ELIZADEUNIVERSITY
HANDS-ON
COMPUTER
HARDWARE
CSC 209 COMPUTER HARDWARE MANUAL CHAPTER 1
O. BABALOLA
2024-2025
Laboratory Manual: Computer Hardware Components
Introduction
This laboratory manual is designed to provide hands-on experience with computer hardware
components essential for professional hardware career preparation. Each lab exercise will focus on
specific hardware components, their identification, installation, and troubleshooting techniques.
Lab Safety Guidelines
1. Always work in a static-free environment
2. Use proper anti-static wrist straps and mats
3. Wear safety glasses when necessary
4. Handle components with care and on clean, flat surfaces
5. Always work in a static-free environment. Use an anti-static wrist strap and mat.
6. Power off and unplug the computer before opening the case.
7. Handle components carefully to avoid physical damage.
8. Do not work on hardware during electrical storms.
9. No food or drinks in the lab
Lab Equipment List
o Computer workstations
o Screwdriver set (Phillips and flathead)
o Anti-static wrist strap
o Anti-static mat
o Compressed air
o Thermal paste
o Various computer components (motherboards, CPUs, RAM, hard drives, etc.)
LAB EXERCISES
Lab 1: Computer Case and Power Supply Identification
Objectives:
o Identify different form factors of computer cases
o Understand power supply unit (PSU) specifications
o Perform PSU installation and connection
Procedure:
1. Examine different computer case types
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2. Measure and compare PSU wattage ratings
3. Disconnect and reconnect PSU in a test system
4. Verify proper power connections
Lab 2: Motherboard and CPU Installation
Objectives:
o Identify motherboard form factors
o Understand CPU socket types
o Practice proper CPU and cooling installation
Procedure:
1. Compare ATX, microATX, and mini-ITX motherboards
2. Identify different CPU socket types (LGA, AM4, etc.)
3. Demonstrate CPU insertion technique
4. Apply thermal paste correctly
5. Install CPU cooling system
Lab 3: RAM Memory Installation and Diagnostics
Objectives:
o Recognize different RAM types
o Understand memory compatibility
o Practice memory installation and testing
Procedure:
1. Identify DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5 RAM modules
2. Verify RAM compatibility with motherboard
3. Install RAM in correct slots
4. Use diagnostic tools to test memory performance
Lab 4: Storage Device Configuration
Objectives:
o Compare HDD and SSD technologies
o Practice drive installation
o Understand interface types
Procedure:
1. Examine SATA and M.2 interface differences
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2. Install 2.5" and 3.5" drives
3. Connect storage devices to motherboard
4. Configure drive in BIOS/UEFI
Lab 5: Expansion Card Installation
Objectives:
o Identify expansion slot types
o Install graphics, sound, and network cards
o Understand driver configuration
Procedure:
1. Compare PCIe x1, x4, x8, and x16 slots
2. Install graphics card
3. Verify card seating and power connections
4. Install and update device drivers
Lab 6: Troubleshooting and Diagnostic Techniques
Objectives:
o Develop systematic troubleshooting approach
o Use diagnostic tools
o Identify common hardware failures
Procedure:
1. Perform POST (Power-On Self-Test) diagnostics
2. Use hardware diagnostic software
3. Simulate and resolve common hardware issues
4. Practice component replacement techniques
Evaluation Criteria
o Proper component handling
o Accurate installation techniques
o Understanding of hardware specifications
o Successful completion of diagnostic procedures
Lab 7: Identifying Hardware Components
Objective: Familiarize yourself with the basic components of a computer.
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Materials Needed:
o A disassembled computer or a set of hardware components
Procedure:
1. Motherboard: Identify the form factor (e.g., ATX, Micro-ATX), CPU socket, RAM slots,
expansion slots, and connectors for power, storage, and peripherals.
2. CPU: Examine the processor, noting the brand, model, socket type, and number of cores.
3. RAM: Identify the type (DDR4, DDR5), capacity, and speed of the memory modules.
4. Storage Devices: Differentiate between HDDs and SSDs. Check for SATA or NVMe interfaces.
5. Power Supply Unit (PSU): Note the wattage, efficiency rating (80 PLUS), and connector types.
6. GPU: If present, identify whether it's integrated or discrete, check the memory type and
amount.
7. Case and Cooling: Observe the case design, number of fans, and any liquid cooling systems.
Report:
o Document each component with a brief description and its role in the system.
Lab 8: Assembly of a Computer System
Objective: Assemble a computer from scratch.
Materials Needed:
o All components identified in Lab 1
o Screwdriver, thermal paste, case screws
Procedure:
1. Prepare the Case: Install the PSU, ensuring it's secured and the power switch is accessible.
2. Install the Motherboard: Place standoffs in the case, align the motherboard, and screw it
down.
3. Install CPU and Cooler: Carefully place the CPU in its socket, apply thermal paste, and install
the cooler.
4. Install RAM: Firmly press RAM modules into their slots.
5. Connect Storage Devices: Attach HDDs/SSDs to the motherboard using SATA cables and
power connectors.
6. Install GPU: Secure the GPU in a PCIe slot, connect power if required.
7. Connect Front Panel Headers: Connect power switch, reset switch, LED, and USB headers.
8. Final Checks: Ensure all cables are connected and not obstructing fans or other components.
Report:
o Document the assembly process with photos or diagrams. Note any challenges faced.
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Lab 9: BIOS/UEFI Configuration
Objective: Learn to navigate and configure BIOS/UEFI settings.
Materials:
o Assembled computer from Lab 8
Procedure:
1. Boot into BIOS/UEFI: Restart the computer and enter BIOS/UEFI (usually by pressing Del, F2,
or F12).
2. System Information: Check system time, boot order, and hardware detection.
3. Configure Settings: Change boot order, enable/disable features like virtualization, adjust fan
speeds.
4. Save and Exit: Save changes and exit, or exit without saving to revert changes.
Report:
o Write down the steps taken and settings changed. Discuss the importance of BIOS/UEFI in
system management.
Lab 10: Hardware Troubleshooting
Objective: Diagnose and fix common hardware issues.
Scenario:
o Computer does not boot.
o No display on monitor.
o System overheating.
Procedure:
1. No Boot: Check power connections, ensure all components are seated correctly, test with
known good PSU.
2. No Display: Verify monitor connection, check for POST beep codes, try integrated graphics if
discrete GPU fails.
3. Overheating: Check fan operation, clean dust, ensure proper airflow, reapply thermal paste if
necessary.
Report:
o Document the problem, diagnosis process, and solution implemented.
Conclusion
This manual provides a structured approach to understanding, assembling, configuring, and
troubleshooting computer hardware. Regular practice with these labs will enhance your practical
skills necessary for the CompTIA A+ certification and beyond.
