ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
Definition of Arithmetic Progression:
An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers, obtained by adding a fixed number to the preceding term starting from the first term
such that the difference between each consecutive term remains the same.
Each of the numbers in the list is called a term and the fixed number is called the common difference of the AP which can be any integer.
For example: 2,5,8,11........ having a common difference of 3.
General term of an AP:
The general form of an AP is: t n=a+ ( n−1 ) d
Where n= number of terms, d = common difference, a = first term
th
n term from the end of a finite A.P.
if ℓ is the last term of the arithmetic progression then r th term from the end is the rth term of an arithmetic progression whose first term is
ℓ and common difference is – d.
rth term form the end = ℓ + (r – 1) (- d)
Geometric Progression: A geometric progression (GP) is a progression if the ratio of any term and its previous term is equal to a fixed constant.
General term , nth term=a r n−1
()
n−1
1
The nth term from the end of a finite G.P. = l
r
If the product of the numbers is given, then in a G.P.,
a
(a) three numbers are taken as , a , ar
r
a a 3
(b) four numbers 3 , , ar , a r
r r
a a 2
(c) five numbers , , a , ar , a r
r
2
r
Sum of n terms of a G.P.
Case I: ¿ 1 , Sn=¿ na¿
S
Case II: |r|<1, n=¿
a(1−rn)
¿
1−r
S
Case III: |r|>1, n=¿
a(rn−1)
¿
r −1
Sum of Arithmetic Progressions
(i) a,n and l are known, take its sum
n
S= ( a+l )
2
n
(ii) a,n and d are known, take its sum S= [2 a+ ( n−1 ) d ]
2
Important Points on Arithmetic Progressions
(i) If each term of the A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied, or divided by the same non-zero constant, the resulting sequence would
also be in A.P.
(ii) In order to solve most of the problems related to A.P., the consecutive terms can be conveniently taken as:
3 Terms: (a−d ) , a ,(a+ d) .
4 Terms: (a−3 d ),(a−d),(a+d ),(a+3 d ).
5 Terms : (a−2 d ),(a−d) , a ,(a+ d)(a+2 d ).
6 Terms : ( a−5 d ) (a−3 d ),(a−d) ,(a+d ),( a+3 d )(a+5 d )
a+b
Arithmetic Mean : Arithmetic mean between a and b =
2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :
1. If the sum of n terms of an arithmetic progression Sn=n 2 – n, then the third term of the series is:
2. Given, 𝑎1, 𝑎2, 𝑎3,…….and 𝑏1, 𝑏2, 𝑏3,……. are real numbers such that 𝑎1 − 𝑏1 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏3 =⋯………. are all equal. 𝑎1 −
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 9
𝑏1, 𝑎2 − 𝑏2, 𝑎3 − 𝑏3………. forms a ______________ progression.
(a) Geometric (r=1) (b) Arithmetic (d=1) (c) Geometric (r¿ 1 ¿(d)Arithmetic (d=0)
3. The 7th term of the given Arithmetic Progression (A.P.):
1 1 1
, +1, +2….. is
a a a
1 1 1 1 2
(a) +6 (b) ) +7 (c) ) +8 (d) ) +7
a a a a
4. Which of the following is NOT a geometric progression?
(a) 1/3, 1, 3, 9 (b) 1/5, 1/5,1/5,1/5
(c) -2, 4, -8, 16 (d) 2,0,4,0,8,0
th
5. 7 term of the GP 0.4,0.8,1.6…. is
(a) 25.6 (b) 52.6 (c) 65.4 (d) 28.4
6. Given a GP with a= 729 and a 7=64 then r = ______
2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 3 7 9
7. The third term of a G.P. is 4, then the product of its first five terms is
(a) 1024 (b) 1027 (d) 1064 (d) 1094
8. If k , 2( k+ 1), 3(k + 1) are three consecutive terms of a G.P. , then the value of k is,
(a) -1 (b) -4 (c) 1 (d) 4
ASSERTION AND REASONING BASED QUESTIONS:
1. Assertion: Sum of natural number from 1 to 100 is 5050
reason: Sum of n natural number is n(n+1)/2
Ans: a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
2. Assertion: Sum of first 15 terms of 2+5+8——- is 345
Reason: Sum of fist n terms in an A.P. is given by the formula: Sn = 2n×[2a+(n−1)d]
Ans: assertion is true but the reason is false.
3. Assertion : the common difference of 2,4,6,8 this A.P. sequence is 3.
Reason : The constant difference between any two terms of an AP is commonly known as common ratio.
Ans: d.) both assertion and reason are false.
4. Given G.P. is 3, – 6, 12, – 24, …, 12288
Assertion : the 6th term from the end is -384
Reasoning : common ratio is -2
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
1. (a) Write the nth term (Tn) of an Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) consisting of all whole numbers which are divisible by 3 and 7.
(b) How many of these are two-digit numbers? Write them.
(c) Find the sum of first 10 terms of this A.P.
[(a) Tn = 21+ (n-1)21 or 21n (b) Four are two-digit numbers. 21, 42,63,84 (c) 1155]
2. A company produces 500 computers in the third year and 600 computers in the seventh year. Assuming that the production increases
uniformly by a constant number every year. Based on the given information, answer the following questions.
(a) The value of the fixed number by which production is increasing every year is__________
(b) The production in the first year is___________
(c) The total production in 10 years is________
(d) The number of computers produced in 21st year is___________
Write the first five terms of the sequence given by ( √ 3 ) , n ∈ N.
(e) The difference of number of computers produced in 10th year and 8th year is ____. [25,450,5625,950,50]
n
3.
(a) Is the sequence an A.P. or G.P?
(b) If the sum of its first ten terms is p (3+√3),find the value of p. [(a) G.P. (b) p=121]
n−1
5
4. Write first five terms of the sequence, whose nth term is n+1
2
(a) Determine whether it is an AP or a GP [GP]
25
(b) Find 3rd term form the end of the sequence so formed. [ ]
16
203
(c) Find the sum of first 4 terms of the sequence. [ ]
32
13125
(d) Find the difference between 7th term and 5th term [ ]
256
875
(e) Find the difference between sum of first 5 terms and first 3 terms. [ ]
64
5. Izhaan starts a small online business, selling handmade crafts. His weekly expenses grow rapidly as his business expands.
He spends Rs 15 in the first week, Rs 45 in the second week. Rs 135 in the third week. Observe the pattern and answer the following
questions:
(a) Is the pattern AP or a GP. Justify your answer. [GP]
th
(b) How much he will spend in the 5 week. [1215]
(c) Find how much, in all will he spend at the end of 8 week [49200]
th th
6. The 4 , 6 and the last term of a geometric progression are 10, 40 and 640 respectively. If the common ratio is positive, find the first
5
term, common ratio and the number of terms of the series. [ , 2 ,10 ]
Write the first five terms of the sequence given by ( 4 ) , n ∈ N.
4
n−1
7.
(a) Is the sequence an A.P. or G.P?
1
(b) If the sum of its first ten terms is p(4 10−1),find the value of p. [(a) G.P. (b) p= ]
3
