid food concentration method where water is removed by forming ice crystals. This is done by
cooling the liquid food below the freezing point of the solution. The freezing point depression is
referred as a colligative property and it is proportional to the molar concentration of the solution
(m), along with vapour pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure. These are
physical characteristics of solutions that depend only on the identity of the solvent and the
concentration of the solute. The characters are not depending on the solute‘s identity.
i)To lower the melting point of 75 g of acetic acid by 1.50C, How much mass of ascorbic acid is
needed to be dissolved in the solution where Kt = 3.9 K kg mol-1?
ii) Will Two different solutions of sucrose of same molality-prepared in different solvents have
the same depression in freezing point ? Justify your answer.
Or
ii)Assume three samples of juices A, B and C have glucose as the only sugar present in them. The
concentration of sample A, B and C are 0.1M, 0.5M and 0.2 M respectively. Among these
samples of juices which will have highest Freezing point & Why ?

52
iii) Define Ebullioscopic constant .
30.The basic chemical formula of DNA is now well established. As shown in figure, it consistsof
a very long chain, the backbone of which is made up of alternate sugar and phosphate groups,
joined together in regular 3‘5‘phosphate di-ester linkages. To each sugar is attached anitrogenous
base, only four different kinds of which are commonly found in DNA.

Two of these–adenine and guanine are purines, and the other two thymine and cytosine are
pyrimidines. A fifth base, 5-methyl cytosine, occurs in smaller amounts in certain organisms, and
a sixth, 5-hydroxy-methyl-cytosine, is found instead of cytosine in the T even phages. It should be
noted that the chain is unbranched, a consequence of the regular inter nucleotide linkage. On the
other hand the sequence of the different nucleotides is, as far as can be ascertained, completely
irregular. Thus, DNA has some features which are regular, and some which are irregular. A
similar conception of the DNA molecule as a long thin fibre is obtained from physicochemical
analysis involving sedimentation, diffusion, light scattering, and viscosity measurements. The
techniques indicated that DNA is a very asymmetrical structure approximately 20. A wide and
many thousands of angstorms long. Estimates of its molecular weight currently center
between5x106 and 107 (approximately 3x104 nucleotides). Surprisingly each of these
measurements tend to suggest that the DNA is relatively rigid, a puzzling finding in view of the
large number of single bonds (5 per nucleotide) in the phosphate-sugar back bone. Recently these
indirect inferences have been confirmed by electron microscopy.
(i) As given, DNA has some regular and some irregular features. Which features of DNA are
regular and which are irregular? Which analysis provide the same concept of DNA?
ii) A nitrogenous based is attached to each sugar and only four of its kinds are commonly
found in DNA. Name the purines present in DNA.
OR
Which of the four kinds of nitrogenous bases commonly found in DNA has been replaced
53
in some organisms?
(iii) As shown in figure, DNA has a long chain. What is the backbone of DNA made up of and
how is it joined?
SECTION-E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. Two questions have
internal choice.
31.a. Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction
Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) , takes place. Further write
(i) Which of the electrode is negatively charged?
(ii)the carriers of the current in the cell.
b. Theresistanceofaconductivitycellwhenfilledwith0.05Msolutionofan electrolyte
Xis100 ohms at 40°C. The same conductivity cell filled with 0.01 M solution of
electrolyte Y hasresistanceof 50ohms.Theconductivityof0.05M solution

ofelectrolyteXis 1.0×10−4Scm−1Calculate.
i. Cellconstant
ii. Conductivity of 0.01 MYsolution
iii. Molar conductivity of 0.01 MYsolution.
OR
a. What is electrochemicalequivalent?

b. i) Write any one difference between electrolytic cell & Galvanic cell.

ii) The cell in which the following reactions occurs:

2Fe3+ (aq) + 2I-(aq)2Fe2+ (aq) + I2(s)has = 0.236 V at 298 K. Calculate the standard Gibbs
energy and the equilibrium constant of the cell reaction.
32.Account for the following(ANY FIVE) :
a) Zn, Cd and Hg are normally not regarded as transition elements.
b) Sc forms no coloured ions yet it is regarded as transition elements,
c) Transition elements show variable oxidation states.
2+ 2+
d) Eu , Yb are good reductants whereas Tb4+ is an oxidant.
e) AgCl dissolves in ammonia solution .
f) First ionization enthalpy of Cr is lower than that of Zn.
g) Thecolour of KMnO4 disappear when oxalic acid is added to its solution in acidic
medium.
h) Actinoids form relatively more stable complexes as compared to lanthanoids.
54
33.i)An organic compound ‗A‘ (C3H6O) is resistant to oxidation but forms compound ‗B‘
(C3H8O) on reduction . ‗B‘ reacts with HBr to form the compound ‗C‘.‗C‘ with Mgforms
Grignard‘s reagent ‗D‘ which reacts with ‗A‘ to form a product which on hydrolysis gives
‗E‘. Identify ‗A‘ to ‗E‘ .
ii)Give reason
a) carboxylic acids more acidic than alcohols or phenols although all of them have hydrogen
atom attached to an oxygen atom (-O-H).
b)Carboxylic acids contain carbonyl group but do not show the nucleophilic addition
reaction like aldehydes or ketones.
OR
i) An organic compound ‗X‘ has molecular formula C5H10O .It does not reduce Fehling
solution but forms a bisulphite compound . It also gives positive Iodoform test. Write
the possible structure of ‗X‘ & write equation involved in Iodoform test of any one
structure of ‗X‘.
ii) Give a chemic test to distinguish between Phenol & Benzoic acid.
iii)Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel Crafts reaction. Give reason.

55
 MARKING SCHEME– 4/5
CLSSS – XII SUB - CHEMISTRY

QUESTION Marks
NO. Value Points Allotted Total Marks Allotted
1. (d) 2-methylpropan-2-ol 1 1

2. c) X= 2-Methylpropene, Y = 2-Bromo-2- 1 1
Methyl propane

3. (b) KMnO4 oxidises HCl into Cl2 which is 1 1

also an oxidising agent.

4. 1 1
(a) 0.00625 molL-1s -1
5. c) Benzylamine 1 1

6. (c) [Cr(H2O)6] Cl3 1 1

7. b) II)> (IV) > ( (I) > (III) > (V) 1 1

8. (d) LiAlH4 in ether 1 1

9. (a) 3-Methylpent-3-en-2one 1 1

10. (b) bar min-1, bar-1/2 min-1 1 1

11. (b) t2g3 eg1 1 1

12. 1 1

13. (d) A is false and R is true. 1 1

14. (d) A is false and R is true. 1 1

15. (d) A is false and R is true. 1 1

56
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is a correct 1 1
explanation of the A.

17. I)distinctive
sequence of DNA 1 2
II) Denaturation of proteins

18. a)Chloromethane < Bromomethane ½+½ 2

Dibromomethane < Bromoform
1
b) butene
or
A= CYCLOPENTANE

19. i) [Co(NH3)3Cl3] <[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl, 1 2

[Cr(NH3)5Cl]Cl2<[Co(NH3)6]Cl3
ii) Tetraaquadiaminosulphatocobalt(III) chloride

1
20. i) Elementary reaction 1 2
ii) According to collision theory apart from the
energy considerations, the colliding
molecules should also have proper 1
orientation for effective collision.
21. 1 2

57
22. i)Overall 1+1+1
reaction: Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)→2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

Density of electrolyte decreases as water

is formed and sulphuric acid is consumed as the
product during discharge of the battery.
ii)B is strong electrolyte as it is already ionised , Λm
increases less.
23. 1+1+1

24. i) 1 2

ii)

iii)

58
 1

25. [ Ni (CN)4] 2- - dsp2 ,square plannar, diamagnetic 1/2x6 3

[ Ni Cl4] 2 - sp3,tetrahedral, paramagnetic

26. i)the solubility of a gas in liquid is directly

proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.
1+1
Applications:- 1 In deep sea diving. 2 In aerated
water e.g. soft drinks.
ii) on increasing temperature , gas is escaped 1
out from solution.

1
27. 1+1 3
a) haloalkanes are more polar than
haloarenes. The reason being that in
haloalkanes, the carbon atom attached to
the halogen atom is sp3 hybridized whereas
in haloarenes, it is sp2 hybridized.
b) polar solvents help in ionisation 1
step by stabilizing the ions by
solvation
28. By Hoffmann-bromamide reaction, i.e, by heating an 1 3
amide with Br2 and KOH.
RCONH2+Br2→RNH2+K2CO3+2KBr+2H2O 1
Amide Amine
Hoffmann Bromamide reaction 1
ii) (C2H5)3N>(C2H5)2NH>C2H5NH2>NH3
OR
Z is Ethylmethyl amine

ii) Pyridine is used to remove the side product formed

in the acylation reaction i.e. HCl from the reaction
mixture. It acts as an acceptor for the acid by product
formed in the reaction.

