Notas

Para se usar este volume

1. Coulton, Chaucer. 62. 27. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 670.

2. Michelet, x, 3. 28. Ibid.

3. Müntz, Leonardo da Vinci. I, 22. 29. Ibid.

30. Coulton, Five Centuries of Religion. II.

CAPÍTULO I 411.

31. Erasmo, 5 de março de 1518 in Epistles,

1. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, I, 205. III, 287.
2. Pastor, History ofthe Popes, 1, 71, 66. 32. Pastor, VIII, 124.
3. Ibid. 33. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 670.
4. Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire, 226; Cam- 34. Ibid., 659.

bridge Medieval History, VIII, 623. 35. Smith, Preserved, History ofModern Cultu
5 Sarton, Introduction to the History of re, 1, 19.
Science, III 1, 1034. 36. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 674.
6. Pastor, I, 91. 37. Coulton, Five Centuries of Religion, I, 410
7. Sismondi, History of the Italien Republics. e seguintes; II, 429.
328. 38. Ibid., 400.

8. Gierke, Political Theories of the Middle 39. Erasmo, Epístola 94 in Froude, Life and Let
Ages, 52, 59; Hearnshaw, Medieval Contri- ters ofErasmus, 352.
butions to Modern Civilization, 67. 40. Blok, History of the People of the Nether
9. Emerton, The Defensor Pacis ofMarsiglio of lands, II, 299.
Padua, 70-2. 41. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, IV, 354.
10. Milman, History of Latin Christianity, VII, 42. Coulton, Five Centuries, II, 399.
328-31. 43. Lea, History of the Inquisition in Spain. I.
11. Ogg, Source Book of Medieval History, 391. 427.

12. Creighton, History ofthe Papacy during the 44. Coulton, Five Centuries. I, 410.

Reformation, I, 297; Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 45.

La Tour,
Ibid
.
, Coulton
Les177
,. origines,Medieval
160seguintes
II, 297 Pean,oram 150,
.
8n. 46.
.

13. Pastor, I, 241. 47.

14. Pastor, III, 269. 48. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, IV, 95 e seguin-
15. Ibid., 324. tes.

16. Para um simples resumo católico dos abusos 49. Lea, Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celiba-
eclesiásticos ocorridos por volta de 1500, cf. cy, 429-32; Kautsky, Communism in Cen
Janelle, The Catholic Reformation, Capítu- tral Europe in the Time ofthe Reformation.
los I-III. 268.

17. Cambridge Modern History, I, 388. 50. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 672..
18. Montalembert, The Monks of the West, I, 51. Pastor, V, 457 e seguintes.
81. 52. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, 1, 394.
19. Coulton, Inquisition andLiberty, 45. 53. Ibid., 402.
20. Coulton, Five Centuries ofReligion, I, 465. 54. Ibid.
21. Beard, Chas., Martin Luther and the Refor- 55. 406.
mation, 42. 56. 407.

22. Maquiavel, Discourses, iii, I. 57. Gascoigne, Seven Rivers of Babylon, in

23. Robertson, History of the Reign of Charles Coulton, Social Life in Britain, 203.
V. I, 402. 58. Lea, Auricular Confession. III, 277. Beard,
24. Hayes, Political and Social History of Mo- Luther, 299.
.

dern Europe, I, 126. 59. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 74.

25. La Tour, Les origines de la Reforme, 1, 361. 60. Ibid., 179.
26. Cf. Pastor, V, 361-2. 61. 343 e seguintes.

803
804 A REFORMA

62. Pastor, VII, 338, 340. 34. "On Dominion", iv; De Officio pastorali.
63. Ranke, History of the Reformation in Ger 35. English Works, 469-70.
many, 153. 36. "On Dominion" ii, in Poole Illustrations,
64. Camb. Mod. Hy, 660. 261.

65. Pastor, VII, 305. 37. English Works, 452.

66. Coulton, The Black Death, 114. 38. Ibid., 328.
67. Erasmo, Militis Christiani enchiridion, in 39. 330-1.

Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 429. 40. Trevelyan, England in the Age ofWycliffe,
68. Lea, ibid. 173.
69. Coulton, Five Centuries, I, 410. 41. English Works, 465.
42. Ibid., 227-9.
43. 276 e seguintes.
CAPÍTULO II 44. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 685.
45. Poole, Wycliffe, 110; Trevelyan Wycliffe,
1. Stubbs, Constitutional History of England, 316.
II, 331. 46. Coulton, Black Death, 68; Medieval Pano-
2. Headlam, Story ofNuremberg, 164. rama, 89.
3. Coulton, Chaucer and His England, 173. 47. Mrs. Green, Town Life, 1, 54.
4. Froissart, Chronicles, I, 77, 89. 48. Stubbs, III, 617-8.
5. Froissart, edição Everyman, 124. 49. Mrs. Green, I, 141.
6. Trevelyan, England in the Age ofWycliffe, 50. Abram, A., English Life and Manners, 191.
28. 51: Lounsbury, Studies in Chaucer, I, 14.
7. Stubbs, III, 385. 52. Abram, 191-3.
8. Power, Medieval People, 78. 53. Coulton, Black Death, 96; Camb. Med.
9. Ibid., 68. Hy, VII, 442:
10. Green, Mrs. J. R., Town Life in the Fif- 54. Coulton, SocialLife, 350.
teenth Century, 1, 351 e seguintes. 55. Ashley, Introd. to English Economic Histo-
11. Rogers, Economic Interpretation ofHistory, ry and Theory, II, 333.
75. 56. Poole, Wycliffe, 106.
12. Cheyney, Dawn ofa New Era, 186. 57. Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381, 42.
13. Poole, R. L., Wycliffe and Movements for 58. Ibid., 51.
Reform, 88; Id., Illustrations of the History 59. Froissart, ii, 73.
of Medieval Thought, 254. 60. Ibid.
14. Wyclif, De civili dominio, i, 30, in Poole, 61. Oman, 38-43.
Wycliffe, 89. 62. Speculum, Jan., 1940, 25.
15. Poole, Illustrations, 264. 63. Oman, 68-77.

16. Poole, Wycliffe, 65. 64. Ibid., 84.

17. Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 489. 65. Stubbs, II, 428 e seguintes.
18. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social 66. Chambers, Medieval Stage, II, 185.
History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages, 67. Langland, Vision of William... concerning
499. Piers the Plowman, i, 73 e seguintes.
19. Trevelyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, 68. Ibid., i, 68-99, 144-94; vi. 169 e seguintes;
82. xiii, 4 e seguintes.
20. Wyclif, "On the Pope", in English Works, 69. Jusserand, Literary History of the English
477. People, 401.
21. Wyclif, "Of Prelates", in English Works, 70. Coulton, Chaucer, 30.
80-1. 71. Lounsbury, 1, 74; Coulton, Chaucer, 54.
22. Ibid., 81. 72. Ibid., 36.

23. Ibid., 100. 73. Lounsbury, II, 228.

24. 143-63. 74. Chaucer, Troilus, i, 463.
25. 96-104. 75. Ibid., iii, 1373 e seguintes.
26. Wyclif, "Of Prelates", v, 66; vi, 68. 76. The Nun's Priest's Tale, 41.3 e seguintes.
27. "On the Popes", iii.. 77. Legend ofGood Women, 1-9.
28. De officio pastorali in English Works, 457. 78. Knight's Tale, 444 e seguintes.
29. João, ii, 18. 79. Coulton, Chaucer, 60.
30. Rev., xi, 7. 80. Lounsbury, I, 87.
31. Janssen, History ofthe German People, IV, 81. Shakespeare, Richard II, iii, 3.
119. 82. Holinshed, iii, 507.
32. Wyclif, "On Dominion" (English), i.
33. English Works, 47-57.
 NOTAS 805

CAPÍTULO III 43. Le menagier de Paris, in Power, Medieval

People. 85.
44. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, III, 152.
1. Pirenne, Economic and Social History of 45. Huizinga, 133.
Medieval Europe, 187, 207; Ashley, II. 101: 46. Ibid., 21, 175.

Salzman, English Industries of the Middle 47. Thompson, Economic History. 105.
Ages, 337. 48. Huizinga, 140.
2. Coulton, The Medieval Village, 126; Bois- 49. Speculum, April, 1940, 148.
sonade, Life and Work in Medieval Europe, 50. Friedländer, Roman Life and Manners. II.
310. 196.

3. Pirenne, op. cit., 198. 51. France, A., Joan ofArc. II, 254.
4. Milman, VII, 65-6; Thompson, Economic 52. In Jussrand, English Wayfaring Life in the
History of Later Middle Ages, 53. Middle Ages, 400.
5. Michelet, History of France, livro vi, 53. Froissart, edição Everyman. 368, 292, 1.
capítulo 1. 54. In Pernoud, La poési médiévale, 80.
6. Campbell, Life and Times ofPetrarch, xxv. 55. In Faguet, Literary History of France, 147.
7. Guizot, History of France. I, 616 e seguin- Margarida chegou à França em 1436; não há
tes. vestígio de Chartier depois de 1434.
8. Encyc. Brit. XIX, 880b. 56. In Pauphilet, Poètes et romanciers du
9. Froissart, i, 115. moyen âge, 774.
10. Ibid., 127-8. 57. Tr. in Lang. Ballads and Lyrics of Old Fran
11. Sarton, III - 1, 38. ce.

12. Hammerton, Universal History of the 58. In Faguet, 151.

World, VI, 3394. 59. In Pauphilet, 792.
13. Froissart, i, 151. 60. Michelet, x, 3.
14. Boissonade, 284. 61. Ibid., France, Joan ofArc, 1, 25.
15. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, 62. Julgamento in Michelet, x. 3.
II, 65. 63. Ibid.; France,Joan of Arc, 139 e seguintes.
16. Sarton, III - 2, 1653. 64. Michelet, 1. c.
65. Ibid.
17. Castiglioni, History of Medicine, 359.
18. Coulton, Black Death. 68. 66. France, Joan, II, 250.
19. Sarton, III - 2, 1654. 67. Ibid., 1, xlvii.

20. Thompson, Economic History. 383. 68. Michelet, xi, 1.

21. Michelet, vi, 3. 69. Ibid., xi, 2; D'Orliac, The Lady of Beauty,
22. Froissart, i, 178.. 17-35.

23. Carlyle, R. W., History of Medieval Politi-

cal Theory, VI, 213. CAPÍTULO IV

24. Clapman and Power, Cambridge Economic

Hy ofEurope, 559. 1. Guizot, History of France, II, 407.
25. Froissart, I, 181, 183. 2. Ibid.; Hare, Life ofLouis XI, 69.
26. Michelet, vi. 3. 3. Comines, Memoirs, i, 10..
27. Michelet, vii, 1. 4. Ibid., ii, 1; Hare 241.
28. Guizot, History ofFrance, II, 245. 5. Hare, 204.
29. Boissonade, 330. 6. Comines, vi, 2.

30. Nussbaum, History of the Economic Insti- 7. Ibid., iv, 10.

tutions ofModern Europe. 108.. 8. Ibid., vi, 7, 11; Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 296.
31. Boissonade, 315. 9. Troyes, Chronique scandaleuse, in Comi-
32. Wright, Book of the Knight of La Tour- nes, II, 379, 395.
Landry, capítulo 2. 10. Comines, vi, 12.
33. Michelet, xi, 1. 11. Lacroix,, Prostitution, II, 116.
34. En Br., iv, 85576. 12. Ferrara, The Borgia Pope, 184; Beuf, Cesare
35. Huizinga, Waning of the Middle Ages. Borgia, 42; Michelet, Histoire de France, III,
144-7. i, 1.

36. Lacroix, History ofProstitution, 1, 793. 13. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1117.
37. Ibid., II, 1114. 14. Batiffol, Century ofthe Renaissance, 22.
38. Sanger, History ofProstitution, 106. 15. Guizot, France, II, 627.
39. Huizinga, Waning, 145. 16. Michelet, iii, 109.
40. Ibid., 97. 17. Ward, Architecture of the Renaissance in
41. Lacroix, Prostitution. I, 911. France, II, 16-17.
42 Huizinga, 103, 108. 18. Boyd, French Renaissance, 9.
806 A REFORMA

19. Cf. a bela reedição de Les heures d'Anne de 32. Chaucer, Parson's Tale, linhas 415-30.
Bretagne, Editions Verve, Paris, 1946. 33. Stubbs, III, 288.
20. Addison, J. D., Arts and Crafts in the Mid- 34. Hearnshaw, op. cit., 82.
dle Ages, 265. 35. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 126.
21. Comines, v, 18. 36. Id., Black Death, 112.
22. Ibid., iii, 8-9; 11, 6. 37. Catholic Encyclopedia, X, 334; Sarton III-2,
23. Mantzius, History of Theatrical Art, II, 134. 1046; Trevelyan, England in the Age ofWy-
24. Pauphilet, Jeux et sapience du moyen âge, cliffe, 179, 317, 321, 327.
332. 38. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 490.

25. Villon, Ballade de la grosse Margot; Lewis, 39. Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 334.
François Villon, 6, 301. 40. Shakespeare, 2 Henry IV, Epílogo.
26. Villon, Le petit testament, xxiii, xxxi, x. 41. Cath. Encyc., X, 335.
27. Villon, Poems, tr. John Payne, 128. 42. Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 347-9.
28. Ibid., 189. 43. In Sellery, Renaissance, 207.
29. Ibid., 191. 44. Jusserand, English Wayfaring, 192.
30. In Lewis, 209. 45. Mantle, Burns, e Gassner, A Treasury ofthe
Theater, 1345.
CAPÍTULO V 46. Putman, G. H., Books and Their Makers
during the Middle Ages, II, 104.
1. Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 357. 47. Kittredge, G. L., Harvard Studies... in Phi-
2. Holinshed, iii, 541. lology and Literature, II, 87 e seguintes.
3. Walsingham in Stubbs, III, 79. 48. Malory, Mort d'Arthur, iii, 15.
4. Michelet, ix, 3. 49. Ibid., x, 5.
5. Comines, ii, 12. 50. Paston Letters, 1, 81.
6. Ibid., vi, 2. 51. Gasquet, Eve ofthe Reformation, 220.
7. Holinshed, iii, 712; cf. Shakespeare, 3 Hen- 52. Einstein, Lewis, Italian Renaissance in En-
ry VI, iii, 2; Richard III, i, 1. gland. 36.
8. Bacon, Works, VI, 240. 53. Ibid., 38.

