CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WORK PERMIT
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
No. 1
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Content
1. Introduction
2. What is confined Space?
3. Examples of confined space
4. Important Definition
5. Hazards of confined space
6. Preparation for confined space entry:
7. Ventilation
8. Equipment used inside confined space
9. Responsibilities
10. Personal Protective Equipment for Confined space
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Introduction
➢ Every year, thousands of workers are injured or killed in confined spaces.
➢ Accidents in confined spaces require immediate action , as lives may be lost in
minutes.
➢ Ignorance, lack of knowledge or over confidence is usually the cause of such
accidents.
Most confined space accidents can be prevented by:
➢ Knowing the hazards of the confined space
➢ Learning how to detect & deal with these hazards
➢ By using established safety procedures for work in confined space
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What is Confined Space ?
• Is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter bodily and
perform work;
• Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;
• Is not designed for continuous human availability (occupancy).
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
What is a Confined Space Entry Permit ?
• A Confined space entry permit is required to enter any confined space which
includes vessels, tanks, furnaces, columns, reactors, boilers, pipelines, storage
bins, open top containers, manholes, pits and excavation that have a depth of 1.2
meter or deeper.
• This procedure is prepared to protect personnel from:
• Oxygen deficiency
• Toxic Materials
• Flammable Substances
• Energy or movable parts of power – driven equipment
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Examples of Confined Space
❑ Pipes
❑ Tanks
❑ Trenches
❑ Manholes
❑ Reactors
❑ Boilers
❑ Ducts
❑ Furnaces
❑ Exchangers
❑ Sewers ❑ Pits
❑ Columns ❑ Pressure Vessel
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KEMYA SSP 300 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Important Definition
ENTRANT: Any person who enters the vessel. Entry is the insertion of the man head
or any part of the body into a confined space.
ASPHYXIANT: A vapor or gas that can cause feel uneasy(unconsciousness) or
death by lack of oxygen (suffocation) e.g. nitrogen gas.
SCBA: (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) A positive pressure respirator in which
the supply of air is carried by the wearer.
VENTILATION: Ventilation systems shall be designed to sweep air effectively
through the confined space, providing a continuous purge of fresh air.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Important Definition
AIR-LINE RESPIRATOR: A respirator that is connected to a compressed breathing air
source by a hose.
RESCUE MAN: An individual trained, qualified, nominated & certified in rescue
responsibilities, confined space hazards, and emergency procedures who has been
assigned to remain at the outside of the confined space.
STANDBY MAN: An individual, either from Operations, Maintenance or contractor who
is trained, qualified and certified by respective department Sr. manager and Concern
Dept to attendant confined space hazards and emergency procedures, stay and watch
outside the confined space, guard against unauthorized entry, maintain
communication with and monitor the authorized entrants inside.
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Hazards Of Confined Space
1. Lack of Oxygen
➢ Lack of oxygen can be caused by rusting, contaminated air, or the build up
of other gases.
➢ Any other gas can displace oxygen, and cause lack of oxygen (suffocation).
➢ Lack of oxygen can cause a worker to collapse almost rapidly.
Oxygen Deficiency
<19.5% oxygen concentration
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WORK PERMIT
Hazards Of Confined Space
2. Toxic Gases Or Vapors
➢ Toxic gases can irritate skin, eyes, nose
& throat.
➢ Some toxic gases are very dangerous
because they cannot be detected by sight
or smell.
➢ Toxic gases or vapors can be poison or
lack of oxygen (suffocate) to workers in
side the confine space.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WORK PERMIT
Hazards Of Confined Space
3. Combustion:
Gases & vapors can be formed by scale
or residue inside the confined space, by
solvents used for cleaning,
decomposition of organic materials etc.
A spark, open flame or static electricity
can cause flammable gases or vapors to
ignite or explode.
A build up of flammable gases or vapors
can burn or explode.
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Hazards Of Confined Space
4. Other Hazards
NOISE, which interfere with communication.
HEAT, which can cause heat stress,
cramps etc.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WORK PERMIT
Hazards Of Confined Space
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT which can FALLS
cause sparks & physical injury.
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KEMYA SSP 300 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Preparation For Confined Space Entry:
Operation supervisor is responsible to lead and ensure the following tasks as
preparation for entry by using relevant SOP.
➢ Draining
➢ De-pressuring
➢ Flushing
➢ Washing
➢ Cleaning
➢ Steaming
➢ Isolation
➢ Blinding
➢ Ventilating
➢ Gas testing initial & frequency
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Preparation For Confined Space Entry:
ISOLATION:- Involves either disconnecting lines & installing blind flanges on the
open pipe flanges, as close as possible to the equipment, or installing blind
flanges in the pipes themselves.
ELECTRICAL LOCKOUT:- Involves locking out any electrically operated equipment,
connected to or associated with the vessel or confined space.
PURGING:- Which moves a hazardous gas or vapor (such as Nitrogen followed by
air).
