o'level

book-5
O'Level PAGE 3 Book-5

Syllabus

Section V: Electricity and Magnetism

17. Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Content
17.1 Laws of magnetism
17.2 Magnetic properties of matter
17.3 Electromagnetism

Learning outcomes
Candidates should be able to:

(a) state the properties of magnets.

(b) describe induced magnetism.
(c) state the differences between magnetic, non-magnetic and magnetised materials.
(d) describe electrical methods of magnetisation and demagnetisation.
(e) describe the plotting of magnetic field lines with a compass.
(f) state the differences between the properties of temporary magnets (e.g. iron) and permanent magnets
(e.g. steel).
(g) describe uses of permanent magnets and electromagnets.
(h) explain the choice of material for, and use of, magnetic screening.
(i) describe the use of magnetic materials in a computer hard disk drive.
(j) describe the pattern of the magnetic field due to currents in straight wires and in solenoids and state the
effect on the magnetic field of changing the magnitude and direction of the current.
(k) describe applications of the magnetic effect of a current in relays, circuit-breakers and loudspeakers.
O'Level PAGE 4 Book-5

22. Electromagnetism
Content
22.1 Force on a current-carrying conductor
22.2 The d.c. motor

Learning outcomes
Candidates should be able to:
(a) describe experiments to show the force on a current-carrying conductor, and on a beam of charged
particles, in a magnetic field, including the effect of reversing (1) the current, (2) the direction of the field.
(b) state the relative directions of force, field and current.
(c) describe the field patterns between currents in parallel conductors and relate these to the forces which
exist between the conductors (excluding the Earth’s field).
(d) explain how a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning effect and that the effect is
increased by increasing (1) the number of turns on the coil, (2) the current.
(e) discuss how this turning effect is used in the action of an electric motor.
(f) describe the action of a split-ring commutator in a two-pole, single-coil motor and the effect of winding
the coil onto a soft iron cylinder.

23. Electromagnetic Induction

Content
23.1 Principles of electromagnetic induction
23.2 The a.c. generator
23.3 The transformer

Learning outcomes
Candidates should be able to:
(a) describe an experiment which shows that a changing magnetic field can induce an e.m.f. in a circuit.
(b) state the factors affecting the magnitude of the induced e.m.f.
(c) state that the direction of a current produced by an induced e.m.f. opposes the change producing it
(Lenz’s Law) and describe how this law may be demonstrated.
(d) describe a simple form of a.c. generator (rotating coil or rotating magnet) and the use of slip rings where
needed.
(e) *sketch a graph of voltage output against time for a simple a.c. generator.
(f) describe the structure and principle of operation of a simple iron-cored transformer.
(g) state the advantages of high voltage transmission.
(h) discuss the environmental and cost implications of underground power transmission compared to
overhead lines.
O'Level PAGE 5 Book-5

24. Introductory Electronics

Content
24.1 Thermionic emission
24.2 Simple treatment of cathode-ray oscilloscope
24.3 Action and use of circuit components

Learning outcomes
Candidates should be able to:
(a) state that electrons are emitted by a hot metal filament.
(b) explain that to cause a continuous flow of emitted electrons requires (1) high positive potential and
(2) very low gas pressure.
(c) describe the deflection of an electron beam by electric fields and magnetic fields.
(d) state that the flow of electrons (electron current) is from negative to positive and is in the opposite
direction to conventional current.
(e) describe in outline the basic structure and action of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) (detailed circuits
are not required).
(f) describe the use of a cathode-ray oscilloscope to display waveforms and to measure p.d.s and short
intervals of time (detailed circuits are not required).
(g) explain how the values of resistors are chosen according to a colour code and why widely different
values are needed in different types of circuit.
(h) discuss the need to choose components with suitable power ratings.
(i) describe the action of thermistors and light-dependent resistors and explain their use as input sensors
(thermistors will be assumed to be of the negative temperature coefficient type).
(j) describe the action of a variable potential divider (potentiometer).
(k) describe the action of a diode in passing current in one direction only.
(l) describe the action of a light-emitting diode in passing current in one direction only and emitting light.
(m) describe the action of a capacitor as a charge store and explain its use in time-delay circuits.
(n) describe and explain the action of relays in switching circuits.
(o) describe and explain circuits operating as light-sensitive switches and temperature-operated alarms
(using a relay or other circuits).
O'Level PAGE 6 Book-5

25. Electronic Systems

Note: There is no compulsory question set on Section 25 of the syllabus. Questions set on topics within
Section 25 are always set as an alternative within a question.

Content
25.1 Switching and logic circuits
25.2 Bistable and astable circuits

Learning outcomes
Candidates should be able to:
(a) describe the action of a bipolar npn transistor as an electrically operated switch and explain its use in
switching circuits.
(b) state in words and in truth table form, the action of the following logic gates, AND, OR, NAND, NOR and
NOT (inverter).
(c) state the symbols for the logic gates listed above (American ANSI Y 32.14 symbols will be used).
(d) describe the use of a bistable circuit.
(e) discuss the fact that bistable circuits exhibit the property of memory.
O'Level PAGE 7 Book-5

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O'Level PAGE 8 Book-5
O'Level PAGE 9 Book-5

1 A permanent magnet can be demagnetised by using a solenoid and switching the current on then
off.

Which diagram shows the most effective method of producing demagnetisation?

A B

N S N S

magnet left in place magnet withdrawn before

switching off

C D

N S N S

magnet left in place magnet withdrawn before

switching off (Q24/P1/N02)

2 The number of turns between each pair of output terminals of a transformer is shown in the
diagram.

P
10 turns
Q
20 20 turns
6V turns R
40 turns

Between which two terminals will the output be 12 V?

A P and Q B Q and R C R and S D P and R

(Q32/P1/J03)
O'Level PAGE 10 Book-5

3 The diagram shows a metal bar swinging like a pendulum across a uniform magnetic field. The
motion induces an e.m.f. between the ends of the bar.

pivot

magnetic field

Which graph represents this e.m.f. during one complete oscillation of the bar, starting and finishing
at P?

A B C D
e.m.f. e.m.f. e.m.f. e.m.f.

0 0 0 0
time time time time

(Q34/P1/J03)

4 The diagram shows part of a magnetic relay. M is part of the core of the magnet. L is part of the
armature which is attracted to the core when a current flows through the coil. S is a stud which
stops the armature being attracted too strongly.

M S
coil

Which line of the table gives the best materials for M, L and S?

M L S

A iron iron iron

B iron iron copper

C iron copper copper

D copper copper copper

(Q23/P1/J03)
O'Level PAGE 11 Book-5

5 A simple a.c. generator produces a voltage that varies with time as shown.

( Q3 4 / P1 / N0 3 )

6 A small coil is connected to a galvanometer as shown below. When the magnet is allowed to fall
towards the coil, the galvanometer pointer gives a momentary deflection to the right of the
zero position.

S
N

galvanometer

The magnet moves through the coil and, as it falls away from the coil, the galvanometer pointer

A gives a continuous reading to the left.

B gives a momentary deflection to the left. (Q33/P1/N03)

C gives a momentary deflection to the right.

D gives a continuous reading to the right.
O'Level PAGE 12 Book-5

7 The diagram shows a beam of electrons entering a magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic
field is out of the page.

electrons

region of the magnetic field

out of the page

In which direction does the deflection of the electrons occur?

A into the page

B out of the page
C towards the bottom of the page
D towards the top of the page (Q31/P1/N03)

8 Which of the following has no effect on the size of the turning effect on the coil of an electric
motor?

A the size of the current in the coil

B the direction of the current in the coil
C the number of turns in the coil
D the strength of the magnetic field
(Q30/P1/N03)

9 A step-down transformer changes 240 V a.c. to 12 V a.c. There are 600 turns on the primary coil.

How many turns are on the secondary coil?

A 20 B 30 C 600 D 12 000
(Q34/P1/J04)

10 A student pushes the N-pole of a bar magnet into the end Q of a long solenoid and observes a
deflection to the right on the sensitive ammeter.

N S
P Q

What will produce a deflection in the same direction?

A pulling the N-pole out of end Q

B pulling the S-pole out of end P

C pushing the N-pole into end P
D pushing the S-pole into end P (Q32/P1/J04)
O'Level PAGE 13 Book-5

11 The diagram shows a beam of electrons entering a magnetic field.

magnetic field

beam of
electrons

What is the effect of the magnetic field on the electrons?

A They are deflected into the plane of the diagram.

B They are deflected out of the plane of the diagram.
C They are deflected towards the bottom of the diagram.
D They are deflected towards the top of the diagram.
(Q31/P1/J04)

12 Four different substances are tested by using each as the core of an electromagnet.

The number of paper clips each holds is recorded when there is a current in the electromagnet
and when the current is switched off.

core

paper clips

Which substance is the best for making the core of a transformer?

number of paper clips held

number of paper clips held
when there is a current in
when current is switched off
the electromagnet

A 8 4

B 6 0

C 5 1

D 4 0
(Q26/P1/J04)
O'Level PAGE 14 Book-5

13 A bar magnet is broken into three parts X, Y and Z.

N S

X Y Z

Which diagram shows the poles in X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A N S

B N N S S

C N N S N S S

D N S N S N S
(Q27/P1/N04)

14 Electrical energy is transmitted at high alternating voltages.

What is not a valid reason for doing this?

A At high voltage, a.c. is safer than d.c.

B For a given power, there is a lower current with a higher voltage.

C There is a smaller power loss at higher voltage and lower current.

D The transmission lines can be thinner with a lower current. (Q35/P1/J05)

15 Which statement about the action of a transformer is correct?

A An e.m.f. is induced in the secondary coil when an alternating voltage is applied to the
primary coil.
B An e.m.f. is induced in the secondary coil when there is a steady direct current in the primary
coil.
C The current in the secondary coil is always larger than the current in the primary coil.
D The voltage in the secondary coil is always larger than the voltage in the primary coil.

(Q34/P1/J05)

16 X and Y are wires carrying electric currents at right angles to the page. P, Q and R are plotting
compasses. Any effect of the Earth’s magnetic field has been ignored.

X Y
P Q R

What is true about the direction and size of the currents?

direction of currents size of currents

A same larger in X than in Y
B same smaller in X than in Y
C different larger in X than in Y

D different smaller in X than in Y (Q32/P1/J05)

 O'Level PAGE 15 Book-5

17 A girl turns the handle of a small a.c. generator four times each second. The generator produces
a maximum output voltage of 0.5 V.

Which of the following graphs best shows this?

A B

0.5 0.5
output output
voltage/V voltage/V
0 0
0.5 1 time / s 0.5 1 1.5 2 time / s
0 0

–0.5 –0.5

C D
0.25 0.25
output output
voltage/V voltage/V
0 0
0.5 1 0.5 1 1.5 2 time / s
time / s 0
0

–0.25 –0.25

(Q33/P1/J05)

18. A coil, carrying a current, is arranged within a magnetic field. The coil experiences forces that can make it move.
make it move.

Y
current

magnetic field
current
X

In which direction does the coil move?

A along the magnetic field

B from X to Y
C out of the paper
D turns about the axis XY (Q32/P1/N05)
O'Level PAGE 16 Book-5

19 A student tries to magnetise a short steel rod.

Which of these tests will show that he has been successful?

A both ends of a permanent magnet attract the rod

B one end of a permanent magnet repels the rod

C the rod picks up a small piece of paper (Q25/P1/N05)
D when freely suspended, the rod points in any direction

20 A permanent magnet moving up and down on the end of a spring induces an e.m.f. in a coil.

support
spring

S permanent
movement
magnet
N

coil

Which factor, on its own, would decrease the maximum value of the induced e.m.f.?