9. Coulton, Medieval Village, 136. 54. Smith, P., Erasmus, 95-6.

10. More, Utopia, 175. 55. Seebohm, The Oxford Reformers, 70-1, 74-
11. Coulton, Social Life in Britain, 321. 6, 110.

12. Rogers, Six Centuries of Work and Wages,

73; Schoenhof, History ofMoney and Prices,
311-2. CAPÍTULO VI

13. Retirado de Sir E. Dudley, Tree ofthe Com-

monwealth (1509), in Coulton, Social Life 1. Blok, History... ofthe Netherlands, II, 289.
in Britain, 354. 2. Pirenne, Histoire de Belgique, II, 471; Mi-
14. Green, J. R., Short History of the English chelet, x, 4; Blok, II, 289.

People. II, 568; Mrs. Green, Town Life, II, 3. Pirenne, Histoire, II, 471.
70. 4. Huizinga, 289.
15. Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 441-2. 5. Ibid., 203.
16. Ibid. 6. Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and
17. Holinshed, iii, 632. Ethics, II, 843a.
18. Ibid., 636. 7. Janssen, History of the German People, I,
19. Coulton, Social Life, 37. 88.

20. Lounsbury, II, 346; Wright, Homes of 8. Kempis, Thomas à, Imitation of Christ, i,
Other Days, 429. 1, 3, 10, 22, 9, 20.
21. Paston Letters, 1, 70. 9. In Michelet, xii, 2.
22. Holinshed, iii, 508. 10. Baldass, Jan van Eyck, 273.
23. Cf. Percy, Reliques, II, 88 e seguintes. 11. Cheney, World History ofArt, 623.
24. Salzman, 230. 12. Conway, The Van Eycks and Their
25. Mrs. Green, Town Life, 1, 212-5; Coulton, Followers, 141.
Chaucer, 220. 13. Comines, Memoirs, v. 9; Freeman, E. A.,
26. Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 365. Historical Essays, 338.
27. In Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 304. 14. Comines, ii, 3-4; Michelet, xv, 2-4.
28. Sarton, III-1, 158. 15. Conway, 185.
29. Wright, Homes, 379. 16. Ibid., 194.
30. Hammerton, Universal History, VI, 3443. 17. Baedeker, Belgique et Hollande, 129.
31. Hearnshaw, Social and Political Ideas of... 18. Baldass, Memling, 148.
the Renaissance andthe Reformation, 75. 19. Isaías, xl, 6.
 NOTAS 807

CAPÍTULO VII 11. Kautsky, 48.

12. Bax, German Society at the Close of the
1. Boissonade, 285. Middle Ages, 43.
2. Rickard, Man and Metals, II, 525. 13. Kautsky, 58 e seguintes.
3. Boissonade, 325. 14. Nosek, Spirit of Bohemia. 76 e seguintes.
4. Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 736 e seguintes. 15. Kautsky, 61-4.
5. Beard, Miriam, History of the Business 16. Creighton, Papacy. II, 471, Reynaud, Unite
Man, 63. or Perish, 185.
6. Headlam, Nuremberg, 32. 17. Burton, The Jew, the Gypsy, and Islam,
7. Thompson, Later Middle Ages, 402. 123.

8. Janssen, IV, 132-6. 18. Lewinski, Political History of Poland. 58.

9. Freeman, Historical Essays. 360.
10. Gregorovius, History of the City of Rome in CAPÍTULO IX
the Middle Ages, VI, 116: Camb. Med. Hy,
VII, 120, 283 e seguintes. 1. Vasiliev, History of the Byzantine Empire.
11. Emerton, 66. II, 395.

12. Gregorovius, VI, 151. 2. Ibid., 388.

13. Emerton, 17; Ueberweg, History ofPhiloso- 3. 419.

phy, I, 462; Owen, Evenings with the Skep- 4. In Diehl, C., Manuel d'art Byzantin, 761.
tics, II, 357. 5. Gibbons, H. A., Foundation of the Otto-
14. Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 130-1. man Empire, 134.
15. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 602. 6. Camb. Med. Hy, IV, 546.
16. Lea, Sacerdotal Celibacy, 395. 7. Lane-Poole, Story ofTurkey, 52.
17. Pastor, II, 48. 8. Froissart, iv, 90.

18. Kautsky, 102-3. 9. Gibbons, H. A.. Foundation, 132.

19. In Inge, Christian Mysticism, 160; James, 10. Camb. Med. Hy, IV, 620 e seguintes.
Wm., Varieties of Religious Experience, 11. Ibid.
417; Huizinga, 203. 12. Ibid., 693; Pastor, II, 252.
20. In Franke. History of German Literature, 13. O resto desta parte segue a incomparável
110. narrativa de Gibbon, Decline and Fallofthe
21. De Wulf, Philosophy and Civilization in Roman Empire, capítulo lxviii.
the Middle Ages, 294-7; Id., History ofMe- 14. Voltaire, Essai sur les moeurs, in Works,
dieval Philosophy, II, 130; Coulton, Medie- XVI-1, 297.

val Panorama, 522. 15. Camb. Med. Hy, IV, 691.

22. Inge, 162. 16. Gibb, Ottoman Literature, 203.
23. Coulton, Medieval Scene, 126. 17. Sismondi, History of the Italian Republics,
24. Headlam, Nuremberg, 29. 630.

25. Cheney, History of Art, 665. 18. Janssen, II, 198.

26. In Walsh, J. J., Thirteenth, Greatest of 19. Vambéry, Story ofHungary, 221.
Centuries, 158. 20. Ibid., 23.
27. A suposição é de Carter, Invention of Prin- 21. Réau, L'art russe, 1, 235; Riedl, F., History
ting in China, 24. of Hungarian Literature, 27.
28. Sarton, III-1, 830. 22. Domanovsky, S., Magyar Muvelodestorte
29. Putnam, Books, I, 352-6. net, I, 160.
30. En. Brit., XI, 12c. 23. Szoni, Regi Magyar Templomok, 203.
31. Putnam, Books, I, 359. 24. Cf. Divald, Old Hungarian Art, figs. 123.
32. Janssen, I, 19. 145.

25. Riedl, 34.

CAPÍTULO VIII 26. Nekam, Cultural Aspirations of Hungary,
88.

1. Lützow, Bohemia, 59. 27. Vambéry, 251.

2. Ibid., 68. 28. Riedl, 28-9.
3. Milman, VII, 487. 29. Vambéry, 272-5.
4. Kautsky, 46.
5. Hus, De Eclesia, 114. CAPÍTULO X
6. Ibid., 3, 16 e seguintes.
7. Ibid., xvi, 127. 1. Camões, Lusiads, iii, 132.
8. 220-1. 2. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 12.
9. Kautsky, 47. 3. Beazley, Prince Henry the Navigator, 213.
10. In Creighton, History ofthe Papacy, 1, 359. 4. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 10, 16.
808 A REFORMA

CAPÍTULO XI 45. Ibid., 370.

46. Ibid., 371; Abbott, Israel in Europe, 167.
1. Thompson, Economic and Social History, 47. Graetz, IV, 372.
349,422, 449. 48. Ibid., 376.
2. Michelet; III, 348; Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 651; 49. Marcus, TheJew in the Medieval World, 56-
Belloc, How the Reformation Happened, 9.
69.
50. Dozy, Spanish Islam, 268.
3. Chapman, C. E., History of Spain, 139, 51. Arnold, T. W., The Preaching of Islam,
163. 143.
4. Ibid., 216. 52. Lea, Spain, III, 325.
5. Burke, U. R., History ofSpain, I, 404; Pres- 53. Lane-Poole, Moors in Spain, 279.
cott, Ferdinand and Isabella, I, 338; Lea, In- 54. Coulton, Inquisition and Liberty, 315.
quisition in Spain, 1, 16. 55. Vacandard, The Inquisition, 198.
6. Carpenter, Ed., Pagan and Christian 56. Santos y Olivera, La cathedralde Sevilla, 8.
Creeds, 25. 57. Calvert, Moorish Remains in Spain, 383.
7. Graetz, Hy oftheJews, IV, 77. ,
8. Lea, op. cit., 1, 64. 58. Post,VIII
-
2
C.,
R.,705
. HistoryPainting
of Spanish
9. Graetz, IV, 79-84. 59. In Ticknor, Hy ofSpanish Literature, I, 227.
10. Michelet, vi, 4. 60. Prescott, Ferdinand, II, 448-9.
11. Roth C., Hy ofthe Marranos, 28. 61. Ibid., 327.
12. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, I, 120. 62. Ibid., 332.
13. Graetz, IV, 566.
14. Ibn Batuta, Travels, 315. CAPÍTULO XII
15. Ameer Ali, S., Short History of the
Saracens, 570. 1. France, A.,Joan ofArc, II, 17.
16. In Chapman, Hy ofSpain, 200. 2. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1040 e seguintes.
17. Pedraza in Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, 3. Thorndike, Lynn, History of Magic and Ex-
I, 314. perimental Science, III, 18.
18. Lane-Poole, The Moors in Spain, 232. 4. Lacroix, Science and Literature in the Mid-
19. Ibid., 267. dle Ages, 187.
20. Prescott, Ferdinand, I, 169. 5. Thorndike, III, 520.
21. Cf. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, I, 560-6. 6. Sarton, III-2, 1246.

22. Prescott, II, 340, nota 46. 7. Coulton, Social Life, 505.
23. Lea, Spain, IV, 362. 8. Singer, C., Studies in the History and Me-
24. Guizot, Hy ofFrance, II, 564. thodofScience, 191.
25. Carta a Fr. Vettori, in Machiavelli, Hy of 9. Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages, III,
Florence, Apêndice, pág. 498; cf. The Prin- 461-5; Jusserand, English Wayfaring Life,
ce, capítulo xxi. 333.

26. Guicciardini, History, IV, 108. 10. Smith, P., Age ofthe Reformation, 655.
27. Hefele, K., Cardinal Ximenes, 40-4. 11. Sanger, Prostitution, 104.
28. Graetz, IV, 315. 12. Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages, III,
29. Lea, Spain, 11, 511-13. 519.

30. Ibid., III, 2; Ellis, H., Soul ofSpain, 42. 13. Ibid., 543.

31. Lea, Spain, 1, 268, 100, 193; II, 323, 385. 14. Sprenger, Malleus maleficarum, in Ibid.,
32. Ibid., I, 235. 502.

33. Ibid., I, 233-6; Pastor, IV, 400. 15. Michelet, III, 36.

34. Lea, 1, 178; II, 104-9, 401 e seguintes; III, 16. Lea, Middle Ages, III, 549.
17.
184; Lacroix, P., Military and Religious Life Cf. Thorndike, IV, сар. LI.
in the Middle Ages, 433. 18. Id., III, 11.
35. Graetz, IV, 313. 19. III, 30, 33.

36. Lea, Spain, IV, 517. 20. 454.

37. Ibid. 21. 398-469.

38. Começo do Salmo CXIV da tradução da 22. Jusserand, Wayfaring Life, 328.
Vulgata. 23. Abram, English Life and Manners, 205.
39. Lea, Spain, 1, 133. 24. In Seebohm, Oxford Reformers, 211.
40. Ibid. 25. Paston Letters, I, 117.
41. Ibid., I, 134. 26. De Wulf, Hy ofMed. Philosophy, II, 168.
42. Prescott, Ferdinand, I, 514. 27. Thorndike, Science and Thought in the Fif-
43. Graetz, IV, 391. teenth Century, 254.
44. Ibid., 369. 28. Cambridge, Hy ofPoland, 1, 274.
 NOTAS 809

29. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 117. 70. Beer, Social Struggles in the Middle Ages,
30. Duhem, Études sur Léonard de Vinci, III, 112; Tornay, 81.
388. 71. Carlyle, R. W., Medieval Political Theory,
31. Gilson, La philosophie au Moyen Âge, II, VI, 44.

135. 72. De Wulf, Med. Philosophy, II, 187.

32. Kesten, Copernicus, 91. 73. Jacobs, E. F., in History, XVI, n.º 63. p.
218.
33. Penrose, Travel and Discovery in the Renais-
sance, 19. 74. Rashdall, Universities of Europe in the Mid-
34. In Morison, S. E., Admiral of the Ocean dle Ages, III, 265.
Sea, 93. 75. Owen, II, 410.
. 76. Duhem, Études, in Tornay, 51, 165.
36. Ibid., 108. 77. Cunningham, W. Growth of English In-
37. Gilson, La philosophie au Moyen Âge, II, dustry and Commerce, 359.
129; Sarton, III-1, 543-4; Duhem, III, 78. Marsílio de Pádua in Emerton, 35, 45, e
capítulos IX-X. passim.
38. Ibid., 181 e seguintes. 79. Ibid., 39; Pastor, I, 78; Coulton, Medieval
39. Sarton, III-2, 1429-31. Panorama, 656.

40. Thompson, Social and Economic History, 80. Coker, F. W., Readings in Political Philoso-
503. phy, 246-52.
41. Usher, A. P., Hy ofMechanical Inventions, 81. Ibid., 25; Emerton, 22.
127. 82. Defensor Pacis, i, 15, in Carlyle, R. W., Me-
42. Lacroix, Science and Literature in the Mid- dieval Political Theory, VI, 41.
dle Ages, 186. 83. Coker, 257; Duhem, II, 106-7.

43. Thorndike, III, 483. 84. Thorndike, IV, 388.

44. Walsh, J.J., The Popes and Science, 79. 85. Id., Science and Thought in Fifteenth Cen-
45. Froissart, iv, 51. tury, 296.
46. In Sarton, III-1, 870. 86. Ibid., 296, 136-7.
47. Castiglioni, Hy of Medicine, 381. 87. Nicolau de Cusa, De concordantia
48. Coulton, Social Life, 330. Catholica, in Hearshaw, Thinkers ofthe Re-
49. Ashley, Introd. to English Economic Hy, II, naissance and Reformation, 44.
318. 88. Figgs, J. N., From Gerson to Grotius, 67.
50. Lecky, Hy ofEuropean Morals, II, 86. 89. In Pastor, II, 137.

51. Ibid. 90. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 528.

52. Beard, C., Luther, 56. 91. In Janssen, I, 3.
53. De Wulf, Hy ofMed. Philosophy, II, 172.
54. Ockham, Super IV Lib. Sentent, I, 27, 2, K,
in Tornay, Ockham, 9.
55. Summa totius logicae, I, 12, in Tornay, 9. CAPÍTULO XIII
56. Tomás de Aquino, Summa theologica, I, ii,
3. 1. Morison, 24. A narração daqui por diante
57. Ockham, Super IV Lib. Sentent., IV, 12, K, segue esta fascinante biografia.
in Tornay, 119. 2. A evidência é apresentada nos primeiros
58. Ibid., I, ii, 6, in Owen, Evenings with the capítulos de Madariaga, S. de, Christopher
Skeptics, II, 375. Columbus, esp. págs. 53-9, e 184.
59. Ibid., I, iii, 2, in Owen, II, 378. 3. Beazley, C. R., in En. Brit., VI, 78.
60. Tornay, 63. 4. Penrose, 10.

