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 Contents    vii
12.4 Simplifying Complex Rational Expressions 784
12.5 Solving Rational Equations 793
12.6 Modeling with Rational Functions 805
12.7 Proportions; Similar Triangles 817
12.8 Variation 823
Taking It to the Lab: Climate Change Lab (continued from
Chapter 9) • Illumination Lab • Boyle’s Law Lab • Estimating P
Lab 838
CHAPTER SUMMARY 840
Key Points of Chapter 12 840
Chapter 12 Review Exercises 843
Chapter 12 Test 845

Percentages of Births
“Despite Contraception”
13 RADICAL FUNCTIONS 847
(p. 900) 13.1 Simplifying Radical Expressions 847
p 13.2 Adding, Subtracting, and Multiplying Radical Expressions 857
100 13.3 Rationalizing Denominators and Simplifying Quotients of Radical
80 Expressions 866
Percent

60 13.4 Graphing and Combining Square Root Functions 874

40 13.5 Solving Radical Equations 881
20 13.6 Modeling with Square Root Functions 893
n Taking It to the Lab: Pendulum Lab 903
1 2 3 4 5 6
Birth order CHAPTER SUMMARY 904
Key Points of Chapter 13 904
Chapter 13 Review Exercises 906
Chapter 13 Test 907

Rates for Math Tutoring

(p. 911)
14 SEQUENCES AND SERIES 909
an
14.1 Arithmetic Sequences 909
14.2 Geometric Sequences 916
Dollars per hour

100
14.3 Arithmetic Series 923
14.4 Geometric Series 928
50
Taking It to the Lab: Bouncing Ball Lab • Stacked Cups Lab 934
CHAPTER SUMMARY 935
5 10 n Key Points of Chapter 14 935
Numbers of students Chapter 14 Review Exercises 936
Chapter 14 Test 937
Cumulative Review of Chapters 1–14 938
Intercepts of an Ellipse
(p. 964)
y 15 ADDITIONAL TOPICS 941
(0, b) 15.1 Absolute Value: Equations and Inequalities 941
Key Points of Section 15.1 947
15.2 Performing Operations with Complex Numbers 949
(a, 0) (a, 0) x
Key Points of Section 15.2 953
(0, b) 15.3 Pythagorean Theorem, Distance Formula, and Circles 954
Key Points of Section 15.3 958
viii    Contents
15.4 Ellipses and Hyperbolas 962
Key Points of Section 15.4 968
15.5 Solving Nonlinear Systems of Equations 970
Key Points of Section 15.5 973

Tracing a Curve
(p. A-2)
A 
USING A TI-83 OR TI-84 GRAPHING
CALCULATOR 976
A.1 Turning a Graphing Calculator On or Off 976
A.2 Making the Screen Lighter or Darker 976
A.3 Entering an Equation 977
A.4 Graphing an Equation 977
A.5 Tracing a Curve without a Scatterplot 977
A.6 Zooming 977
A.7 Setting the Window Format 978
A.8 Drawing a Scatterplot 979
A.9 Tracing a Scatterplot 979
A.10 Graphing Equations with a Scatterplot 980
A.11 Tracing a Curve with a Scatterplot 980
A.12 Turning a Plotter On or Off 980
A.13 Constructing a Table 980
A.14 Constructing a Table for Two Equations 981
A.15 Using “Ask” in a Table 981
A.16 Finding Regression Equations 981
A.17 Drawing Two Scatterplots 982
A.18 Finding the Intersection Point(s) of Two Curves 983
A.19 Finding the Minimum Point(s) or Maximum Point(s) of a
Curve 983
A.20 Storing a Value 984
A.21 Finding Any x-Intercepts of a Curve 984
A.22 Turning an Equation On or Off 984
A.23 Finding Coordinates of Points 985
A.24 Graphing Equations with Axes “Turned Off” 985
A.25 Entering an Equation by Using Yn References 985
A.26 Responding to Error Messages 985

B USING STATCRUNCH 988

B.1 Entering Data 988
B.2 Constructing Scatterplots 988
B.3 Finding Linear or Quadratic Regression Equations 989
B.4 Finding Exponential Regression Equations 989

ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES 991

Index I-1
Preface
“The question of common sense is always, ‘What is it good for?’—a question which would
abolish the rose and be answered triumphantly by the cabbage.”
—James Russell Lowell

These words seem to suggest that poet and editor James Russell Lowell (1819–1891)
took Elementary and Intermediate Algebra. How many times have your students
asked, “What is it good for?” After years of responding “You’ll find out in the next
course,” I began an ongoing quest to develop a more satisfying and substantial response
to my students’ query.
This ongoing quest has led me to author three algebra texts and, most recently,
a new stat prep text, A Pathway to Introductory Statistics. I have a passion for using
authentic data, centered around a curve-fitting approach to help students learn in
­
context.

Curve-Fitting Approach Although there are many ways to center Elementary and
Intermediate Algebra courses around authentic applications, I chose a curve-fitting ap-
proach for several reasons. A curve-fitting approach
• allows great flexibility in choosing interesting, authentic, current situations to model.
• emphasizes concepts related to functions in a natural, substantial way.
• deepens students’ understanding of functions because it requires students to describe
functions graphically, numerically, symbolically, and verbally.
• unifies the many diverse topics of typical Elementary and Intermediate Algebra
courses.
There is yet one more reason I chose a curve-fitting approach. Elementary and
Intermediate Algebra courses are meant to prepare some students for a Calculus STEM
track and others for Statistics, Liberal Arts Math, and so on (non-STEM tracks). This is
a great challenge because Calculus, Statistics, and so on are vastly different courses not
only in content but also in the type of problem solving they require. Teaching algebra
with curve fitting empowers instructors to prepare students for all types of content and
problem solving.
To fit a curve to data, students learn the following four-step modeling process:
1. Examine the data set to determine which type of model, if any, to use.
2. Find an equation of the model.
3. Verify that the model fits the data.
4. Use the model to make estimates and predictions.
This four-step process weaves together topics that are crucial to the course.
Students must notice numerical patterns from data displayed in tables, recognize graph-
ical patterns in scatterplots, find equations of functions, graph and evaluate functions,
and solve equations.
Not only does curve fitting foster cohesiveness within chapters, but it also creates
a parallel theme for each chapter that introduces and discusses a new function. This
structure enhances students’ abilities to observe similarities and differences among fun-
damental functions such as linear functions, quadratic functions, exponential functions,
logarithmic functions, rational functions, and radical functions.
Curve fitting serves as a portal for students to see the usefulness of mathematics so
they become fully engaged in the class. Once involved, students are more receptive to
all aspects of the course.