A increasing the number of turns in the coil

B increasing the strength of the magnet
C raising the coil
D raising the support of the spring
(Q35/P1/J06)

21 The diagram shows parts of a loudspeaker.

cone

magnet

S N S
turns on the coil

Which type of current is passed through the coil and why?

current passed through coil reason why

A alternating to keep the magnetic field constant

B alternating to make the coil vibrate
C direct to keep the magnetic field constant

D direct to make the coil vibrate

(Q28/P1/J06)
O'Level PAGE 17 Book-5

22 A transformer has more turns on the secondary coil than on the primary. The graph shows how

the input voltage varies with time.

voltage
0
time

Which graph, drawn to the same scale as the input graph, shows how the output voltage varies
with time?

voltage
A 0
time

voltage
B 0
time

voltage
C 0
time

voltage
D 0
time
(Q33/P1/N06)

23 The diagram shows a coil in a magnetic field.

S N

X Y

When the coil is part of a d.c. motor, what must be connected directly to X and Y?

A d.c. supply
B slip rings
C soft-iron core
D split-ring commutator
(Q32/P1/N06)
O'Level PAGE 18 Book-5

24 A copper wire is held between the poles of a magnet.

magnet

N
wire

The current in the wire can be reversed. The poles of the magnet can also be changed over.

In how many of the four directions shown can the force act on the wire?

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 (Q31/P1/N06)

25 A current in a solenoid creates a magnetic field.

What is the effect on the magnetic field at the point P of using a larger current in the opposite
direction?

field strength field direction

A decreases reverses

B decreases unchanged

C increases reverses

D unchanged
increases (Q24/P1/N06)
 O'Level PAGE 19 Book-5

26 The diagram shows how a magnet and a coil may be used to induce an electric current.

coil moving towards magnet

N S

magnet
A

How could the ammeter reading be increased?

A Move the coil more slowly.

B Put a resistor in series with the ammeter.
C Turn the magnet round, then move the coil.
D Use a coil with more turns.

(Q35/P1/J07)

27 In a d.c. motor, the coil is wound on a soft iron cylinder

Why is soft iron used?

A to increase the strength of the magnetic field

B to increase the weight of the coil
C to insulate the coil from the magnet
D to prevent the coil from spinning too quickly
(Q34/P1/J07)

28 The diagrams show the forces F between two wires carrying currents out of the page. The
magnetic fields close to the wires are also shown.
Which diagram is correct?

A B C D

F F F F

key

magnetic wire
field line carrying
current
F F F F
(Q33/P1/J07)
O'Level PAGE 20 Book-5

29 Four metal rods are placed, in turn, inside a coil of copper wire.

current in coil

metal rod

paper clips

Each rod is used to pick up as many paper clips as possible. The current is then switched off.

The table gives the results of the experiment.

Which rod is the most suitable core for a coil in a circuit breaker?

number of paper clips number of paper clips

picked up when there still attached after the
is a current in the coil current is switched off

A 1 0
B 20 2
C 35 0
D 35 30 (Q25/P1/J07)

30 The diagram shows a brass rod and an iron rod beside each other at the bottom of a rectangular
coil.

to d.c.
supply

rectangular
coil

brass iron
rod rod

What happens when a d.c. current passes through the coil?

A Only the brass rod is magnetised.

B Only the iron rod is magnetised.
C The two rods attract each other.
D The two rods repel each other.
(Q24/P1/J07)
O'Level PAGE 21 Book-5

31 A small coil is connected to a sensitive ammeter. The ammeter needle can move to either side of
the zero position.

As the magnet falls towards the coil, the ammeter needle moves quickly to the right of the zero
position.

The magnet moves through the coil.

How does the ammeter needle move as the magnet falls away from the coil?

A It does not move.

B It gives a steady reading to the right.
C It moves quickly to the left of the zero position and then returns to zero.

D It moves quickly to the right of the zero position and then returns to zero.
(Q35/P1/N07)

32 The diagram shows a beam of electrons entering a magnetic field. The direction of the field is into
the page.

magnetic field
electron beam into page

In which direction are the electrons deflected?

A into the page

B out of the page

C towards the bottom of the page
D towards the top of the page (Q33/P1/N07)

33 Which part of a video tape recording system does not rely on magnetic material for its operation?
A the drive motor
B the power lead
C the transformer
(Q25/P1/N07)
D the video tape
O'Level PAGE 22 Book-5

34 The diagram shows a model railway signal.

P
iron nail

a.c. supply coil

What does the end P do when the switch is closed?

A It goes down and stays down.

B It goes up and stays up.

C It goes down and then returns to its original position.
(Q24/P1/N07)
D It goes up and then returns to its original position.

35 Which transformer arrangement produces an output voltage that is larger than the input voltage?

A B
iron core iron core

d.c. output a.c. output

input input

C D
iron core iron core

d.c. a.c.
output output
input input

(Q36/P1/J08)
36 A conductor is moving horizontally across a vertical magnetic field.

N conductor

movement
of conductor

S
A

An e.m.f. is induced in the conductor. No deflection is seen on the ammeter.

What is the reason for this?

A The ammeter is not between the poles.

B The conductor is moving too slowly. (Q34/P1/J08)
C The conductor is not cutting field lines.

D The poles are too close together.

O'Level PAGE 23 Book-5
37 The diagram shows a simple electric
motor.

N S

+ – single coil

split-ring

The split-ring commutator reverses the current in the coil as the coil
commutator
rotates. The coil is rotated 360° from the position shown.

How many times is the current in the coil reversed?

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
(Q33/P1/J08)
38 The diagram shows how a steel bar can be
magnetised.
d.c. supply
+ –

steel
bar
Which statement describes how the steel bar can be
demagnetised?
A Reverse the d.c. supply and gradually decrease the current in the
circuit.
B Reverse the d.c. supply and gradually increase the current in the
circuit.
C Use an a.c. supply and gradually decrease the current in the (Q27/P1/J08)
circuit.
D Use an a.c. supply and gradually increase the current in the
circuit.
39 Which diagram shows how the voltage output of a simple a.c. generator varies with
time?
A B

voltage voltage

0 0
0 time 0 time

C D

voltage voltage

0 0
0 time 0 time

(Q35/P1/N08)
O'Level PAGE 24 Book-5

40 A simple a.c. generator pr oduces a voltage that varies with time as shown.

2
voltage / V
1
0 time / s
0 1 2 3 4
–1

–2

Which graph shows how the voltage varies with time when the generator rotates at twice the
original speed?

2
voltage / V
1
A 0 time / s
0 1 2 3 4
–1

–2

2
voltage / V
1
B 0 time / s
0 1 2 3 4
–1
–2

2
voltage / V
1
C 0 time / s
0 1 2 3 4
–1
–2

2
voltage / V
1
D 0 time / s
0 1 2 3 4
–1
–2

(Q34/P1/J09)
O'Level PAGE 25 Book-5

41 A d.c. motor consists of a coil of many turns rotating in a fixed magnetic field. The coil is
connected to a d.c. supply through a split-ring commutator.

ax l e

P Q coil of many turns

P, Q: halves of split-ring

Some changes are made, one at a time.

• The d.c. supply is reversed.

• The coil is turned before switching on, so that P starts on the right and Q on the left.

• The poles of the magnet are reversed.

• The turns on the coil are increased in number.

How many of these changes make the coil rotate in the opposite direction?

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
(Q32/P1/J09)

42 An a.c. supply is connected to a wire stretched between the poles of a magnet

N
S a.c.
supply

Which way will the wire move?

A left and right

B right only
C up and down
D up only
(Q31/P1/J09)
O'Level PAGE 26 Book-5

43 An iron nail can be magnetised using a coil.

How can the nail be demagnetised?

A leaving the apparatus switched on for a long time

B removing the nail from the coil while using an a.c. supply
C using a coil with fewer turns
D using more cells (Q24/P1/J09)

44 A simple model of a d.c. motor is made. By mistake, the split-ring commutator is left out. The coil
can turn, but is always connected to the battery in the same way.
axle

The coil starts in the horizontal position.

What happens to the coil when the circuit is switched on?

A It does not move at all.

B It moves upwards, out of the magnetic field.
C It turns to the vertical position and eventually stops there.
D It turns to the vertical position then comes back to the horizontal position.
(Q32/P1/N09)
O'Level PAGE 27 Book-5

45 The graph shows the output of an a.c. generator. The coil in the generator rotates 20 times in one
second.

+2
output
p.d. / V
+1

0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–

Which graph shows the output when the coil rotates 10 times in one second?

+2
output
p.d. / V
+1

A 0
0 .05
0.05 0 time / s
–

+2
output
p.d. / V
+1

B 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–

+1
output
C p.d. / V 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–

+1
output
D p.d. / V 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
– (Q34/P1/N09)
 O'Level PAGE 28 Book-5

46 Each diagram shows a cross-section through two parallel conductors, each carrying an electric
current.

In the conductor on the left, the current is into the page; on the right, it is out of the page.

Which diagram shows the directions of the forces on the two conductors?
A B

C D

(Q31/P1/N09)

47 Which row describes the ease with which iron or steel can be magnetised and demagnetised?

metal magnetised demagnetised

A iron difficult easy

B iron easy difficult
C steel difficult difficult
D steel
teel easy easy
(Q24/P1/N09)

48 A magnet is pushed slowly into a coil and there is a current in the coil in the direction shown.

magnet

current

The magnet is then pulled out quickly from the same end of the coil.

What happens to the direction and the size of the current?

direction
irec size

A reversed decreased
B reversed increased
C unchanged decreased
D unchanged increased
(Q34/P11/J10)
O'Level PAGE 29 Book-5

49 A long flexible wire is wrapped round two wooden pegs. A large current is passed in the direction
shown.

J K

L M

Which two pairs of lengths of wire attract each other?

first pair second pair

A J and K K and M
B J and K L and M
C J and L K and M
D J and L L and M (Q32/P11/J10)

50 Which properties make materials suitable for use as a core in an electromagnet?

A difficult to magnetise and easy to demagnetise

B difficult to magnetise and retains magnetic strength

C easy to magnetise and retains magnetic strength

D easy to magnetise and easy to demagnetise

(Q24/P11/J10)

51 Electric power cables transmit electrical energy over large distances using a high voltage,
alternating current.

What are the advantages of using a high voltage and of using an alternating current?

advantage of using a high voltage advantage of using an alternating current

A a higher current is produced in the cable the resistance of the cable is reduced
B a higher current is produced in the cable the voltage can be changed using a transformer
C less energy is wasted in the cable the resistance of the cable is reduced
D less energy is wasted in the cable the voltage can be changed using a transformer

(Q33/P12/N10)
 O'Level PAGE 30 Book-5

52 The diagram shows a beam of electrons entering a magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic
field is downwards, towards the bottom of the page.

electrons

region of the
magnetic field

In which direction does the deflection of the electrons occur?

A into the page

B out of the page
C towards the bottom of the page
D towards the top of the page
(Q36/P11/N10)

53 The diagram shows an a.c. generator connected to an electrical circuit (load resistor).

coil of axle
many turns
mechanical drive

N S

slip rings

load resistor

Which statement is correct?

A The direction of the potential difference across the load resistor is always the same.
B The size of the induced e.m.f. depends on the number of turns in the coil.
C The size of the induced e.m.f. does not change as the coil turns.
D Winding the coil on a soft-iron cylinder makes no difference to the induced e.m.f.

(Q34/P11/N10)
O'Level PAGE 31 Book-5

54 A cathode-ray oscilloscope is connected to an a.c. generator.

A wave is seen on the screen of the oscilloscope.

peak

The speed of rotation of the generator is doubled.

What is the effect on the wave?

number of peaks amplitude of wave

on the screen on the screen

A doubled doubled

B doubled same

C same doubled
D same same
(Q35/P11/J10)

55 What does not alter the size of the turning effect on the coil of an electric motor
A the direction of the current in the coil
B the number of turns in the coil
C the size of the current in the coil
D the strength of the magnetic field (Q33/P11/N10)

56 Two parallel vertical wires P and Q are a small distance apart in air. There is a downwards
electric current in both wires. A force acts on Q owing to the current in P. This force is
perpendicular to the wire Q.