29. I) 1 4
59
 1

ii)Two different solutions of sucrose of same molality

½+1/2
prepared in different solvents will have the same depression

in freezing point is the false statement. Explanation:

Depression in freezing point depends on concentration or

½+1/2
molarity of solution and also on solvent taken.
1
OR

ii) A, lower the concentration, higher the freezing point

iii) It is defined as the elevation in boiling point when 1

one mole of non-volatile solute is added to one

kilogram of solvent.
1

30. 1+1 4
i)A similar conception of the DNA molecule as a
long thin fiber is obtained from physicochemical
analysis involving sedimentation, diffusion, light
scattering, and viscosity measurements 1
II) Adenine & Guanine
Or
Cytosine 1
iii) phosphate sugar

31. a) The galvanic cell in which the given reaction takes 1 5

place is depicted as:

(i) Zn electrode (anode) is negatively charged. ½

(ii) Ions are carriers of current in the cell and in the ½
60
 external circuit, current
b. Resistance of a conductivity cell with electrolyte X = 100
ohms ,Concentration of an electrolyte X = 0.05 M solution,
Resistance of a conductivity cell with electrolyte Y = 50
ohms, Concentration of an electrolyte Y = 0.01 M solution,
Conductivity of 0.05 M solution of electrolyte X = 1.0x 10-4S
cm-1
Since, Cell constant remain same for both systems X and Y
electrolyte as same conductivity cell is used therefore
Cell constant= Conductivity x Resistance
= (100 ohm-1) x (1.0x 10-4 ohm-1 cm-1)= 10-2 cm-1
Part-2
Conductivity of 0.01 M solution of Y = ?
Resistance of a conductivity cell with electrolyte Y = 50
ohms 1
Cell constant = = 10-2 cm-1
Therefore,
Conductivity
= 10-2 cm-1 /50 ohm
= 0.0002 Scm-1
Part-3
Molar conductivity of 0.01 M solution Y 1
Molar conductivity
= K/c
= 0.0002 Scm-1 / 0.01 M
= 0.02 M-1Scm-1
OR 1
a) The electrochemical equivalent is the mass of that
element transported by 1 coulomb of electricity.
Z=m/It
b) i) any one correct difference 1
ii) Here, n = 2, T = 298 K
We know that:
= −2 × 96487 × 0.236 = −45541.864 J 1
mol−1 = −45.54 kJ mol−1
Again, −2.303RT log Kc

½ +1

= 7.981 ½ +1
7
∴Kc = Antilog (7.981) = 9.57 × 10

32. (i)The electronic configurations of Zn, Cd and Hg are 1x5=5 5

represented by the general formula (n-1)d10 ns2. The orbitals
in these elements are completely filled in the ground state as
well as in their common oxidation states. Therefore, they are
not regarded as transition elements.
(ii)Scandium in the ground state has one electron in the 3d-
subshell. Hence, it is regarded as a transition elements.
However, in its common oxidation state +3 it has no electron
61
 in 3d subshell (3d0) Hence, it does not form
coloured red ions.
(iii)The energy difference between(n-1)d and ns orbitals is
very less, so both the energy levels can be used for bond
formation. Thus, transition elements have variable oxidation
states
iv) Tb in +4 state has 4f7 half filled stable configuration but it
readily gets reduced to common +3 state and hence acts as
oxidant
(v) AgCl dissolve in ammonia solution due to formation of
complex, [Ag(NH3)2]Cl .The reaction occur as follows:
AgCl (s) + 2 NH3 (aq) ---> Ag(NH3)2+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
vi)Cr has stable d5 configuration
vii)KMnO4 acts as oxidising agent. It oxidises
oxalic acid to CO2 and itself changes to Mn2+ ion
which is colourless.
viii) Actinoids can utilize their 5f orbitals along
with 6d orbitals in bonding but lanthanoids do
not use their 4f orbital for bonding.
33. 5
i)

1/2x4

(A) : Propanone 1

(B) : Propan-2-ol

(C) : 2-Bromopropane 1

(D) : sec-Propyl magnesium bromide

(E) : 2,3-Dimethylbutan-2-ol

62
 1

ii)

a) The conjugate base of carboxylic acid, a

carboxylate ion, is stabilised by two equivalent
resonance structures in which the negative 1+1
charge is at the more electronegative oxygen
1
atom . The conjugate base of phenoxide ion, has
non-equivalent resonance.

b) The partial positive charge on the carbonyl 1

carbon atom is reduced due to resonance .