61. Gilson, Philosophie au Moyen Âge, II, 104; 1. Yenccy, Medea, 364 e seguintes.
Tornay, 58, 191-2. 6. Morison, 72.
62. Tornay, 186: Owen, II, 377. 7. Roth, C., Jewish Contribution to Civiliza-
63. De Wulf, Med. Philosophy, II, 184; Crump tion, 74.

eJacob, Legacy ofthe Middle Ages, 251. 8. Lea, Spain, 1, 259.

64. Owen, II, 392. 9. Morison, 229.
65. Gilson, Reason and Revelation in the Mid- 10. Ibid., 231-3.
dle Ages, 86. 11. 115.

66. Ockham, Centiloquium theologicum, ix, in 12. David, M., Who Was Columbus?, 70.

Owen, II, 395. 13. Morison, 576.

67. Owen, II, 386. 14. Ibid., 617.

68. Ibid., 396, 399. 15. En. Brit., XXIII, 107. Para uma recente de-
69. Allen, J. W., Hy ofPolitical Thought in the fesa de Vespúcio cf. Arcinegas, G., Amerigo
Sixteenth Century, 124. and the New World.
810 A REFORMA

CAPÍTULO XIV 52. Epistles, II, 120.

53. Carta a Zwingli. 5 de setembro de 1522.
1. Froude, Erasmus, 11. 54. Epistles, II, 421.
2. Um dos muitos bon mots expropriados da 55. "Peace Protests!" in Chapiro, 173, 183.
Sra. Will Durant pela lei da comunhão de 56. Panfleto "On the Immense Mercy of God"
bens. in Bainton, Reformation of the Sexteenth
3. Carta a Wn. Gauden in Froude, Erasmus, Century, 218.
32-3. 57. Froude, 195.
4. In Smith, P., Erasmus, 28. 58. Erasmo, in Praise of Folly, 48.
5. Erasmo, Colloquies, II, 326 e seguintes. 59. Froude, 108.
6. Id., Epistles, I, 127. 60. Folly, 215.
7. Smith, Erasmus, 60; Froude, Erasmus, 45. 61. Froude, 130-1, 144.

8. Smith, Erasmus, 63. 62. Beard, Luther, 97.

9. Erasmo, Epistles, II, 117. 63. Erasmo, Encheiridion, in Beard, 98.

10. Froude, Erasmus, 80. 64. Carta de 25 de março de 1520, in Murray,
11. Smith, 32. Erasmus and Luther, 83.

12. Epistles, 1, 301, 307. 65. Colloquies, I, 98.

13. Froude, 80-1. 66. Ibid., 182.

14. Epistles, 1, 370. 67. Carta de 5 de janeiro de 1523, in Chapiro,

15. Colloquies, II, 13-35. 105.
16. In Froude, 91. 68. Epistles, II, 143; Froude, 171-2.
17. Erasmo, In Praise ofFolly, 14, 30, 33. 69. Epistles, II, 163, 327.
18. Ibid., 51. 70. Smith, Erasmus, 150.
19. 127. 71. Epistles, III, 1.
20. 138. 72. Smith, 155.
21. 67. 73. Cf., e. g., Smith, 176-9.
22. 131-4. 74. Epistles, 1, 42.
23. 86-8. 75. In Froude, 172.
24. 175.
76. Epistles, II, 176.
25. 169-74. 77. Ibid., III, 186.
26. 207. 78. Ibid., 94.
27. Epistles. II, 168. 79. Cartas a Fabricius Capito, 26 de fev. de
28. Sobre a autoria de Erasmo cf. Allen, P. S., 1517, e a Leão X in Epistles, II, 505.521.
The Age of Erasmus, 185-9, e Chambers, R. 80. Epistles, III, 48.
W., Thomas More, 114-5.
29. In Froude, 150-68. CAPÍTULO XV
30. Epistles, III, 418.
31. Colloquies. 1, 298. 1. Bax, German Society at Close ofthe Middle
32. Ibid., 391; 11, 13, 34. Ages, 54-6.
33. Colloquies, 1, 298. 2. Rickard, Man and Metals, II, 562.
34 Ibid., 229, 236. 3. Janssen, II, 39, 41; Kautsky, 91.
35. Ibid., II, 161. 4. Adams, B., Law of Civilization and Decay,
36. 1, 22. 56.
37. I, 24, 35. 5. Strieder,J.,Jacob Fugger, 124.
38. Smith, 299. 6. Ibid., 86-9.
39. Froude, 121 e Smith, 171. 7. Crump, Legacy of Middle Ages, 449; Jans-
40. In Froude, 126. sen, II, 87; Schapiro, J. S., Social Reform
41. Smith, Age ofReformation, 58. and the Reformation, 32.
42. Epistles, II, 400. 8. Janssen, II, 85.
43. Ibid., 464. 9. Ibid., 88.
44. 249. 10. Bax, German Society, 234-5; Schapiro, 29.
45. Erasmo, Education of a Christian Prince, 11. In Schapiro, 30.
173; Smith, Erasmus, 201, 217. 12. Janssen, II, 88; Boissonade, Life and Work
46. Epistles, II, 201. in Medieval Europe, 299.
47. Education, 253. 13. Schapiro, 30.
48. Epistles, II, 517. 14. Ibid., 31.
49. "Peace Protests!" in Chapiro, J., Erasmus 15. Schoenhof, Money and Prices, 72.
and Our Struggle for Peace, 153-65. 16. Janssen, II, 82.
50. Ibid., 168. 17. Ibid., 3.
51. 81.
18. Adams, B., Civilization and Decay. 56.
 NOTAS 811

19. Janssen, II, 60: Francke, Hy of German Li 63. Hughes, P., The Reformation in England.
terature, 103. I, 100; Beard, Luther, 53.

20. Janssen, I, 140. 64. In La Tour, Les origines de la Réforme, II,

21. Erasmo, Epistles, II, 175. 340.

22. Comines, Memoirs, V, 18. 65. In Janssen, 1, 78.

23. Ranke, Reformation, 100, 108-9. 66. In Thompson, Social and Economic Hy.
24. In Villari, Machiavelli, I, 444; Janssen, II, 604.
202. 67. Janssen, I, 108.

25. Creighton, Hy ofthe Papacy, IV, 94. 68. Schoenfeld, Women of the Teutonic Na
26. Janssen, II, 260. tions, 218.
27. Schoenfeld. Women of the Teutonic Na- 69. In Smith, Age ofthe Reformation, 54.
tions, 188 e seguintes. 70. Strauss, D., Ulrich von Hutten, 22.
28. Beard, Luther, 147. 71. Creighton, Hy of the Papacy, VI, 32.
29. Müller-Lyer, Evolution ofModern Marriage, 72. Robertson, J. M.. Hy of Freethought. I,
57. 435.

30. En. Brit., XVIII, 598. 73. Creighton, VI, 31.

31. Schoenfeld, 181. 74. Ibid., 32.
32. Schultz, A., Deutsches Leben in XIV und 75. Acton, Lectures on Modern History. 84.
XVJahrhundert, 1, 277, 283. 76. Ranke, Reformation, 135; Beard. Luther,
33. Lacroix, Prostitution, I, 165-7. 85.

34. Coulton, Medieval Village, 248; Headlam, 77. In Janssen, I, 104.

Nuremberg, 163-4. 78. Strauss, Hutten. 112 e seguintes.
35. Ibid., 164-8. 79. Henderson, E., Hy of Germany in the Mid
36. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 638. dle Ages, 131.
37. In Whitcomb, Literary Source Book of the 80. Janssen, I, 278.
German Renaissance, 63. 81. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 675.
38. Richard, E., Hy of German Civilization. 82. Lacroix, Prostitution. 960.
219. 83. Strauss, 89.

39. Janssen, II, 64. 84. Janssen, III, 74.

40. Ibid., 6. 85. Ibid.

41. Janssen, I, 168. 86. Strauss, 83.

42. Speculum, jan. 1931. 87. Janssen, III, 72.

43. In Headlam, Nuremberg, 208. 88. Carta de nov. de 1519 in Froude, Erasmus.
44. Cf. Glück, Die Kunst der Renaissance in 252.

Deutschland, 100-1; Haug, H., Grüne- 89. Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages. III, 89.
wald, 1-3, 13-18. 90. Janssen, II, 298; Ranke, 140; Beard, Luther,
45. Cf. Bock, Geschichte der Graphischen 48.

Kunst, 260-1. 91. Prefácio à edição de Lutero do Wessel de

46. A atribuição deste quadro a Grünewald foi Farrago in Creighton, Papacy, VI, 7.
feita por Haug. Stänge atribui-o ao Mestre 92. Ranke, 120.

da Casa do Livro. 93. Beard, Luther, 35.

47. N. Y. Times, 7 de abril de 1928. 94. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 106.
48. In Cust, Paintings and Drawings of Al- 95. Tawney, R. H., Religion and the Rise of Ca
brecht Dürer, 17. pitalism, 138.
49. Camerarius in La Fargue, Great Masters, 96. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 106.
197. 97. Janssen, II, 292-6; cf. III, 77, e Catholic En-
50. Panofsky, Dürer, I, 43. cyclopedia, IX, 446.
51. Ibid., 11. 98. Thompson, 500.
52. Ibid., 8. 99. Pastor, VII, 326.
53. Cust, 59; Janssen, XI, 94. 100. In Pastor, II, 413; o grifo é meu.
54. N. Y. Times magazine, 8 de abril de 1928, 101. Pastor, III, 194; 98 e seguintes; Camb.
pág. 11. Mod. Hy, I, 689.
55. Cust, 31. 102. Pastor, VI, 85.

56. In Panofsky, I, 44. 103. Pastor. I. 157-8.

57. Panofsky, II, fig. 171. 104. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 690.
58. Id., I, 6.
59. Ibid., 208. CAPITULO XVI
60. In Scott, W. B., Albert Dürer, 136. 1. Acton, Lectures on Modern Hy. 91;
61. Ibid., 154-6. Thompson, Social and Economic Hy. 425,
62. Janssen, I, 301. 428: Ranke, Reformation, 151.
 812 A REFORMA

2. Friar Myconius in Thatcher, O. J., Source 58. 318.

Bookfor Medieval Hy, 339. 59. Ranke, 215; Pastor, VII, 400-8; Janssen, III,
3. In Robertson, W., Charles V, 372. 30.

4. Pastor, VII, 349. 60. Ranke, 220; Beard, 375.

5. Lutero, Works, 1, 26; Thesis, 75. 61. Hume, M., The Spanish People, 331.
6. Beard, Luther, 257. 62. Adams, Brooks, Civilization and Decay, 98.
7. Acton, 97. 63. Strieder,Jacob Fugger, 153.
8. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 127. 64. Michelet, III, 174.

9. Ranke, Reformation, 154. 65. Thompson, Social and Economic History,

10. Beard, 121; Smith, P., Luther, 2. 428.

11. In D'Arcy, M. C., Thomas Aquinas, 254. 66. Armstrong, E., Charles V, 1, 69.
12. Ranke, 144; Beard, 156. 67. Janssen, III, 173.
13. Beard, 165. 68. Pastor, VII, 423.

14. Lutero, Tischreden, lxxvii, in Gregorovius, 69. Lingard, Hy ofEngland, IV, 225.
Hy of Rome, VIII-1, 249. 70. In Janssen, III, 172; Baiton, Here I Stand,
15. Ganss, H. G., in Cath. En., IX, 441. 175.

16. In Janssen, III, 97. 71. Strauss, 276 e seguintes.

17. Ibid., 89. 72. Beard, 421-3.
18. Cath. En.. IX, 442. 73. Janssen, III, 182.
19. In Pastor, VII, 354. 74. Beard, 432.

20. Cath. En., IX, 443. 75. Bainton, Here I Stand. 185.
21. In Beard, 231-3. 76. Ibid., Schaff, German Reformation, 29.
22. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 132. 77. Bainton, Here 1 Stand, 185; cf. Cath. En.
23. Ranke, 160. IX, 446, e os autores protestantes ali cita-
24. Roscoe, Wm., Leo X. II, 95, 105-7. dos.
25. Pastor, VII, 367. 78. Creighton, Hy of the Papacy, VI, 176.
26. H. von Schubert in Smith, Luther, ix. 79. Carlyle, Thos., Heroes and Hero Worship,
27. In Pastor, VII, 378. 360.

28. Smith, Reformation, 700. 80. Bainton, Here I Stand, 186.

29. Beard, 270. 81. Acton, 101.

30. Ibid., 273-4; Ranke, 195; Cath. En., IX, 82. Bainton, 189.
443; Acton, 94-5. 83. Ibid., 195.
31. Pastor, VII, 382; Beard, 272. 84. Taylor, H. O., Thought and Expression in
32. Smith, Luther, 56. the 16th Century, II, 213.
33. Cath. En., IX, 444. 85. Bax, German Society, 142; Lecky, History
34. Smith, Luther, 71. of Rationalism, 1, 22.
35. Carta de 20 de agosto de 1531, in Froude, 86. Janssen, III, 246-8.
Erasmus, 397. 87. Bainton, 200.
36. In Ledderhose, Life ofMelanchthon. 38. 88. Ibid., 205-6; Ranke, 251.
37. In Beard, 279. 89. Lutero, Works, III, 206-7.
38. In Strauss, Hutten, 263. 90. Ibid., 211.
39. In Pastor, VII, 389; Janssen, III, 111. 91. Ranke, 254.
40. Strauss, 225. 92. Bainton, 208.
41. Werke, VIII, 203, in Beard, 352. 93. Janssen, III, 259.
42. Pastor, VII, 384; Smith, Luther, 75. 94. Ibid., 263.
43. Lutero, Works, II, 63. 95. Bainton, 214.

44. Ibid., 69-70. 96. Beard, 127.

45. 76. 97. Janssen, IV, 98.

46. 78. 98. Smith. Luther, 155.
47. 83-99, o grifo é meu. 99. Ibid., 168.
48. 110-42. 100. 380.
49. 138-9. 101. Froude, Erasmus, 294.
50. Babylonian Captivity, in Works, II, 188. 102. Janssen, XIV, 408.
51. Ibid., 257. 103. Lutero, Table Talk, 118.
52. In Janssen, III, 129. 104. Werke (Walch), VIII, 2042, in Beard, The
53. Works, II, 269-71. Reformation of the 16th Century in Rela-
54. Ibid., 293. tion to Modern Thought and Knowledge.
55. 302-10. 161.

56. 299. 105. Lutero, Table Talk, 353.