ix
x    Preface

NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION

Students will benefit from the following changes to the third edition of Elementary and
Intermediate Algebra: Functions and Authentic Applications:
• In previous editions, all authentic data sets in the print text were represented by
similar, yet generic (inauthentic), data sets in MyLab Math to provide algorithmically-
generated similar exercises for students completing homework in MyLab Math.
However, in the new edition, where possible, MyLab Math exercises maintain the
authenticity of the data. This has been accomplished by sampling from a large data
set to generate six authentic data sets that inherit the same trend.
• MyLab Math Exercises: The number of skill, modeling, and conceptual exercises in
MyLab Math has been increased to fully capture the spirit of the print textbook. In
fact, for the first time ever, Related Review exercises (described later in the preface)
will be assignable in MyLab Math.
• Large Data Sets: Many students who use this textbook will not perform regression
analysis in their careers, but some will work with large data sets. Such work will also
help prepare students to take Statistics. With this in mind, new exercises that involve
large data sets have been sprinkled throughout the textbook. They directly follow the
heading “Large Data Sets.” The data sets consist of as many as thousands of rows and
tens of columns of data.
• Downloadable Data Sets: To support the appropriate use of technology when
completing exercises and labs, data sets that consist of 16 or more data values can
now be downloaded as Excel files at MyLab Math and at the Pearson Downloadable
Student Resources for Math and Statistics website:
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/mathstatsresources. These data sets in MyLab Math
can also be opened in StatCrunch. Exercises that involve such data sets are flagged in
the print textbook by the icon .
• Augmented Data Sets: To make the data sets as current and relevant as possible,
241 data sets in examples and exercises have been augmented to include values for
recent years.
• New Data Sets: 317 data sets in examples and exercises have been replaced with
more compelling and contemporary topics such as immigration, national health care,
and trust in the mass media.
• Climate Change Labs: All eight Climate Change labs have been updated to address
the latest data and political events concerning this incredibly important global issue.
• Graphing Calculator Instructions: Appendix A, which consists of TI-83/TI-84 graph-
ing calculator instructions, was available only online in the previous edition. To make
the appendix more accessible to students, it is now included in the textbook.
• StatCrunch Instructions: Some departments that require StatCrunch for their
Statistics courses introduce StatCrunch in their Elementary and Intermediate Alge-
bra courses. To support such departments, Appendix B, which contains StatCrunch
instructions, has been added to the textbook.
• Explorations: Research has shown that students learn more when they take part
in collaborative activities. To support instructors in facilitating group learning, the
number of explorations has been increased.
• Section Opener Explorations: Explorations that can be used at the start of a section
have been moved from the preceding section to the current section. The new place-
ment will visually remind instructors to assign such explorations and make it easier
for students to access them.
• Statistics Terminology: To better support students who will take Statistics, the termi-
nology has been improved: The words scattergram, independent variable, and depen-
dent variable have been replaced with scatterplot, explanatory variable, and response
variable.
 Preface    xi
• Graphing Linear Equations and Linear Models: The technique of graphing e­ quations
of the forms x = a and y = b has been moved from Section 3.2 to Section 3.1.
This way, all equations of the forms y = mx + b and x = a are now contained within
one section (3.1), and Section 3.2 is now devoted to unit analysis and graphing linear
models.
• Logarithm Preparation: The technique of converting expressions in exponential
form to and from expressions in radical form has been added to Section 10.2 to bet-
ter lay a foundation for logarithms in Chapter 11.
• Color: More color has been used to enhance connections between equations, graphs,
tables, and coordinates of ordered pairs.

CONTINUED FROM THE SECOND EDITION

Unique Organization Many college students who take Elementary and Intermediate
Algebra had significant difficulties with the equivalent courses in high school. These
students face a greater challenge in the college courses because they must complete
the two courses in two semesters, rather than four. Instead of presenting the material
in the “same old way,” this textbook provides a unique organization that will better aid
students in succeeding.

Removing the Overlap By combining the material from my Elementary Algebra

textbook and my Intermediate Algebra textbook and cutting out the overlap, profes-
sors have more time to go into depth when discussing concepts and to assign Taking It
to the Lab experiments and Group Exploration activities (both described later in the
preface).

Spiraling of Concepts Although removing the overlap offers significant benefits

to students, if a concept is never revisited, students may not retain it. Fortunately,
curve fitting naturally revisits concepts as students’ tool bag of functions grows.
In each modeling section, exercises require students to compare the implications
of using the various types of functions to model authentic situations. In addition,
students’ retention of key concepts can be enhanced in Chapters 5–15 by complet-
ing two special types of exercises, Related Review and Expressions, Equations,
Functions, and Graphs. These types of exercises are described in greater detail later
in the preface.

Micro Combination of Elementary Algebra and Intermediate Algebra Most

textbooks that combine Elementary Algebra and Intermediate Algebra intermingle the
two courses’ content at the chapter or, perhaps, section level. For this textbook, I have
performed microsurgery to join the material from the two courses at the Example and
exercise level. Each section and Homework set begins at the Elementary Algebra level,
yet builds to a solid Intermediate Algebra level.

Making Sure You’re Ready for Intermediate Algebra Both Chapters 7 and 8
close with sets of exercises designed to help students who didn’t use the textbook for
Elementary Algebra smoothly transition into using it for Intermediate Algebra. The ex-
ercises also serve as good review for students who did use the textbook for Elementary
Algebra.

Modeling Exercises To give this third edition a current and lively feel, the vast ma-
jority of the hundreds of modeling exercises in the text have been updated or replaced.
Most of the application exercises contain tables of data, but some describe data in para-
graph form to give students practice in picking out relevant information and defining
variables. Both types of applications are excellent preparation for subsequent courses
(especially Statistics).
xii    Preface
Early Graphing In Chapter 3, students learn to graph linear equations only in the
forms y = mx + b and x = a. This way, they can focus on the fundamental concepts
of slope and y-intercept. As many professors have reported, students do exceedingly
well in Chapter 3. This early-graphing organization postpones simplifying expressions
and solving equations, buying students a bit more time to find their “sea legs” before
moving on to the more challenging symbolic manipulation work in Chapter 4. By the
time that students reach Section 5.1, they are ready to graph equations that are not in
slope–intercept form, but can be put into it.
The early-graphing approach also enables students to solve equations graphically as
well as symbolically. Most of Chapters 4–15 include exercises that reinforce the connec-
tion between graphing and solving equations or systems of equations.