STEAMING:- Which is removal of hazardous materials using steam.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Preparation For Confined Space Entry:
FLUSHING:- Which moves hazardous materials to a safe location using non-hazardous
materials (such as water).
VENTILATION:- Which displaces a possible hazardous atmosphere with air.
GAS TEST:- Toxic within (TLV) range , LEL 0 % , Oxygen should be normal 20.8% ,
Re-test frequently as mentioned
TOOLS : Use the right and correct tools as specified on the WP
ENTRY PERMIT:- Get entry confined space Permit from the Issuer
STANDBY MAN:- Post Standby man
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WORK PERMIT
Preparation For Confined Space Entry:
CONDUCT GAS TEST
➢ In all cases, the atmosphere inside the confined space must be tested for
Oxygen deficiency, flammable gases or vapors & or for toxic materials.
➢ Only Authorized gas tester shall conduct the gas test and record the results
on the Work permit .
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WORK PERMIT
Preparation For Confined Space Entry:
GAS TEST
➢ The results of the gas test must be
entered on the work permit.
➢ The frequency required for the gas tests
also to be conduct & write the result on
the Work permit.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Hot Work Activities Inside Confined Space
➢ Following precautions shall be taken during welding activity in confined space:
• Conduct Periodic Gas test
• Ensure adequate ventilation
• Keep gas cylinders outside the confined space
• Don’t leave unattended gas-burning or welding torches inside confined space.
• Remove gas cylinders from operating area at the end of any work period to safe
location specified in the plant.
• Use local ventilation for welding activity inside confined space.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Hot Work Activities Inside Confined Space
➢ Don’t permit welding or cutting activities in an oxygen-enriched
atmosphere. If tests indicate that the oxygen content is greater than
23.5%, use ventilation techniques to reduce the oxygen content to 20.8%.
➢ Keep compressed gas cylinders and welding machines outside, when
welding or cutting is being performed in any confined space
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
During Emergency In Confined Space Entry
Following actions shall be taken, if a potentially toxic or hazardous
atmosphere is detected during / after entry:
➢ Stop all confined space activity and return the work permit to permit
issuer
➢ Ask all the entrants to leave the confined space immediately.
➢ Standby Man will immediately notify personnel, as specified on the
Confined Space Entry Permit, and the concerned permit issuer.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
During Emergency In Confined Space Entry
➢ Evacuate the confined space to determine how the hazardous atmosphere
developed.
➢ Implement measures to eliminate the hazardous atmosphere prior to any
subsequent entry.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Ventilation In Confine Space
➢ Stop ventilation / purging at least 15 minutes prior to conducting the gas tests, to
allow gas concentration to equalize.
➢ The gas test must be repeated if the entry was not done for 30 minutes once the
gas test is conduct.
➢ Also gas testing shall be repeated after every work breaks.
Type of ventilation:
• NATURAL VENTILATION
• FORCED VENTILATION
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KEMYA SSP 300 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Ventilation In Confine Space
NATURAL VENTILATION: The use of natural wind by opening man way, this way
is not very sufficient.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Ventilation In Confine Space
Forced Ventilation: The use of a fan or air mover to move fresh air
through a vessel.
Forced Ventilation
Air
Mover
The use of a fan or air mover to move fresh air
through a vessel.
Rich Mixture
Fresh Air In
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Ventilation In Confine Space
Comply with the following points for continuous forced air ventilation in
confine space:
➢ Ensure air supply for the forced air ventilation comes from clean
source and should not increase the hazards in the confined space.
➢ Use non-sparking (safe) and electrically fused & grounded air movers
to prevent the accumulation and discharge of static electricity.
➢ Do not use Oxygen to ventilate confined spaces.
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KEMYA SSP 300 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Ventilation In Confine Space
Conditions that could badly (adversely) affect air quality include:
✓ Residue hydrocarbon gassing off due to the heat of the day.
✓ Hydrocarbons trapped inside chunks/behind vessel lining.
✓ Leaking oxygen/Acetylene hoses used for hot work.
✓ Reaction products or fumes from chemicals used for cleaning.
✓ Oxygen deficiency due to reaction with rusty steel or scale.
✓ Fumes from cutting, welding jobs.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Ventilation In Confine Space
Air Out
Air Mover
3 Blind
Compressed Air
Manway
Shut 5
Blind
4 Manway
Blind Shut
Shut
Wet Flare
Manway
Open
Air Flow In
Shut Drain
Open
Blind 1
2 Blind
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Ventilation In Confine Space
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Equipment Used Inside Confined Space
Electrical Equipment:
➢ The use of portable electrical hand tools or lighting over 24 volts in a
confined space is prohibited or the following requirements shall be
met:
➢ All electrical tools and lighting devices shall be properly insulated and
electrically grounded.
➢ All tools and lights must be protected by a Ground Fault Circuit
Interrupter (GFCI)
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Equipment Used Inside Confined Space
Tools and other Equipment:
➢ Pneumatic tools used in confined spaces can only be driven by air.
