Concept tutorials

289, Greater brijeshwari

11th Phy Thermal Properties

CLASS 11 - PHYSICS

Time Allowed : 240 mins Maximum Marks : 127

Remembering and Understanding

Attempt 1: 2,4,7,10,15,16,18,20,

Omitted: 6,8,9,17,

1 The coefficient of linear expansion of brass and steel areα 1 and α 2 respectively. If [1]
we take a brass rod of length l ❑1 and steel rod of length l ❑2 at 0 ❑o C, the
difference in their lengths l ❑1 . and l ❑2 will remain the same at all temperatures,
if

a) α 1 l 2=α 2 l1

b) α 21 l 1=α 22 l 2
2 2
c) α 1 l 2=α 2 l1

d) α 1 l 1=α 2 l2

2 A composite rod made of copper (α =1.8 ×10−5 K −1 ) and steel ( α =12 ×10−5 K −1 ) [1]
is heated. Then

a) it bends with steel on concave side

b) data is insufficient

c) it does not expand

d) it bends with copper on concave side

3 Two rods having thermal conductivity in the ratio of 5 : 3 having equal lengths [1]
and equal cross - sectional area are joined end to end. If the temperature of the
free end of the first rod is 100°C and free end of the second rod is 20 °C, then the
temperature of the junction is

a) 60°C
 b) 50°C

c) 70°C

d) 90°C

4 A 0.0500 - kg ingot of metal is heated to 200.0❑o C and then dropped into a [1]
beaker containing 0.400 kg of water initially at 20.0 ❑o C. If the final equilibrium
temperature of the mixed system is 22.4 ❑o C, find the specific heat of the metal.

a) 4.53 J/kg.❑o C

b) 4.83 J/kg❑o C

c) 4.73 J/kg.❑o C

d) 4.63 J/kg.❑o C

5 What mass of steam initially at 130❑∘ C is needed to warm 200 g of water in a [1]
100 - g glass container from 20.0 ❑∘ C to 50.0 ❑o C? Specific heat of container
is837J/Kg ❑o C Specific heat of steam is2110J/Kg ❑o C Specific heat of
wateris4186J/Kg ❑o C Latentheat of vapourisationis2.26 × 10 ❑6 J/Kg

a) 16.9 g

b) 14.9 g

c) 10.9 g

d) 12.9 g

6 Ifσ is Stefan’s constant and b is Wien’s constant, then the dimensions of σ b 4 are [1]
a) [ M❑1 L ❑4 T ❑−3

b) [ ML❑6 T ❑−3

c) [ ML❑−1 T

d) [ M❑0 L ❑0 T ❑0

7 Consider two rods of same length and different specific heats (c❑1 , c ❑2 ), [1]
thermal conductivities (K ❑1 , K ❑2 ) and area of cross - sections (A ❑1 , A ❑2 )
and both having temperatures (T ❑1 , T ❑2 ) at their ends. If their rate of loss of
heat due to conduction is equal, then:
K 2 A1 K 1 A 2
a) =
c2 c1

b) K❑1 A ❑1 = K ❑2 A ❑2
 c) K❑2 A ❑1 = K ❑1 A ❑2
K 1 A1 K 2 A 2
d) =
c1 c2

8 A black body at a temperature of 2600 K has the wavelength corresponding to [1]

maximum emission 1200 . Assuming the moon to be perfectly black body, the
temperature of the moon, if the wavelength corresponding to maximum emission
is 5000 , is

a) 3640 K

b) 5240 K

c) 7800 K

d) 6240 K

9 Two identical metallic balls, whose temperatures are 200°C and 400°C [1]
respectively, are placed in an enclosure at 27° C. The ratio of heat - loss of the
balls will be

a) 1 : 4

( 473 ) 4−( 300 ) 4

b) 4 4
( 673 ) −( 300 )

c) 1 : 2

( 200 )4 −( 27 ) 4
d) 4 4
( 400 ) −( 27 )