Early Functions Although some textbooks introduce functions early in the course,
the concept is rarely included in subsequent sections, and when it is included, the treat-
ment is light. In this textbook, functions are introduced early (Section 5.2) and are
emphasized throughout the book in meaningful ways such as by curve fitting, providing
students with a solid foundation for subsequent courses such as Trigonometry, College
Algebra, and Precalculus.

Early Logarithmic Functions Unlike the organization in most textbooks, exponen-

tial functions and logarithmic functions are presented before rational functions and
radical functions. Professors who have used the preceding editions have commented
over and over again how much they value an early-logarithm organization. Although
rational functions and radical functions present their own challenges, most students
have more difficulties with logarithmic functions, and it pays to have them learning
about this concept while they still have energy.

Group Explorations All sections of this text contain one to three explorations that
support student investigation of a concept. Instructors can use explorations as collab-
orative activities during class time or as part of homework assignments. The “Section
Opener” explorations are meant to have students discover the section’s concepts at the
start of class. The other explorations are designed to have students apply concepts they
have learned in the section in new ways. Both types of explorations can empower stu-
dents to become active explorers of mathematics and open the door to the wonder and
beauty of the subject.

Taking It to the Lab Sections Laboratory assignments have been included at the
end of most chapters to deepen students’ understanding of concepts and the scientific
method. These labs reinforce the idea that mathematics is useful. They are also an ex-
cellent avenue for more in-depth writing assignments.
Some of the labs are about climate change and have been written at a higher read-
ing level than the rest of the text in order to give students a sense of what it is like to
perform research. Students will find that by carefully reading (and possibly rereading)
the background information, they can comprehend the information and apply concepts
they have learned in the course to make estimates and predictions about this compel-
ling, current, and authentic situation.

Balanced Extensive Homework Sections Most exercise sets contain a large num-
ber of modeling, skill, and conceptual exercises to allow professors maximum flexibility
in setting assignments.

Related Review These exercises (in every section of Chapters 5–15) relate current
concepts to previously learned concepts. Such exercises assist students in seeing the “big
picture” of the course. This exercise type is now also assignable in MyLab Math.

Expressions, Equations, Functions, and Graphs These exercises (in every ­section
of Chapters 5–15) help students gain a solid understanding of those core concepts,
­including how to distinguish among them.
 Preface    xiii
Technology The text assumes students have access to technology such as the TI-83 or
TI-84 graphing calculator, Excel, or StatCrunch. Technology of this sort allows students
to construct scatterplots and check the fit of a model quickly and accurately. It also em-
powers students to verify their results from Homework exercises and efficiently explore
mathematical concepts in the Group Explorations.
The text supports instructors in holding students accountable for all aspects of
the course without the aid of technology, including finding equations of models.
(Regression equations are included in the Answers section because it can be difficult or
impossible to anticipate which points a student will choose in trying to find a reasonable
equation.)

Appendix A: Using a TI-83 or TI-84 Graphing Calculator Appendix A contains

step-by-step instructions for using the TI-83 and TI-84 graphing calculators. A sub-
set of this appendix can serve as a tutorial early in the course. In addition, when the
text requires a new calculator skill, students are referred to the appropriate section in
Appendix A.

Appendix B: Using StatCrunch Appendix B contains step-by-step instructions for

using StatCrunch. The appendix describes how to enter data, construct scatterplots, and
find regression equations.

Exposition If students can’t make sense of the prose, it doesn’t matter how precise
it is. One of my top goals is to write descriptions that are straightforward, accessible,
clear, and rigorous.

Tips for Success Many sections close with tips that are intended to help students suc-
ceed in the course. A complete listing of these tips is included in the Index.

Additional Topics Chapter Topics typically taught in Elementary and Intermediate

Algebra that cannot be connected with a curve-fitting approach at the appropriate level
are assembled in Chapter 15. Each section contains a Section Quiz feature. The union
of these quizzes can be used as a set of review exercises for Chapter 15. Instructors who
wish to “cut and paste” sections from that chapter into earlier chapters can append
these quizzes to the appropriate Chapter Review exercises.

GETTING IN TOUCH
I would love to hear from you and would greatly appreciate receiving your comments
regarding this text. If you have any questions, please ask them, and I will respond.

Thank you for your interest in preserving the rose.

Jay Lehmann
[email protected]
Resources for Success
Get the Most Out of MyLab Math
for Elementary and Intermediate Algebra,
Third Edition, by Jay Lehmann
When it comes to developmental math, one size does not fit all. Jay Lehmann’s Elementary and
Intermediate Algebra offers market-leading content written by an author-educator, tightly integrated
with the #1 choice in digital learning—MyLab Math. MyLab Math courses can be tailored to the
needs of instructors and students, while weaving the author’s voice and unique approach into all
elements of the course. Learning mathematical concepts through authentic data comes through
from the text to the MyLab course seamlessly.
Take advantage of the following resources to get the most out of your MyLab Math course.

Conceptual Understanding and Motivation

New! Large Data Sets in exercises and explorations
get students accustomed to working with as many
as thousands of rows of data. Data sets that involve
approximately 10 or more values are available for
download to support the appropriate use of technology.
Noted with a icon, these exercises are ideal for using
technology, like StatCrunch or Excel, to analyze the data
and synthesize concepts. In today’s age of “big data,” it’s
important for students to see how technology
can efficiently and accurately help when working
with large data sets.

New! StatCrunch is a web-based

statistical software available from
within the MyLab Math course that
students can use to easily analyze
data sets from exercises and the text.
Through StatCrunch users can access
tens of thousands of shared data sets,
create and conduct online surveys,
perform complex analyses using the
powerful statistical software, and
generate compelling reports.

pearson.com/mylab/math
New! Select exercises with
authentic data have been care-
fully revised to retain authentic data
values, even when regenerating
algorithmically. Oftentimes students
sacrifice working with real-world
data when they regenerate exercises
with new values in MyLab Math. In
this revision, the author has taken
special care to ensure that many
exercises’ algorithmic versions of the
question still ask the student to work
with actual data pulled from real-
world situations.

Updated! Video Lecture Series provides students

with extra help for each objective of the textbook.
The videos highlight key examples and exercises
for every section of the textbook, and a modern
interface allows easy navigation. Videos have been
greatly updated to reflect changes in the current
edition.

Personalized Learning
and Preparedness
New! Skill Builder exercises offer just-
in-time additional adaptive practice.
The adaptive engine tracks student
performance and delivers questions
to each individual that adapt to his or
her level of understanding. This new
feature allows instructors to assign
fewer questions for homework, allowing
students to complete as many or as few
questions needed.