What is the direction of the force on Q?

P Q

D B

(Q32/P11/N10)
 O'Level PAGE 32 Book-5

57 The diagram shows part of an a.c. generator when its coil is in a horizontal position.

magnet coil

N S

The graph shows the voltage output plotted against time.

Which point on the graph shows when the coil is in a vertical position?

A
voltage
output D

B
0
0 time

C
(Q33/P12/J11)

58 The electromotive force (e.m.f.) induced in a conductor moving at right-angles to a magnetic field
does not depend upon

A the length of the conductor.

B the resistance of the conductor.
C the speed of the conductor.
D the strength of the magnetic field.
(Q35/P11/J11)

59 The coi l in an electric motor is wound onto a cylinder.

Why is the cylinder made of soft iron?

A to deflect the magnetic field away from the coil

B to increase the current through the coil
C to increase the strength of the magnetic field through the coil

D to support the coil and prevent it from collapsing (Q34/P11/J11)

O'Level PAGE 33 Book-5

60 The diagram shows three pairs of parallel wires with the currents in the directions shown.

X Y Z

For each pair of wires, what are the forces between the wires?

X Y Z

A attraction
ttra none repulsion
B attraction repulsion attraction
C repulsion attraction repulsion
D repulsion repulsion repulsion
(Q33/P11/J11)

61 Which list contains an example of a non-magnetic material, a magnetic material and a

magnetised material?

A copper, iron, a compass needle

B copper, iron, polythene
C iron, steel, a compass needle
D iron, steel, polythene (Q26/P11/J11)

62 A small coil is connected to a galvanometer G, as shown.

When a magnet is allowed to fall towards the coil, the galvanometer pointer gives a momentary
deflection to the right of the zero position.

The magnet moves through the coil.

What happens to the galvanometer pointer as the magnet falls away from the coil?

A It gives a continuous reading to the left.

B It gives a momentary deflection to the left.

C It gives a continuous reading to the right.

D It gives a momentary deflection to the right. (Q37/P11/N11)

O'Level PAGE 34 Book-5

63 One component of a simple d.c. motor is a split-ring commutator.

Which metal is used to make the commutator, and why is this metal chosen?

metal reason

A copper it is a good conductor of electricity

B copper it is a good conductor of heat
C iron it increases the magnetic field strength

D iron it is attracted to the brushes

(Q36/P11/N11)

64 The diagrams show three electrical devices, X, Y and Z.

coil rotation soft iron

N rotation
rotation N
axis
coil N S S

S cylindrical
magnet coil

X Y Z

Which devices provide an alternating current (a.c.) output?

A X only B Y only C X and Y D X and Z

(Q35/P11/N11)

65 Two parallel wires carry currents in the same direction.

Which diagram shows the magnetic field around each wire and the direction of the force on each
wire?

A B

currents currents
magnetic magnetic
fields fields

forces forces

C D

currents currents
magnetic magnetic
fields fields

forces forces

(Q34/P11/N11)
O'Level PAGE 35 Book-5

66 The diagram shows an alarm system.

battery P
iron core

iron armature

pivot

bell

What happens when battery P is disconnected?

iron armature bell

A falls rings

B falls stops ringing

C moves up rings
D moves up stops ringing
(Q25/P11/N11)

67 Which graph represents the voltage output of a simple a.c. generator?

A B

voltage voltage

0 0
0 time 0 time

C D

voltage voltage

0 0
0 time 0 time

(Q36/P12/J12)
O'Level PAGE 36 Book-5

68 A bar magnet is pushed into one end of a long coil connected to a sensitive meter.
bar magnet coil

sensitive meter

Which of the following affects the magnitude of the deflection of the meter?

A the direction in which the coil is wound

B the speed with which the magnet enters the coil
C which end of the coil is used
D which pole of the magnet enters first (Q35/P12/J12)

69 A rectangular coil is placed between the poles of a magnet. A current passes through the coil, as
shown.

N S

What happens to the coil?

A It moves downwards.
B It moves upwards.
C It rotates anticlockwise.
D It rotates clockwise. (Q34/P12/J12)

70 The diagram shows a beam of electrons entering a magnetic field. The direction of the field is into
the page.

magnetic field
beam of electrons into page

In which direction are the electrons deflected?

A into the page

B out of the page

C towards the bottom of the page

D towards the top of the page

(Q33/P12/J12)
O'Level PAGE 37 Book-5

71 Two long, straight wires hang vertically, close to each other.

The wires carry currents in opposite directions.

current current
out of page into page

Which diagram shows the magnetic field pattern around the wires?

A B

C D

(Q26/P12/J12)

72 Why is a transformer used to connect a generator in a power station to a long-distance

transmission line?

A to decrease the voltage and decrease the current

B to decrease the voltage and increase the current
C to increase the voltage and decrease the current
D to increase the voltage and increase the current
(Q36/P11/J12)

73 A current is produced when a wire is moved between two magnets as shown.

ammeter A

N S

movement
of wire

Which device uses this effect?

A a battery
B a generator
C a motor
(Q35/P11/J12)
D an electromagnet
O'Level PAGE 38 Book-5

74 A simple d.c. motor consists of a coil that rotates between the poles of a permanent magnet. The

turning effect is increased by winding the coil on a metal cylinder.

Which metals are used to make the magnet and the cylinder?

magnet cylinder

A iron copper
B iron steel
C steel copper
D steel
teel iron
(Q34/P11/J12)

75 A current-carrying wire is placed between the poles of a magnet.

What is the direction of the force on the wire due to the current?

N D B S

C
(Q33/P11/J12)

76 A magnet is moved towards a coil of insulated wire. A voltmeter connected across the coil shows

a positive reading.

What produces a higher reading on the voltmeter?

A moving the magnet away from the coil at the same speed
B moving the magnet away from the coil at a slower speed
C moving the magnet towards the coil at a faster speed
D moving the magnet towards the coil at a slower speed
(Q35/P12/N12)

77 Which single-coil motor has the largest turning effect?

number of turns
current in coil / A iron core
in coil

A 6 10 no
B 10
0 2 no
C 6 10 yes
D 10
0 2 yes
(Q34/P12/N12)
O'Level PAGE 39 Book-5

78 Two parallel wires carry currents in opposite directions. Three plotting compasses are placed in
the positions shown.

The currents in both wires are reversed. How many compass needles change direction?
(Ignore the effect of the Earth’s magnetic field.)

A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3 (Q33/P12/N12)

79 A magnet is placed close to an iron bar.

magnet
S N X iron Y

The iron bar becomes an induced magnet.

Which magnetic poles are formed at the ends X and Y of the bar?

end X end Y

A N N
B N S
C S N
D S S
(Q26/P12/N12)
80 Each of the diagrams shows a cross-section through two parallel, current-carrying conductors.

Which diagram shows the shape of the magnetic field pattern and the directions of the forces on
the two conductors?

key
A conductor carrying current into page
conductor carrying current out of page

(Q33/P11/N12)
 O'Level PAGE 40 Book-5

81 A simple a.c. generator produces an alternating e.m.f. as shown.

1.0

e.m.f. / V 0
0 1.0 2.0 time / s
_

1.0

The speed of the generator is doubled.

Which graph best represents the new output?

1.0

A e.m.f. / V 0
0 1.0 2.0 time /s
_

1.0

2.0

1.0

B e.m.f. / V 0
0 1.0 2.0 time /s
_

1.0
_

2.0

1.0

C e.m.f. / V 0
0 1.0 2.0 time /s
_

1.0

2.0

1.0

D e.m.f. / V 0
0 1.0 2.0 time /s
_

1.0
(Q36/P11/N12)
_

2.0

82 A vertical wire passes at right angles through a piece of card. There is a large current in the wire
in the direction shown.

direction of
current in wire

card

plotting
compass

A plotting compass is placed on the card.

Which diagram shows the direction in which the needle of the plotting compass points?

A B C D
(Q26/P11/N12)
O'Level PAGE 41 Book-5

83 The magnetic field around two bar magnets is shown.

Which diagram represents the correct arrangement of magnetic poles?

A N S N S

B N S S N

C S N N S

D S N S N
(Q29/P12/J13)

84 Two leads emerging from a box are connected to a sensitive ammeter.

bar magnet ammeter

When a bar magnet moves towards the open end of the box, the needle of the ammeter deflects
to the right. When the bar magnet stops, the needle returns to zero.

What is inside the box?

A a coil alone
B a coil connected in series with a cell
C a light-dependent resistor (LDR) alone

D an LDR in series with a cell

(Q36/P11/J13)

85. The diagram shows a simple d.c. motor.

Which labelled part is the commutator?

D
(Q35/P11/J13)
O'Level PAGE 42 Book-5

86 The diagrams show a small compass close to a strong bar magnet.

Which diagram shows the correct compass direction?

A B C D

S S S S

N N N N

(Q27/P11/J13)

87 A teacher sticks a magnet to the top surface of a match-box cover. The bottom surface is placed
in a small tray of iron paperclips. As the match-box cover is lifted up, a large number of paperclips
are held on the bottom surface.

magnet
match-box
cover

paperclips

Sheets of metal are placed inside the match-box cover, between the magnet and the paperclips.

metal sheet

When sheet X is placed inside, the paperclips stay attached. When sheet Y is placed inside, all
the paperclips fall off.

Which metals are the sheets made from?

sheet X sheet Y

A aluminium
lumini copper
B copper
oppe iron
C iron aluminium

D iron copper
(Q26/P11/J13)
O'Level PAGE 43 Book-5

88 The graph shows the output of an a.c. generator. T he coil in the generator rotates 20 times in one
second.

+1
output
p.d. / V
0
0 0.05
.05 0 time /s
–

The speed of rotation of the coil steadily increases.

Which graph best shows how the output changes?

+1
output
p.d. / V
A 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–
–

+1
output
p.d. / V
B 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–1

+2
output
p.d. / V
+1

C 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–
–

+2
output
p.d. / V
+1

D 0
0 0.05
.05 0 time / s
–1

2
(Q33/P11/N13)
O'Level PAGE 44 Book-5

89 A current-carrying wire lies between the poles of two magnets, as shown.

wire direction
of current

N S

What is the direction of the force on the wire?

A into the plane of the paper

B out of the plane of the paper
C towards the N-pole
D towards the S-pole (Q32/P11/N13)

90 A transformer is used to operate a 12 V lamp from a 250 V mains supply.

trans former

250V 12 V
0.10 A 2.0 A

The mains current is 0.10 A. The current in the lamp is 2.0A.

What is the efficiency of the transformer? (Q31/P11/N13)

A 0.048 B 0.050 C 0.96 D 1.04
91 The diagram shows the shape of the magnetic field lines near a current-carrying conductor.

conductor

The current in the conductor is into the plane of the diagram.

Which row correctly states the direction of the field lines and compares the strengths of the field
at points P and Q?

direction of field lines the field is stronger at

A c l ockwise P
B c l ockwise Q
(Q25/P11/N13)
C anticlockwise
n P
D anticlockwise
n Q
O'Level PAGE 45 Book-5

92 A relay is used in a circuit containing a bell.

coil T

bell

P S
Q

How can the apparatus be altered to make the sound of the bell louder?

A increase the number of turns on coil T

B increase the voltage of battery P
C increase the voltage of battery Q

D move the coil closer to switch S (Q35/P12/J14)

93 With component X placed in the circuit below, the brightness of the lamp can be gradually
reduced until it goes out.

What is component X?

A a reed relay

B a switch
C a transformer
D a variable resistor
(Q28/P11/N14)

94 A magnet is placed near to a solenoid that is connected to a sensitive centre-zero ammeter.

solenoid

magnet

A
sensitive ammeter

The magnet is pushed towards the solenoid. It accelerates, then moves at constant speed, then
decelerates and stops inside the solenoid.

When is the reading on the ammeter zero?