1 In an insulated vessel, 250 g of ice at 0❑∘ C is added to 600 g of water at 18.0 ❑∘ [1]
0 C. How much ice remains when the system reaches equilibrium? given that latent
heat of fusion of ice = 79.5cal/gm, the specific heat of water =1cal/gm ❑o C.

a) 94 g

b) 87 g

c) 134 g

d) 114 g

1 How much pressure will a man of mass 80 kg exert on the ground when (1) he is [2]
1 lying and (2) he is standing on his feet. Given area of the body of the man is 0.6 m
❑ and that of one of his feet is 80 cm ❑ .(Given, g = 9.8 m/s ❑ )
2 2 2

1 Why is mercury used in a thermometer? [2]

2
1 A constant volume thermometer using helium gas records a pressure of 1.75× 10 [2]
3 ❑ Pa at the normal freezing point of water, and a pressure of 239 × 10 ❑ Pa at
4 4

the normal boiling point of water. Obtain from theseobservations the

temperature of absolute zero on the Celsius scale.
1 Thick bottomed drinking glasses frequently crack if hot water is poured into [2]
4 them. Why?
1 Suppose you want to cool your drink. Should you keep ice cubes floating on the [2]
5 top or should you arrange to keep the ice cubes at the bottom?
1 What is calorimetry? Briefly explain its principle. [3]
6
1 What do you mean by absorptive power and reflecting powerof a surface? What [3]
7 are their units? How are the two related to each other?
1 Briefly explain the formation of trade wind. [3]
8
1 A rail track made of steel having length 10 m is clamped on a railway line at its [5]
9
two ends (Figure).

On a summer day due to rise in temperature by 20° C, it is deformed as shown in

figure. Find x (displacement of the centre) if α steel = 1.2 × 10 ❑−5 /℃.

2 Draw a P - T diagram for CO❑2 . Explain its behavior, when both pressure and [5]
0 temperature are above and below the triple point. Give the importance of the
triple point.
Applying

Attemp1: 22,

2 A steel metre scale is to be ruled so that the millimetre intervals are accurate to [1]
1 within about5× 10 ❑−5 mm at a certain temperature. What is the maximum
temperature variation allowable during the ruling? Given α for steel = 1.1 × 10
❑ C❑ .
−5 o −1

2 The density of mercury is 13.6 g cm❑−3 at 0 ❑o C and its coefficient of cubical [1]
2 expansion is 1.82 × 10 ❑−4 o C ❑−1 . Calculate the density of mercury at 50 ❑o C.
2 When a thermometer is taken from the melting ice to a warm liquid, the mercury [1]
3 2
level rises to th of the distance between the lower and the upper fixed points.
5
Find the temperature of liquid in °C and K.
2 Wavelength corresponding to E❑max for the moon is 14 microns. Estimate the [1]
4 surface temperature of the moon, if b = 2.884 × 10 ❑−3 mK.
2 The pressure of air in the bulb of constant volume air thermometer is 75 cm of [1]
5 mercury at 0°C, 100 cm at 100°C and 80 cm at room temperature. Calculate the
 room temperature.
2 A thin brass rectangular sheet of sides 15.0 cm and 12.0 cm is heated in a furnace [2]
6 to 600°C, and taken out. How much electric power is needed to maintain the
sheet at this temperature, given that its emissivity is 0.0250? Neglect heat loss
due to convection. (Stefan Boltzmann constant, a = 5.67× 10 ❑−8 W m ❑−2 K ❑−4
).
2 Calculate the difference in temperatures between two sides of an iron plate 20 [2]
7 mm thick, when heat is conducted at the rate of 6× 10 ❑5 cal / min/m ❑2 . K for
metal is 0.2 cal s ❑−1 cm ❑−1 °C ❑−1 .
2 A steel scale measures the length of a copper rod as 80 cmwhen both are at 20❑o [2]
8 C, the calibration temperature of the scale. What would the scale read for the
length of the rod when both are at 40 ❑o C? Given α for steel = 1.1 × 10 ❑−5 o C
−5 ∘ −1
❑ and α for copper = 1.7 × 10 ❑ C .
−1

