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15. Similarity

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75 views6 pages

15. Similarity

Uploaded by

Rahul Dhakad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIMILARITY

Δ ABC and Δ DEF are said to be similar, if their corresponding angles are equal and the corresponding sides are proportional.

i.e., when ∠ A = ∠ D, ∠ B = ∠ E, ∠ C = ∠ F
AB BC AC
= =
and DE EF DF . And, we write Δ ABC ~ Δ DEF.
The sign ‘~’ is read as ‘is similar to’.
THEOREM-1 (Basic Proportionality Theorem ) : If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides, then the
other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
THEOREM-2 (Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem) : If a line divided any two sides of a triangle proportionally, the line is parallel to the
third side.
THEOREM-3:The areas of two similar triangles are proportional to the squares on their corresponding sides.
Given : Δ ABC ~ Δ DEF
Area of Δ ABC AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
= 2= 2= 2
Then Area of Δ DEF DE EF DF

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:


1. In the given diagram (not drawn to scale), railway stations A, B, C, P and Q are connected by straight tracks. Track PQ is parallel to BC.
The time taken by a train travelling at 90km/hr to reach B from A by the shortest route is:
(a) 8 minutes (b) 12 minutes (c) 16.8 minutes (d) 20 minutes
2. The scale factor of a picture and the actual height of Sonia is 20cm: 1.6m. If her height in the picture is 18cm, then her actual height is:

3. In the given diagram, ∆ABC ∼ ∆PQR. If AD and PS are bisectors of ∠BAC and ∠QPR respectively then:
(a) 14.4m (b) 2.25m (c) 1.78m (d) 1.44 m

{2024}

(a) ∆ABC ∼ ∆PQS (b) ∆ABD ∼ ∆PQS (c) ∆ABD ∼ ∆PSR (d) ∆ABC ∼ ∆PSR
ASSERTION AND REASON BASED QUESTIONS:
1. Assertion : In the 3ABC , AB = 24 cm, BC = 10 cm and AC = 26 cm, then ∆ ABC is a right angle triangle.
Reason : If in two triangles, their corresponding angles are equal, then the triangles are similar.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
2. Assertion : ABC and DEF are two similar triangles such that BC = 4 cm, EF = 5 cm
and area of ∆ ABC = 64 cm2 , then area of ∆ DEF = 100 cm2.
Reason : The areas of two similar triangles are in the ratio of the squares of the corresponding Sides.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Practice questions:
1. ABCD is a rectangle where side BC is twice side AB. If ∆ACQ~∆BAP, find area of ∆BAP: area of ∆ACQ.
[1:5]
2. Given a triangle ABC, and D is a point on BC such that BD = 4cm and DC = x cm. If ∠BAD = ∠C, and AB = 8cm, then,
(a) prove that triangle ABD is similar to triangle CBA.
(b) find the value of ‘x’. [x = 12cm]

3. The approximate volume of a human eye is 6.5 c m3. The volume of a laboratory model (excluding base and stand) of the human eye is
1404 c m3.
(a) State whether the scale factor k is less than, equals to or greater than 1.
(b) Calculate the:
(i) value of k
(ii) diameter of the human eye if the radius of the model is 7.2 cm.
(iii) the external surface area of the human eye if the surface area of the model is 651.6 c m2.

4. In the given figure(not drawn to scale), BC is parallel to EF, CD is parallel to FG, AE : EB = 2:3, ∠BAD= 70°, ∠ACB = 105°, ∠ADC
[(a)k >1(b)(i)k =6(ii)2.4 cm(iii)18.1 cm2]

= 40° and AC is bisector of ∠BAD. (a) Prove Δ AEF ~ ΔAGF (b) Find: i. AG: AD ii. area of ΔACB: area Δ ACD iii. area of
quadrilateral ABCD: area of Δ ACB. [(b) i. 2:5 ii. 1:1 iii. 2:1]
5. In the figure given above (not drawn to scale), AD ∥ GE ∥ BC,DE = 18 cm, EC = 3cm, AD = 35 cm. Find : (a) AF:FC (b) length of EF (c)
area(trapezium ADEF ) : area(ΔEFC) (d) BC∶ GF [(a) 6:1 (b) 5 cm (c) 48:1 (d) 7:6]

6. In the given diagram, ABC is a triangle and BCFD is a parallelogram. AD : DB=4 :5 And EF =15 cm. Find
(i) AE: EC [4 :5]
(ii) DE [12 cm]
(iii) BC [27 cm]
7. In the given diagram, ∆ABC is right angled at B. BDFE is a rectangle. AD = 6 cm, CE = 4 cm and BC = 12 cm
(i) prove that ∆ADF ~∆FEC
(ii) prove that ∆ADF ~∆ABC
(iii) find the length of FE [3 cm]
(iv) find area ∆ADF : area ∆ABC [4 :9]

8. In the given figure chords AD and BC intersect at P, where AB = 9 cm, PB = 3 cm and PD = 2 cm.
(a) prove that ∆APB ~∆CPD
(b) find the length of CD [ 6 cm]
(c) find area ∆APB : area ∆CPD [9 : 4]
9. In the given diagram ∆ADB and ∆ACB are two right angled triangles with ∠ADB = ∠BCA = 900 . If AB = 10 cm, AD = 6 cm, BC =
2.4 cm and DP = 4.5 cm

(a) Prove that ∆APD ∼ ∆BPC


(b) Find the length of BD and PB [7.5 cm ,3cm]
(c) Hence, find the length of PA [7.5 cm]
(d) Find area ∆APD : area ∆BPC [25 : 4]

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