57. 331. 106. Lutero, Werke (Erlangen), VI, 142-8, in
 NOTAS 813

Maritain, Three Reformers. 33. e Beard, Re- CAPITULO XVII

formation. 156.
107. In Paulsen, German Education, 47. 1. Richard E., German Civilisation, 250.

108. In Janssen, III, 240. 2. Janssen, III, 214.

109. Schaff, German Reformation. 35-6 3. Pastor, IX, 134.
110. Lutero, T. T., 24. 4. Schapiro, J. S., Social Reform. 34-5.
111. Smith, Luther, xi. 5. Richard, 250; Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 174.
112. T. T., 2. 6. Lutero, Works, III, 204-5.
113. Ibid., 91.96. 7. Camb. Mod. Hy, 11, 183.
114. 67. 8. Janssen, III, 221; Schapiro, 103-14.
115. 15. 9. Janssen, III, 223; Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 177,
116. 797; Smith, Luther, 362. 10. Janssen, III, 342.
117. T. T., 574. 11. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 193.
118. Sermão de 6 de março de 1521; Janssen, 12. Kautsky, 116-119.
XII, 316. 13. Ibid., 121.

119. Maritain, Three Reformers. 30. 14. 130.

120. Smith, Reformation, 653. 15. Ranke, Reformation, 338.
121. Lecky, Rationalism, I, 22. 16. In Kautsky, 139.
122. T. T., 577, 597; Janssen, XIV, 87. 17. Ibid., 144.

123. Janssen, XII, 317. 18. Lutero, Works, IV, 210-16.

124. Lecky, Rationalism. 1, 23. 19. Ibid., 220-1.

125. T. T.,579-86,608. 20. 240.

126. Lutero, W'orks, III, 235.7. 21. 244.

127. Works, II, 391. 22. Ranke, 459.

128. Ibid., 316. 23. Janssen, IV, 166; Bax, Peasants' War, 79-
129. T. T., 283. 84.

130. Romanos, x, 9. 24. Ranke, 348-9.

131. Marcos, xvi, 16. 25. Robinson, J. H., Readings in European Hy,
132. Works, II, 316. 289 e seguintes; Bax, Peasants' War. 156-
133. Werke, XL, 436; XXV, 330, 142, 130; 60.

Werke (Erlangen), XVIII, 260. 26. Ranke, 344.

134. Werke (Erlangen), XX, 58; LX, 107-8; 27. Bax, Peasants War, 101.

Werke (Weimar), X-2, 276. 28. Ibid., 118-30.

135. O'Brien, G., Economic Effects oftheRefor 29. In Janssen, IV, 208.
mation. 41. 30. Bax, 76, 224.

136. Works, II, 328-9. 31. Ibid., 205.

137. Ibid., 331. 32. 229.

138. Romanos, ix, 18. 33. Lutero, Works, IV, 248-54.

139. Lutero, De servo arbitrio, in Janssen, IV, 34. Bax, 265-6.

104. 35. Ibid., 312-5.

140. De servo arbitrio, in Lecky, Rationalism, I, 36. 303.

140. 37. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 191.

141. In Fülöp-Miller, R., Saints That Moved the 38. Bax, 336-7.

World, 291. 39. Armstrong, Charles V, 1, 222.

142. Janssen, IV, 114. 40. Ranke, 360.

143. T..T., 96. 41. Schapiro, 86; Smith, Luther, 164.

144. Ibid., 178. 42. Ibid., 165.

145. Works, II, 188. 43. 164.

146. Werke, XXVIII, 142-201, in Bax, German 44. Works, IV, 261.

Society, 188-90. 45. Ibid., 261-72.

147. Works, III, 258-61. 46. Camb. Mod. Hy, 11, 192.
148. In Janssen, III, 268. 47. Ranke, 728.

149. In Allen,J. W., Political Thought. 330. 48. Payne, E. A., Anabaptists, 11.
150. Works, IV, 25. 49. Kautsky, 164.
151. Ibid., 26, 29. 50. Ibid., 166.
152. Works, II, 160. 51. Allen, Political Thought, 43.
153. Ibid., IV, 35. 52. Ranke, 732-3.
53. Schaff, Swiss Reformation, 82.
54. Janssen. IV, 114.
55. Kautsky, 176.
814 A REFORMA

56. Ibid., 185. 9. T. T., 715.

57. 187. 10. Bainton, 301.
58. Ranke, 729. 11. T. T., 737.

59. Kautsky, 192. 12. Ibid., 751.

60. Ranke, 757. 13. In Schaff, Swiss Reformation, 417.
61. Kautsky, 255-6. 14. In Fosdick, 71.

62. Ibid., 257. 15. Smith, Luther, 354.

63. 260. 16. Schaff, German Reformation. 465.
64. 273. 17. Bainton, 304.
65. Ranke, 745-6. 18. Smith, 320.
66. Smithson, R.J., Anabaptists, 179-80. 19. Carta ao Papa Leão, 1520.
67. Kautsky, 290; Ranke, 755. 20. Lutero, Works, I, 7.
68. Smithson, 181. 21. Janssen. XI, 349; Lutero, Works, II, 231;
69. Fosdick, Great Voices of the Reformation, Bainton, 295.
285. 22. Bainton, 295.

70. Payne, Anabaptists, 16. 23. Janssen, III, 242.

24. Werke, VIII, 624, in Maritain, 188.

25. In Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds,

CAPÍTULO XVIII 207.

26. T. T., 462.

1. Cath. En., XV, 773. 27. Werke, XXV, 108, in Cath. En., IX, 447.
2. Schaff, Swiss Ref.. 6. 28. T. T., 319.
3. Ibid. 29. Gasquet, Eve to the Reformation, 173.
4. Hughes, Reformation, I, 124. 30. Smith, Luther, 407; Bainton, Here I Stand.
5. Schaff, 24. 295.

6. Camb. Mod. Hy., II, 713. 31. Smith, 355.

7. Schaff, 32. 32. Ibid., 326.
8. Ranke, 513. 33. In Janssen, XI, 253.
9. Schaff, 52-3. 34. Bainton, 225.
10. Fosdick, 183. 35. T. T., 100.
11. Ibid., 173, 191. 36. Smith, Luther, 322.
12. Lea, Auricular Confession, 1, 519. 37. Ibid., 349.
13. Fosdick, 190. 38. Ibid.
14. Schaff, 59. 39. Janssen, XII, 16, T. T. 114
15. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 321, 334. 40. Ibid., 257.
16. Smith, Erasmus, 391. 41. 91, 96.
17. Schaff, 94. 42. 780.

18. Bainton, Hunted Heretic, 36-8. 43. Jusserand, Literary History ofthe
19. Erasmo, Epístola de 9 de maio de 1529, in English People, II, 167.
Schaff, Swiss Reformation. 112. 44. T. T., 841.

20. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 207-10. 45.. Ibid., 413.

21. In Janssen, V, 231. 46. Lutero, Works, I, 76.

22. Schaff, 177. 47. Ibid., 142.
23. Ibid. 48. Works, III, 251.
24. Bossuet, Variations, II, 29. 49. Bainton, Here, 314.

25. En. Brit., XXIII, 998. 50. Works, III, 204, 207.
26. Schaff, 188. 51. Prefácio ao Catecismo Menor.

27. Smith, Luther, 290. 52. Werke (Erlangen), XXIX, 46-74, in Jewish
28. T. T., 801. Encyc., VIII, 213.
53. T.T., 275.
CAPÍTULO XIX 54. Werke (Erlangen), XXXII, 217-33, in Jans-
sen, III, 211-12.
1. Coleção Kauffmann Berlim. 55 Werke (Erlangen), XXVIII, 144, in Maritain.
2. Werke, XLII, 582, in Maritain, 171. 15.

3. Werke, X-2, 304, in Maritain, 171. 56. Carta de 26 de agosto de 1529, a Jos Metsch,
4. T. T., 715. in Smith, Luther, 218.

5. Ibid., 752. 57. In Froude, Erasmus, 389.

6. Maulde, Women ofthe Renaissance, 467. 58. T. T., 61.
7. Werke, X-2, 301, in Maritain. 184. 59. Putnam, Books, II, 244.
8. Bainton, Here I Stand, 299. 60. Werke, XXXI-1, 208 e seguintes.
 NOTAS 815

61. Werke (Erlangen), XVI, in Allen, Political CAPÍTULO XX

Thought. 27.
62. Bax, Peasants 'War, 352.
63. Smith, Luther, 1. Janssen, IV, 62.
64. Id., Reformation. 645. 2. Cf. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 159.
65. Janssen, IV, 140-1. 3. Janssen, VI, 534.
66. Murray, Erasmus and Luther, 366. 4. Janssen, V, 277.
67. Janssen XIV, 503. 5. Lea, Clerical Celibacy, 530.
68. Janssen, V, 290. 6. Janssen, VII. 247.
69. Lutero, Comentário ao Salmo LXXXII. 7. Id., IV, 47.
70. Janssen, V, 491, 502, 505. 8. Id., IX, 130

9. Id., XIII, 24.

71. Jansen, VI, 46-63, 181, 190, 208-14, 348-49;
Lecky, Rationalism, II, 15. 10 Froude, Erasmus. 387.

72. Janssen, IV, 232 e seguintes. 11. Vambéry, 283.

12. Janssen, IV, 119.
73. Lea, Studies in Church History, 492.
13. Ibid., 109-11.
74. T. T., 389.
14. En. Birt., XI, 288.
75. Smith, Reformation, 104; Panofsky, Dürer,
I, 233; Cath. En., IX, 447. 15. Janssen, V. 271; Ranke, 614.
76. Janssen, III, 198. 16. Cath. En., XI, 453.
77. Ibid. 342.
17. Camb. Mod. Hy. II, 219.
18. Janssen, V, 423.
78. Robertson, J. M., Freethought, 1.455.
19. Lutero, Works, V, 128; Pastor, XI, 69, 81-7.
79. Erasmo, carta a Pirkheimer, 21 de fevereiro de
1529.
20. Janssen, V, 495 e seguintes: Camb. Mod. Hy.
II, 233.
80. Janssen, III, 361
21. Pastor, XI, 362-3.
81. Strauss, Hutten, 290.
22. Ibid., 375-98.
82. Smith, Erasmus, 233.
23. Ledderhose, 177-82.
83. In Michelet, III, 170.
24. Ibid., 188.
84. Smith, Erasmus, 334.
25. Cath. En., IX, 452.
85. Carta de 5 de março de 1518.
26. In Bainton, Here I Stand. 346.
86. Carta de 17 de outubro de 1518.
27. Pastor, XI, 67.
87. In Froude, Erasmus, 139.
88. Smith, Erasmus, 219. 28. Smith, Luther, 309.

89. Ibid, 221. 29. Werke (Walch), XX, 223, in Cath. En., IX,
456.
90. Ibid., 22, Froude, Erasmus, 233-4
30. Lutero, Works, V, 163.
91 In Murray, Erasmus, 76
92. Froude, 270-2. 31. In Tawney, Religion and the Rise ofCapita-
lism, 101; Bainton, Here I Stand. 238.
93. Smith, Erasmus, 241.
32. Werke, XIX, 626, in Allen. Political
94. Ibid., 255.

95. Erasmus, Epistles, I. ep. XXXV. Thought, 22.

33. Bax, Peasants 'War, 351.
96. Ibid., ep. CCCLXVI.
97. Froude, 308. 34. Werke. XV, 276, in Bax, 352.
35. Smith, Luthir, 374.
98. Carta de fevereiro de 1523, in Froude, 310.
36. Carta de 3 de setembro de 1531..
99. Acton, 105; Lecky, Rationalism, 1, 140.
. 37. Smith, 196.
38. In Bebel, Woman under Socialism, 68.
101. Bainton, Here I Stand, 254-5.
102. Froude, 340, 381. 39. Janssen, VI, 81-6.
40. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 241.
103. In Allen, Political Thought, 80.
41. Ledderhose, 170.
104. Froude, 403.
105. Ibid., 352. 42. Janssen, VI, 122.
106. In Froude, 400. 43. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 241.
44. In Smith, Luther, 399 e seguintes; Pastor, XI,
107. Erasmo, Hyperaspistes
108. In Froude, 352.
215 e seguintes.
45. Werke, XXV, 124-55, in Janssen, VI, 271-2,
109. Walpole, H., Letters, III, 184.
110. Beard, Luther. 93. e Pastor, XII, 216 e seguintes.
111. Acton, 89. 46. Weber, Hermann, On Means for the Prolon-
gation of Life, 48.
47. Smith, Luther, 405.
48. Ibid., 409.
49. James, Wm., Varieties of Religious Belief.
137.
 816 A REFORMA

50. Ibid. 37. Ibid., Schaff, 491.

51. T. T.. 633. 38. Ibid., 492.

52. Ibid., 15. 39. O'Brien, Economic Effects. 101.

53. 19. 40. Segundo Weber, Max, The Protestant Ethic
54. 235. and the Spirit of Capitalism, passim: Barnes,
55. In Robertson, Charles V, II, 158. Economic Hy of the Western World, 201-2; e
56. Smith, Luther, 419. O'Brien, 129.
57. Armstrong Charles V, I, 138. 41. Institutes, III, vii, 5.

58. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 276. 42. Cf. O'Brien, 100.
59. Ibid., 278. 43. Ibid., 20.
60. Schaff, Swiss Reformation, 387, 548; Janssen, 44. Tawney, 119.
XIV, 149. 45. Bernes, Economic History, 201.
61. Id., VII, 139. 46. Schaff, 644.

62. Id., IV, 362-3; Schapiro, 78; Allen, Political 47. Beard, The Reformation, 252; Muir, John
Thoughts, 33. Knox, 108.

63. In La Tour, IV, 161. 48. Smith, Reformation. 174.

64. in Janssen, VII, 139. 49. Schaff, 519.
50. Ibid., 839.
CAPÍTULO XXI 51. La Tour, IV, 206.
52. Schaff, 739.
1. Cath. En., III, 196. 53. La Tour, IV, 200; Schaff, 594.
2. Beza in Schaff, Swiss Ref., 302. 54. Schaff, 618.
3. La Tour, IV, 11. 55. Ibid., 502.
4. Calvin, Institutes, Prefácio, 20-2, 39-40. 56. Robertson, J. M., Freethought, I, 443-4.
5. Institutes I, viii, 1. 57. Servet, De Trinitatis erronbus. i, 94, in
6. Ibid., II, v. 19. Bainton, Hunted Heretic, 48.
7. Efésios i, 3-7. 58 Servet, ibid., i, 34; Newman, L. I., Jewish
8. Institutes III, xxi-xxii. Influence on Christian Reform Movements,
9. Romanos, ix, 15. 584.