2 Calculate the heat of combustion of coil when 10 g of coal on burning raises the [2]
9 temperature of 2 litres of water from 20❑o C to 55 ❑o C.
3 A body re - emits all the radiation it receives. Find surface temperature of the [2]
0 body. Energy received per unit area per unit time is 2.835 Watt/m❑2 and σ =
5.67 × 10 ❑−8 W m ❑−2 K ❑−4 .
3 A 10 kW drilling machine is used to drill a bore in a small aluminium block of [3]
1 mass 8.0 kg. How much is the rise in temperature of the block in 2.5 minutes,
assuming 50% of power is used up in heating the machine itself or lost to the
surroundings. Specific heat of aluminium = 0.91 J g❑−1 K ❑−1 .
3 In an experiment on the specific heat of a metal, a 0.20 kg block of the metal at [3]
2 150❑o C is dropped in a copper calorimeter (of water equivalent 0.025 kg)
containing 150 cm ❑3 of water at 27 ❑o C. The final temperature is 40 ❑o C.
Compute the specific heat of the metal. If heat losses to the surroundings are not
negligible, is your answer greater or smaller than the actual value for specific
heat of the metal?
3 A layer of ice 1 cm thick is formed on a pond. The temperature of the air is - 20°C. [3]
3 Calculate how long it will take for the thickness of ice to increase by 1 mm. The
density of ice = 1g cm❑−3 . Latent heat of ice = 80 cal g ❑−1 . Conductivity of ice =
0.008 cal s ❑−1 cm ❑−1 °C ❑−1 .
3 Two vessels A and B of different materials but having identical shape, size and [3]
4 wall thickness are filled with ice and kept at the same place. Ice melts at the rate
of 100 g min❑−1 and 150g min ❑−1 in A and B, respectively. Assuming that heat
enters the vessels through the walls only, calculate the ratio of thermal
conductivities of their materials.
3 A certain substance has a mass of 50 g/mole. When 300 J of heat is added to 25g [3]
5 of sample of this material, its temperature rises from 25❑o C to 45 ❑o C. Calculate

1. the thermal capacity,

 2. specific heat capacity, and

3. molar heat capacity of the sample.

3 A large steel wheel is to be fitted on to a shaft of the same material. At 27 °C, the [5]
6 outer diameter of the shaft is 8.70 cm and the diameter of the central hole in the
wheel is 8.69 cm. The shaft is cooled using ’dry ice’. At what temperature of the
shaft does the wheel slip on the shaft? Assume the coefficient of linear expansion
of the steel to be constant over the required temperature range:
−5 −1
α steel=1.20 ×10 K
3 An iron bar (L❑1 = 0.1 m, A ❑1 = 0.02 m ❑2 , K ❑1 = 79 W m ❑−1 K ❑−1 ) and a [5]
7 brass bar (L ❑2 = 0.1 m, A ❑2 = 0.02 m ❑2 , K ❑2 = 109 W m ❑−1 K ❑−1 ) are
soldered end to end as shown in Figure. The free ends of the iron bar and brass
bar are maintained at 373 K and 273 K respectively. Obtain expressions for and

hence compute

1. the temperature of the junction of the two bars

2. the equivalent thermal conductivity of the compound bar, and

3. the heat current through the compound bar

Analysis, Creating

3 Two metal cubes A and B of same size are arranged as shown in Figure. The [1]
8 extreme ends of the combination are maintained at the indicated temperatures.
The arrangement is thermally insulated. The coefficients of thermal conductivity
of A and B are 300 W/m°C and 200 W/m°C, respectively. After steady state is

reached, what will be the temperature T of the interface?