➢ If gas welding or cutting (e.g., oxygen-acetylene) is required inside a
confined space, only the hoses and torch may be lowered through the
manhole.
➢ Proper internal and external scaffolding should be erected as required,
as not to hamper entrance or exit of confined space.
➢ When persons are working in close proximity or overhead of each other,
suitable barriers shall be provided.
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Responsibilities
Issuer of Confined Space entry permit shall be done by minimum of an employee
Supervisory level for the related activity or approved delegated.
Receiver of Confined Space entry permit shall be done by minimum of an
employee or contractor Supervisory level for the related activity or approved
delegated.
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Responsibilities
PERMIT ISSUER: Check and ensure the following are in place:
➢ Verify pre-entry precautions have been taken and the space is safe for
entry.
➢ Check the permit receiver’s certification and make sure he understands
all the hazards & precautions required for the job
➢ Ensure Rescue Plan is in place
➢ Provide a qualified, trained & certified standby man for any entry job.
Make sure he is in position, and he understands the Rescue Plan.
➢ Prepare the Work permit Cold, Hot or Radiation as per the activity.
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KEMYA SP 300 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Responsibilities
PERMIT ISSUER: Check and ensure the following are in place:
(Continued..)
➢ A qualified, trained & certified standby man at the job site.
➢ Positively isolate all electrical and other energy source driven equipment
within the confined space to be entered. Permit issuer shall review and
approve electrical LOTO and other isolation requirements are
implemented.
➢ Issuing Confined Space entry permit and any other required Work
Permits, after ensuring decontamination is done.
➢ Visit the site frequently as the work proceeds to ensure conditions have
not changed and that the work is progressing safely.
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Responsibilities
PERMIT RECEIVER: Check and ensure the following are in place:
➢ Prepare the JSA and participate in joint site inspection with operation
supervisor and ensure it is documented in the Work Permit.
➢ Fill Confine Space Entry Permit
➢ Use proper lighting and air movers ( e.g. explosion proof)
➢ Confined space entrants are medically & physically fit for the task and
they are following the work permit conditions / precautions.
➢ Complying with concerned Standard Maintenance Procedure (SMP) or
method statement and Job Safety Analysis (JSA).
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WORK PERMIT
Personal Protective Equipment For Confined Space
1. Self contained B.A.
➢ A positive pressure respirator
in which the supply of air is
carried by the wearer.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WORK PERMIT
Personal Protective Equipment For Confined Space
❖ In Line B.A. (Breathing Air
Equipment)
➢ A positive pressure respirator
available to the wearer via a
hose connected to a remote
breathing air supply.
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Personal Protective Equipment For Confined Space
2. Safety Lines
Lifelines should be strong enough
to aid in removal of
unconscious victim.
All safety lines should be attached
properly.
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Personal Protective Equipment For Confined Space
3. Safety Harness
Safety harnesses should have
quick-release devices to allow
fast removal in an emergency.
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Personal Protective Equipment For Confined Space
4. Other Personal Protective Equipment
Other PPE’s may also be required:
Safety Hat:
To provide protection against falling
objects etc.
Goggles/Face Shield:
To protect against dusts, flying particles
etc.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Stand by Man
• The employee who is certified as
standby man, remains outside the
confined space and monitors the
entrant(s); guards the space against
unauthorized entry; warns the entrants
of any unusual conditions; and
summons the rescue personnel if
needed.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WORK PERMIT
Blower / Exhaust
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Equipment For Confined Space
No. 43
Blower / Exhaust
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No. 45
Section 1 ( Responsible: Receiver)
To clarify receiver details & Work activity details
Equipment detail (department / plant, unit name), work execution details
(service department / contractor/ number of people involved) and
description of work
No. 46
Section 2 ( Responsible: Issuer)
To clarify details of associated work permit / certficates
attached to the permit
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Section 3 ( Responsible: Receiver)
To clarify details of Tools & Equipment required
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
Section 4 ( Responsible: Issuer)
To identify the hazards related to the job
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Section 5 ( Responsible: Issuer & Receiver)
To clarify the required PPE to handle the job
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Section 6 ( Responsible: Issuer)
To clarify the required equipment preperation
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Section 7 ( Responsible: Issuer)
To clarify the required standby/rescue people
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Section 8 ( Responsible: Issuer)
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Section 9 ( Responsible: Issuer & Gas Tester)
To state the gas results
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Section 10 ( Responsible: Issuer/Receiver)
To ensure both issuer and receiver visited the site and confirm details
above.
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Section 11 ( Responsible: Issuer/Receiver)
To ensure Permit issuer & receiver has understood the details of the
permit and clarify related required certificates .
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Section 12 ( Responsible: Issuer & Receiver)
To ensure job has been closed
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Section 13 ( JSA) Receiver
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Section 14 ( Take Two) Receiver
No. 59
THANK YOU