OR 1

i)

Reaction of iodoform with any one of above structure.

i) Ferric chloride test:

Phenol reacts with neutral FeCl3 to form an

iron-phenol complex giving violet
colouration. But benzoic acid do not vive
violet complex with neutral FeCl3. (or any
other suitable test)
ii) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo
Friedel-Crafts reaction as the carboxyl
(−COOH) group is deactivating and Lewis
acid catalyst AlCl3 gets bonded to the
carboxyl group. The carboxyl (−COOH)
group withdraws electron density from
benzene ring through inductive and
resonance effects

63
 -SP 5/5
–5 /5

SAMPLE PAPER, 2024-25

 Please check that this question paper contains 8 printed pages.

 Check that this question paper contains 33
33 questions.
 Write down the Serial Number of the question in the left side of the margin before
attempting it.
 The students will read the question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer
script during this period.
 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will be
distributed 15 minutes prior to the commencement of the examination. The students will read
the question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer script during this period.

CLASS – XII
SUBJECT:CHEMISTRY

Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
(g) All questions are compulsory.
(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
1.Which of the following statements about solutions of electrolytes is not correct?
(a) Conductivity of solution depends upon the size of ions.
(b) Conductivity depends upon the viscosity of the solution.
(c) Conductivity does not depend upon the solvation of ions present in the solution.
(d) Conductivity of solution increases with temperature.

64
2.Predict the product of the following reaction :

3.Which among the following is stored in the liver of animals?

(a) Amylose(b) Cellulose(c) Amylopectin(d) Glycogen
4.Which of the following acids does not form anhydride?
(a) Formic acid (b) Acetic acid(c) Propionic acid (d) n-Butyric acid
5.The addition of HBr is easiest with:
(a) CH2 = CHCl(b) ClCH = CHCl(c) CH3-CH = CH2(d) (CH3)2C = CH2
6. Which of the following is amphoteric oxide?
Mn2O7, CrO3, Cr2O3, CrO, V2O5, V2O4
(a) V2O5, Cr2O3(b) Mn2O7, CrO3(c) CrO, V2O5(d) V2O5, V2O4
7.Consider the figure given below and mark the correct option following it.

(a) The activation energy of the forward reaction is E1 + E2 and the product is less stable than the
reactant.
(b) The activation energy of the forward reaction is E1 + E2 and the product is more stable than the
reactant.
(c) Activation energy of both forward and backward reactions is E1 + E2 and the reactant is more
stable than the product.
(d) The activation energy of the backward reaction is E1 and the product is more stable than the
reactant
8.Which of the following compounds will not undergo an azo coupling reaction with benzene
diazonium chloride?
(a) Aniline (b) Phenol
(c) Anisole (d) Nitrobenzene

65
9.Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of boiling point:
Propan-1-ol, Butan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, Pentan-1-ol.
(a)Propan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, Butan-1-ol, Pentan-1-ol
(b)Propan-1-ol, Butan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, Pentan-1-ol
(c)Pentan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, Butan-1-ol, Propan-1-ol
(d)Pentan-1-ol, Butan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, Propan-1-ol
10.The value of the rate constant of a pseudo-first-order reaction ____________.
(a) depends on the concentration of reactants present in small amounts.
(b) depends on the concentration of reactants present in excess.
(c) is independent of the concentration of reactants.
(d) depends only on temperature.
11.Mark the correct order of decreasing acid strength for the following compounds.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

(a)(v)>(iv)>(ii)>(i)>(iii)

(b)(ii)>(iv)>(i)>(iii)>(v)

(c)(iv)>(v)>(iii)>(ii)>(i)

(d)(v)>(iv)>(iii)>(ii)>(i)

12.Why is HCl not used to make the medium acidic in oxidation reactions of KMnO4 in an acidic
medium?
(a) Both HCl and KMnO4 act as oxidising agents.
(b) KMnO4 oxidises HCl into Cl2 which is also an oxidising agent.
(c) KMnO4 is a weaker oxidising agent than HCl.
(d) KMnO4 acts as a reducing agent in the presence of HCl.
13.Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion(A): The bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle.
Reason(R): In alcohols, the oxygen of the –OH group is attached to the sp3 hybridized carbon
atom.