3 The temperature of the two outer surfaces of a composite slab, consisting of two [1]
9 materials having coefficients of thermal conductivity K and 2 K and thickness x
and 4x, respectively are T❑2 and (T ❑2 > T ❑1 ). What is the rate of flow of heat

through the slab in a steady - state?

4 Water in a closed tube is heated with one arm placed vertically above an arc [2]
0 lamp. Water will begin to circulate along the tube in a counterclockwise direction.
 Is this true or false?
4 Hot oil is circulated through an insulated container with a wooden lid at the top [2]
1 whose conductivity K = 0.149 J/(m - °C - sec), thickness t = 5 mm, emissivity =
0.6. Temperature of the top of the lid is maintained at T( = 127°C. If the ambient

❑l

temperature T = 127°C, calculate

1. rate of heat loss per unit area due to radiation from the lid.
17 −8
2. temperature of the oil. (Givenσ = ×10 )
3

4 A fat man is used to consuming about 3000 kcal worth of food every day. His food [2]
2 contains 50 g of butter plus a plate of sweets every day, besides items that
provide him with other nutrients (proteins, vitamins, minerals, etc.) in addition
to fats and carbohydrates. The caloric value of 10 g of butter is 60 kcal and that of
a plate of sweets is on average 700 kcal. What dietary strategy should he adopt to
cut down his calories to about 2100 kcal per day? Assume the man cannot resist
eating the full plate of sweets once it is offered to him!
4 Answer the following questions based on the P - T phase diagram of carbon [5]
3 dioxide:

1. At what temperature and pressure can the solid, liquid, and vapor phases
of CO❑2 co - exist in equilibrium?

2. What is the effect of the decrease of pressure on the fusion and boiling
point of CO❑2 ?

3. What are the critical temperature and pressure for CO❑2 ? What is its
significance?

4. Is CO❑2 solid, liquid or gas at

a. - 70°C under 1 atm,

b. - 60°C under 10 atm,

c. 15°C under 56 atm?

4 Two ideal gas thermometers A and B use oxygen and hydrogen respectively. The [5]
4 following observations are made:

1. What is the absolute temperature of normal melting point of sulphur as

read by thermometers A and B ?

2. What do you think is the reason behind the slight difference in answers of
thermometers A and B ? (The thermometers are not faulty). What further
procedure is needed in the experiment to reduce the discrepancy between
the two readings?

A & R, Case based

4 Assertion: Thermal radiation is the fastest mode of heat transfer. Reason: [1]
5 Thermal radiation is always transmitted in straight line path.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

4 Assertion: When a green glass is heated in a furnace and taken out, it is found to [1]
6 glow with red light. Reason: Red and green are complementary colours.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

4 Assertion: Most of the heat transfer that is taking place on earth is by convection. [1]
7 Reason: Mostly heat radiation from sun are obtained in infrared region.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
 explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

4 Assertion: Water cannot be boiled inside a satellite by convection. Reason: In [1]

8 weightlessness conditions, natural movement of heated fluid is not possible.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

4 Assertion: Coolant coils are fitted at the top of a refrigerator, for formation of [1]
9 convection current. Reason: Air becomes denser on cooling.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

5 Assertion (A): With rise in temperature, time period of a pendulum remains [1]
0 increases. Reason (R): Time period is not dependent on temperature.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

5 Assertion: It is hotter over the top of a fire than at the same distance on the [1]
1 sides. Reason: Air surrounding the fire conducts more heat upwards.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
 explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

5 Assertion: It is hotter over the top of a fire than at the same distance on the [1]
2 sides. Reason: Air surrounding the fire conducts more heat upwards.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

5 Assertion (A): It is not possible for a system, unaided by an external agency to [1]
3 transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to another at a higher
temperature. Reason (R): It is not possible to violate the Second Law of
thermodynamics.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

5 Assertion (A): Water expands both when heated or cooled from 4 ❑o C. Reason [1]
4 (R): The volume of water at 4 ❑o C is minimum.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

