Michael I.

Miller
Michael Ira Miller (born 1955) is an American-born
biomedical engineer and data scientist, and the Bessie Michael I. Miller
Darling Massey Professor and Director of the Johns
Hopkins University Department of Biomedical
Engineering. He worked with Ulf Grenander in the
field of Computational Anatomy as it pertains to
neuroscience, specializing in mapping the brain under
various states of health and disease by applying data
derived from medical imaging. Miller is the director of
the Johns Hopkins Center for Imaging Science, Michael I. Miller (left) and Ulf Grenander in
Whiting School of Engineering and codirector of Johns Mittag-Leffler Institute in Stockholm, Sweden
Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute. circa summer 1995.
Miller is also a Johns Hopkins University Gilman Born 1955 (age 68–69)
Scholar.[6] Brooklyn, New York, United
States
Nationality American
Biography Alma mater The State University of New York
at Stony Brook
Miller received his Bachelor of Engineering from The
Johns Hopkins University
State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1976,
Known for Computational anatomy[4]
followed by a Master of Science degree in 1978 and
PhD in biomedical engineering in 1983, both from the Spouse Elizabeth Patton Miller[5]
Johns Hopkins University.[7][8] Children 1
Awards Presidential Young Investigator
He completed postdoctoral research on medical
Award
imaging at Washington University in St. Louis with
Johns Hopkins University Gilman
Donald L. Snyder, then chair of the Electrical
Scholar[1]
Engineering department. In 1985, he joined the faculty
IEEE Elected Fellow[2]
of Electrical Engineering at Washington University,
where he was later named the Newton R. and Sarah Scientific career
Louisa Glasgow Wilson Professor in Fields Biomedical Engineering
Engineering. [9][10] During his early years at Neuroscience
Washington University, Miller received the Pattern Theory
Presidential Young Investigator Award.[11] From 1994 Institutions Washington University in St.
to 2001, Miller was a visiting professor at Brown Louis
University's Division of Applied Mathematics, where Johns Hopkins University
he worked with Ulf Grenander on image analysis. Thesis Statistical Coding of Complex
Speech Stimuli in the Auditory
In 1998, Miller joined the Department of Biomedical
Nerve (http://search.proquest.co
Engineering at Johns Hopkins University as the
m/docview/303755625) (1983)
director of the Center for Imaging Science.[12] He was
later named the Herschel and Ruth Seder Professor of
Biomedical Engineering, and was appointed by Johns Doctoral Murray B. Sachs[3]
Hopkins University President Ronald J. Daniels as one advisor
of 17 inaugural University Gilman Scholars in Website [1] (http://www.cis.jhu.edu/)
2011. [6][13][14] In 2015, Miller became the co-director
of the newly established Kavli Institute for Discovery Neuroscience.[15] In 2017, Miller was named the
Massey Professor and Director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Johns Hopkins
University.[7][16] In 2019, he was elected as a IEEE Fellow.[17]

Academic career

Neural coding
Miller did his doctoral work on neural codes in the Auditory system under the direction of Murray B.
Sachs and Eric D. Young in the Neural Encoding Laboratory[18] at Johns Hopkins University. With Sachs
and Young, Miller focused on rate-timing population codes of complex features of speech including
voice-pitch[19] and consonant-vowel syllables [20] encoded in the discharge patterns across the primary
auditory nerve. These neural codes were one of the scientific works discussed as the strategy for
neuroprosthesis design at the 1982 New York Academy of Science[21] meeting on the efficacy and
timeliness of Cochlear implants.

Medical imaging
Miller's work in the field of brain mapping via Medical imaging, specifically statistical methods for
iterative image reconstruction, began in the mid 1980s when he joined Donald L. Snyder at Washington
University to work on time-of-flight positron emission tomography (PET) systems being instrumented in
Michel Ter-Pogossian's group. With Snyder, Miller worked to stabilize likelihood-estimators of
radioactive tracer intensities via the method-of-sieves[22] .[23] This became one of the approaches for
controlling noise artifacts in the Shepp-Vardi algorithm[24] in the context of low-count, time-of-flight
emission tomography. It was during this period that Miller met Lawrence (Larry) Shepp, and he
subsequently visited Shepp several times at Bell Labs to speak as part of the Henry Landau seminar
series.