10. Institutes II, xxi, 7. 59. Bainton, Hunted Heretic, 144.

11. Consensus Genevensis in Schaff, Swiss Ref. 60. Ibid.
554. 61. Ibid., 147.
12. Institutes III, xxi, 1. 62. Schaff, 733.
13. Ibid. 63. Bury, J. B., History of Freedom ofThought.
14. III, xxiii, 7. 64.

15. IV, i, 10. 64. Schaff, 770.

16. IV, i, 4. 65. Ibid., 764, 773; Bainton, 191.
17. Allen, Political Thoughts, 61; Hernsh- 66. Bainton, 188.
aw, Thinkers of the Renaissance and the Re- 67. Schaff, 777.
formation, 211. 68. Ibid., 778.
18. Institutes, IV, xix, 3. 69. Bainton, 185.
19. III, xxi, 1. 70. Ibid., 209-11; Schaff, 710, 781-4.
20. Schaff, 558. 71. Schaff, 784.

21. Institutes III, ix, 4. 72. Walker, John Calvin, 425.

22. Ibid. 73. Schaff, 707-8.
23. III, ix, 6. 74. Ibid.

24. A favor: La Tour, IV, 32, e Camb. Mod. Hy, 75. 709.

II, 358; contra: Cath. En., III, 196. 76. In Allen, Political Thought, 87.
25. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 360. 77. Castellio in Allen, 90-4; Haydn, Counter
26. Robinson, Readings, 299. Renaissance, 104.
27. Schaff, 361. 78. In Allen, 98.
28. Ibid., 414. 79. Time magazine, 22 de fevereiro de 1954.
29. 412 80. Schaff, 652.
30. 426.

31. 437 CAPÍTULO XXII

32. Robinson, Readings, 300.
33. La Tour, IV, 178. 1. In Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1142.
34. Villari, Savonarola, 491. 2. Ibid., 1141.

35. Schaff, 492. 3. 1130.

36. Beard, The Reformation, 250. 4. Taylor, R., Leonardo, 444.

 NOTAS 817

5. Sichel, Catherine de 'Medici and the French 59. Ibid., 116.

Reformation, 38. 60. Camb. Mod Hy, III, 105.
6. Erasmo, Colloques. II, 54. 61. Guizot. III, 129; Robertson, Charles V. II,
7. Erasmo, Epistles, II, 468. 57-60.

8. Michelet, III. 175. 62. Michelet, III, 316; Camb. Mod. Hy, 11, 77.
9. E. g., Aretino, La cortigiana, in Dialogues, 63. Janssen, VI, 358.
228. 64. Michelet, III, 293-4.
10. Batiffol, Century ofthe Renaissance, 44. 65. Hackett, Francis I, 428.
11. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1131. 66. Brantôme in Guizot, III, 192.
12. Cellini, Autobiography. ii, 10. 67. Sichel, Catherine, 51.

13. Guizot, Hy of France. III, 81. 68. D'Orliac, The Moon Mistress, 186.
14. Ibid., Michelet, III, 218. 69. Janssen, VI, 359.
15. Michelet, III, 148. 70. Michelet, III, 366..
16. Sichel, Women and Men of the French Re- 71. Guizot, III, 281.
naissance, 87. 72. Pastor, XII, 486.
17. Ibid. 73. Batiffol, 175.
18. Michelet, III, 135. 74. Robertson, Charles V. II, 351.
19. Sichel, Women. 193. 75. Guizot, III, 261.
20. Faguet, Literary History of France, 281.
21. Margarida, rainha de Navarra, Heptameron, CAPÍTULO XXIII
xli.
22. In Maulde, 354. 1. Pollard, Henry VIII, 39.
23. Margarida, Heptameron. 36. 2. Froude. Frasmus, 142.
24. In Maulde, 53. 3. Chambers, Thomas More, 99.
25. Ibid., 297. 4. Erasmo, Epistles, 1, 457.
26. In Sichel, Women, 195. 5. Froude, Henry VIII, 1, 30; Ep. 447 in Frou-
27. Ibid., 371. de, Erasmus, 107.
28. 180. 6. Seebohm, Oxford Reformers. 261-6
29. Boyd, French Renaissance, 25. 7. Erasmo, Epistles, II, 546.
30. Sichel, Catherine de Medici and the French 8. Guicciardini, VIII, 126.
Reformation, 138. 9. Pollard, 67.
31. Sichel, Women, 104. 10. Creighton, Cardinal Wolsey, 48.
32. Michelet, III, 136. 11. Gasquet, Henry VIII and the English Monas
33. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 659. teries, 1, 69.
34. Ibid. 12. Robinson, J. H., Readings, 303.
35. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1247. 13. Burnet, History ofthe Reformation, 1, 6.
36: Margarida, Heptameron, Tale, 22. 14. Chambers, More, 158; Hughes, Reforma
37. Ibid., xlii. tion, I, 80.

38. In Guizot, III, 187. 15. Ibid.

39. Ibid., 196. 16. Creighton, Wolsey, 59.

40. 197. 17. Burnet, 1, 15.
41. Roeder, Catherine de 'Medici, 54. 18. Lingard, IV, 192.
42. La Tour, II, 237 e seguintes. 19. Robinson, Readings, 303.
43. Michelet. III, 216. 20. Pollard, 110.
44. Guizot, III, 216. 21. Robinson, 1.

45. Schaff, Swiss Reformation, 320. 22. Lingard, IV, 193; Chambers, More, 173-4;
46. Ibid., 320; La Tour, II, 556-7. Hughes, 1, 109.
47. Sichel, Women, 18. 23. Froude, Henry VIII, 1, 60; mas cf. Hughes, I.
48. Guizot, III, 220. 58 e seguintes.
49. La Tour, II, 612. 24. Hughes, I, 103.
50. Michelet, III, 319; Guizot, III, 229; Camb. 25. Belloc, How the Reformation Happened,
Mod. Hy, II, 289. 117.

51. Guizot, III, 15. 26. Seebohm, 230-46.

52. Ibid.. 73. 27. Coulton, Panorama, 718.
53. Ibid., 91; Michelet, III. 239. 28. Froude, Henry VIII, II, 114.5.
54. Guizot, III, 95. 29. Hughes, 1, 49-50.
55. Ibid., 91. 30. Froude, I, 350.

56. Michelet, III, 244. 31. Hughes, I. 50-66.

57. Robertson, W., Charles V, 538. 32. Gasquet, Monasteries. II. 237; Trevelyan.
58. Guizot, III, 105-6. English Social Hy. 73.
 818 A REFORMA

33. Ibid. 8. Sichel, Women, 176.

34. Hughes, 1, 57-8. 9. Lingard, IV, 273.
35. Coulton, Panorama, 554. 10. Prescott, H. F. Mary Tudor, 38.
36. Hughes, I, 150. 11. Schuster, M. L., Treasury of the World's
37. Ibid., 127-9. Great Letters, 77.
38. 202. 12. Froude, Henry VIII. I, 218.
39. Smith, Luther, 193. 13. Ibid., 265.
40. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages. II, 143; 14. Pollard, 187.
Gasquet, Eve, 213. 15. Ibid., 300.

41. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 640. 16. Gasquet, Monasteries. I, 122, 129, 134 e se-
42. Beard, Reformation, 395. guintes.
43. Ibid. 17. Pollard, 304-5.

44. Hughes, 1, 146. 18. Chambers, More, 323, 326; Lingard, IV, 19.
45. Froude, I, 319, 336. 19. Froude, Henry VIII, II, 82.
46. Burnet, I. 16. 20. Burnet, I, 123-5.
47. Gasquet, Monasteries, I, 85-8. 21. Erasmo, Epistles, II, 186.
48. Froude, I, 81. 22. Pollard, 305; Froude, Council ofTrent, 116-
49. Burnet, I, 26. 7.

50. Hughes, 1, 67-70. 23. Chambers, More, 334.

51. Pollard, 174. 24. Prescott, Mary Tudor, 60.
52. Burnet, I. 27. 25. Roper, More, 46.
53. Pollard, 76, 176. 26. Hughes, 1, 345.
54. Froude, 1, 74. 27. Cf., e. g., Chambers, More, 191. 193.
55. Pollard, 183. 28. Erasmo, Epistles, II, 427.
56. Ibid., 135. 29. Jusserand, Wayfaring Life, 354.
57. Froude, Divorce ofCatherine ofAragon, 47. 30. Froude, Erasmus, 103-7; Chambers, More,
58. Pastor, X, 241. 75.
59. Froude, Divorce, 47. 31. Chapiro, 36.
60. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 431. 32. Erasmo, Epistles, II, 423.
61. Pastor, X, 244. 33. Chambers, More, 125.
62. Pollard, 207. 34. More, Utopia, 168.
63. Ibid., 208. 35. Ibid., 213.
64. Pastor, X, 257-8; Hughes, I, 175-9; Acton, 36. 247.
139. 37. Ibid.
65. Hughes, 1, 176. 38. 303.

66. Pastor, X, 267. 39. 322-5.

67. Pollard, 225. 40. 323.
68. Burnet, I, 55. 41. 320.

69. Froude, Reign of Elizabeth, III, 259. 42. 335.

70. Froude, Divorce, 190. 43. 290-1.
71. Hughes, 1, 181. 44. 215, 347, 209.

72. Cavendish, Life of Wolsey, in Froude, Henry 45. 178-9.

VIII, III, 115. 46. 343-4.
73. Creighton, Wolsey, 186. 47. Froude, Henry VIII, I, 347.
74. Pollard, 223-4. 48. Chambers, More, 276.
75. Creighton, 185. 49. Ibid., 281.
76. Burnet, 1, 61. 50. Cf. Coulton, Panorama, 709.
77. Creighton, 194. 51. More, English Works, 586, in Taylor,
78. Froude, Divorce, 138. Thought and Expression, II, 68.
79. Creighton, 205. 52. Roper, 89.
53. Ibid., 109.
CAPITULO XXIV 54. Hearnshaw, Thinkers of the Renaissance.
146.

1. Froude, Divorce, 166, 81. 55. Roper, 126.

2. Pollard, 250-1. 56. Chambers, More, 349.
3. Trevelyan, Social Hy. 102. 57. Froude, Henry VIII, II, 95.
4. Pollard, 237. 58. Erasmo, Cartas de 24 e 31 de agosto de 1535.
5. Froude, Henry VIII. I, 128-35. 59. Roper, 127.
6. Ibid., 139. 60. Chambers, 277.
7. 162.
61. Burnet, 1, 143.
 NOTAS 819

62. Prescott, Mary Tudor. 50; Pollard, 304. 35. Froude, Edward VI. 69.
63. Froude, Henry VIII. II. 142. 36. Froude, Henry VIII. 1, 52-5; II, 137; Traill,
64. Burnet, 1, 113 III, 250; Marx, Capital, 1, 806.
65. Prescott. Mary Tudor. 70. 37. Trevelyan, Social Hy, 137.
66. Pollard, 343. 38. Froude, Henry VIII, 1, 16
67. Ibid. 39 Rogers, J., Six Centuries of Work and Wa
68. Froude, Henry VIII. II, 159. ges, 78.
69. Lingard, V. 37. 40. Hughes, 1, 29.
70. Froude, II, 171. 41. Traill, III, 127.
71. Pollard, 346. 42. Hughes, 1, 159.
72. Ibid., 305. 43. Lingard, V, 61.
73. Froude, Henry VIII, III, 26. 44. Pollard, 403.
74. Ibid., II, 204 45. Lingard, V, 76.
46. Lees-Milne, Tudor Renaissance, 21.
47. Froude, Henry VIII, III, 281-2.
CAPÍTULO XXV 48. Ibid., 402-6.

49. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 459; Traill, iii, 65.

50. In Coulton, Medieval Village, diverge. Cf.
1. C. R. Beazley in Traill, Social England, III, Froude, Henry VIII, 1, 43.
49. 51. Rogers, 79 e seguintes.
2. Gasquet, Eve, 397-8.
3. Montesquieu, Spirit ofLaws, xii, 10. CAPITULO XXVI
4. Froude, Henry VIII, II, 116.
5. Ibid., 240. 1. Stow's Chronicle, in Froude, Edward VI, 21.
6. Pollard, 337; Gasquet, Monasteries, I, 254- 2. Ibid., 34.
336. 3. Hughes, II, 162; Camb. Mod. Hy. II, 490-1
7. Pollard, 339. 4. Rogers, 89.
8. Froude, II, 119-26. 5. Froude, Edward, 165.
9. Ashley, Economic Hy, II, 312. 6. Ibid., 183; Prescott, Mary Tudor. 25.
10. Gasquet, 1, 341-3. 7. Hughes, II, 192-3.
11. Ibid., 291-5. 8. Robertson, Freethought. 1, 459.
12. Froude, II, 240. 9. Froude, Edward. 98-101
13. Gasquet, II, 82. 10. Ibid., 163.
14. Ibid., I. 408-9. 11. Camb. Mod. Hy. II, 502.
15. Froude, II, 56. 12. Froude, Edward. 156.
16. Gasquet, 1, 363; II, 33, 323. 13. Ibid., 278.
17. Ibid., II. 386-7,438. 14. Ibid.

18. Hughes, 1, 328. 15. 163.

19. Gasquet, II, 447-8. 16. 176; Lingard, V, 228.

20. Traill, III, 129. 17. Froude, 176.
21. Salzman, English Industries, 232; Camb. 18. Ibid., 209.
Mod. Hy. II, 467. 19. Camb. Mod. Hy. II, 301.
22. Lecky, Rationalism, II, 126: Ashley, II, 316, 20. Froude, 226.

Trevelyan. SocialHy. 112. 21. Cf. Prescott, Mary Tudor. 17.

23. Trail. III. 128. 22. En. Brit., XIV, 1001.
24. D'Alton, E. A., Hy of Ireland, II, 382-7; 23. Chapuys in Prescott, 50, 54.
Joyce, Short Hy ofIreland, 317-20. 24. Ibid.

25. D'Alton, 530 e seguintes; Froude, Henry 25. En. Brit.. XIV, 1000.
VIII. III, 166. 26. Prescott, 122.

26. Pollard, 438. 27. Ibid., 209.

27. Froude, III, 280. 28. Pastor, XIV. 399.

28 Pocock in English Historical Review, Vol. X, 29. Froude, Mary Tudor, 44.
p. 421. 30. Prescott, 191-2.
29. Froude, III, 280. 31. Ibid., 194.

30. Id., II. 363. 32. 196.

31. II, 23-4; Pollard, 390-1. 33. Froude, Mary Tudor, 66.
32. Lingard. V, 73-4; Pollard, 400; Froude, III. 34. Hughes, 1, 18.
104 35. Froude, 56.