A when the magnet is accelerating

B when the magnet is moving at constant speed

C when the magnet is decelerating
(Q36/P11/J15)
D when the magnet is stationary
O'Level PAGE 46 Book-5

95 A teacher moves a magnet into and out of a coil of wire, as shown, in order to demonstrate
electromagnetic induction.

direction of
movement
of magnet
coil

S N

magnet

Which statement is correct?

A As the magnet is moved into the coil the left-hand end of the coil becomes a S-pole.

B As the magnet is taken out of the coil the left-hand end of the coil becomes a N-pole.
C Increasing the speed at which the magnet enters the coil, increases the induced voltage.
D Increasing the speed at which the magnet leaves the coil decreases the induced voltage.

(Q36/P12/J15)

96 The diagram shows the magnetic field pattern of a current in a solenoid.

solenoid

K L M

When the current in the solenoid is increased, where is there an increase in the magnetic field
strength?

A K, L and M

B K and L only
C M and L only

D M only
(Q27/P11/J15)
O'Level PAGE 47 Book-5

97 A metal ring screens a piece of equipment from a magnetic field.

magnetic
equipment
field

metal ring

Which metal should be used for the ring, and why?

metal reason

A copper the metal carries the field lines around the equipment
B copper the metal is non-magnetic
C iron the metal carries the field lines around the equipment
D iron the metal is non-magnetic (Q26/P11/J15)

98 One end of a rod picks up the N-pole of a bar magnet when in position 1.

The same end of the rod picks up the S-pole of the bar magnet when in position 2.

position 1 position 2

rod rod

N S
magnet magnet
S N
bench

Which material is the rod made from and what is the pole at end P of the rod when in position 1?

material pole at P
A iron N-pole
B iron S-pole
C steel N-pole
D steel S-pole (Q25/P11/J15)
O'Level PAGE 48 Book-5

99 The diagram shows the magnetic field around wire X which carries a current into the paper.

The arrows on the field lines show the direction of the force on

A a N-pole.
B a S-pole.
C a small negative charge.

D a small positive charge.

(Q31/P12/N15)

100 Which material can be picked up by a magnet?

A aluminium
B copper
C iron
D plastic

(Q28/P12/N15)

101 The diagram shows a simple d.c. motor.

What is the part labelled Q?

A a coil
B a commutator
(Q33/P11/N15)
C a magnet

D a slip ring
O'Level PAGE 49 Book-5

102 P and Q represent two, parallel, straight wire s carrying currents into the plane of the paper. P and
Q exert a force on each other.

Which arrow shows the force on Q?

Q
P D B

C (Q32/P11/N15)

103 Four plotting compasses are placed near a bar magnet. You may ignore any effects of the Earth’s
magnetic field.

One compass appears like this .

What is a possible position for this compass?

S N B

C
D
(Q27/P11/J16)

104 A current-carrying wire lies between the poles of two magnets, as shown.

wire direction
of current

N S

What is the direction of the force on the wire?

A into the plane of the paper

B out of the plane of the paper

C towards the left

D towards the right
(Q32/P11/N16)
O'Level PAGE 50 Book-5

105 A coil P of N turns is made from a length L of wire. The coil carries a current I when between two
magnetic poles.

N-pole S-pole

A similar coil Q of 2 N turns is made from a length 2L of identical wire. It also carries a current I
when between the two magnetic poles.

Which coil has the greater resistance and which coil experiences the greater turning effect?

greater turning
greater resistance
effect

A P P
B P Q
C Q P
D Q Q
(Q33/P11/N16)

106 A magnet moves up and down above a coil of wire.

spring

S magnet

P
movement N
Q
of magnet
R

coil of
wire

The bottom of the magnet moves up and down between P and R.

Where is the bottom of the magnet when there is no induced electromotive force (e.m.f.) in the
coil?

A at P and at Q
B at P and at R
C at Q only
D at R only (Q34/P11/N16)
 O'Level PAGE 51 Book-5

107 Which material is most suitable for the core of a transformer and which material is most suitable
for the coils in the transformer?

material for core material for coils

A iron copper
B iron steel
C steel copper
D steel iron

(Q35/P11/N16)

108 A current-carrying wire lies between the poles of two magnets, as shown.

wire direction
of current

N S

What is the direction of t he force on the wire?

A into the plane of the paper

B out of the plane of the paper

C towards the left

D towards the right (Q36/P1 2/N16)

109 What proves that a metal bar is a permanent magnet?

A It attracts both ends of a compass needle.

B It attracts one end of another magnet.

C It conducts electricity.

D It repels one end of another magnet.

(Q33/P11/J17)

110 Electrical apparatus is protected from magnetic fields by placing the apparatus in a box.

What is the box made from?

A aluminium

B iron

C rubber
D steel
(Q34/P11/J17)
O'Level PAGE 52 Book-5

111 The N-pole of a magnet is moved into a solenoid and an e.m.f. is induced.

solenoid

N S

What causes an increase in the induced e.m.f.?

A moving the magnet more quickly

B moving the magnet more slowly
C pulling the magnet out instead of pushing it in
(Q37/P12/J17)
D using the S-pole of the magnet instead of the N-pole

112 The diagram shows a wire XY lying between the poles of a magnet.

The ends of the wire are connected to a sensitive ammeter. The wire is moved and a reading is
registered.

In which direction is the wire moved?

A
Y
B

D C

N S A

X (Q32/P11/N17)

113 Why is the coil of an electric motor wound on a soft-iron cylinder?

A to decrease the electric current

B to increase the electric current
C to reverse the magnetic field
D to strengthen the magnetic field
(Q33/P12/N17)
O'Level PAGE 53 Book-5

114 A straight wire carries a current into the paper. The diagram shows three magnetic field lines
around the wire.

key
current into paper

The current in the wire increases.

What is the direction of the field lines and which change occurs to the field lines as the current
increases?

direction change

A clockwise the lines move closer together

B clockwise the lines move further apart
C anticlockwise the lines move closer together
D anticlockwise the lines move further apart (Q34/P12/N17)
O'Level PAGE 54 Book-5

RESPONSE SHEET MAGNETISM,ELECTROMAGNETISM AND E.M INDUCTION

1. D 26.D 51.D 76.C 101.B
2.C 27.A 52.A 77.D 102.D
3.A 28.B 53.B 78.D 103.C
4.B 29.C 54.A 79.C 104.B
5.A 30.B 55.A 80.D 105.D
6.B 31.C 56.D 81.C 106.B
7.C 32.C 57.B 82.C 107.A
8.B 33.B 58.B 83.C 108.B

9.B 34.B 59.C 84.A 109.D

10.D 35.B 60.B 85.D= 110.B
11.B 36.B 61.A 86.C 111.A
12.B 37.B 62.B 87.B 112.D
13.D 38.C 63.A 88.D 113.D
14.A 39.A 64.D 89.B 114. A
15.A 40.D 65.A 90.C
16.A 41.B 66.A 91.A
17.A 42.C 67.B 92.C
18.D 43.B 68.B 93.D
19.B 44.C 69.D 94.D
20.D 45.D= 70.C 95.C=
21.B 46.C 71.B 96.A
22.A 47.C 72.C 97.C
23.D 48.B 73.B 98.B
24.B 49.B 74.D 99.A
25.C 50.D 75.A 100.C
O'Level PAGE 55 Book-5

5 Fig. 5.1 shows a piece of recording tape passing under the recording head of a tape
recorder. An alternating current is passed through the coil. The tape is coated with a
magnetic material that becomes magnetised.

coil

recording head

tape

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) Explain why the tape becomes magnetized.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................... ....

(ii) Fig. 5.1 shows that sections of the tape are magnetised in opposite directions.
Explain why they become magnetised in opposite directions.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) The tape is moved faster past the recording head. State how this changes the
pattern on the tape.

............................................................................................................................... ....

...................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) (i) Explain why the coating on the tape must be of a permanent magnetic material.

...................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................... ....

(ii) State the name of a permanent magnetic material.

............................................................................................................................... ....

[2]

© UCLES 2004 5054/02 M/J/04

O'Level PAGE 56 Book-5

9 Fig. 9.1 is a diagram of a simple d.c. motor.

pivot

coil

magnet B magnet
pole N S pole
C

carbon carbon
brush brush
current split-ring
commutator

Fig. 9.1

The gap between the two halves of the split-ring commutator is so wide that a carbon brush can
only touch one half of the split-ring at any time. This protects the circuit. It also means that
sometimes the motor will not start when switched on.

The coil is rotated by vertical forces that act downwards on side AB and upwards on side CD. The
current causes a constant force of 3.0 N on each side. The moment created by these forces varies
as the coil turns. The moment is a maximum when the coil is horizontal.

The distances AD and BC are both 0.065 m.

(a) Explain why

(i) the carbon brushes must not be allowed to touch both halves of the split-ring at the
same time,
(ii) sometimes the motor does not start when switched on, even if there is no friction.
[3]
(b) (i) Define the moment of a force.
(ii) Calculate the value of the maximum moment created on the coil.
(iii) Explain why the moment is a maximum when the coil is horizontal.
(iv) Sketch a graph to suggest how the moment acting on the coil varies with time as the coil
rotates at constant speed. Label each axis. On the time axis, mark clearly the time taken
for one revolution of the coil.
[7]

(c) (i) State the measurements you would make in order to find the electrical power input to the
motor and state how your measurements are used to find the electrical power.
(ii) Draw a diagram of the circuit you would use to make these measurements.
[5]
© UCLES 2004 5054/02 O/N/04
O'Level PAGE 57 Book-5

5 Fig. 5.1 shows a coil of wire wrapped around a plastic tube. Inside the tube are two pieces of
soft iron. When the switch is closed, the compass needles point in the direction of the
magnetic field produced at each position. You may ignore the magnetic field of the Earth in
this question.

B
plastic tube

compass

A C

soft iron

switch

Fig. 5.1

(a) On Fig. 5.1 mark arrows, in compasses A, B and C, to show the direction of the
magnetic field at each position after the switch has been closed. [2]

(b) When the switch is closed, the two pieces of soft iron in the tube become magnets and
move.
(i) On Fig. 5.1, mark the poles formed on each piece of soft iron. [1]
(ii) State and explain how the pieces of iron move.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(c) State the effect on the magnetic field of

(i) reversing the direction of the current,

............................................................................................................................... ...

............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) reducing the size of the current.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2005 5054/02/M/J/05

O'Level PAGE 58 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a coil of wire wound around a rectangular tube.

coil tube

iron rods

Fig. 7.1

(a) Two iron rods are placed next to each other at the bottom of the tube. When the
current is switched on, the two rods repel each other. They move to the sides of the
tube.

Explain why the two iron rods repel.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) An iron rod and a similar copper rod are placed next to each other at the bottom of the
tube. State and explain what, if anything, happens to the rods when the current is
switched on.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2005 5054/02/O/N/05

O'Level PAGE 59 Book-5

3 Fig. 3.1 shows the construction of a simple a.c. generator. When the coil is rotated an e.m.f.
is induced in the coil.
axis

coil

N S

slip ring

output

Fig. 3.1

(a) Explain why an e.m.f. is induced.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State the purpose of the slip rings.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The direction of the current in the coil can be found from Lenz’s law.

State Lenz’s law.

..........................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................... ...........

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The induced e.m.f. can be increased by rotating the coil faster. State one other way in
which the e.m.f. can be increased.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2006 5054/02/M/J/06

O'Level PAGE 60 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows one way to demonstrate an electrical effect.

S
sensitive
ammeter

Fig. 7.1

As the wire is moved downwards between the magnetic poles, the needle of the ammeter
deflects to the right.

(a) State the name of this electrical effect.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State what happens to the needle of the ammeter when the wire is moved upwards
between the magnetic poles.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) State and explain what happens when the wire is held stationary between the
magnetic poles.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2006 5054/02/O/N/06

O'Level PAGE 61 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows apparatus that can be used to make an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.

copper wire cardboard

tube

Fig. 7.1

Four rods are available. They are made of aluminium, soft iron, steel and wood.

