8086 Microprocessor

Instruction Set classes 1 and 2

INSTRUCTION SET
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

8086 supports 6 types of instructions.

1. Data Transfer Instructions

2. Arithmetic Instructions

3. Logical Instructions

4. String manipulation Instructions

5. Process Control Instructions

6. Control Transfer Instructions

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

1. Data Transfer Instructions

Instructions that are used to transfer data/ address in to

registers, memory locations and I/O ports.

Generally involve two operands: Source operand and

Destination operand of the same size.

Source: Register or a memory location or an immediate data

Destination : Register or a memory location.

The size should be a either a byte or a word.

A 8-bit data can only be moved to 8-bit register/ memory

and a 16-bit data can be moved to 16-bit register/ memory.

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

1. Data Transfer Instructions

Mnemonics: MOV, XCHG, PUSH, POP, IN, OUT …

MOV reg2/ mem, reg1/ mem

MOV reg2, reg1 (reg2) ← (reg1)

MOV mem, reg1 (mem) ← (reg1)
MOV reg2, mem (reg2) ← (mem)

MOV reg/ mem, data

MOV reg, data (reg) ← data

MOV mem, data (mem) ← data

XCHG reg2/ mem, reg1

XCHG reg2, reg1 (reg2) ↔ (reg1)

XCHG mem, reg1 (mem) ↔ (reg1)

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

1. Data Transfer Instructions

Mnemonics: MOV, XCHG, PUSH, POP, IN, OUT …

PUSH reg16/ mem

PUSH reg16 (SP) ← (SP) – 2

MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP
(MA S ; MA S + 1) ← (reg16)

PUSH mem (SP) ← (SP) – 2

MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP
(MA S ; MA S + 1) ← (mem)

POP reg16/ mem

POP reg16 MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP

(reg16) ← (MA S ; MA S + 1)
(SP) ← (SP) + 2

POP mem MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP

(mem) ← (MA S ; MA S + 1)
(SP) ← (SP) + 2
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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

1. Data Transfer Instructions

Mnemonics: MOV, XCHG, PUSH, POP, IN, OUT …

IN A, [DX] OUT [DX], A

IN AL, [DX] PORTaddr = (DX) OUT [DX], AL PORTaddr = (DX)

(AL) ← (PORT) (PORT) ← (AL)

IN AX, [DX] PORTaddr = (DX) OUT [DX], AX PORTaddr = (DX)

(AX) ← (PORT) (PORT) ← (AX)

IN A, addr8 OUT addr8, A

IN AL, addr8 (AL) ← (addr8) OUT addr8, AL (addr8) ← (AL)

IN AX, addr8 (AX) ← (addr8) OUT addr8, AX (addr8) ← (AX)

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

ADD reg2/ mem, reg1/mem

ADC reg2, reg1 (reg2) ← (reg1) + (reg2)

ADC reg2, mem (reg2) ← (reg2) + (mem)
ADC mem, reg1 (mem) ← (mem)+(reg1)

ADD reg/mem, data

ADD reg, data (reg) ← (reg)+ data

ADD mem, data (mem) ← (mem)+data

ADD A, data

ADD AL, data8 (AL) ← (AL) + data8

ADD AX, data16 (AX) ← (AX) +data16

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

ADC reg2/ mem, reg1/mem

ADC reg2, reg1 (reg2) ← (reg1) + (reg2)+CF

ADC reg2, mem (reg2) ← (reg2) + (mem)+CF
ADC mem, reg1 (mem) ← (mem)+(reg1)+CF

ADC reg/mem, data

ADC reg, data (reg) ← (reg)+ data+CF

ADC mem, data (mem) ← (mem)+data+CF

ADDC A, data

ADD AL, data8 (AL) ← (AL) + data8+CF

ADD AX, data16 (AX) ← (AX) +data16+CF

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

SUB reg2/ mem, reg1/mem

SUB reg2, reg1 (reg2) ← (reg1) - (reg2)

SUB reg2, mem (reg2) ← (reg2) - (mem)
SUB mem, reg1 (mem) ← (mem) - (reg1)

SUB reg/mem, data

SUB reg, data (reg) ← (reg) - data

SUB mem, data (mem) ← (mem) - data

SUB A, data

SUB AL, data8 (AL) ← (AL) - data8

SUB AX, data16 (AX) ← (AX) - data16

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

SBB reg2/ mem, reg1/mem

SBB reg2, reg1 (reg2) ← (reg1) - (reg2) - CF

SBB reg2, mem (reg2) ← (reg2) - (mem)- CF
SBB mem, reg1 (mem) ← (mem) - (reg1) –CF

