Individual Report
On
Expansion of Urbanization in Mumbai and
Delhi
Submitted by
Group number 2
Poojita Mishra (21D180031)
Submitted to
Prof. Srinidhi Balasubramanian
Environmental Science and Engineering Department
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY
Powai, Mumbai 400076
Expansion of Urbanization in Mumbai
and Delhi
Urban expansion refers to an increase in the built-up area of a settlement or collection of
settlements.
Urbanization has now become a major component of environmental degradation, vulnerability,
and susceptibility, though it positively impacts the country’s economy.
The United Nations (UN) projected that 66% of the world’s population will be urbanized in the
near future by 2050, and the rate of urbanization in Asia and Africa will be tremendously high
compared to any other region of the world. Urbanization occurs as a natural consequence of
economic changes in a developing country like India.
In our term project, we studied the urbanization pattern for Mumbai and Delhi with the help of
unsupervised classification method. We studied urbanization patterns for 1990, 2000, 2013, and
2020 and, based on the pattern observed, concluded that the urbanization in these cities is
increasing in some particular fashion depending on many factors, and the correlation between
the two cities is interesting.
METHODOLOGY
DOWNLOADING DATA
UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION
MUMBAI
STUDY AREA
Mumbai and its
surrounding suburban
region are one of the
integral parts of the
Mumbai Metropolitan
Region (MMR) situated
in the western part of
the Maharashtra state,
India. The area
considered for this
study mainly consists
of 7 municipal
corporations and more
than 500 villages,
which are extended
over 2834.57 km2.
OBSERVATIONS
It is revealed from the figure that over the last 30 years there was a dramatic increase in built up
area and noticeable decrease in wetlands and cultivated land area.
One of the most conspicuous changes was noticed in built up land which has gone up from
55.2% to 64.9% at the rate of 17% in first phase of the study (1990–2000) and from 64.9% to
70.9% at the rate of 9.3% in the later phase of the study (2000– 2013) and further from 2013 to
2020 it was about 75.2% at rate of about 6.2%.
DELHI
STUDY AREA
Delhi, the capital of India which is
in the Northern part of India.
Physio-graphically Delhi is
located at an altitude of 227 m
above mean sea level in the
northern fringe of Aravalli ridge
and southern ‘edge of Indo-
Gangetic Plain’
OBSERVATIONS
Land use land cover map and it's overtime change detection from year 1990 to 2020 shows that
the built-up area is expanded in the North, North-west, and southwest direction of Delhi. In the
North – East, right bank of the river Yamuna, and Central Delhi, built –up land was compact in
2000 but it becomes denser till 2020.
Due to the presence of some restricted area in the middle of the Delhi (i.e. administrative
buildings, foreign embassy, presidential estate etc.) built-up area was not expanded like another
region in this area.
INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION
Downloaded data and performed unsupervised classification for the year 1990 for both Mumbai
and Delhi. ( We had divided the work equally between four of the team members, each member
getting to perform unsupervised classification for a particular year.)
CONCLUSION
Mumbai is located on a peninsular on the Western coast of Maharashtra state in western India,
bordering the Arabian Sea, the largest city of India in terms of population size.
Due to Increasing population,Migration of people from rural to urban and many socio- economic
aspects, the peripheral boundaries of the city are extending regularly.
The Urban Extent of Mumbai in 2014 was 70,533 hectares, increasing at an average annual
rate of 3.9% since 2001. The urban extent in 2001 was 43,000 hectares. increasing at an
average annual rate of 1.6% since 1991, when its urban extent was 36,681 hectares.
The capital of India, New Delhi, has been experiencing one of the fastest urban expansions in
the world. Vast areas of croplands and grasslands are being turned into streets, buildings, and
parking lots, attracting an unprecedented number of new residents.
During the last three decades, Delhi has witnessed extensive and rapid urban expansion in all
directions, especially in the East South East zone. The total built-up area has risen dramatically,
from 195.3 sq. km to 435.1 sq. km, during 1989-2020, which has led to habitat fragmentation,
deforestation, and difficulties in running urban utility services effectively in the new
extensions.The results revealed that the proximity to urban areas, proximity to main roads, and
proximity to medical facilities were the most significant factors in Delhi during 1989-2020.
The predicted pattern of urban expansion was chaotic, scattered, and dense on the peripheries.
This pattern of urban expansion might lead to further losses of natural resources.
In Mumbai, urbanization has been more compact, with a high density of development in the city
center and surrounding areas. In contrast, Delhi has seen more dispersed development, with a
lower density of development and a greater reliance on satellite towns.
REFERENCES
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340102124_Urbanisation_in_India_Causes_Growth_T
rends_Patterns_Consequences_Remedial_Measures
https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/mumbai-saw-66-increase-in-built-up-area-i
n-27-years-reveals-study-101634570491580.html
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/pdfs/Mumbai.pdf
https://niua.org/tod/todfisc/book.php?book=1§ion=2
THANK YOU!