(a) (i) State which rod is used to make a permanent magnet.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Describe how the apparatus is used to make a permanent magnet.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) A computer component is screened from external magnetic fields by placing it in a box,
as shown in Fig. 7.2.

computer
magnetic field lines box magnetic field lines
component

Fig. 7.2

There is a strong magnetic field outside the box. The magnetic field lines have not been
drawn near the box.

(i) State the best choice for the material of the box.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) On Fig. 7.2, join the magnetic field lines on the left of the box to those on the right,
showing the pattern of the magnetic field. [2]

© UCLES 2007 5054/02/O/N/07

O'Level PAGE 62 Book-5

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a straight wire between the poles of a magnet. The wire carries a current
into the page.

N S

wire carrying current into the page

Fig. 7.1

(i) State the direction of the magnetic field between the poles of the magnet.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) On Fig. 7.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the force acting on the wire. [1]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows two wires.

Each wire carries a current into the page.

Fig. 7.2

(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw the magnetic field due to the currents in the wires. [3]

(ii) There is a force on each wire due to the current in the other wire.

On Fig. 7.2, draw an arrow on each wire to show these forces. [1]

© UCLES 2008 5054/02/M/J/08 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 63 Book-5

10 Fig. 10.1 shows a wire passing through a hole in a horizontal, plastic board.

compass
wire

–
horizontal 6.0 V
board +

Fig. 10.1

The wire carries a current vertically upwards. A student moves a small compass around the board
and plots the magnetic field lines due to the current.

(a) (i) Draw a diagram of the board as seen from above and mark on it the magnetic field lines
due to the current. [3]
(ii) The current is increased. Describe how the magnetic field changes. [1]

(b) A 6.0 V power supply produces a current of 8.0 A in the wire. Calculate

(i) the total resistance of the circuit, [2]

(ii) the charge that flows through the wire in 2.0 minutes. [2]

(c) The north pole of a bar magnet is held on the left of the wire and the south pole of another bar
magnet is held on the right, as shown in Fig. 10.2.

N S

Fig. 10.2

(i) State the direction of the magnetic field at the wire due to these two poles. [1]
(ii) The wire is flexible. Describe the effect of this magnetic field on the current-carrying wire.
[2]
(iii) The current in the wire is now reversed. State the effect of this on the wire. [1]
(iv) Describe how this effect is put to use in a d.c. motor. [3]

© UCLES 2008 5054/02/O/N/08 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 64 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows two pieces of soft iron in the magnetic field of a strong permanent magnet.

soft iron

N pole S pole
of magnet of magnet

Fig. 7.1

The pieces of soft iron become magnetised.

(a) On Fig. 7.1, mark the magnetic poles produced at each end of both pieces of soft iron.
[1]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a reed switch.

soft iron
glass

Fig. 7.2

The reed switch is placed between the poles of the strong permanent magnet.
State and explain what happens.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2009 5054/02/M/J/09

O'Level PAGE 65 Book-5

(c) Fig. 7.3 shows two separate electrical circuits.

warning lamp

coil

thermistor

Fig. 7.3

One circuit consists of a reed switch, a cell and a warning lamp. The other circuit consists
of a thermistor, another cell, and a coil wound round the reed switch. The thermistor is
at the same temperature as the air around it.

(i) State what happens to the thermistor when the temperature of the air rises.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain why the warning lamp lights up when the air temperature rises.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2009 5054/02/M/J/09 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 66 Book-5

6 Fig. 6.1 shows the coil of a loudspeaker attached to a cardboard cone. One pole of a
stationary cylindrical magnet lies near to the coil.

coil
S
N

60 Hz
a.c.
cardboard cone
cylindrical magnet supply

Fig. 6.1

There is an alternating current in the coil of the loudspeaker. A student hears the note
produced.

(a) (i) Explain why the cone of the loudspeaker vibrates.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [3]

(ii) Explain how the vibrating cone produces sound waves in the air.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) A stronger cylindrical magnet is now used. State the difference in the note heard.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2010 5054/21/O/N/10 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 67 Book-5

Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a rotating magnet in an alternating current generator that is used to power a lamp.

magnet

soft iron
N S

coil

lamp

Fig. 9.1

(a) (i) State how an alternating current differs from a direct current.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain, in detail, how alternating current is produced by the apparatus shown in
Fig. 9.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

(iii) State two ways in which the current in the lamp may be increased.

1. ........................................................................................................................................

2. ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2011 5054/21/M/J/11

O'Level PAGE 68 Book-5

(b) The generators at a power station produce a voltage of 25 000 V. This voltage is stepped up
to 400 000 V by a transformer for long-distance transmission on overhead power lines. The
voltage is later stepped down to 240 V.

(i) State and explain why the voltage is stepped up for long-distance transmission.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Calculate the ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil of the step-up transformer to
the number of turns in its secondary coil.

ratio = .......................................................... [1]

(iii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using thicker wire in the overhead power
lines.

advantage: .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

disadvantage: ....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iv) An electric drill of power 1000 W is used in a country where the mains voltage is 240 V.
State and explain the most appropriate fuse to use with this drill.
You should select a fuse from the following values: 1 A, 3 A, 4 A, 13 A.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2011 5054/21/M/J/11 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 69 Book-5

8 (a) A wire carrying a current in a magnetic field experiences a force due to the current. On
Fig. 8.1, insert the words current, field and force in the boxes to show the relative directions
of the current, the magnetic field and the force.

Fig. 8.1
[1]

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows a current-carrying coil ABCD in a magnetic field.

20 N

B C
N-pole S-pole

A D

20 N

Fig. 8.2

Each side of the coil is 4.0 cm in length. The force on AB is 20 N and the force on CD is 20 N.

(i) Calculate the total moment caused by these forces.

moment = .......................................................... [2]

(ii) The moment is increased by using a stronger magnetic field.

State two other ways to increase the moment.

1. ........................................................................................................................................

2. ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2011 5054/21/M/J/11 [Turn over
O'Level PAGE 70 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows the structure of a circuit-breaker that uses an electromagnet. The circuit-breaker
operates when the current is 10 A.

current in
electromagnet

iron bar fixed bar

pivot

spring
contacts
copper bar

current out
pivot

Fig. 7.1

(a) On Fig. 7.1, mark with an arrow the force on the iron bar caused by the electromagnet. [1]

(b) Suggest one reason why the iron bar does not move when the current is less than 10 A.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) When the current is greater than 10 A, the circuit-breaker stops the current. Explain what
happens in the circuit-breaker when this occurs.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(d) State and explain how the electromagnet can be altered so that the circuit-breaker stops the
current at less than 10 A.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2011 5054/21/M/J/11

O'Level PAGE 71 Book-5

6 When a car is moving, its electrical equipment is powered by an a.c. generator.

(a) The coil of the a.c. generator is rotated by the car engine.

(i) On the axes in Fig. 6.1, sketch a graph of the output voltage of the coil against time for
two rotations of the coil of the generator.

output
voltage

0
0 time

[1]
Fig. 6.1

(ii) The speed of the car increases and so does the speed of rotation of the coil.

State two changes that this causes to the output voltage.

change 1 ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

change 2 ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) When the car engine is off, the current in a lamp from a 12 V battery is 0.50 A. Calculate the
resistance of the lamp.

resistance = ....................................................[2]

© UCLES 2011 5054/21/O/N/11 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 72 Book-5

9 Fig. 9.1 shows two coils of insulated wire wound on an iron ring. Coil A is connected to a battery
and a switch. The switch is open. Coil B is connected to a sensitive centre-zero voltmeter.

coil A iron ring

open
switch

centre-zero
voltmeter

coil B

Fig. 9.1

The switch is closed. There is a current in coil A.

(a) On Fig. 9.1,

(i) mark the direction of the current in coil A, [1]

(ii) draw the magnetic field lines produced in the iron ring. [3]

(b) As the switch is closed, the voltmeter deflects to the right and then returns to zero.

(i) Explain why there is a deflection on the voltmeter.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) The switch is opened. State and explain what happens to the deflection on the voltmeter.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Without changing coil A, state two changes to the apparatus that cause a greater
deflection of the voltmeter.

1. ........................................................................................................................................

2. ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2012 5054/22/M/J/12 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 73 Book-5

(c) The battery in Fig. 9.1 is replaced by an alternating current (a.c.) supply. The output from coil
B is used to power a lamp that is a long distance away. Each lead from coil B to the lamp has
a resistance of 2.5 Ω. These leads are represented by the two resistors shown in Fig. 9.2.

2.5 Ω

a.c.
output from
lamp
coil B
240 V, 1.6 A 2.5 Ω

Fig. 9.2

The output voltage of coil B is 240 V and the current in the circuit is 1.6 A.

(i) Calculate the electrical power produced by coil B.

power = ...............................................................[2]

(ii) Calculate the total power loss in the leads to the lamp.

power loss = .......................................................[3]

© UCLES 2012 5054/22/M/J/12

O'Level PAGE 74 Book-5

11 Fig. 11.1 shows part of a smoke detector.

positive
metal plate
+ + + + +
to
alpha- alarm
particles

radioactive
source – – – – –
negative
metal plate

Fig. 11.1 (not to scale)

Alpha-particles from the radioactive source ionise the air between the metal plates. There is then a
small current in the resistor. When smoke enters the detector, the current changes and the alarm
sounds.

(a) Explain why a source emitting only gamma-rays is unsuitable for use in the smoke detector.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) There is an electric field between the metal plates.

(i) On Fig. 11.1, draw the electric field between the plates. [3]

(ii) The alpha-particles in Fig. 11.1 are deflected slightly as they pass through the electric
field.
Explain why the alpha-particles are deflected and state the direction of the deflection.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) State and explain how the path of gamma-rays differs from the path of alpha-particles as they
pass through an electric field.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2012 5054/21/M/J/12 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 75 Book-5

(d) The source used is the radioactive isotope americium-241, which has a half-life of 500 years.

(i) A sample of americium-241 is left for 1500 years. Determine the fraction of the original
number of atoms of americium-241 left in the sample after this time.

fraction = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Another isotope of the same element, americium-242, has a half-life of 16 hours. Explain
why the half-life of americium-242 makes this isotope unsuitable for use in a smoke
detector.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Atoms of americium-241 and americium-242 contain protons, neutrons and electrons.

1. State two similarities in the structure of an atom of americium-241 and an atom of

americium-242.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................[2]

2. Describe the difference between an atom of americium-241 and an atom of

americium-242.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................[2]

5054/21/M/J/12
O'Level PAGE 76 Book-5

8 (a) A magnet is placed on a bench, as shown in Fig. 8.1a. End P of a rod is held above each end
of the magnet in turn, as shown in Fig. 8.1b and in Fig. 8.1c. One end of the magnet is lifted
off the bench in both cases.

rod

P P
magnet
N S

N S S N
bench

Fig. 8.1a Fig. 8.1b Fig. 8.1c

(i) Suggest what material the rod is made from.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain how the rod lifts each end of the magnet off the bench.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Fig. 8.2 and Fig. 8.3 show views of a wire carrying a current downwards through a horizontal
board.

current
current into
page

Fig. 8.2 Fig. 8.3 (viewed from above)

(i) On Fig. 8.3, draw the magnetic field due to the current in the wire. [2]

(ii) The magnetic field is stronger closer to the wire. State how the magnetic field lines
indicate that the field is stronger.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2012 5054/21/M/J/12

O'Level PAGE 77 Book-5

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a solenoid made from wire wound around a plastic cylinder.

plastic
cylinder

+ –

Fig. 7.1

A current in the solenoid produces a magnetic field.

On Fig. 7.1, draw the pattern of the magnetic field lines inside and outside the cylinder.
[2]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a beam of beta-particles, in a vacuum, passing into a magnetic field.

beta-particles magnetic field

out of the page

Fig. 7.2

The movement of the beta-particles from left to right is an electric current.