Pattern theory and computational anatomy

During the mid 1990s, Miller joined the Pattern Theory group at Brown University and worked with Ulf
Grenander on problems in image analysis within the Bayesian framework of Markov random fields. They
established the ergodic properties of jump-diffusion processes for inference in hybrid parameter spaces,
which was presented by Miller at the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society as a discussed paper. [25]
These were an early class of random sampling algorithms with ergodic properties proven to sample from
distributions supported across discrete sample spaces and simultaneously over the continuum, likening it
to the extremely popular Gibb's sampler of Geman and Geman.[26]

Grenander and Miller introduced Computational anatomy as a formal theory of human shape and form at
a joint lecture in May 1997 at the 50th Anniversary of the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown
University,[27] and in a subsequent publication.[28] In the same year with Paul Dupuis, they established
the necessary Sobolev smoothness conditions requiring vector fields to have strictly greater than 2.5
square-integrable, generalized derivatives (in the space of 3-dimensions) to ensure that smooth
submanifold shapes are carried smoothly via integration of the flows.[29] The Computational anatomy
framework via diffeomorphisms at the 1mm morphological scale is one of the de facto standards for
cross-section analyses of populations. Codes now exist for diffeomorphic template or atlas mapping,
including ANTS,[30] DARTEL,[31] DEMONS,[32] LDDMM,[33] StationaryLDDMM,[34] all actively used
codes for constructing correspondences between coordinate systems based on sparse features and dense
images.

Shape and form

David Mumford appreciated the smoothness results on existence of flows, and encouraged collaboration
between Miller and the École normale supérieure de Cachan group that had been working independently.
In 1998, Mumford organized a Trimestre on "Questions Mathématiques en Traitement du Signal et de
l'Image" at the Institute Henri Poincaré; from this emerged the ongoing collaboration on shape between
Miller, Alain Trouve and Laurent Younes.[35] They published three significant papers together over the
subsequent 15 years; the equations for geodesics generalizing the Euler equation on fluids supporting
localized scale or compressibility appeared in 2002,[36] the conservation of momentum law for shape
momentum appeared in 2006,[37] and the summary of Hamiltonian formalism appeared in 2015.[38]

Neurodegeneration in brain mapping

Miller and John Csernansky developed a long-term research effort on neuroanatomical phenotyping of
Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia and mood disorder. In 2005, they published with John Morris an early
work on predicting conversion to Alzheimer's disease based on clinically available MRI measurements
using diffeomorphometry technologies.[39] This was one of the papers that contributed to a deeper
understanding of the disorder in its earlier stages and the recommendations of the working group to revise
the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease dementia for the first time in 27 years.[40]

In 2009, the Johns Hopkins University BIOCARD[41] project was initiated, led by Marilyn Albert, to
study preclinical Alzheimer's disease. In 2014, Miller and Younes demonstrated that the original Braak
staging of the earliest change associated to the entorhinal cortex in the medial temporal lobe could be
demonstrated via diffeomorphometry methods in the population of clinical MRIs,[42] and subsequently
that this could be measured via MRI in clinical populations upwards of 10 years before clinical symptoms
appeared.[43]

Books
Snyder, Donald L.; Miller, Michael I. (1991). Random Point Processes in Time and Space.
Springer. ISBN 978-0199297061.
Grenander, Ulf; Miller, Michael (2007). Pattern Theory: From Representation to Inference.
Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199297061.

References
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auditory-nerve fibers". Hearing Research. 14 (3): 257–279. doi:10.1016/0378-
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41. Albert, M. S. "BIOCARD: Predictors of Cognitive Decline Among Normal Individuals" (http://
www.alzresearch.org/biocard.cfm). Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine.
42. Miller, M.I.; Younes, L.; Ratnanather, J.T.; Brown, T.; Trinh, H.; Postal, E.; Lee, D.S.; Wang,
M.C; Mori, S.; Obrien, R.; Albert, M. (16 September 2013). "The diffeomorphometry of
temporal lobe structures in preclinical Alzheimer's disease" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p
mc/articles/PMC3863771). NeuroImage: Clinical. 3 (352–360): 352–360.
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43. Younes, L.; Albert, M.; Miller (21 April 2014). "Inferring changepoint times of medial temporal
lobe morphometric change in preclinical Alzheimer's disease" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pmc/articles/PMC4110355). NeuroImage: Clinical. 5: 178–187.
doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.04.009 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nicl.2014.04.009).
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(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25101236).

External links
[2] (http://www.cis.jhu.edu/faculty/cvs/CV_Miller_2017-01-17.pdf) Miller's Curriculum Vitae
[3] (https://www.orau.org/council/archive/2016/files/bios/michael-miller-bio.pdf) Miller's Short
Biography
[4] (http://www.cis.jhu.edu/) Center for Imaging Science Website

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