5 Assertion: Metals have high thermal conductivity. Reason: Metals have free [1]
5 electrons.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
 explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

5 Assertion: Two thin blankets put together are warmer than a single blanket of [1]
6 double the thickness. Reason: Thickness of blanket increases because of air layer
enclosed between the two blankets.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

5 Assertion (A): The SI unit of Stefan’s constant is Wm ❑−2 K ❑−4 . Reason (R): [1]
−2
7 E Wm
This follows from Stefan’s law E = T ❑
σ 4
∴ σ = 4
= 4
T K
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

5 Assertion: A body with large reflectivity is a poor emitter of heat radiations. [1]
8 Reason: A body with large reflectivity is a poor absorber of heat.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

5 Assertion (A): When heat transfer takes place between a system and [1]
9 surroundings, the total heat content of system or surroundings separately
remains same. Reason (R): Heat is a form of energy which follows the principle
of conservation of energy.
 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

6 Read the case study given below and answer any four subparts: The figure [5]
0 shows the different modes of transfer of heat, heat transfer is defined as the
movement of heat across the border of the system due to a difference in
temperature between the system and its surroundings. The temperature
difference exists between the two systems, heat will find a way to transfer from

the higher to the lower system.

1. The sea breeze is caused by:

a. conduction

b. convection

c. radiation

d. none of these

2. At what factor heat absorbed on radiation by the body depends on?

a. distance between body

b. source of heat

c. its color

d. all of the above

3. When heat is transferred by molecular collision, it is referred to as heat

transfer by:

a. convection

b. conduction

c. radiation

d. convection and radiation

 4. Thermal conductivity of air with rise in temperature:

a. increase

b. decrease

c. constant

d. none of these

5. Mass transfer does not take place in -

a. conduction

b. convection

c. radiation

d. none of these

6 Read the case study given below and answer any four subparts: All three [5]
1 states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) expand when heated. Thermal expansion
can be defined as the change in the length, width, height, or volume of any
material on changing the temperature. It is a well - known phenomenon now that
substances expand on heating and contract on cooling

1. A pendulum clock shows the correct time at a definite temperature. At a

higher temperature the clock

a. loses times

b. gain time

c. neither gains nor loses time

d. none of these

2. Gaps are left between railway tracks because:

a. gaps hold the track firmly

b. gaps give the space to the tracks to expand in the summer

c. It is customary to leave the gap

d. none of these

3. When a copper ball is heated, the largest percentage increase will occur in
 its:

a. Diameter

b. area

c. volume

d. all of the above

4. Expansion during heating:

a. occurs only in solid

b. increase the weight of the material

c. decrease the density of the material

d. none of these

5. If the length of the cylinder on heating increases by 2 %, the area of the

base will increase by:

a. 2%

b. 3%

c. 4%

d. 5%

6 Read the case study given below and answer any four subparts: A phase [5]
2 change is when matter changes from one state (solid, liquid, gas, plasma) to
another. These changes occur when sufficient energy is supplied to the system
(or a sufficient amount is lost), and also occur when the pressure on the system is
changed. The temperatures and pressures under which these changes happen
differ depending on the chemical and physical properties of the system.

1. The latent heat of vaporization of a substance is always

 a. greater than the heat of fusion

b. less than the heat of fusion

c. greater than the heat of sublimation

d. lower than the heat of sublimation.

2. Specific heat of a substance at the melting point becomes

a. low

b. high

c. remains unchanged

d. infinite

3. Specific heat of gas in an isothermal process is

a. zero

b. finite

c. infinite

d. none of these

4. A quantity of heat required to change the unit mass of a substance, from

solid to liquid state, while the temperature remains constant, is known as

a. sublimation

b. latent heat of fusion

c. latent heat

d. none of these

5. The sprinkling of water reduces the temperature of the closed room

because

a. The water has a large latent heat of vaporization

b. Water is a bad conductor of heat

c. Specific heat of water is high

d. none of these