Enhanced Sample Assignments make course set-up easier by giving instructors a starting point for
each section and chapter. Homework assignments have been carefully curated for this specific text
and include a thoughtful mix of question types. Find these sample assignments in the Assignment
Manager, under Copy and Assign Sample Assignments.

pearson.com/mylab/math
Visit https://ebooksecure.com
now to explore a rich
collection of ebook and enjoy
exciting offers!
Resources for Success
Instructor Resources Student Resources
The following instructor resources are available New! Concepts and Explorations
to download from the Instructor Resource Center Notebook: Working with Authentic Data
at www.pearson.com, or in your MyLab Math This new compelling resource for students
course. correlates to the text and provides students
with opportunities to dig into data and
Instructor’s Resource Manual solve problems using pencil and paper. The
This manual, written by the author, contains workbook includes:
suggestions for pacing the course and creat-
ing homework assignments. It discusses how • Explorations that offer collaborative activi-
to incorporate technology and how to struc- ties to support discovery of key concepts.
ture project assignments. The manual also • Modeling exercises with authentic data that
contains section-by-section suggestions for give students more practice on this multi-
presenting lectures and for undertaking the faceted concept, that can be sometimes
explorations in the text. hard to fully accomplish through MyLab
Math.
Power Points • Projects that can be either open-ended
These fully editable lecture slides include or more guided, and ask students to dig
definitions, key concepts, and examples for deeper into a data set and think critically.
use in a lecture setting and are available for
• Graphing exercises that ask students to
each section of the text.
practice graphing on their own, beyond
Instructor’s Solutions Manual what they do in MyLab Math.
This manual includes complete solutions to • Mini-Essay questions that prompt students
the even-numbered exercises in the text. to think conceptually, also beyond what
they do in MyLab Math!
TestGen
TestGen enables instructors to build, edit,
Student’s Solutions Manual
print, and administer tests by using a com- This manual contains the complete solutions
puterized bank of questions developed to to the odd-numbered exercises in the Home-
cover all the objectives of the text. TestGen work sections of the text.
is algorithmically based, allowing instructors
to create multiple, but equivalent, versions of
the same question or test with the click of a
button. Instructors can also modify test-bank
questions or add new questions. Tests can be
printed or administered online. The software
and test bank are available for download from
Pearson’s online catalogue.

pearson.com/mylab/math
To the Student
You are about to embark on an exciting journey. In this course, you will learn not only
more about algebra but also how to apply algebra to describe and make predictions
about authentic situations. “Authentic situations” might make you think twice, but this
just means situations that are really happening in the world. This text contains data that
describe hundreds of these situations. Most of the data have been collected from recent
publications, so, the information is current and of interest to the general public. There
is data about concert tickets, success in school, climate change, sports, and so on. I hope
it interests you too.
Working with authentic data will make mathematics more meaningful. While
working with data about authentic situations, you will learn mathematical concepts that
will be easier to learn because they will be connected to familiar contexts. And you will
see that almost any situation can be viewed mathematically. That vision will help you
understand the situation and make estimates and/or predictions.
Many of the problems you will explore in this course involve data collected in a sci-
entific experiment, survey, or census. The practical way to deal with such data sets is to
use technology. So, a graphing calculator or computer system is required.
Analyzing authentic situations is a lifelong skill. We are living in the “age of data.”
In addition to working with data sets in this text, your instructor may assign some of
the labs. Here you will collect data through experiment or research. This will give you a
more complete picture of how you can use the approaches presented in this text in ev-
eryday life, and likely in your lifelong careers. Being able to work with and understand
data can lead to higher-paying jobs and success.
Hands-on explorations are rewarding and fun. This text contains explorations
with step-by-step instructions that will lead you to discover concepts, rather than hear
or read about them. Because discovering a concept is exciting, it is more likely to leave
a lasting impression on you. Also, as you progress through the explorations, your abil-
ity to make intuitive leaps will improve, as will your confidence in doing mathematics.
Over the years, students have remarked to me time and time again that they never
dreamed that learning math could be so much fun.
This text contains special features to help you succeed. Many sections contain
a Tips for Success feature. These tips are meant to inspire you to try new strategies to
help you succeed in this course and future courses. If you browse through all the tips
early in the course, you can take advantage of as many of them as you wish. Then, as
you progress through the text, you’ll be reminded of your favorite strategies. A com-
plete listing of Tips for Success is included in the Subject Index.
Other special features that can support you include Warnings, which can help you
avoid common misunderstandings; Key Points summaries, which can help you review
and retain concepts and skills addressed in the chapter you have just read; Related
Review exercises, which can help you understand current concepts in the context of
previously learned concepts; and Expressions, Equations, Functions, and Graphs exer-
Jay has a wide variety of cises, which can help you understand and distinguish among these four core concepts.
interests. He is pictured here
playing with his rock band, The Feel free to contact me. It is my pleasure to read and respond to e-mails from stu-
Procrastinistas. (Photo cour- dents who are using my text. If you have any questions or comments about the text, feel
tesy of Rick Gilbert) free to contact me.
Jay Lehmann
[email protected]

xvii
Acknowledgments
Writing a modeling text is an endurance run I couldn’t have completed without the
dedicated assistance of many people. First, I’m greatly indebted to Keri, my wife, who
yet again served as an irreplaceable sounding board for the countless decisions that
went into creating this book.
I acknowledge several people at Pearson Education. I’m very grateful to Editor-
in-Chief Michael Hirsch, who has shared in my vision for this text and made significant
investments to make that vision happen. The book has been greatly enhanced through the
support of Senior Acquisitions Editor Rachel Ross, who made a multitude of contribu-
tions, including assembling an incredible team to develop and produce this text. The team
includes Content Producer Tamela Ambush, who handled countless tasks to support me
in preparing the manuscript for production, leading to a significantly better book.
Heartfelt thanks goes to Project Manager Thomas Russell, who orchestrated the
many aspects of production.
And thanks to Rick Gilbert for the awesome photograph in the “To the Student”
section of the author performing with his band, The Procrastinistas, at the Hotel Utah
in San Francisco.
I thank these reviewers, whose thoughtful, detailed comments helped me sculpt this
text into its current form:

Scott Adamson, Chandler-Gilbert Community College Jane E. Mays, Grand Valley State University
Thomas Adamson, Phoenix College Scott McDaniel, Middle Tennessee State University
Ken Anderson, Chemeketa Community College Tim Merzenich, Chemeketa Community College
Gwen Autin, Southeastern Louisiana University C. R. Messer, American River College
Mona Baarson, Jackson Community College Jason L. Miner, Santa Barbara City College
Sam Bazzi, Henry Ford Community College Nolan Mitchell, Chemeketa Community College
Joel Berman, Valencia Community College—East Camille Moreno, Cosumnes River College
Nancy Brien, Middle Tennessee State University Lisa Mosser, Jackson Community College
Ronnie Brown, University of Baltimore Ellen Musen, Brookdale Community College
Barbara Burke, Hawaii Pacific University Charlie Naffziger, Central Oregon Community College
Laurie Burton, Western Oregon University Chris Nord, Chemeketa Community College
Paula Castagna, Fresno City College Donna Marie Norman, Jefferson Community College
James Cohen, Los Medanos College Denise Nunley, Glendale Community College
Jeff Cohen, El Camino College Karen D. Pain, Palm Beach State College
Joseph DeGuzman, Norco College Ernest Palmer, Grand Valley State University
Cynthia Ellis, Purdue University, Fort Wayne Ellen Rebold, Brookdale Community College
Junko Forbes, El Camino College Jody Rooney, Jackson Community College
William P. Fox, Francis Marion University James Ryan, State Center Community College District, Clovis
Cathy Gardner, Grand Valley State University Barbara Savage, Roxbury Community College
James Gray, Tacoma Community College Ned Schillow, Lehigh Carbon Community College
Kathryn M. Gundersen, Three Rivers Community College Ingrid Scott, Montgomery College
Miriam Harris-Botzum, Lehigh Carbon Community College Kathy Self, Georgia Military College—Milledgeville
Stephanie Haynes, Davis & Elkins College David Shellabarger, Lane Community College
Rick Hough, Skyline College Laura Smallwood, Chandler-Gilbert Community College
Tracey Hoy, College of Lake County John Szeto, Southeastern Louisiana University
Denise Hum, Cañada College Janet Teeguarden, Ivy Tech Community College
Evan Innerst, Cañada College Lorna TenEyck, Chemeketa Community College
Judy Kasabian, El Camino College Cindy Vanderlaan, Purdue University, Fort Wayne
Peter Kay, Western Illinois University Lenove Vest, Lower Columbia College
Charles Klein, De Anza College Ollie Vignes, Southeastern Louisiana University
Julianne M. Labbiento, Lehigh Carbon Community College Linda Wagner, Purdue University, Fort Wayne
Jason Malozzi, Lehigh Carbon Community College Karen Wiechelman, University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Debra Martin, Purdue University, Fort Wayne Robin Williams, Palomar College
Diane Mathios, De Anza College Lisa Winch, Kalamazoo Valley Community College
Jim Matovina, Community College of Southern Nevada Cathy Zucco-Teveloff, Rider University

xviii
Index of Applications
A by entering ­information incline of climbing airplane, 149 driving from Cleveland to
acoustics. See also physics into a pop-up ad by, laser incidents, 898–899 Pittsburgh, 816
examples of sound levels, 47–48, 610–611 price per barrel of crude oil and driving from Indianapolis to
703–704, 718 percentage of American workers total fuel cost for airline Champaign, 816
faintest sound humans can by, 452 industry, average, 23 driving from Minneapolis to
hear, 625 percentage of people working at times and distances traveled, Dickinson, North
frequency of notes on a piano, age 65 or older, 586 176, 178 Dakota, 816
641–642 percentages of Americans ­ordering animals and pets driving from Oklahoma City to
guitar sound level, 452, 625 takeout food by, 24 average weight of a turkey, 227 Little Rock, 816
loudness of foghorn, 15 percentages of Americans who bachelor’s degrees in driving from San Francisco to
aeronautics and astronomy say they volunteer by, biology, 366 Salt Lake City, 846
calcium loss in weightless 588, 596 bald eagle nests in New Jersey, driving from Seattle to Eugene,
­environment, 718 percentages of Americans 625–626 810–812, 816
distance to Alpha Centauri, 625 ­without health insurance bird species involved in airline driving from Torrance,
distance to moon, 625 and, 56–57 bird strikes, number California to Sun Lakes,
escape velocity, 872–873 percentages of Hispanics ages of, 175 Arizona, 783
mass and radius of Earth, Moon, 18-24 who are college deer population, 93 driving speed, 15, 65, 66, 138–139
and Jupiter, 872–873 students, 589 dog years compared to human electric cars, 56
planet periods, 865 of speeding male drivers in fatal years, 294, 306 force of impact, 821
space debris, numbers of, 57 crashes, 612 dusky gopher frog, 660 Ford Fusion®, 365
U.S. employees who manufacture Valentine’s Day celebration, 597 herbicide use and number of bee fuel efficiencies of domestic and
aerospace products and workers who use computers on colonies, 177 imported cars, 364
parts, number of, 298 the job, 591–592 mako sharks, weights of, 517 gas consumption of 2017 ­Jaguar
weight agriculture. See also food and milk yield of cow in United XF 20d, 683
of astronaut at distance from nutrition Kingdom, 770 gas mileage of car, 50, 54–55, 66,
Earth’s surface, 830, 835 acres of U.S. farmland, 422 Pacific albacore tuna weight and 137, 613, 770
of objects on Moon and broiler chicken weight gain, mercury contamination, gasoline consumption and time
Earth, 831 658–659 294 traveled, 139, 298
age. See also demographics and cheese consumption, average rates of cricket chirping and GM and Ford employees,
population ­per-person annual, 228 temperature, 306, 684 ­number of, 451–452
approval of single men raising farm injuries, 161 striped bass, average length GMC Acadia, 362
children on their own by, genetically modified crops, acres of, 294 Honda Accord®, 366
24–25 of, 901 threatened species, number Honda CR-V®, 507
automobile accidents by, 24 levels of oat production, 297–298 of, 46 hybrid electric SUVs, average gas
of automobile and its value, 35 milk yield of cow in United total U.S. revenue of pet ­ mileage of, 613
of college and college enroll- Kingdom, 770 industry, 453 IRS standard mileage rate, 330
ment, 23 orange production in United weight of dogs and their average Jaguar XF 20d (2017) gas con-
of computer owners, 22 States, 247 life expectancy, 177 sumption, 683
credit scores by, 696 percentages of populations wolf population, 92 Kia® sales, 247
diabetes, percentages of involved in versus GNP, area. See geometry manufacturing costs, 813
Americans diagnosed 665–666 art and architecture market share of crossover
with, 295, 683 tobacco farms, number of, 662 classroom size in school ­building SUVs, 551
dog years compared to human value per acre of U.S. ­farmland, design, 237–238 market shares of automakers, 367
years, 294, 306 422 dimensions of frame for miles traveled and gallons of
drivers who admit to running red air travel ­photograph, 244 gasoline, 35
lights by, 586 airborne times and distances of Nayland Blake sculpture, 914 money owed greater than value
of Harley-Davidson riders, 609 Delta airlines flights, 178 automobiles. See also ­energy; ­motor of, 902–903
height and, 21, 837 altitude of airplane vehicles; ­transportation Nissan Altima® average sales
home ownership and, 17–18, during descent, 31–32, 35, and travel price, 176
54, 506 139, 612 accidents plug-in electric registered in
ideal age chosen by age rate of change, 164, 173 by age group, 24 United Kingdom, number
groups, 307 altitude of hot-air balloon, 26–28, crash deaths, 160–161, of, 662
life expectancy, 19 30, 35–36 401, 612 Porsche 911 Carera Turbo fuel
at birth, 295–296, 304–305, 390 Americans flying to Europe, force of car impact, 821 tank capacity, 10
of dogs, 177 number of, 120 at highway-railroad ­ reaction and breaking
health spending and, 902 bird species involved in airline crossings, 46 ­distances, 413
of women and men, 337, 360 bird strikes, number speeding and, 612 sales of, 12
of life on earth, 625 of, 175 Acura MDX, 362 seat belt usage, 305
median age at first marriage, 598 charter flights, 594–595, 599 Acura RLX value over time, 508 speed of, 2
median height for boys by, 908 distance from airplane to hori- ages and values of, 35 temperature rise in enclosed, 855
median of immigrants, 588, 598 zon, 542 all-electric registered in ­United times and distances traveled,
memory impairment and, distance to horizon from Kingdom, ­number of, 662 34, 176
720–721 ­airplane, 872 battery-electric vehicle sales, 661 Toyota Camry Hybrid XLE® gas
mental functioning and, 364–365 domestic airline fuel prices, braking distance, 542, 834, 856 consumption, 137
movie attendance, 502, 696 586–587 Cadillac CTS, 365 Toyota Prius® gas ­consumption,
percentage of Americans who are firearm discoveries at U.S. ­airports, Chevrolet Impala value over 174, 846
obese by, 56, 519 numbers of, 23, 659 time, 508 Toyota Prius® sales, 92
percentage of Americans who flights delayed, percentages of, 36 depreciation, 228, 362, traveling speed and stopping
feel they are taking a risk flights on time, percentages of, 12 365–366, 508 distance, 15