SBB reg/mem, data

SBB reg, data (reg) ← (reg) – data - CF

SBB mem, data (mem) ← (mem) - data - CF

SBB A, data

SBB AL, data8 (AL) ← (AL) - data8 - CF

SBB AX, data16 (AX) ← (AX) - data16 - CF

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

INC reg/ mem

INC reg8 (reg8) ← (reg8) + 1

INC reg16 (reg16) ← (reg16) + 1

INC mem (mem) ← (mem) + 1

DEC reg/ mem

DEC reg8 (reg8) ← (reg8) - 1

DEC reg16 (reg16) ← (reg16) - 1

DEC mem (mem) ← (mem) - 1

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

MUL reg/ mem

MUL reg For byte : (AX) ← (AL) x (reg8)

For word : (DX)(AX) ← (AX) x (reg16)

MUL mem For byte : (AX) ← (AL) x (mem8)

For word : (DX)(AX) ← (AX) x (mem16)

IMUL reg/ mem

IMUL reg For byte : (AX) ← (AL) x (reg8)

For word : (DX)(AX) ← (AX) x (reg16)

IMUL mem For byte : (AX) ← (AX) x (mem8)

For word : (DX)(AX) ← (AX) x (mem16)

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

DIV reg/ mem

DIV reg For 16-bit :- 8-bit :

(AL) ← (AX) :- (reg8) Quotient
(AH) ← (AX) MOD(reg8) Remainder

For 32-bit :- 16-bit :

(AX) ← (DX)(AX) :- (reg16) Quotient
(DX) ← (DX)(AX) MOD(reg16) Remainder

DIV mem For 16-bit :- 8-bit :

(AL) ← (AX) :- (mem8) Quotient
(AH) ← (AX) MOD(mem8) Remainder

For 32-bit :- 16-bit :

(AX) ← (DX)(AX) :- (mem16) Quotient
(DX) ← (DX)(AX) MOD(mem16) Remainder

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

IDIV reg/ mem

IDIV reg For 16-bit :- 8-bit :

(AL) ← (AX) :- (reg8) Quotient
(AH) ← (AX) MOD(reg8) Remainder

For 32-bit :- 16-bit :

(AX) ← (DX)(AX) :- (reg16) Quotient
(DX) ← (DX)(AX) MOD(reg16) Remainder

IDIV mem For 16-bit :- 8-bit :

(AL) ← (AX) :- (mem8) Quotient
(AH) ← (AX) MOD(mem8) Remainder

For 32-bit :- 16-bit :

(AX) ← (DX)(AX) :- (mem16) Quotient
(DX) ← (DX)(AX) MOD(mem16) Remainder

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

CMP reg2/mem, reg1/ mem

CMP reg2, reg1 Modify flags ← (reg2) – (reg1)

If (reg2) > (reg1) then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (reg2) < (reg1) then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (reg2) = (reg1) then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0

CMP reg2, mem Modify flags ← (reg2) – (mem)

If (reg2) > (mem) then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (reg2) < (mem) then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (reg2) = (mem) then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0

CMP mem, reg1 Modify flags ← (mem) – (reg1)

If (mem) > (reg1) then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (mem) < (reg1) then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (mem) = (reg1) then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

CMP reg/mem, data

CMP reg, data Modify flags ← (reg) – (data)

If (reg) > data then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (reg) < data then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (reg) = data then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0

CMP mem, data Modify flags ← (mem) – (mem)

If (mem) > data then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (mem) < data then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (mem) = data then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

2. Arithmetic Instructions
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…

CMP A, data

CMP AL, data8 Modify flags ← (AL) – data8

If (AL) > data8 then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (AL) < data8 then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (AL) = data8 then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0

CMP AX, data16 Modify flags ← (AX) – data16

If (AX) > data16 then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (mem) < data16 then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (mem) = data16 then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

3. Logical Instructions
Mnemonics: AND, OR, XOR, TEST, SHR, SHL, RCR, RCL …

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

3. Logical Instructions
Mnemonics: AND, OR, XOR, TEST, SHR, SHL, RCR, RCL …

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

3. Logical Instructions
Mnemonics: AND, OR, XOR, TEST, SHR, SHL, RCR, RCL …

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8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

3. Logical Instructions
Mnemonics: AND, OR, XOR, TEST, SHR, SHL, RCR, RCL …

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