(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw an arrow to show the direction of the conventional current. [1]
(ii) A solenoid is used to produce the magnetic field that lies within the shaded region
of Fig. 7.2. The direction of the field is out of the page.

1. On Fig. 7.2, draw the path followed by one of the beta-particles in the shaded
region. [2]

2. The direction of the current in the solenoid is reversed. State what happens to
the path of the beta-particle.

...........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2012 5054/21/O/N/12 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 78 Book-5

8 EITHER

Fig. 8.1 shows a simple a.c. generator. The coil is turning and an e.m.f. is induced in the coil.

D[LV

FRLO

1 6

VOLSULQJ

RXWSXW

Fig. 8.1

(a) The generator contains a permanent magnet. State the name of a metal used in a
permanent magnet.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) At the instant shown in Fig. 8.1, the induced e.m.f. is a maximum.

(i) Explain why the induced e.m.f. is a maximum.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) State the position of the coil where there is no induced e.m.f.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2013 5054/22/M/J/13

O'Level PAGE 79 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a view, from above, of two wires X and Y. These wires carry equal currents
vertically downwards through a piece of card.

card

wire X
wire Y

A B

magnetic
field line

Fig. 7.1

One complete magnetic field line is drawn around each wire.

In this question, ignore the effects of the Earth’s magnetic field.

(a) On Fig. 7.1, draw the complete magnetic field line due to the current in wire X that
passes through point A.
Mark the direction of this field line. [2]

(b) Point B is midway between the two wires. Explain why the magnetic field at B is zero.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) There is a force on wire Y due to the current in wire X.

(i) State the direction of the force on wire Y.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain why there is a force on wire Y.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2013 5054/22/M/J/13 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 80 Book-5

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a simple transformer.

core

alternating
current
supply

primary coil secondary coil

Fig. 8.1

(a) State the metal used for the core of a transformer.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain how an alternating current in the primary coil causes the lamp to light.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) Transformers are used to produce high voltages for the transmission of electrical power
over long distances.

State one advantage of high voltage transmission.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2013 5054/21/M/J/13

O'Level PAGE 81 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a compass needle near a bar magnet. Magnetic poles are shown on the compass
needle and on the magnet.

A finger stops the compass needle from turning.

N
pivot

compass S
needle
bar
magnet
S N

Fig. 7.1 (not to scale)

(a) (i) The magnet causes a force on the S-pole of the compass needle.

On Fig. 7.1, draw an arrow from the S-pole of the compass needle to show the direction
of this force. [1]

(ii) Explain why the compass needle turns when the finger is removed.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A small compass is used to plot the magnetic field lines of the magnet.

Describe how the compass is used to plot magnetic field lines on a piece of paper.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© UCLES 2014 5054/22/M/J/14

O'Level PAGE 82 Book-5

4 A teacher demonstrates magnetic screening. When a magnet is placed near a small cardboard
box, paper clips on the other side of the box are picked up, as shown in Fig. 4.1.

When a small piece of soft iron is placed inside the box as shown in Fig. 4.2, the paper clips fall off.

Magnetic field lines in each diagram are shown as thin lines.

PDJQHW

1 6 1 6
FDUGERDUG
ER[
VRIWLURQ

PDJQHWLF
ILHOGOLQH

SDSHUFOLS

Fig. 4.1 Fig. 4.2

(a) On Fig. 4.1, mark an arrow on each of the magnetic field lines to show its direction. [1]

(b) Explain why placing the soft iron inside the box causes the paper clips to fall off.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Explain why it is sensible to have magnetic screening around the tube of a cathode-ray
oscilloscope.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2014 5054/21/M/J/14 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 83 Book-5

8 Fig. 8.1 shows the structure of a simple alternating current (a.c.) generator.

output
terminals

Fig. 8.1

(a) On Fig. 8.1, label

• the coil of the generator with the letter C,

• a slip ring with the letter S,
• a carbon brush with the letter B.
[2]

(b) The a.c. generator is operating and the arrows on Fig. 8.1 show the direction of rotation.

Explain why there is an electromotive force (e.m.f.) between the two output terminals.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

© UCLES 2014 5054/22/O/N/14

O'Level PAGE 84 Book-5

(c) The output terminals of the a.c. generator are connected to a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.).

Fig. 8.2 shows the trace on the screen of the c.r.o.

Fig. 8.2

Describe how the trace and a setting on the c.r.o. are used to find the time for one revolution
of the coil of the a.c. generator. You may draw on Fig. 8.2 if you wish.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2014 5054/22/O/N/14 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 85 Book-5

7 A straight length of copper wire lies horizontally between the poles of a U-shaped magnet. Fig. 7.1
shows the two ends of the wire connected to a very sensitive, centre-zero ammeter.

copper wire

N S

sensitive, centre-zero ammeter

Fig. 7.1

The copper wire is moved upwards slowly between the two magnetic poles. The needle on the
ammeter deflects to the right.

(a) Explain why the needle on the ammeter deflects.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The wire is moved downwards very quickly between the two magnetic poles.

State what happens to the needle on the ammeter.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) State what happens to the needle on the ammeter when the copper wire is moved horizontally
between the two poles.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2014 5054/21/O/N/14 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 86 Book-5

10 Fig. 10.1 shows a relay connected to a cell and a switch.

A
pivot
B

N iron armature

coil S iron core

C D

Fig. 10.1

(a) When switch S is closed, the iron core is magnetised. The left side of the core is an N-pole, as
shown in Fig. 10.1. The iron armature is attracted to the core.

(i) On Fig. 10.1, mark

1. the S-pole of the iron core

2. the N-pole and the S-pole of the iron armature.

[2]

(ii) The cell is reversed.

State what happens to the poles and to the armature.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Explain why the core is made of iron and not steel.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows the relay connected in a circuit to a 12 V battery. The bell is not ringing.

X bell

12 V
C A
relay
coil D B

Fig. 10.2

© UCLES 2015 5054/22/M/J/15

O'Level PAGE 87 Book-5

(i) State the name of component X.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the bell rings when the temperature of X rises.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) When the resistance of X is 2000 Ω, the current in the coil is 1.5 mA. This causes the
contacts in the relay to close. The resistance of the bell is 200 Ω.

Calculate

1. the potential difference (p.d.) across X,

p.d. = ........................................................... [2]

2. the p.d. across the coil,

p.d. = ........................................................... [1]

3. the current in the battery.

current = ........................................................... [2]

(iv) Component X is removed from the circuit and replaced by a different component Y.
The bell now rings when bright light shines on Y.

State the name of component Y.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2015 5054/22/M/J/15 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 88 Book-5

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a simple a.c. generator.

rotation
of coil
coil

N S

output voltage

Fig. 6.1

(a) The coil rotates and an alternating electromotive force (e.m.f.) is induced in the coil.

Fig. 6.2 shows how the alternating e.m.f. varies with time as the coil rotates.

+
e.m.f.

0
time

Fig. 6.2

Explain

(i) why an e.m.f. is induced,

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) why the e.m.f. is sometimes positive and sometimes negative.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2015 5054/22/M/J/15

O'Level PAGE 89 Book-5

(b) Changes are made to the a.c. generator, one at a time:

• stronger magnets are used

• more turns are wound on the coil
• the coil is turned faster.

Complete the table in Fig. 6.3 to show what happens to the maximum value of the e.m.f. and
to the frequency of the alternating e.m.f.

what happens to the maximum what happens to the frequency

changes made
value of the e.m.f. of the e.m.f.

stronger magnets

more turns on the coil

the coil is turned faster

Fig. 6.3
[3]

© UCLES 2015 5054/22/M/J/15 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 90 Book-5

7 A simple apparatus used to demonstrate electromagnetic induction is shown in Fig. 7.1.

support
spring

S
movement magnet
N

coil LED

Fig. 7.1

The coil is connected to two light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The magnet moves into and out of the
coil.

(a) Explain why there is an induced e.m.f. in the coil when the magnet moves.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Explain why one LED lights up when the magnet moves into the coil and the other LED lights
up when the magnet moves out of the coil.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The LEDs are brighter when the magnet moves faster.
Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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O'Level PAGE 91 Book-5

10 Thin wire, covered in plastic insulation, is used to make a solenoid (long coil). The solenoid is
connected to a sensitive ammeter. Fig. 10.1 shows the N-pole of a steel magnet placed next to the
solenoid.

X Y
steel magnet

N
solenoid

Fig. 10.1

Point X and point Y are on the axis of the solenoid.

(a) (i) Explain why plastic is an electrical insulator.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the magnet is not made from

1. aluminium,

............................................................................................................................... [1]

2. iron.

............................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) In one experiment, the magnet in Fig. 10.1 is moved to the left and passes into the solenoid.
The N-pole of the magnet travels from Y to X at a constant speed. As it moves, the ammeter
shows a small current.

(i) Explain why there is a current in the solenoid when the magnet is moving.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2015 5054/22/O/N/15

O'Level PAGE 92 Book-5

(ii) The N-pole travels from Y to X in 0.14 s. As it moves, the current shown on the ammeter
is 0.045 mA. The resistance of the solenoid is 1.2 Ω.

Calculate

1. the potential difference (p.d.) across the solenoid,

potential difference = ........................................................ [2]

2. the charge that passes through the solenoid as the N-pole moves from Y to X.

charge = ........................................................ [2]

(c) In a second experiment, the speed of the N-pole is greater than its speed in the first
experiment. It now takes only 0.070 s to travel from Y to X.

A current in the same direction is shown on the ammeter.

(i) State and explain how the size of this current compares with the size of the current in the
first experiment.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The same quantity of charge passes through the coil in both the first and second
experiments.

Explain why this is the case.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) State two ways in which the equipment shown in Fig. 10.1 can be used to produce a current
in the solenoid that is in the opposite direction.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2015 5054/22/O/N/15 [Turn over
O'Level PAGE 93 Book-5

10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows a solenoid (long coil) X connected in series with a battery, a switch S and a
variable resistor (rheostat).

Fig. 10.1

The switch S is closed and there is a magnetic field due to the current in the solenoid.

(i) On Fig. 10.1, draw the pattern of the magnetic field in, above and below the solenoid.
[3]

(ii) A second solenoid Y is connected to a sensitive centre-zero ammeter. Solenoid Y is

placed in the magnetic field of X.

1. The resistance of the variable resistor is gradually decreased and the pointer of the
sensitive ammeter deflects slightly to one side.

Explain why this happens.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [3]

© UCLES 2015 5054/21/O/N/15

O'Level PAGE 94 Book-5

2. The switch S is now opened.

Describe and explain what happens to the deflection on the ammeter as the switch is
opened.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [3]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a transformer that consists of two coils wound on an iron core. The transformer
is connected to an electricity transmission cable.

primary coil secondary coil

iron core

Fig. 10.2

(i) Explain the purpose of the iron core in the transformer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2015 5054/21/O/N/15 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 95 Book-5

(ii) The transformer supplies electrical power to a factory at 33 000 V. The current supplied
is 85 A.

Calculate

1. the electrical power that the factory is receiving,

power = ........................................................ [2]

2. the electrical energy the factory receives in 1.0 hour.

energy = ........................................................ [2]

© UCLES 2015 5054/21/O/N/15

O'Level PAGE 96 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows part of a loudspeaker. A coil is attached to a paper cone and is suspended freely
within a cylindrical magnet.

paper cone

cylindrical
magnet
N

coil

current

Fig. 7.1

(a) Explain why a current in the coil causes the paper cone to move.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Describe and explain the movement of the cone when there is an alternating current in
the coil.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The loudspeaker produces sound of frequency 500 Hz. The speed of sound is 320 m / s.
Calculate the wavelength of the sound produced.

wavelength = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2016 5054/21/M/J/16

O'Level PAGE 97 Book-5

11 (a) Induced currents can be formed in a coil of wire by electromagnetic induction.