xix
xx    Index of Applications
automobiles (continued) e-commerce spending, 814 monthly data traffic per smart- e-mails, numbers of worldwide
value decline, 186, 508 gift cards promotion, 721 phone, 661 daily, 689–690
vehicle problems, average holiday shoppers shopping Nokia/Microsoft worldwide gambling online and at
­number of, 499 on Thanksgiving sales, 508 ­traditional casinos, 365
volume of gasoline in tank ­weekend, 718 number of subscribers, Google’s index size, 660
after road trip, 174, 176, independent CD and record 402, 422 Google’s worldwide revenues,
298, 507 stores, 140 percentage of users who send 172–173
aviation. See air travel IRS standard mileage rate, 330 or receive text messages Internet access, households
Kmart stores, number of, 113 multiple times per day, with, 586
B losses for various years, 12 41–43 Internet users, numbers/­
banking. See finance and banking market shares worldwide subscription rates, percentages of, 47, 342–343,
biology of automakers, 367 593–594, 595 756–757, 800, 880, 891
bacteria on a peach, 652–653, 718 of crossover SUVs, 551 cost of mail, 915 microchip DRAM half pitch, 723
faintest sound humans can of Sparkling Ice and Diet e-mails, numbers of worldwide Microsoft revenue, 590–591
hear, 625 Pepsi, 367 daily, 689–690 new scripted TV shows aired
hydrogen ion concentration in Verizon and AT&T, 808–810 Internet advertising, revenues online, 502
human blood, 625 number of years until invention from, 499 number of Internet users
leaves on a tree, 742–743 reaches mass use, 24 iPad® sales, 10 ­worldwide, 47
leaves on a tree, number of, 674 patent applications per year, landlines versus wireless phones, online crime, number of
life on earth, age of, 625 number of U.S., 252 households with, ­complaints about, 252
nerve conduction and height, 834 rate of change in PC 396–397 online trading sites, 747
number of threatened species, 46 shipments, 165 mobile wireless service, ­revenues PC shipments, rate of change in,
rate of change in ti plant restaurant annual revenues, 494 from, 165, 453
height, 173 Samsung’s and LG Electronic’s 808–810 percentage of Americans who
timber harvest, 718 global market share of number of phone calls by stu- feel they are taking a risk
business. See also consumer behav- LCDTV shipments, 413 dent, 805 by entering information
ior; employment; revenue satisfaction with size and percentages of Americans who into a pop-up ad, 610–611
and profits; sales ­influence of major get their news every day percentage of Americans who get
advertising ­corporations, 22 from the Internet and their news every day from
ads blocked by Google, 22 7-eleven stores, number of from newspapers, 610 the Internet, 610
costs of television ad slots ­worldwide, 160 phone service cost, 821 percentages of children who say
­during Super Bowl, shopping trips to grocery stores, prank e-mail, 667 their parents know where
614, 667 average weekly number rumor spread, 660, 718, 922, 932 they go online, 48
couch sales and, 682 of, 295 Samsung smartphone average podcast listeners, 508
digital ad spending, 718 solar installations, 588, 599 selling price, 228 prank e-mail, 667
Internet revenues from, 499 specialty bicycle stores, ­numbers smartphone, number of rate of change in PC shipments, 165
percentage of Americans who of, 583–584 ­Americans with, 10 social network gaming and
feel they are taking a risk Starbucks stores, number of, 663 smartphone subscriptions, ­mobile games, revenue
by entering information Subway® restaurants, number ­worldwide, 246 from, 246–247
into a pop-up ad by age, of, 25 social networking sites social networking sites
610–611 Uber, 12, 673 percentage of adults who percentage of adults who
spending for NCAA basket- value of 3D-printing use, 247 use, 247
ball tournament, 186 market, 718 percentage of Internet users percentage of Internet users
Amazon shipping revenues Verizon, 808–810 who use, 22, 123, 175 who use, 22, 123, 175
and outbound shipping percentages of Americans with percentages of Americans with
costs, 673 personal profile page personal profile page
annual revenue of U.S. ­electronics C on, 47 on, 47
and ­appliance stores chemistry. See also physics talk radio, 667 spending by advertisers on online
compared to rare earth acid solutions, 377–378, 381, 401, telephone subscription rates newspaper ads and print
mining, 36 704, 821, 939 worldwide, 593–594, 595 newspaper ads, 366
AT&T, 808–810 alcohol solutions, 376–377, 381 text messages, percentage of cell table computers, 880, 891
bankruptcy filings, 48–49 antifreeze solutions, 375–376, phone users who send or tax returns filed online, 501–502
bicycle manufacturing, 846 381, 397 receive multiple times per Twitter, 65
bike rental, 139, 822 butterfat in 2% milk, 381 day, 41–43 Wikipedia, 940
board member compensation, half-life of radioactive ­elements, T-Mobile charges, 245 YouTube visitors, average
854, 889 654–655, 661–662, 666, U.S. Postal Service first-class mail ­number of unique
car manufacture, 813 673, 716–717, 722, 743, volume, 121 monthly, 252
CEOs that are women, 745, 793 computers and Internet. See consumer behavior. See also
­perecentage of, 44, half-life of substances in also communication; ­business
155–156 ­bloodstream, 662, 722 ­entertainment, leisure, cash and debit card purchases,
changes in number of clients for lemon juice, 821 and recreation percentages of, 342
financial planner, 90–91 lime juice, 375 age of ownership, 22 consumer confidence index,
companies with B2 rating that oil solutions, 381 Apple revenue, 12 570–571
default on bonds, 499–500 communication. See also ­computers Apps on the App Store ­worldwide, debit card purchases, 228
conference room rental, 845 and Internet numbers of, 585 fraud complaints, 674
cost of mail, 915 average daily number of complaints of Internet crime, single-cup coffee brewing ­system
craft beer breweries, numbers of, texts, 120 500–501 ownership, 332
12, 586 Blackberry devices shipped, computer use on the job, 591–592 spending on Father’s Day,