66
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
14. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion(A):Compounds containing the –CHO group are easily oxidised to corresponding
carboxylic acids.
Reason(R):Carboxylic acids can be reduced to alcohol by treatment with LiAlH4.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion(A):Vitamin D cannot be stored in our body.
Reason(R):Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion: On increasing dilution, the molar conductivity for weak electrolytesincreases.
Reason: On increasing dilution, the degree of ionisation of weak electrolytes increases and the
mobility of ions also increases.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

SECTION-B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are very short answer types and carry 2 marks each.
67
 17. Analyse the given graph, drawn between the concentration of reactant vs. time and answer
the questions that follow:

(a) Predict the order forthe above reaction.

(b) Can the concentration of the reactant reduce to zero after infinite time?
18.A solution containing 30 g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90 g of water has a vapour pressure
of 2.8 kPa at 298 K. Further 18 g of water is added to this solution. The new vapour pressure
becomes 2.9 kPa at 298 K. Calculate:
(a) the molecular mass of solute and
(b) vapour pressure of water at 298 K.
19.Give reasons for the following:
(a) The dipole moment of Chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride.
(b) Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water.
20. How will you bring about the following conversions?
(a) Ethanal to 3-Hydroxybutanal (b) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone.
OR
Suggest chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(a) Ethanal and Propanal (b) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate.
21.Name the four bases present in DNA. Which one of these is not present in RNA?

SECTIONC
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer types and carry 3 marks each.
22.Write the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes:
(a) [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4

68
(b) [Co(en)3]3+
(c) [Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6]
23.A voltaic cell is set up at 25°C with the following half-cells:
Al/Al3+ (0.001 M) and Ni/Ni2+ (0.50 M)
Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when the cell generates an electric current and
determine the cell potential.
Given: =−0.25V and =−1.66V, log 8 × 10-6 =− 0.54
24.Write theIUPAC names of the following
compounds: (any three)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

25.An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric
acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid
produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-l-ene. Identify Compounds A, B and C and write
equations for the reactions involved.

69
26.Complete the following reactions:
(a) C6H12O6 +HI
(b) C6H12O6 + Bromine water
(c) C6H12O6 +HNO3
27.Predict the major product for each of the following compounds when they are heated with
alcoholic KOH.
(a) 1-Bromo-l-methylcyclohexane.
(b) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane.
(c) 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane.
28.(a)For a decomposition reaction, the values of k at two different temperatures are given below:
k1 = 2.15 × 10-8 L mol-1 s-1 at 650 K
k2 = 2.39 × 10-7 L mol-1 s-1 at 700 K
Calculate the value of activation energy for this reaction. (log 11.11 = 1.046) (R = 8.314 J K-
1
mol-1)
(b)In some cases it is found that a large number of colliding molecules have energy more than
threshold energy but yet the reaction is slow. Why?

SECTIOND
The following questions are case-based. Each question has an internal choice and carries 4
(1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
29.According to Valence bond theory the metal atom or ion under the influence of ligands can use
its (n-1)d, ns, np or ns, np, nd orbitals for hybridisation to yield a set of equivalent orbitals of
definite geometry such as octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar and so on.These hybridised
orbitals are allowed to overlap with ligand orbitals that can donate electron pairs for
bonding.Strong ligands have a tendency to pair up the d-electrons of a metal cation or atom to
provide the necessary orbitals for hybridization. On the other hand, weak ligands do not have a
tendency to pair up the d-electrons.The d orbital used in hybridization may be either inner (n-1)
d-orbitals or outer n d-orbitals. The complex formed by inner (n-1) d-orbitals, is called the
inner orbital complex whereas the complex formed by outer d-orbital is called the outer orbital
complex.If unpaired electrons are present within the complex, then the complex is paramagnetic
in nature while if all the electrons are paired then the complex is diamagnetic in nature.
The following table shows the hybridization and geometry possible for coordination compounds
based on their coordination Number.