33. Froude, Edward VI, 68. 36. Ibid., 50.

34. Ashley, II, 351. 37. 56.
820 A REFORMA

38. Prescott, 285. 18. Ibid., 133.

39. Ibid., 247. 19. 120.
40. 266. 20. 202.

41. 284. 21. Froude, Elizabeth, I. 257.

42. 315. 22. Allen, Political Thought, 110.
43. Froude, 325. 23. Knox, History, Introd, 1xxiii; Muir, 67.
44. Prescott, 325. 24. Knox, I, 194 e nota 2.

45. Lingard, V, 230. 25. Knox, Introd., xlv; cf. Muir, 300.
46. Prescott, 206. 26. Muir, 157.
47. Ibid., 302. 27. Lang, II, 37.
48. 304. 28. Knox, II, 18.
49. Pastor, XIV, 360. 29. Ibid., 4.
50. Froude, 119. 30. 1, 6.
51. Prescott, 307. 31. Knox, Introd., xli.
52. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 543. 32. Ibid., xxxix.
53. Froude, 110. 33. Knox, Works, IV, 365, 373-7.
54. Prescott, 311. 34. Ibid., 418-20.
55. Foxe, Acts and Monuments, I, 231 e seguin- 35. Knox, Book of Discipline, in Allen, Political
tes; Maitland, S. R., Essays on the Reforma- Thought, 113.
tion. 409; Smith, Reformation. 586; Lee, 36. Ibid., 113; Lecky, Rationalism, II, 16.
Sidney, Dictionary of National Biography, 37. Knox, Introd., xlii, e Allen, 113.
XX, 146. 38. In Muir, 142.

56 Hughes, II, 258-9. 39. Ibid., 148-9.

57. Froude, Mary Tudor, 199. 40. Lang, II, 45.

58. Lingard, V, 231. 41. Knox, I, 161-2.

59. Pastor, XIV, 370. 42. Ibid.

60. Froude, 202. 43. 163.

61. Ibid., 233. 44. Lang, II, 51-3.

62. Foxe, VIII, 82-3. 45. Knox, I, 164.
63. Ibid., 88. 46. Ibid., 171-2.
64. 90. 47. 182; Lang, II, 54-5.
65. Froude, 235. 48. Knox, I, 191.
66. Beard, Reformation, 182. 49. Knox, II, Apêndice VI.
67. Hughes, II, 198.
68. Hume, Spain: Its Greatness and Decay. 117.
69. Prescott, 332. CAPÍTULO XXVIII
70. Ibid., 381.
71. 390. 1. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 602; En. Brit., VII, 210.
2. Watson, P. B., Swedish Revolution under
CAPÍTULO XXVII Gustavus Vasa, 123.
3. Ibid., 162.

1. Cf. Buckle, Hy of Civilization, II, cap. ii. 4. 169.

2. Ibid., I, 150; Belloc, How the Reformation 5. Horn, Literature ofthe Scandinavian North,
147.
Happened. 188.
3. Ibid., 189. 6. In Lednicki, Life and Culture of Poland.
4. Lang, Hy ofScotland, 1, 425. 107.

5. Froude, Elizabeth, I, 73. 7. Kesten, Copernicus, 144.

6. Knox, Hy of the Reformation, Introd. por 8. Camb. Hy ofPoland. 1, 322-4.
W. C. Dickinson, xvii. 9. Ibid., 329.
7. Lang, I, 300. 10. Lützow, Bohemia, 206.

8. Ibid., 476. 11. Tawney, 75.

9. Froude, Henry VIII. III, 298. 12. Blok, II, 331.

10. Ibid., 295, 300. 13. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 63; Taine, Lectures on
11. Knox, History. 1, 76. Art, 272.

12. Ibid., 78. 14. Pirenne, H., Belgian Democracy. 218.

13. 8. 15. Motley, J. L., Rise of the Dutch Republic. I,
14. 55. 101.

15. Lang, 1, 484. 16. Smith, Reformation. 240.

16. Knox, 1, 84-5. 17. Block, II, 314.
17. Muir, Knox. 119. 18. In Kautsky. 283.
 NOTAS 821

19. Smith, 244. 6. Browne, III, 289.

20. Kautsky, 285 e seguintes: Ranke, 75 e se- 7. Ibid., 277.

guintes. 8. Hafiz, tr. Streit, 80.

21. Motley, I, 222-5. 9. In Gottheil, ed., Literature ofPersia, 1, 408.
22. Smith, 245. 10. Hafiz, tr. Streit, estrofes 10, 11, 19, 21, 49.
23. Draper,J. W., Intellectual Development ofEu- 11. Bell, G. L., Poems from the Divan of Hafiz,
xxiii.
rope, II, 226.
24. Smith, 245. 12. Ouseley, G., Biographical Notices ofPersian
25. Armstrong, Charles V. II, 382-3; Robertson, Poets, 23 e seguintes.
Charles V, II, 137; Michelet, III, 293. 13. In Grousset, R., Civilizations of the East, I,
26. Ibid., 363. 338-9.

27. 349. 14. Hafiz, tr. Streit, 65.

28. Robinson, Readings, 317-9. 15. Ibid., estrofes, 38.
29. Altamira, Hy ofSpanish Civilization, 135.. 16. Bell, estrofes xliii.

30. Hume, Spanish People, 222-3. 17. Clavijo, 181.

31. Vernadsky, G., Kievan Russia, 243. 18. Ibid., 137.

32. Wilkins, Spanish Protestantism in the 16th 19. Browne, III, 185. Alguns afirmam que o de-
Century. 19. feito de Timur foi adquirido em um período
33. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, IV, 8-12. posterior; como Clavijo, 210, e Sykes, P.,
34. Wilkins, 26; Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 403. History ofPersia, II, 121.
35. Lea, IV, 431-8. 20. Timur, Mulfuzat, vol. 26.
36. Ibid., 441. 21. Browne, III, 186.
37. Prescott, W. H. in Robertson, Charles V, II, 22. Ibid., 178; Lamb, 150.
648. 23. Browne, III, 189.
24. Ibid., 190.
25. Clavijo, 132.
CAPÍTULO XXIX 26. Ibid., 151, 278.
27. Ibid., 249.
28. Pope, A. U., Masterpieces of Persian Art.
1. Waliszewski, Ivan the Terrible, 95. 149.

.2. Rambaud, Hy ofRussia, I, 286. 29. Dawlatshah in Browne, III, 501.

3. Waliszewski, Ivan, 68. 30. Ibn Khaldun, Les Prolegomènes, I, p. lxxii.
4. Eckhardt, Russia, 29. 31. Lane-Poole, S., Cairo, 50.
5. Réau, L'art russe, I, 244.. 32. Gibbons, H. A., Foundation of the Otto

6. Kluchevsky, Hy ofRussia, 1, 275. man Empire, 150.

7. Pokrovsky, Hy ofRussia, 104. 33. Froissart, J., Chronicles, iv, 90.
8. Vernadsky, Hy ofRussia, 55. 34. Lane-Poole, S., Story ofTurkey, 97.
9. Rambaud, I, 253. 35. Cambridge Modern History, IV, 705.
10. Kluchevsky, I, 75,95. 36. Vambery, A., Story ofHungary, 282.
11. Pokrovsky. 144. 37. Gibb, E.J., Ottoman Literature, 3.
12. Rambaud, 1, 266; Waliszewski, Ivan, 267. 38. Ibid., 209 e seguintes.
13. Ibid., 268, 272. 39. Browne, III, 455)
14. Pokrovsky, 157. 40. Jami, Mulla Nuru' d-Din, tr. E. Fitzgerald,
15. Waliszewski, 258. 69.

16. Rambaud, I, 300. 41. Pope, Masterpieces, 146.

17. Réau, I, 272. 42. Davis, F. H., Persian Mystics: Jami, 71.
18. Waliszewski, 374. 43. Clavijo, 153.
19. Roeder, Catherine de Medici, 495. 44. Saladin, H., e Migeon, G., Manuel d'art
20. Waliszewski, 381. musulmane, I, 357.
45. Cf. Pope, A. U., Survey of Persian Art, IV,
428 e seguintes.
CAPÍTULO XXX 46. Ibid., III, 1324.

47. Sykes, II, 155.

48. In Dimand, M. S., Handbook ofMuhamma-
1. Browne, E. G., Literary Hy of Persia, III, 43. dan Art, 42.

2. Lamb, H., Tamerlane, 293. 49. Arnold, T., e Guillaume, A., Legacy of Is-
3. Clavijo, Embassy to Tamerlane. 153. lam, 96.

4. Bulletin of the American Institute for Ira- 50. Ibn Battuta, M., Travels, tr. H. A., Gibb,
148.
niam Art, June, 1938, 248-52.
5. Arnold, T. W., Painting in Islam, 93. 51. Ibid., 57.
822 A REFORMA

52. Sarton, G., Introd. to the History ofScience, 16. Guicciardini, F., History of the Wars in Ita
II-2, 1100. ly, VIII, 12; Schevill, F., History of the Bal-
53. Arnold, Legacy ofIslam, 340. kan Peninsula, 217; Camb. Mod. Hy. I, 93.
54. Ibn Khaldun, Prolegomènes, 1, p. xxx. 17. Merriman, 60.
55. Ibid., 1xxiii. 18. Ibid., 61.
56. Ibid., 4. 19. Bury, J. B., in Camb. Mod. Hy. I. 93.
57. 71. 20. Merriman, 72.
58. 12. 21. Camb. Mod. Hy. 94-5.
59. 67. 22. Ibid., 95.
60. Boer, T., History of Philosophy in Islam, 23. Ranke, L. von, History ofthe Reformation in
203. Germany, 579.
61. Ibid., 205. 24. Merriman, 124.

62. De Vaux, C., Les penseurs de l'Islam, 1, 288. 25. Ibid., 141-2.
63. Ibn Khaldun, I, 175. 26. Camb. Mod. Hy, III, 123.
64. Ibid., 176 e seguintes. 27. Gibbons, Foundation ofthe Ottoman Empi-
65. 170 e seguintes. re, 81; Schevill, 240.
66. Ibid., Introd., xxxii. 28. Schevill, 233.
67. Ibid., 95. 29. Merriman, 171.
68. Introd., xxxii. 30. Bury in Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 101.
69. Ibid., 324. 31. Merriman, 202.
70. Ibid., III, 44. 32. Ibid., 165.
71. I, 303. 33. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 101.
72. 1, 345; III, 300-5. 34. Creasy, E. S., History ofthe Ottoman Turks,
73. I, 333, 354. 113; Merriman, 148.
74. III, 227, 233, 240. 35. Robertson, Wm., History of the Reign of
75. III, 115-20, 184, 188; I, 218. Charles V, II, 367.
76. De Vaux, I, 282. 36. Schevill, 238.
77. Ibn Khaldun, III, 249; I, 347. 37. Creasy, 109.
78. III, 456. 38. Lane-Poole, S., Saladin, 36.
79. III, 125. 39. Hitti, P. K., History ofthe Arabs, 19.
80. Issawi, C., An Arab Philosophy of History, 40. Merriman, 203.
21. 41. Gibbons, 74; Creasy, 106.
81. Toynbee, A., A Study ofHistory, III, 321. 42. Bacon, Fr., Philosophical Works, ed. Robert-
82. Sarton, III-2, 1770. son, 749.
43. Creasy, 113.
44. Gibb, Ottoman Literature. 233.
45. Camb. Mod. Hy, VI, 420.
46. Creasy, 108.
CAPITULO XXXI 47. Ibid., 109.
48. Gibb, 123-8.
49. Lutero, To the Christian Nobility, in Works,
1. Cambridge Mod. Hy, III, 112. II, 149.
2. Sykes, II, 164; Browne, IV, 21. 50. Froude, J. A., The Reign of Henry VIII, II,
3. Browne, IV, 62. 184.
4. Ibid., 51. 51. Lang, A., History ofScotland. II, 78.
5. Hughes, T. P., Dictionary of Islam, 572. 52. Gibb., 218.
6. Doughty, Chas., Arabia Deserta, 1, 59. 53. Merriman, 185-93; Robertson, Charles V, II,
7. Sykes, II, 163. 365-73.
8. Pope, A. U., Introduction to Persian Art.
224

9. Browne, IV, 93. CAPÍTULO XXXII

10. Sykes, II, 168-9.
11. Dimand, M. S., Guide to an Exhibition of
Islamic Miniature Painting, 34. 1. Percy, Thos., Reliques of Ancient English
12. Pope, A. U., Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition Poetry, II, 116; Jewish Encyc., XII, 462.
ofEarly Oriental Carpets, 39. 2. Marcus, J., The Jew in the Medieval World,
13. Merriman, R. B., Suleiman the Magnificent. 395-7.
33. 3. Graetz, H., History oftheJews. IV. 272.
14. Ibid., 190. 4. Erasmo, carta a Capito de 13 de março de
15. Camb. Mod. Hy, 1, 92. 1518.
 NOTAS 823

5. Graetz, IV, 296-9; Abbott, G. F., Israel in 48. Ibid., 76.

Europe, 198-9. 49. Jew. Encyc., III, 554.

6. Abbott, 203. 50. Graetz, 302-7.
51. Ibid., 513.
7. Baron, Salo, Social and Religious History of
52. lbid., 515.
theJews, II, 58 e seguintes.
8. Sarton, Introduction to the History ofScien- 53. Ibid., 520-1.
54. Ibid., 523.
ce, III-1, 57.
9. Graetz, IV, 220. 55. Prescott, W. H., History of the Reign ofFer
10. Ibid., 407. dinand and Isabella, I, 517; Abbott, 191.