creativity, 834 number of, 662 digital ad revenue, 113 174, 185
department stores and off-price cell phones digital music, annual revenues spending on Halloween, 303
stores, revenues of, 454 average monthly bills, from, 759 crime. See also law and law
dollar stores, households that 402, 422 downloaded album sales, 598 ­enforcement
shop at, 321 average time taken to ­upgrade, downloaded songs, 12 apprehension of undocumented
drive-in movie sites, number 301–302 e-commerce spending on Cyber migrants, 921, 933
of, 174 iPhone sales, 456, 498, 500 Monday, 814 arrest of ex-convicts, 900
 Index of Applications    xxi
assault rates in New York percentages of Americans rubber band stretch, 743 life insurance for non-
City, 589 18 years or older who are Salt Lake City to Omaha to smoking faculty, 664
chain letters, 932 married, 304 Helena to Salt Lake new textbook sales, 661
complaints about online crime, percentages of 30-34-year-old City, 960 number of colleges, 814
number of, 252 adults who are of skidding car, 542 number of faculty
cost per inmate in New York city ­married, 367 speed and, 66, 138–139, 247, members, 421
prisons, 418–420 median ages of immigrants, 783, 810–812, 815–816, number of men’s
crime index, 297 588, 598 832–833, 845–846 colleges, 663
death sentences and executions multigenerational households, steepness and vertical to horizon- number of students, 821
per year, 398–399 percentages of American tal distance part-time work by
drivers who admit to running red living in, 501 comparing guy wires from students, 34
lights by age, 586 number of Americans affected by ground to telephone percentage of Boise State
fraud complaints by consumers, plastic-bag bans, 113 pole, 141 freshman whose high
674 number of households, 421–422 grade of road, 141, 149, 252 school GPA was at least
inmates younger than 18 in state number of nuns in United incline of climbing airplane, 3.5, 188, 227
prisons, number of, 293 States, 184 149, 183–184 percentage of full-time
Internet, complaints of, 500–501 number of people living in ski run decline, 149, 185, 611 ­students, 54
medical identity theft, 600 ­two-bedroom house, 2 television signal intensity and, 835 percentage of Intermediate
percentages of Americans who obesity, 56 time traveled and, 34, 60, 166–167, Algebra students who
favor ban on handgun osteopathic doctors who are 176, 178, 187, 247, 625, 783, succeeded, 297, 307
possession, 46 women, percentages of, 818, 834 percentages of adults
sexual-harassment charges filed, 320, 695 Torrance, California to Sun ­completing four or
number of, 294 percentages of Americans who Lakes, Arizona, 783 more years of college,
violent-crime rates, 331 use wearable devices, 47 truck rental and distance driven, 343, 363
percentages of CEOs that are 298, 746 percentages of Hispanics ages
D women, 44, 155–156 18-24 who are ­college
demographics and population. See percentages of Hispanics ages E students, 589
also age; society 18-24 who are college economics. See also finance and room and board cost, 502
adoption of children after foster students, 589 banking student-to-faculty ratio, 294,
care, 899–900 percentages of populations consumer confidence index, 821–822
adoption of foreign-born involved in agriculture 570–571 textbook rental, 139
­children, 719 versus GNP, 665–666 federal debt undergraduates living on
ancestors, number of, 921, 932 police officers who are amount over time, 665 campus, 103
bachelor’s degrees earned by women, 571 doubling time, 715–716 college enrollment
men and women, 815 populations and land areas for owed to foreigners, 552 age of college and, 34, 287
billionaires, 54, 104 various states, 105 GDP and happiness ratings, changes in, 86–87, 89, 93
birth order and sex ratio at pregnancy rates for American 901–902 DeVry University, 122
birth, 502 Women, 519 GDPs of United States and early decision, 721
births despite contraception, teenage birthrate, 321 China, 508 in elementary algebra course,
900–901 U.S. population over time, 323, inflation, 723 294–295
births outside of marriage in U.S., 448, 452, 587–588, 597, national spending on health, 743 female students, 409–410
295, 303–304, 683, 695 664–665, 838 September long-term jobless female undergraduates, 103
China’s population, 601–602, wealth of richest and poorest rates, 596 full-time equivalent, 104–105
738–739 people, 401 transaction demand, 834 Iraqi students in U.S.
deer, 93 wolf, 92 education. See also tests and testing ­institutions, 718
dusky gopher frog, 660 women ages 16 and over who calculating total course points, 75 male students, 409–410,
female members of work, percentage of, charter schools, 8 760, 803
Congress, 293 516–517 college rate of change in, 168
Gary, Indiana, 113 women and men living alone, acceptance, 98 college tuition
gray hair in men, 22 numbers of, 815 average salaries of professors average annual, 666
height and weight of basketball world population over time, 323, at public colleges and average annual at public
teams in 2014 draft, 178 448, 660, 663, 720 universities, 299–300 ­four-year vs. public
home ownership, 17–18, 54, 506 distance. See also transportation bachelor’s degrees, number ­two-year colleges, 95
immigrants living in the United and travel earned, 213 credits (hours) and, 22, 65, 137,
States, percentages across a lake, 955–956, 959 bachelor’s degrees earned by 139, 173–174, 834
of, 519 to Alpha Centauri, 625 men and women, 815 fees and, 139, 174
India’s population, 738–739 braking, 542, 834, 856 bachelor’s degrees in ­biology, total costs and, 64, 65, 137,
Latino voter registration and of falling object, 834 366 736–737
voting, 759, 802–803 fret positions on a bass guitar, 668 bachelor’s degrees in parks, floor area of a classroom, 22,
life expectancy, 19, 295–296, gasoline consumption and recreation, leisure, and 237–238
304–305, 337–338, ­distance traveled, 137 fitness studies, 366 graduation party, 599
360, 902 gasoline taxes per 1000 miles core GPAs/SAT scores needed high school dropouts, 454