70
(a) Predict the hybridization and geometry of [Fe(H2O)6]3+
(b) Find out the number of unpaired electrons in [Pt(CN)4 ]2– ion
(c) Explain based on valence bond theory that [Ni(CN)4 ]2– ion with square planar structure is
diamagnetic and the [NiCl4 ]2– ion with tetrahedral geometry is paramagnetic.
OR
(c)[Co(NH3 )6]3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3 )6]2+ is an outer orbital
complex.Explain.
30. The conductivity or specific conductivity of an electrolytic solution varies with the
concentration of the solutionsof different electrolytes. For comparing the conductances of the
solutions of different electrolytes, it is essentialthat the solutions should have equal volumes and
they must contain a definite amount of the electrolytes which giveions carrying the same total
charge. The conducting power of an electrolytic solution can be expressed in terms ofequivalent
conductance and molar conductance. The equivalent conductance of a solution does not vary
linearlywith concentration and it is related to specific conductance. The effect of equivalent
conductance can be studiedby plotting values against the square root of the concentration. The
following two figures show the behaviour of strongand weak electrolytes with the change in
concentration.

(a) What is meant by ‗limiting molar conductivity‘?

(b) Calculate the limiting molar conductivity of acetic acid. Given: λ0(H+) = 349.6 S cm2 mol-1
and λ0 (CH3COO–) = 40.9 S cm2 mol-1.
OR

71
 (b)The conductivity of the 0.20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.0248 S cm−1. Calculate its
molarconductivity.
(c) Solutions of two electrolytes 'A' and 'B' are diluted. The conductivity of 'B' increases 1.5
times while that of A increases 25 times. Which of the two is a strong electrolyte? Justify
your answer.

SECTIONE
The following questions are long answer types and carry 5 marks each. All questions have
an internal choice.
31.Answer any five of the following:
(a)Why Zinc is not regarded as a transition element?
(b)Which of the following cations are coloured in aqueous solutions and why?
Sc3+, V3+, Ti4+, Mn2+.
(c) Why does Copper have exceptionally positive value?
(d)How is the variability in oxidation states of transition elements different from that of non-
transition elements?
(e)Name the element showing the maximum number of oxidation states among the first series of
transition metals.
(f) How is K2MnO4prepared from MnO2?
(g) Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit a +2 oxidation state.
32. (a) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 269.15 K. Calculate
the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
(b)(i) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
(ii) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of
the solution?
OR
(a)Two elements A and B form compounds having the formula AB2 and AB4. When dissolved in
20g of benzene (C6H6), 1 g of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K whereas 1.0 g of
AB4 lowers it by 1.3 K. The molar depression constant for benzene is 5.1 K kg mol-1. Calculate
the atomic masses of A and B.
(b) Account for the following:
(i) An increase in temperature is observed when solutions of chloroform and acetone are mixed.
(ii) The solution of sodium chloride freezes at a temperature lower than water.
33.A colourless substance ‗A‘ (C6H7N) is sparingly soluble in water and gives a water-soluble
compound ‗B‘ on treatment with mineral acid. On reacting with CHCl3 and alcoholic potash ‗A‘
72
produces an obnoxious smell due to the formation of compound ‗C‘. The reaction of ‗A‘ with
benzenesulphonyl chloride gives compound ‗D‘ which is soluble in alkali. With NaNO2 and HCl,
‗A‘ forms compound ‗E‘ which reacts with phenol in an alkaline medium to give an orange dye
‗F‘.Identify compounds A,B,C,D and E and write all the reactions involved.
OR
(a) Account for the following :
(i) The pKb value for aniline is more than that for methylamine.
(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not soluble in water.
(iii) Primary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines.
(b).Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength :
(i) C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C6H5CH2NH2, (C2H5)2NH
(ii) C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N, C6H5NH2

73
 MARKING SCHEME – 5 / 5
CLASS – XII SUB - CHEMISTRY

MARKING SCHEME
QSTN Value Points Marks
NO Allotted
1 (c)Conductivity does not depend upon the solvation of ions present in 1
the solution.
2 (a)CH3CH2CH3 1
3 (d)Glycogen 1
4 (a)Formic acid 1
5 (d) (CH3)2C = CH2 1
6 (a) V2O5, Cr2O3 1
7 (a)The activation energy of the forward reaction is E1 + E2 and the 1
product is less stable than the reactant.
8 (d) Nitrobenzene 1
9 (a) Propan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, Butan-1-ol, Pentan-1-ol 1
10 (d) depends only on temperature 1
11 (b)(ii)>(iv)>(i)>(iii)>(v) 1
12 (b) KMnO4 oxidises HCl into Cl2 which is also an oxidising agent 1
13 (b) 1
14 (b) 1
15 (d) 1
16 (a) 1
17 (a)1ST Order 1
(b)No 1

18
½

19 (a) Because of partial double bond character due to

resonance/Halogen attached to sp2 hybridized carbon atom
(b) The new force of attraction between the alkyl halides and water 1
molecules is weaker than the alkyl halide-alkyl halide and
water-water forces of attraction/lack of Hydrogen bonding 1
between alkyl halide and water.