(i) Describe how to demonstrate the formation of an induced current in a coil of wire.

Sketch and label a diagram of the arrangement of the apparatus.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) State two changes to the apparatus that increase the induced current.

1. ........................................................................................................................................

2. ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) The direction of the induced current is determined by Lenz’s Law.

1. State Lenz’s Law.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................[2]

2. Describe how Lenz’s Law applies in the experiment you described in (a)(i).

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2016 5054/21/M/J/16

O'Level PAGE 98 Book-5

(b) An electrical generator supplies power to a distant factory.

(i) The factory receives 500 kW of electrical power at a voltage of 33 kV.

Calculate

1. the current in the wires supplying the power,

current = ...........................................................[2]

2. the electrical energy supplied to the factory in one hour.

energy = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) The 33 kV voltage supplied to the factory is very high.

Transmitting electrical energy at high voltage reduces energy losses in the transmission
lines.

Explain why.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2016 5054/21/M/J/16 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 99 Book-5

8 A transformer and a diode are used to charge a battery.

Fig. 8.1 shows the transformer, which contains a soft-iron core and two coils.

soft-iron core secondary coil diode

primary coil

battery
240 V
being
a.c.
charged

Fig. 8.1

The primary coil is connected to the 240 V a.c. mains supply. The secondary coil is connected in
series with the diode and the battery.

(a) Explain why an electromotive force (e.m.f.) is induced in the secondary coil.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The e.m.f. induced in the secondary coil is less than 240 V.

Suggest why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Suggest why steel is not used as the core of a transformer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Describe the action of the diode.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2016 5054/22/M/J/16 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 100 Book-5

9 A vertical solenoid (long coil) with an iron core is held in a wooden clamp above a laboratory
bench.

The solenoid is connected in series with a battery, a switch S, an ammeter and a variable resistor.
There is a voltmeter in parallel with the solenoid.

Fig. 9.1 represents this apparatus.

solenoid

battery A
S

iron
core

Fig. 9.1

A student closes switch S and a current in the circuit produces a reading on the ammeter.

(a) State what is meant by current.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The battery consists of five 1.5 V cells in series. The reading on the ammeter is 4.0 A.

(i) State the size of the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Calculate the total resistance of the series circuit.

resistance = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2016 5054/22/O/N/16

O'Level PAGE 101 Book-5

(iii) The reading on the voltmeter is 6.5 V.

Calculate the power dissipated in the solenoid.

power = ...........................................................[2]

(iv) The solenoid is made of copper and the student notices that, as time passes, the solenoid
becomes extremely warm.

State and explain the effect of this temperature increase on the ammeter reading.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) (i) The current in the solenoid magnetises the iron core so that the lower end of the core is
an N-pole.

On Fig. 9.1, draw the pattern and indicate the direction of the magnetic field in the region
surrounding the iron core. [3]

(ii) The student holds an iron cylinder against the bottom surface of the iron core in the
solenoid. When he releases the iron cylinder, it stays in contact with the iron core.

1. Explain why the iron cylinder does not fall.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................[3]

2. The switch S is opened.

State and explain whether the iron cylinder remains in contact with the iron core.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2016 5054/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 102 Book-5

6 Two flexible iron strips, WX and YZ, are placed close to each other inside a solenoid (long coil).
The end W of WX and the end Z of YZ are held firmly in position.

Fig. 6.1 shows that the solenoid is connected to a d.c. power supply and a switch.

switch d.c. power supply

W X

Y Z
flexible iron strips
solenoid

Fig. 6.1

The switch is closed and there is an electric current in the solenoid.

End W of flexible iron strip WX becomes a magnetic S-pole.

(a) (i) State the type of magnetic pole produced at X, Y and Z.

1. X ........................-pole

2. Y ........................-pole

3. Z ........................-pole
[2]

(ii) State and explain what happens to X and Y because the flexible iron strips are
magnetised.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) A relay operates a switch in one circuit using the current in a different circuit.

State one example of a relay used in this way and explain why a relay is used.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2016 5054/21/O/N/16

O'Level PAGE 103 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a metal rod placed between the poles of a magnet.

B wire

metal rod

+ –

Fig. 7.1

(a) End A of the rod is connected to the positive terminal of a d.c. power supply and end B is
connected to the negative terminal. The current in the rod and the magnetic field produce a
force on the rod.

On Fig. 7.1 draw arrows to show

(i) the direction of the current in the metal rod; label this arrow C,

(ii) the direction of the magnetic field that acts on the metal rod; label this arrow M,

(iii) the direction of the force on the rod; label this arrow F.
[3]

(b) The power supply is removed and a sensitive voltmeter is connected between the ends A
and B.

When the rod is moved upwards or downwards there is a reading on the voltmeter.

(i) Explain why there is a reading on the voltmeter.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) The reading on the voltmeter is increased by using a stronger magnetic field.

State one other way of producing a larger reading on the voltmeter.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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O'Level PAGE 104 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows part of a d.c. electric motor.

N B axis

A C
S

X
Y D

Fig. 7.1

(a) A coil of wire ABCD is placed between the poles of a magnet. Ends X and Y are connected to
a commutator and a battery.

(i) State why there is a force on side AB of the coil.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe how the commutator keeps the coil rotating in one direction.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The current in the motor is 2.0 A and the battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 12 V.
In a time of 8.0 s, the motor does 140 J of work.

Calculate

(i) the energy supplied to the motor in 8.0 s,

energy supplied = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the efficiency of the motor.

efficiency = ...........................................................[1]

© UCLES 2017 5054/22/M/J/17

O'Level PAGE 105 Book-5

7 An electric circuit consists of a battery, a variable resistor and connecting wires. Sections PQ and
QR of the connecting wire are in a region of space where there is a uniform magnetic field.

In Fig. 7.1, the shaded area represents the magnetic field.

uniform magnetic
P Q field into the page

Fig. 7.1

The direction of the magnetic field is into the page.

A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field can experience a force.

(a) In the table, mark one tick (✓) in each column to indicate the force on PQ and the force on
QR.

section PQ section QR
no force on this section
a force towards the top of the page
a force towards the bottom of the page
a force out of the page
a force into the page
a force towards the left of the page
a force towards the right of the page
[2]

(b) The battery in the circuit in Fig. 7.1 is reversed.

State and explain the effect of this on PQ and QR.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2017 5054/21/O/N/17

O'Level PAGE 106 Book-5

(c) The variable resistor is adjusted and the current in the circuit decreases.

Suggest one effect of decreasing the current.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2017 5054/21/O/N/17 [Turn over

O'Level PAGE 107 Book-5

8 In the engine compartment of a car, the battery supplies a current of 120 A to the starter motor.

(a) The starter motor is switched on for 3.5 s.

Calculate the charge that passes through the starter motor in this time.

charge = ...........................................................[2]

(b) The starter motor circuit is switched on and off using a relay.

The relay is controlled using a second circuit. A switch in the second circuit is used by the
driver to operate the relay and turn the starter motor on and off.

Explain how the current in the second circuit controls the relay.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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O'Level PAGE 108 Book-5
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O'Level PAGE 117 Book-5

Electronics
O'Level PAGE 118 Book-5
O'Level PAGE 119 Book-5

1 The diagram shows a trace on an oscilloscope set at 5 V/cm on the vertical axis.

position of trace
when no p.d.
is applied

1 cm

1 cm

What is the maximum value of the potential difference being measured?

A 1.5 V B 3.0 V C 7.5 V D 15 V

(Q34/P1/N02)

2 The diagrams represent sound waves displayed on an oscilloscope.

Assuming the controls of the oscilloscope remain the same for each sound, which diagram
represents the quietest sound with the highest frequency?

A B C

(Q23/P1/N02)
3 The following trace is shown on the screen of an oscilloscope when it is connected to a
transformer. The scale is set at 5 V per centimetre.

position of trace
when no p.d. is
1 cm applied

What is the value of the peak voltage?

A 4V
B 5V
C 10 V (Q36/P1/N03)
D 20 V
O'Level PAGE 120 Book-5

4 Diagram 1 shows the oscilloscope trace produced by an input of 2 V at 50 Hz.

diagram 1

Diagram 2 shows the trace from a different input on the same oscilloscope.

diagram 2

What is the value of the new input?

A 1 V at 50 Hz
B 2 V at 25 Hz
C 2 V at 100 Hz
D 4 V at 50 Hz (Q35/P1/J03)
5 An electrical engineer connects a diode to a radio so that:

if the battery is connected the right way round the radio works,
if the battery is connected the wrong way there is no current.

Which diagram is correct?

A B

+ +

_ _

battery radio battery radio

C D

+ +

_ _

battery (Q31/P1/N04)
battery radio radio
 O'Level PAGE 121 Book-5

6 Which circuit contains a cell, a light-emitting diode and a fixed resistor?

A B

C D

(Q29/P1/J05)

7 Why is a reed relay used in a switching circuit?

A to switch on a small current using a large current

B to switch on a small voltage using a large voltage
C to switch on a large current using a small current
D to switch on a large voltage using a large current (Q35/P1/N05)

8 The diagram shows the output waveform of an a.c. generator as displayed on a cathode-ray
oscilloscope. The horizontal scale is 5 ms / cm.

1 cm

What is the time for one complete rotation of the coil of the generator?

A 5 ms B 10 ms C 20 ms D 30 ms (Q35/P1/N06)
O'Level PAGE 122 Book-5

9 The diagrams show oscilloscope traces of sounds picked up by microphones. The oscilloscope
controls are set in the same position for all the traces.

Which trace shows the sound that is both loud and low-pitched?

A B C D

(Q23/P1/N06)

10 A waveform is displayed on a cathode-ray oscilloscope. The length of three cycles of the

waveform is 6 cm. The vertical gain and the time-base settings are shown on the diagram.

waveform

6 cm

1 1
0.5 2 0.5 2
0.2 5 0.2 5

0.1 10 0.1 10

Vertical Time-base
gain ms / cm
V / cm

What is the time taken for one cycle of the waveform?

A 1 ms B 2 ms C 4 ms D 6 ms (Q37/P1/J07)

11 A thermistor is connected in a circuit with a 6 V battery, a 3000 Ω resistor and a voltmeter, as

shown. The graph shows how the resistance of the thermistor varies with temperature.
resistance / Ω
7000
6000
3000 Ω
5000
4000
6V 3000
2000
V 1000
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
temperature / °C

What is the temperature of the thermistor when the voltmeter reads 2 V?

A 20 °C B 40 °C C 60 °C D 80 °C (Q37/P1/N09)
 O'Level PAGE 123 Book-5

12 In the circuit shown, all lamps are identical and all cells are identical. The resistance of the coil of
the reed switch is negligible.
R

reed switch

Y
P

One cell lights one lamp to normal brightness.

What is the brightness of the lamps when switch Y is closed?

P Q R

A dim dim dim

B normal
orm dim dim
C normal
orm off off
D off normal normal (Q37/P1/N07)

13 The diagram is a circuit designed to switch on a lamp when it gets dark.

Which component is used as the sensor at X?

A B C D

(Q36/P1/N09)
 O'Level PAGE 124 Book-5

14 The diagram shows the trace produced on a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) by a sound.

Which trace is produced when both the loudness and the pitch of the sound are increased?

A B C D

(Q23/P1/N09)
15 The diagram shows an alarm system in which the switch S is shown closed.

iron core
S
iron
pivot
metal

bell

What happens when the switch S is opened?

iron bell

A drops rings
B drops stops ringing
C moves up rings
D moves up stops ringing
(Q37/P11/N10)

16 An alternating voltage of frequency 0.5 Hz is applied to the Y-plates of a cathode-ray oscilloscope

(c.r.o.).

The diagram shows the screen of the c.r.o.

What is the time taken for the spot to cross the screen?