11. Pastor, L., History ofthe Popes, VIII, 444. 56. Burckhardt, J., Civilization ofthe Renaissan
12. Id., X, 372. ce in Italy, 488.
13. Roth, C., in Finkelstein, L., ed., The Jews, 57. Sombart, W., The Jews and Modern Capita
239.
lism. 17.
58. Finkelstein, 240.
14. Waxman, M., History of Jewish Literature,
II, 66. 59. Roth,Jewish Contribution. 210.
60. Graetz, 500.
15. Roth, C., The Jewish Contribution to Civili-
61. Ibid., 515.
zation, 92.
62. Ibid., 525-7.
16. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social His-
63. Ibid., 567; Pastor, XIV, 271-4.
tory of Europe in the Later Middle Ages, 30.
64. Abbott, 203; Abrahams,Jewish Life, 67.
17. Newman, L. J., Jewish Influence in Christian
65. Pastor, XIV, 274.
Reform Movements, 436-50.
18. Dobnow, S. M., History oftheJews in Russia 66. Abbott, 204; Robertson, W., History ofthe
and Poland, I, 61. Reign of Charles V. I, 206-7.
19. Ibid., 85-7. 67. Pastor, i. c.
68. Graetz, 361-2.
20. Abrahams, Israel, Jewish Life in the Middle
69. Ibid.
Ages, 403.
70. Ibid., 356.
21. Newman, 483.
71. Robertson. W., Charles V, I, 207.
22. Ibid., 473.
23. Graetz, IV, 549-51. 72. Burton, R. F., The Jew, The Gypsy, and El Is
lam, 65.
24. Finkelstein, 241.
73. Graetz, III, 511.
25. Coulton, G. G., Medieval Panorama, 185.
26. Sarton, III-2, 1059. 74. Durant, W., Age ofFaith. 375.
75. Finkelstein, 229.
27. Coulton, G. G., From St. Francis to Dante,
110.
76. Abrahams,Jewish Life. 160.
77. Abbott, 202.
28. Janssen, J., History ofthe German People at
the Close ofthe Middle Ages. II, 73. 78. Marcus, 170 e seguintes.
29. Roth, Jewish Contribution, 25. 79. Abrahams, 1. Chapters on Jewish Literature.
226.
30. Graetz, IV, 286.
31. Ibid., 245. 80. Waxman, II, 258.

32. Cf. e. g., Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages. 81. Jew, Encyc., XII, 404.
II, 147. 82. Baron, II, 132.

33. Graetz, IV, 253. 83. Husik, I, History ofMedievalJewish Philoso

34. Ibid., 55-7; Baron, II, 29. phy, 360; Waxman, 256.
35. Monmarché, M., ed., Châteaux ofthe Loire. 84. Jew. Encyc., VIII, 29.
190. 85. Baron, 85.

36. Graetz, IV, 98.

37. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, 1, 101; Abbott,
103; Graetz, 103.
38. Ibid., 101. CAPÍTULO XXXIII
39. Abrahams, Jewish Life. 331.
40. Marcus, 44.

41. Cambridge Medieval History, VII, 657. 1. Mattingly, G., Catherine of Aragon, 109.
42. Baron, II, 29. 2. Agricola, De re metallica. 99, 100.
43. Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages, II, 379. 3. Ibid., xiii, 46-7, 52.

44. Graetz, 109-10. 4. Usher, 274.

45. Thompson. Economic and Social History, 5. Toynbee, A., A Study ofHistory. IX, 365-6.
214. 6. Erasmo, "Diversoria", in Colloquies. 1, 288
46. Kastein, J., History and Destiny ofthe Jews, e seguintes.
321. 7. Merchant ofVenice, III, iv, 271.

47. Janssen, II, 78. 8. Smith. Reformation. 473.

 824 A REFORMA

9. Froude, Edward VI. 41-2; Marx, Capital, 58. Watson, F., Luis Vives, 61.
808. 59. Froude, Henry VIII, II, 372.
10. Smith, Reformation, 554.5. 60. Lecky, Hy ofEuropean Morals. II, 54.
11. Ibid., 469. 61. Ibid., 55.

12. Tomás de Aquino, Summa theologica. II 62. Janssen, IV, 60 e seguintes.

llae, lxvi, 7; cxviii, 1. 63. Werke (Erlangen), 1, 14, in Maritain, Three
13. Lacroix, Manners, Customs, and Dress du Reformers, 186.
ring the Middle Ages, 479. 64. O'Brien, 51, transpôs.
14. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 436. 65. Janssen, VI, 275; Smith, Luther, 416.
15. Kesten, Copernicus, 33. 66. Janssen, VII, 301.
16. Coulton, Medieval Village, 338. 67. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 428.
17. Lecky, Rationalism. II, 113. 68. Calvino, Prefácio ao Catecismo de Genebra.
18. Hackett, Francis I, 406. 69. Lang, Hy ofScotland, II, 402.
19. Smith, Reformation, 483. 70. Froude, Edward VI, 265.
20. Beard, Luther, 126. 71. Traill. III, 160.
21. Froude, Eduard VI, 2. 72. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1213-4.
22. Pollard, Henry VIII, 432. 73. Maulde, 217.
23. Armstrong, Charles V. I, 59. 74. Schaff, Swiss Reformation, 722.
24. Starkey. Thos., Dialogue between Reginald 75. Wright. Thos., W'omankind in Western
Pole and Thomas Lupset, Londres, 1871, in Europe, 325.
Allen, Political Thought. 149. 76. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1205.
25. Smith, Erasmus, 27. 77. Ibid., 1204.

26. Bakeless, Tragicall Hy ofChristopher Marlo- 78. Allen, P. S., Age of Erasmus, 203-4; Smith,
we, 50. Reformation, 510.
27. Friedländer, Roman Life and Manners, II, 79. Wright, Thos., Domestic Manners, 491.
93. 80. Coulton, Social Life, 376; Medieval Panora-
28. Janssen, XI, 239. ma, 313.
29. Brantôme, Livres of Gallant Ladies, 65, 68. 81. Baedeker, Munich, 12.

30. Maulde, 391. 82. Huizinga, Waning of Middle Ages, 289.

31. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1151. 83. Smith, Reformation, 500.
32. Janssen, XI, 233. 84. Wright, Domestic Manners, 485-8.
33. Lacroix, II, 1162 e seguintes. 85. In Nock & Wilson, Rabelais, 41.
34. Brantôme, 133. 86. In Bainton, Here I Stand, 343.
35. Lacroix, II, 1189. 87. Rashdall, Universities, III, 422.
36. Smith, Reformation, 321. 88. In Lacroix, Manners, 241.

37. Erasmo, Colloquies, 1, 342.

38. Rabelais, iii, 48.
39. Ascham, The Scholemaster, 50. CAPÍTULO XXXIV
40. In Smith, Reformation, 412.
41. Turner, Hy of Courting. 45-7; Briffault, 1. Sichel, Women, 246.
The Mothers, III, 415; Smith, Modern Cul- 2. Lang, Music in Western Civilization, 300.
ture, 1, 531. 3. Einstein, A., The Italian Madrigal, 1, 7.
42. Sichel, Catherine de Medici, 6. 4. Grove, Dictionary of Music and Musicians,
43. Cf. Lippmann, W., The Public Philosophy, III, 459.
117.
5. Whitcomb, Literary Source Book of the
44. Cf. O'Brien, Economic Effects of the Refor- German Renaissance, 22
mation. 75. 6. Grove, III, 254.
45. Schapiro, Social Reform. 31. 7. McKinney e Anderson, Music in History.
46. Ibid. 210..
47. Froude, Edward VI, 166. 8. Block, II, 377.
48. Maulde, 66. 9. Kiesewetter, Hy of Music, in Grove, III.
49. Sichel, Women, 230. 684.

50. O'Brien, 55. 10. Bainton, Here I Stand, 343.

51. Janssen, III, 367. 11. McKinney, 303.
52. Froude, Edward VI, 69. 12. Guizot, Hy of France, III, 123.
53. Prescott, Mary Tudor, 327. 13. Bainton, Here I Stand, 344.
54. Froude, 1.c. 14. Janelle, Catholic Reformation, 218.
55. Smith, Reformation. 559. 15. Froude, Erasmus, 122.
56. Ashley, 11, 369. 16. Grove, IV, 20 e seguintes.
57. Ibid., 342. 17. Cf. Oxford Hy ofMusic, II, 243.
 NOTAS 825

CAPÍTULO XXXV 53. Prescott, Ferdinand, II, 568.

54. Ibid., 569; Camb. Mod. Hy, V, 495.
55. Hefele, Ximenez, 101; Hume, The Spanish
1. Putnam, Books, II, 40-1.
People, 348.
2. Lutero, Works, IV, 128.
56. Allen, Political Thought, 119.
3. Janssen, III, 355.
57. Diaz del Castillo, True Hy of the Conquest
4. Ibid., 356.
of Mexico, xi.
5. 363.
58. Mendonza, Lazarillo de Tormes, Introd., 3.
6. Lutero, IV, 156..
59. Ticknor, Spanish Literature, II, 512.
7. Richard, German Civilization, 289; Janssen, 60. Mendoza, 71.
III, 358.
8. Paulsen, German Education, 56-7.
9. Lutero, IV, 128.
10. Janssen, XIII, 260, 264.
11. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 468; Gasquet, Eve, 42.
12. Trail, III, 93.

13. Owen. J., Skeptics ofthe French Renaissan- CAPÍTULO XXXVI

ce, 438.
14. Graves, F., Peter Ramus, 15.
15. Camb. Hy of Poland, I, 274. 1. In Coulton, Art and the Reformation, 408.
16. Elyot, The Governour, i, 12. 2. Janssen, XI, 56.
17. Ibid., i, 11. 3. Calvino, Institutes, I, xi, 12.
18. Watson, F., Luis Vives, 33. 4. Michelet, III, 295.
19. In Haydn, Counter-Renaissance, 242. 5. Dimier, French Painting in the Sixteenth Cen-
20. Ibid., 199. tury, 51.
21. Sichel, Women, 47. 6. Tavannes in Sichel, Catherine, 294.
22. Marot, Rondeau 13, in Maulde, 165. 7. Vasari, II, 355.
23. France, A., Rabelais, 6. 8. Ibid.
24. Smith, Erasmus, 414; France, Rabelais, 38. 9. Blomfield, Hy ofFrench Architecture, 1, 81.
25. Faguet, 211. 10. Lacroix, Arts of the Middle Ages, 151.
26. Rabelais. Gargantua, ed. Cluny, Introd., xxi. 11. Ward, Architecture of the Renaissance in Fran-
27. Michelet, III, 300. ce, II, 125.
28. Rabelais, Introd., xxiii. 12. Sichel, Catherine, 394.
29. Owen, French Renaissance, 619. 13. Réalités magazine, março de 1954, pág. 27.
30. Rabelais, Works, livro ii, cap. 8. 14. Conway, The Van Eycks, 494.
31. Tilley, Studies in the French Renaissance, 85 15. Glück, Pieter Brueghel le Vieux, 7.
e seguintes. 16. Conway, 492.
32. Nock, Rabelais, 105. 17. Glück, Brueghel: Details from His Pictures,
33. Brunetière, Manual of French Literature, 46. 10-11.

34. France, Rabelais, 216. 18. Craven, Treasury of Art Masterpieces, 112.
35. Smith, Reformation, 195. 19. Smith, Luther, 176.
36. France, 124. 20. Bond, Fr., Westminster Abbey, 131.
37. Sichel, Women, 239. 21. Bacon, Fr., Henry VII, in Works, VI, 245.
38. Sichel, Catherine de 'Medici, 245. 22. Blomfield, Renaissance Architecture in En-

39. La Tour, Origines, IV, 413. gland, 8: Lees-Milne, Tudor Renaissance, 31.
40. Roeder, Catherine de 'Medici, 510. 23. Ibid.
41. Holzknecht, Backgrounds of Shakespeare, 24. 45.
270. 25. Blomfield, 11.

42. Camb. Hy of English Literature, III, 189. 26. Ganz, P., The Paintings of Hans Holbein,
43. Richard, German Civilization, 151. 218.

44. Janssen, XIII, 467. 27. So Stange, German Painting, 28; mas Ganz,
45. In Bainton, Reformation, 129. 223, atribui aos anos de 1528-30.
46. En. Brit. IX. 675. 28. Enc. Brit., VIII, 679.
47. Putnan, Books, II, 243. 29. Stange, 22.
48. Janssen, XI, 317 e seguintes. 30. Janssen, XI, 48.
49. In Friedell, Cultural Hy ofthe Modern Age, 31. Ibid.
I, 232. 32. Ganz, 284.

50. Janssen, XII, 324 e seguintes. 33. Woltmann, Holbein and His Time, 454.

51. En. Brit., XXXIII, 1192. 34. Calvert, Cordova, 97.

52. In Trend, Civilization of Spain, 101. 35. Dieulafoy, Art in Spain and Portugal, 230.
 826 A REFORMA

36. Calvert. Sculpture in Spain. 125; mas 44. E. g., Kesten, 299; Trattner, 31.
Stirling-Maxwell, Annals of the Artists of 45. Prefaces and Prologues. in Harvard Classics.
Spain. 126, contesta a história. . XXXIX. 52 e seguintes.
37. Dieulafoy, 336. 46. Copernicus, De revolutionibus, i. 5.
47. Ibid., i, 10.

48. Josiah Royce in Fletcher. J. B., Dante, 236.

CAPÍTULO XXXVII 49. In White, Warfare of Science with
Theology, 1, 212.
1. Schaff, Swiss Refomartion, 182. 50. In Agricola, De re metallica, 595.
2. Janssen, XII, 292. 51. Penrose, Travel and Discovery, 306.
3. Traill, III, 269. 52. R. I. Mantiri da Indonésia argumentou in-
4. Janssen, XII, 307. convincentemente que Fernão de Magalhães
5. Thorndike, Hy of Magic and Experimental não foi morto em Mactan, mas optou por fi-
Science, V, 231. car para trás e fundar um reino nas Celebes.
6. Coulton, Medieval Village, 268. 53. Castiglioni, Hy ofMedicine, 421.
7. Janssen, XII, 372. 54. Sigerist, The Great Doctors, 125.
8. Bainton, Hunted Heretic, 112. 55. In Saunders & O'Malley, The Illustrations
9. In Kesten, Copernicus, 96. from the Works ofAndreas Vesalius, 14.
10. Lacroix, Science and Literature in the Mid 56. Locy, Biology and Its Makers, 28.
dle Ages, 211; Thorndike, V, 175, 255-9. 57. Saunders, 14. O grifo é meu;
11. Bainton, Hunted Heretic, 112. 58. Ibid., 15.
12. Smith, Luther, 310. 59. In Haydn, Counter-Renaissance, 198.
13. Roeder, Catherine de 'Medici, 368. 60. Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica, v, 15.
14. Lecky, Rationalism, II. 3. in Thorndike, V, 526.
15. Lacroix, Military and Religious Life, 444; 61 Locy. 35.
Smith, Reformation, 656. 62. Carta de Vesalius de 13 de junho de 1546.
16. Friedell, 1, 283. in Thorndike, V, 529.
17. Lea, Studies in Church Hy, 588. 63. Sarton, III-1, 267.
18. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, IV, 220. 64. Saunders, 37.
19. Lecky, Hy ofEuropean Morals, II, 54. 65. Ibid., 39.