74
20
(a)
1

(b)

OR
(a)

(b)

21 The four bases present in DNA are adenine , guanine , cytosine and
thymine.Thymine is not present in RNA. 1+1
22 (a) Ionization Isomerism 1
(b) Optical Isomerism 1
(c)Coordination Isomerism 1

75
23
½

24 (Any four)
(a)5-Ethyl-heptane-2,4-diol 1
(b)2,5-Dimethylphenol 1
(c)2-Ethoxybutane 1
(d)Hex-1-en-3-ol 1
25
1

76
26 (a)

(b) 1

1
(c)

27
(a)
1

1
(b)

(c)

28 (a)
1

(b) Because the reacting molecules might not be having the proper 1
77
 orientation
29 (a) sp3d2 and Octahedral 1
(b) No unpaired electrons 1
(c) Outer electronic configuration of nickel (Z = 28) in ground state is
3d84s2. Nickel in this complex is in + 2 oxidation state. It achieves + 2
oxidation state by the loss of the two 4s-electrons. The resulting
Ni2+ ion has outer electronic configuration of 3d8. Since CN– ion is a
strong field, under its attacking influence, two unpaired electrons in the
3d orbitals pair up.

Outer electronic configuration of nickel (Z = 28) in ground state is

3d84s2 Nickel in this complex is in + 2 oxidation state. Nickel achieves
+ 2 oxidation state by the loss of two 4s-electrons. The resulting
Ni2+ ion has outer electronic configuration of 3d8. Since CP ion is a
weak field ligand, it is not in a position to cause electron pairing.

1+1

OR

(c)

78
 1+1

30 (a). Limiting Molar conductivity is the conductivity of the solution at

infinite dilution, i.e. all the ions have dissociated or the ions are farther 1
apart

(b). 1

OR

(b)

(c)There would be no increase in the number of ions on dilution as

strong electrolytes are completely dissociated. Hence, λm would
remain constant/change slowly on dilution. B is a strong electrolyte. 1+1

79
31 (Any five)
(a).As zinc atom has completely filled 3d-orbitals in its ground state as
well as oxidised state, therefore, it is not regarded as transition 1
element. 1
(b) V3+, and Mn2+due to presence of unpaired electrons
(c)Copper has a high value of atomization enthalpy and low hydration
enthalpy. 1
(d) in transition elements, the oxidation states differ by 1. Example:
The oxidation states of are +2, +3, +4,+5, +6 and +7. Whereas the 1
oxidation states shown by non-transition elements differ by 2 units due 1
to the inert pair effect. 1
(e)Mn
(f)
1
32. (g) Europium ½
½

(a) ½
½
½
½

(b) 2 M glucose has a higher boiling point than 1 M of glucose.Since ½

on increasing the no of moles the molality also increases which is ½
directly proportional to an elevation in boiling point.Thus, the boiling ½
point of the 2M of glucose will be greater than 1M glucose.
(c)When the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic ½
pressure of the solution, then the solvent molecules from the solution
½
pass through the semipermeable membrane to the solvent side. This
process is called reverse osmosis. ½

OR 1
1

(a).
1
33

1
80
(b)(i)on mixing, the chloroform and acetone molecules, they start 1+1
forming hydrogens bonds which are stronger bonds resulting in the
release of energy. This gives rise to an increase in temperature.
(ii)When a non-volatile solute is dissolved in a solvent, the vapour
pressure decreases. As a result, the solvent freezes at a lower
temperature.

OR
(a).(i)Because aniline is less basic than methylamine due to
stabilisation lone pair of N by resonance effect 1
(ii) Ethylamine dissolves in water due to intermolecular H-
bonding.However, in aniline, due to the large hydrophobic part, i.e.,
1
hydrocarbon part, the extent of H-bonding decreases considerably, and
hence aniline is insoluble in water.
(iii) Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is present in primary amines but 1
not in tertiary amines (H-atom absent in amino group) so primary
amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines. 1+1
(b) (i)
(ii)

81