A 3s B 6s C 15 s D 30 s

(Q37/P11/J11)
O'Level PAGE 125 Book-5

17 The trace of a waveform is seen on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.

trace

1 1
0.5 2 0.5 2
0.2 5 0.2 5

0.1 10 0.1 10

vertical time-base
gain ms / cm
V / cm

Which statement about the controls is correct?

A The amplitude of the trace is changed by adjusting the time-base.

B The amplitude of the trace is changed by adjusting the vertical gain.
C The whole trace is moved to the right by adjusting the time-base.
D The whole trace is moved upwards by adjusting the vertical gain. (Q37/P12/N12)

18 The diagram shows the output of an a.c. generator as displayed on a cathode-ray oscilloscope.
The horizontal scale is 5 ms / cm.

1 cm

What is the time for one complete rotation of the coil of the generator?

A 5 ms B 10 ms C 20 ms D 30 ms
(Q36/P12/N12)
O'Level PAGE 126 Book-5

19 A thermistor and a light-dependent resistor are connected in series.

Which conditions give the largest resistance?

cold dark

cold light

hot dark

hot light (Q36/P11/N13)

20 A relay is used in a circuit containing a bell.

coil T

bell

P S
Q

How can the apparatus be altered to make the sound of the bell louder?

A increase the number of turns on coil T

B increase the voltage of battery P
C increase the voltage of battery Q
D move the coil closer to switch S (Q35/P12/J14)
O'Level PAGE 127 Book-5

21 Why is a reed relay used in a switching circuit?

A to switch on a small current using a large current

B to switch on a small voltage using a large voltage
C to switch on a large current using a small current
D to switch on a large voltage using a large current (Q36/P11/N14)

22 In the circuit shown, all lamps are identical. Lamp P lights with normal brightness.

Q
P
Y
R

Switch Y is closed and lamps come on.

Which row indicates the brightness of the lamps?

P Q R

A dim dim dim

B normal dim dim
C normal off off
D off normal normal (Q38/P12/N15)

23 Which section of the circuit contains a potential divider?

A B C D

buzzer

(Q36/P11/N15)
O'Level PAGE 128 Book-5

24 Which circuit contains a fuse and a diode?

A B

C D

(Q29/P11/N15)

25. Which component, when used in a circuit, allows current to pass in only one direction?

A B C D

(Q36/P11/J16)

26 A potential divider consists of a thermistor and a light-dependent resistor (LDR).

6.0 V

0V

Which conditions give the smallest voltage V across the LDR?

A cold and dark

B cold and light
C hot and dark
(Q37/P11/J16)
D hot and light
O'Level PAGE 129 Book-5

27 The table gives the colour code used for marking resistors.

black brown red orange yellow green blue violet

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

What is the resistance of the resistor in the diagram?

yellow violet orange

A 4.73 Ω B 473 Ω C 4700 Ω D 47 000 Ω

(Q37/P11/N16)

28 A resistor of constant resistance and a thermistor are connected in series with a battery. A

voltmeter is connected in parallel with the resistor.

resistor V

thermistor

The temperature falls.

What are the correct changes?

resistance of voltmeter
thermistor reading

A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
(Q38/P12/N16)
D increases increases
O'Level PAGE 130 Book-5

29 A thermistor and a light-dependent resistor (LDR) are connected in series. A potential difference
(p.d.) of 6.0 V is applied across them as shown.

+6.0 V

thermistor

LDR

0V

The thermistor has a resistance of 6000 Ω in a cold room and 1000 Ω in a warm room. The LDR
has a resistance of 2000 Ω in dim light and 500 Ω in bright light.

When is the p.d. across the LDR equal to 2.0 V?

A in a cold room with bright light

B in a cold room with dim light
C in a warm room with bright light
D in a warm room with dim light (Q35/P12/J17)

30 A light-emitting diode (LED) is connected to an alternating current (a.c.) supply.

a.c. supply

LED

The LED flashes on and off.

What is the direction of the current in the LED when it emits light?

A towards the left only

B towards the right only
C towards the left or towards the right
D there is no current in the LED
(Q36/P11/N17)
O'Level PAGE 131 Book-5

31 A circuit includes a thermistor and a light-dependent resistor (LDR).

The resistance of the thermistor and the resistance of the LDR both increase.

Which changes cause this?

change to thermistor change to LDR

A decrease in temperature decrease in brightness

B decrease in temperature increase in brightness
C increase in temperature decrease in brightness
D increase in temperature increase in brightness
(Q36/P12/N17)
O'Level PAGE 132 Book-5

RESPONSE SHEET ELECTRONICS

1.C 26.B

2.B 27.D
3.C 28.C
4.C 29.C
5.A 30.B
6.A 31.A
7.C
8.C
9.A
10.A
11.C
12.B
13.C
14.D
15.A
16.A
17.B
18.C
19.A
20.C
21.C
22.B
23.B
24.D
25.A
O'Level PAGE 133 Book-5

7 Fig. 7.1 shows an electrical circuit and a cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O.).

C.R.O.

Y-input
Y-gain

time base

Fig. 7.1

(a) On Fig. 7.1, draw the connections you would make to enable the C.R.O. to measure
the potential difference (p.d.) across the resistor. [1]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows the trace on the screen before and after the connections are made.

trace after C.R.O. is

connected to resistor

one division
trace before C.R.O. is
connected to resistor

Fig. 7.2

The Y-gain control is set at 2 V for each division on the screen.

(i) State the value of the p.d. across the resistor.

p.d. = .............................................................. [2]

(ii) The Y-gain control is altered to 4 V for each division.
On Fig. 7.2, draw the new trace seen on the screen. [1]

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8 EITHER

The Y-plates of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) are connected to an alternating voltage of

amplitude 4.0 V and frequency 25 Hz.

The Y-gain of the CRO is set at 2.0 V / division and the time-base is set at 0.01 s / division.

On the grid below, draw the trace on the screen of the CRO. Show your calculations beside
the grid. [4]

one division

OR

Fig. 8.1 shows a transistor used in the circuit of a simple moisture detector.

lamp
metal
contacts

water transistor

Fig. 8.1

(a) Describe what happens when the water level in the beaker reaches the metal contacts.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) State one use for this simple moisture detector.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

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11 An a.c. generator produces alternating current.

(a) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a simple a.c. generator. [3]

(ii) Explain how the current is generated. [2]

(b) The output of the generator is connected to the terminals of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.
Fig. 11.1 shows the trace produced on the screen of the oscilloscope.

1 division

trace

Fig. 11.1

(i) Each vertical division on the scale in Fig. 11.1 represents 2 volts.
Describe how you would check that one vertical division represents 2 volts. [4]
(ii) The trace in Fig. 11.1 is too small and is at the bottom of the screen.
Adjustments are made to the oscilloscope controls to produce the trace in Fig. 11.2.

Fig. 11.2

State and explain the adjustments made to the oscilloscope controls. [3]
(iii) Explain how the beam of electrons is produced inside the cathode-ray oscilloscope. [3]

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11 (c) (i) Describe in outline how the circuit in Fig. 11.1 can be used as a thermometer.
[2]

(ii) State two advantages of a thermometer such as this over a liquid-in-glass

thermometer. [2]

(iii) The change in voltmeter reading with temperature is non-linear. Explain what is
meant by non-linear. [2]

OR (c) The voltmeter is removed from the circuit in Fig. 11.1 and the negative terminal of
the battery is earthed. A connection is made from the circuit to the inputs A and B of
a NAND gate. The output of the NAND gate is connected to an LED (light-emitting
diode) and a resistor. This is shown in Fig. 11.2.

16.0 Ω

9.0 V

X A

B
LED

Fig. 11.2

(i) Draw the truth table for a NAND gate. [2]

(ii) The LED is lit. State the inputs at A and B and explain why these inputs cause
the LED to light. [2]

(iii) X is slowly heated to a very high temperature. At a certain temperature, the

LED switches off. Explain why this happens. [2]

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9 EITHER

Fig. 9.1 shows a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.). An alternating voltage supply is applied to the
input and the trace produced is shown.

1 division

1 division

2 2
1 5 1 5
0.5 10 0.5 10
Y-gain time base
V / division ms / division
from alternating input
supply

Fig. 9.1

(a) Use Fig. 9.1 to determine the maximum voltage of the supply.

voltage = .......................................................... [2]

(b) Describe how the trace on the screen and the controls on the c.r.o. are used to measure the
time between any two points on the trace.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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OR

The circuit diagram shown in Fig. 9.2 uses an LDR as the sensor in an automatic night light.

lamp

LDR

Fig. 9.2

When it gets dark, the lamp turns on.

(a) State the name of component A.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Explain why the lamp turns on when it gets dark.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

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Q10 (b) A microphone is connected to a c.r.o. to display a sound wave.

Fig. 10.2 shows the trace on the c.r.o.

1 division

1 division

Fig. 10.2

The settings on the c.r.o. are: Y-gain 0.5 V / division; time base 2.0 ms / division.

(i) Determine

1. the maximum voltage,

voltage = ...........................................................[1]

2. the time for one oscillation,

time = ...........................................................[2]

3. the frequency of the sound wave.

frequency = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) The settings of the c.r.o. remain the same. On Fig. 10.2, sketch the trace of a sound wave
with a smaller amplitude and a lower frequency. [2]

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8 A transformer and a diode are used to charge a battery.

Fig. 8.1 shows the transformer, which contains a soft-iron core and two coils.

soft-iron core secondary coil diode

primary coil

battery
240 V
being
a.c.
charged

Fig. 8.1

The primary coil is connected to the 240 V a.c. mains supply. The secondary coil is connected in
series with the diode and the battery.

(a) Explain why an electromotive force (e.m.f.) is induced in the secondary coil.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The e.m.f. induced in the secondary coil is less than 240 V.

Suggest why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Suggest why steel is not used as the core of a transformer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Describe the action of the diode.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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11 A student connects a thermistor in series with a battery and an ammeter. He uses the resistance
of the thermistor to determine temperature.

(a) In the space below, draw a circuit diagram showing the thermistor, the battery and the
ammeter.

[3]

(b) The student places the thermistor in a water bath at various temperatures and records the
reading on the ammeter.

Fig. 11.1 shows how the current varies with temperature.

0.40

0.30

current / A 0.20

0.10

0
0 20 40 60 80
temperature / °C

Fig. 11.1

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The potential difference (p.d.) across the thermistor remains constant.

The resistance of the thermistor is 240 Ω at a temperature of 20 °C.

(i) Using Fig. 11.1, calculate

1. the potential difference (p.d.) across the thermistor,

p.d. = ...........................................................[3]

2. the resistance of the thermistor at a temperature of 40 °C.

resistance = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) The resistance of the thermistor is 240 Ω at a temperature of 20 °C and 48 Ω at a

temperature of 60 °C.

The resistance of the thermistor does not change linearly with temperature.

Describe how the resistances at 20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C show this is true.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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6 EITHER

The main part of a cathode-ray oscilloscope consists of a glass tube. At one end of the tube,
electrons are emitted by a hot metal filament.

(a) State two requirements for there to be a continuous flow of electrons in the tube.

1. . ..............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. . ..............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A microphone detects two pulses of sound. The output is displayed on the screen of an
oscilloscope.

Fig. 6.1 shows how the voltage output of the microphone varies with time.

voltage

0
0 time

Fig. 6.1

Describe how the time between the two pulses can be determined using the display on the
screen of the oscilloscope.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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O'Level PAGE 144 Book-5

OR

Many electronic and digital circuits include logic gates. The NAND gate is a type of logic gate.

(a) In the space below, draw the circuit symbol for a NAND gate.

[1]

(b) The two input terminals of a NAND gate are connected to zero voltage (logic state 0) and no
energy is supplied to these terminals.

The output of the NAND gate is connected to an LED (light-emitting diode). The output is not
zero (it has a logic state of 1) and the LED is glowing brightly.

(i) Energy is supplied to the LED by the NAND gate.

State where this energy comes from.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Complete the truth table for a NAND gate.

inputs output
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
[2]

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