20. Trail, III, 326: Froude, Henry VIII, III, 66. Walsh, Popes and Science, 117.
191. 67. Speculum, abril de 1928, pág. 193.
21. Lea, IV, 212-25. 68. Castiglioni, 466.
22. Janssen, XII, 355. 69. Janssen, XIV, 68.
23. Spence, Cornelius Agrippa. 84. 70. Sigerist, 131.
24. Ibid. 71. Ibid., 111. A interpretação comum de Para
25. Thorndike, V, 136-7. celsus como significando "Além de Cel-
26. Spence, 79. sus", perde o sentido ante a posição ines-
27. Owen, Evenings with the Skeptics, II, 495- pressiva de Celsus (primeiro século da era
6. cristã) na história da medicina.
28. Kesten, 196; Thorndike, V, 178 e seguin- 72. Pachter, Magic into Science: the Story ofPa
tes. racelsus, 92.
29. Cath. En., IV, 352. 73. Ibid., 105-6.
30. Leonardo, Notebooks, 1, 310, 298. 74. Cf. a passagem in Robinson, D. S., Antho
31. Gassendi in Kesten, 109. logy ofModern Philosophy, 13-14.
32. Kesten, 132. 75. Pachter, 67, 112, 116.
33. Ibid., 153. 76. Thorndike, V. 628.
34. Commentariolus, in Rosen, Three Coperni 77. Opus Paramirum, in Pachter, 129.
can Treatises, 58. 78. Thorndike, V, 665.
35. Trattner, Architects ofIdeas, 28. 79. In Pachter, 210.

36. Lutero, Table Talk. 69, in Fosdick, Great 80. Ibid., 211.

Voices of the Reformation, xviii. 81. Ibid.

37. In Russel, B., Hy of Western 82. 147.

Philosophy, 528. 83. 152-3.

38. Kesten, 233. 84. 163.
39. Ibid., 382. 85. 158.
40. 309. 86. 155.

41. 295-6. 87. 168.

42. Rosen, 30. 88. 187.

43 Kesten, 297-8. 89. 167.
 NOTAS 827

90. Inscrição sobre gravura de Paracelso, na Bi- 22. James, 411.

blioteca Pública de Viena. 23. Fülöp-Miller, 367.
91. Pachter, 108, 229. 24. Ibid., 396.
92. Ibid., 4. 25. 405.

93. Comentário sobre os Gálatas, iii, 6, in Jans- 26. 419.

sen, XIV, 121. 27. 274.

94. Robertson, Freethought, 1, 399. 28. Inácio, Sto., Autobiography. 28.

95. Ibid., 389. 29. Ibid., 40.

96. Table Talk, 66. 30. 54.

97. La Tour, IV, 417. 31. Catholic Enc., VII, 640.

98..Sichel, Women, 225. 32. Fülöp-Miller, 302
99. In Hallam, Introd. to the Literature of Eu- 33. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 657; McCabe, Candid
rope, II, 140. Hy of theJesuits, 8; Ranke, Popes, I, 173.
.

100. Montaigne, Carta a M. de Mesmes in Sichel, 34. Longridge, The Spiritual Exercises ofSt. Ig-
Montaigne, 21. natius Loyola, 119.
101. In Rocker, R., Nationalism and Culture, 35. Sedgwick, Ignatius Loyola, 350; McCabe,
134. Candid Hy, 40.
102. In Taylor, Thought and Expression in the 36. Sedgwick, 182.
16th Cy, 1, 381. 37. Belloc, 228, 234.

103. Speculum, outubro de 1933, pág. 431. 38. McCabe, 32.

104. Owen, J., Skeptics of the French Renaissan- 39. Sedgwick, 221.
ce, 505. 40. Ibid.. 215.
105. Ibid., 539. 41. Symonds, The Catholic Reaction, 1,215.
106 Graves, Peter Ramus, 108. Os grifos são 42. Narrativa do padre Gonzalez, in Sedgwick,
meus. 344.
107. Owen, 529. 43. Fülöp-Miller, 319-20.
108. Ibid., 534-5; Michelet, III, 474: Graves, 44. Cath. Enc., VII, 643.
106-7. 45. Sedgwick, 111.
109. Ibid., 106. 46. Penrose, Travel and Discovery, 69.
110. Michelet, III, 474. 47. Campbell, Thos., TheJesuits, 77-8.
48. Ibid., 78.
CAPÍTULO XXXVIII 49. 84.

50. McCabe, 84.

1. Pastor, X, 310; XII, 494; Robertson, Free- 51. Acton, Lectures, 115.

thought, 1, 408. 52. Robertson, Charles V, II, 78.

2. Noyes, Ferrara, 203-19. 53. Pastor, XIII, 222.

3. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 386. 54. Graves, Hy of Education during the Middle
4. Trend, Civilization ofSpain, 123. Ages, 214.
5. Schaff, Swiss Reformation, 651. 55. Smith, Reformation, 666.
6. Pastor, XI, 3.
7. Ibid., X, 444. CAPÍTULO XXXIX
8. Carpacciolus in Ranke, Hy of the Popes, I.
131. 1. Pastor, VII, 6.
9 Janelle, Catholic Reformation, 64. 2. Ibid., 5.
10. Pastor, XI. 134. 3. Pastor, X, 385.

11. Ibid., 155 e seguintes. 4. XI, 40.

12. Ranke, Popes, I, 117. 5. Cellini, Autobiography, i, 123.

13. In Pastor, XI, 164 e seguintes. 6. Pastor, XI, 50.
14. Ibid., 192. 7. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 233.
15. McCabe, Crises in the History of the 8. Ranke, Popes, I, 125.
Papacy, 319. 9. Froude, Council ofTrent, 213.
16. Voltaire, Selected Works, edição McCabe, 10. Pastor, XI, 356.

IV, 216. 11. XIII, 61 e seguintes.

17. Fülöp-Miller, Saints That Mored the 12. Ibid., 154.
World, 333. 13. Robertson, Charles V, II, 401.
18. Ibid., 350. 14. Pastor, XIV. 72.
19. 354. 15. Armstrong, Charles V, II, 361.
20. James, Varieties of Religious Experience, 16. Pastor, XIV, 126.
414. 17. Ranke, Popes, 1, 218.
21. Fülöp-Miller, 375. 18. Pastor, XIV, 345.
828 A REFORMA

19. Ibid., 142-3. 37. Ibid., 71.

20. Ranke, 1, 226. 38. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 664, 678.
21. Ibid., 227. 39. Sarton. Il-2,916.
22. Atos, xix, 19. 40. Ranke, I, 153; Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 667;
23. Putnam, Censorship of the Church of Froude, Edward VI, 9 e seguintes.
Rome, I, 1. 41. Ranke, I, 155; Camb. Mod. Hy, 11, 668.
24. Draper, Hy ofIntellectualDevelopment, II, 42. Lea, Sacerdotal Celibacy, 518.
214. 43. Froude, Council of Trent, 283.
25. Pastor, XIV, 277 e seguintes. 44. Pastor, XIII, 116.

26. Sarpi, Istoria del Concilio Tridentino, II, 45. Camh. Mod. Hy, II, 675; Ranke, I, 252.
91, in Symonds, Catholic Reaction, I, 154. 46. Ibid., 251.

27. Robertson, Freethought, 1, 456-7. 47. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 680.
28. Pastor, XII, 503. 48. Sessão XXV; Catho. Enc., VII, 787.
29. Ranke, I, 159. 49. Quanto à Itália, cf. Symonds, Catholic
30. Pastor, XII, 508. Reaction, 1, 234, 333; quanto à Espanha, cf.
31. XIV, 286. Lea, Auricular Confession. II, 426.
32. Ibid., 300. 50. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1156.

33. Ibid. 51. Figgis, From Gerson to Grotius, 43; Robert-

34. 414 e seguintes: Ranke, I, 235. son, Charles V. II, 515-6; Taine, Italy: Ro
35. Ibid., 245. me and Naples, 210
36. Admitido porJanelle. 78.
 Sobre os Autores

WILL DURANT nasceu em North Adams, Estado de Massachusetts, em 1885.

Cursou escolas paroquiais católicas em sua cidade natal, em Kearny, Estado de Nova
Jersey, e posteriormente a faculdade jesuíta St. Peter's College, de Jersey City, Nova
Jersey, bem como a Universidade Colúmbia, em Nova York. Trabalhou ura verão
como repórter no Journal, de Nova York, em 1907, mas, por temperamento, não
conseguiu adaptar-se ao trabalho e passou a lecionar (1907-11) Latim, Francês, Inglês
e Geometria no Seton Hall College, em South Orange, Nova Jersey. Entrou no
seminário no Seton Hall em 1909, saindo dois anos depois por motivos que ele
descreveu no seu livro Transição. Passou da tranqüila vida de seminarista para os
círculos mais radicais de Nova York e tornou-se (1911-13) professor da Ferrer Modern
School, onde se fazia uma experiência em educação livre. Em 1912 viajou pela
Europa a convite e por conta de Alden Freeman, de quem se tornara amigo, e come-
çou a alargar seus horizontes de cultura.
Voltando a Ferrer School, apaixonou-se por uma de suas alunas, demitiu-se do
cargo e tomou-a como esposa (1913). Durante quatro anos fez estudos de pós-
graduação na Universidade Colúmbia, especializando-se em Biologia e Filosofia.
Recebeu o seu Ph.D. em 1917 e lecionou Filosofia um ano em Colúmbia. Em 1914,
numa igreja presbiteriana de Nova York, Durant começou a pronunciar palestras
bissemanais sobre História, Literatura e Filosofia, que se estenderam por 13 anos e lhe
proporcionaram a base inicial para seus trabalhos posteriores.
O inesperado sucesso de A História da Filosofia (1926) permitiu-lhe aposentar-se
do magistério. Daí em diante, com exceção da publicação de ocasionais ensaios, o
casal Durant empregou a maior parte de seu tempo de trabalho (oito a quatorze horas
diárias) ao livro A História da Civilização. Para se prepararem melhor para a obra,
Will Durant e a mulher viajaram pela Europa em 1927, deram a volta ao mundo em
1930, para estudar o Egito, o Oriente Próximo, India, China e Japão, e novamente
circularam a Terra em 1932, para visitar o Japão, a Manchúria, Sibéria, Rússia
européia e Polônia. Essas viagens deram o background para o livro Nossa Herança
Oriental (1935), como primeiro volume de A História da Civilização. Várias outras
visitas à Europa serviram de preparo para o Volume II, Nossa Herança Clássica
(1939), e Volume III, César e Cristo (1944). Em 1948, seis meses passados na Tur-
quia, Iraque, Irã, Egito e continente europeu forneceram a perspectiva necessária
para o Volume IV, A Idade da Fé (1950). Em 1951, o casal Durant voltou à Itália para
acrescentar um mundo de conhecimentos adquiridos laboriosamente para o preparo e
publicação (1953) do Volume V, A Renascença; e em 1954, estudos posteriores na
Itália, Suíça, Alemanha, França e Inglaterra abriram novas vistas para o Volume VI,
A Reforma (1957).
A participação da Sra. Durant no preparo desses volumes tornara-se, a cada ano,
tão substancial que no caso do Volume VII, Começa a Idade da Razão, por justiça,
seu nome juntou-se, na página-título, ao do marido como co-autora. O nome Ariel,
de sua mulher, foi pela primeira vez usado por Will Durant no seu romance Tran-
sição (1927) e no seu livro Mansões da Filosofia (1929), republicado como Os Prazeres
da Filosofia.
Com a publicação do Volume XI, A Era de Napoleão, os Durant concluíram uma
obra que abrangeu mais de quatro décadas de trabalho.
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livros que fazem sucesso em todo o mundo,
notícias e as seções: carro-chefe, quadrinhos
e orelhão.
 Em A Reforma, Will Durant no-
vamente enfoca e humaniza, com eloqüência,
uma erudição escrupulosa mas luminosa, e cal-
ma sabedoria, os homens que se encontravam
por trás das fés e das forças aguerridas de seu
tempo. Foi uma época de notáveis personalida-
des, e Durant retrata praticamente todas em vi-
nhetas reveladoras: Wyclif, Hus, Joana d'Arc, Vil-
lon, os reis católicos Fernando e Isabel, Colom-
bo, Fernão de Magalhães, Erasmo, Lutero, Dü-
rer, Holbein, Calvino, Knox, Francisco I, Car-
los V, Diana de Poitiers, Catarina de Médicis,
Henrique VIII, Thomas More, Maria Stuart,
Ivan, o Terrível, Hafiz, Tamerlão, Suleiman, o
Magnífico, Rabelais, Hans Sachs, Gutenberg,
Copérnico, Vesalius, Leão X, Santo Inácio de
Loiola, Santa Teresa de Ávila. Aqui estão reis e
papas, rebeldes e hereges, gênios e destruidores,
santos e cínicos, artistas, filósofos e cientistas
os criadores e impulsionadores de seu tempo, vis-
tos tanto na intimidade quanto em todo seu po-
der e glória.
Durant ameniza suas mil páginas
com sorrisos ocasionais. "Os homens mentem
mais quando governam Estados" Cellini "pou-
co elogiava os outros depois de conseguir o que
queria". No século XIV, dominado pelas guer-
ras, "a morte natural era uma desgraça a que nin-
guém podia sobreviver". A invenção da impren-
sa "proporcionou, depois da fala, o instrumen-
to mais poderoso para a disseminação de absur-
dos que o mundo conheceu até o nosso tempo".
Muitas vezes ele é eloqüente, como nas primei-
ras páginas sobre a função da religião e nas úl-
timas linhas do Capítulo XXV, em que sente que
sua "tinta está secando" e lamenta "a escassez
enlouquecedora de tempo".
"O presente é o passado enrolado
para a ação, e o passado é o presente desenrola-
do para a nossa compreensão" Em todo o livro,
este sentido majestoso da continuidade e da pers-
pectiva, do eterno e do efêmero, conduz Durant
à medida que, estudando a Idade da Reforma,
ele tenta decompor o presente no passado que
o constitui.
A Reforma é o volume VI da HIS-
TÓRIA DA CIVILIZAÇÃO de Will Durant,
que começou com Nossa Herança Oriental e
continuou com Nossa Herança Clássica, César
e Cristo, A Idade da Fé e A Renascença. A co-
leção foi aclamada pela crítica e pela ampla acei-
tação dos leitores no mundo todo.
 A HISTÓRIA VI
DA CIVILIZAÇÃO

A HISTORIA
DACIVLZAU
de
WILLe

REFORMA
ARIEL
DURANT

WIL
DURANT
I. Nossa Herança Oriental VI. A Reforma

II. Nossa Herança Clássica VII. Começa a Idade da Razão

III. César e Cristo VIII. A Era de Luís XIV
IV. A Idade da Fé IX. A Era de Voltaire

V. A Renascença X. Rousseau e a Revolução

XI. A Era de Napoleão
RECORD

28326 6