of Manhattan, 812 driven, 305–306, 684 to qualify to play sports, importance of degree or profes-
marijuana use, 120 home to school, 959 175–176 sional certificate beyond
marriage to horizon, 542, 872 credit or hours, 10, 12 high school, 22
married-couple households, intensity of television ­signal at a discretionary spending by karate class cost, 165
320 distance, 620–621 students, 139, 289–291 math instructor hours worked
married persons “very happy” light amount at, 625 faculty salaries, average, 421 and number of
with their ­marriages, Los Angeles to Reno to full-time equivalent faculty, students, 914
­percentages of, ­Albuquerque to Los 104–105 math tutor charges, 909–911
254, 305 Angeles, 959 grade point average and median income and level
median age at first marriage, to moon, 625 ­acceptance, 21 of, 598
598 number line use, 76 interest rates for subsidized notebook cost, 820
percentage of Americans who reaction and braking, 413 student loans, 44 number of students in algebra
are married, 343, 363–364 rise in elevator over time, 66 law school applicants, 502 class, 11
xxii    Index of Applications
education (continued) number of U.S. employees who average price per barrel of crude Gold’s Gym® payment
nursing degrees awarded, manufacture aerospace oil and total fuel cost for options, 366
110–111 products and parts, 298 airline industry, 23 graduation party, 599
public school per-student office space per worker, 228 BP oil disaster, 625 Harry Potter series, number
expenditures, 307 osteopathic doctors who are consumption by propane-gas of pages in books of,
salaries women, percentages of, barbecue grill, 174 22–23
average starting salary for em- 320, 695 electric cars, 56 high school reunion, 812–813
ployees with bachelor’s paid vacation days and electricity generated by nuclear karate class cost, 165
degree, 25 holidays, 585 power, 55 legal capacity of a club, 10
public school teachers, ­average percentage of Americans who electricity generated from natural lottery winnings, 63, 931
of, 251 are confident they will gas, 366 magazine subscriptions, 22
years of education and, 54 retire ahead of their fuel consumption of 3000-TEU marijuana use, 120
school photos, 838 schedule, 185 ship, 816 movie attendance, 502, 696
student debt, households with percentage of American workers fuel efficiencies of domestic and movie box office sales and­
outstanding, 510, 531, 596 by age, 452 imported cars, 364 ­revenue, 500, 748, 814
student loans, 320 percentage of people working at gas mileage of car, 50, 54–55, 66, movie ticket price, average, 86
teacher’s years of age 65 or older, 586 137, 615 new scripted TV shows aired
experience, 720 salary gasoline consumed after filling online, 502
time student prepares for exam, 11 annual, 11 tank, 82 Nintendo handheld games, 138
tutoring costs, 76, 177 author earnings from book gasoline consumption and Nintendo net sales, 632
electricity agent, 213 ­distance traveled, 846 novels owned, number of, 139
all-electric cars registered in average for NHL hockey gasoline consumption and time paid vacation days and
United Kingdom, ­number player, 227 traveled, 139 holidays, 585
of, 662 average of professors at public gasoline taxes, 305–306, 684 party boat charter, 599, 611
battery-electric vehicle sales, 661 colleges and universities, power from windmill, 437 party costs, 813
current and resistance, 834 299–300 released by earthquakes, 701–702 percentage of adults who ­exercise
electric cars, 56 average starting salary for em- solar capacity, 509 and percentage of adults
light amount at a distance, 625 ployees with bachelor’s solar installations, 588, 599 who are obese, 229
from natural gas, 366 degree, 25 wind energy capacities in the percentage of children ages 5-18
from nuclear power, 55 average U.S. hourly pay, United States, 297 participating in organized
plug-in electric cars registered in 23–24 entertainment, leisure, and physical activity, 10
United Kingdom, number bonuses, 58–59, 60–61 ­recreation. See also ­music; percentages of Americans who
of, 662 CEO pay at tech sports; television vacation by month, 587
electronics companies, 901 amusement park ride-related podcast listeners, 508
annual revenue of U.S. college faculty, average, 421 injuries, 49–50 recreational vessels, numbers of
­electronics and appliance Congressional pay, 112–113 annual revenues from music, 759 registered, 532
stores compared to rare hourly wages of Caucasians arts-and-crafts fair, 138 Sea World attendance, 251
earth mining, 36 and African Americans, Atlantic City casino revenues, skier/snowboarder visits to U.S.
circuits, 799 average, 450 921–922 slopes, number of, 173
iPad® sales, 10 hours worked and money auditorium/theater seating ski rental packages, prices of
Samsung’s and LG ­Electronic’s earned, 63, 66, 302–303, and revenue, 370–371, demo, 295, 304
global market share 822, 833 378–379, 381, 397, 399, ski trip, 66, 812
of LCDTV ­shipments, 413 of Joe Mauer, 56 454, 927 slot machines, 939
Xbox One S console, time minimum wage workers, 173 author earnings from book agent, social network gaming and
needed to purchase, 228 number of years worked 213 ­mobile games, revenue
elevation and, 21, 34, 57, 134–135, average time American adult from, 246–247
boiling points of water, 47, 169, 137–138, 912–914, 919, spends daily with digital sound levels and hearing loss, 718
680–681 921, 923, 927 media, 293 ticket sales, 251, 746
change from Dead Sea to part-time work by students, 34 bachelor’s degrees in parks, vacation days used, 507
Mt. Everest, 92 public school teachers, 251 recreation, leisure, and video-game-title releases,
change from Death Valley to savings deposit and, 210 fitness studies, 366 551–552
Denali, 92 total earnings, 923, 925, beach house rental, 760–761 walking/running speed, 180
height of Golden Gate Bridge 931–932, 937–938 bicycles Walt Disney World ticket
towers, 89 yearly raises, 228, 914, 919, 927, cyclists younger than 20 hit by prices, 744
employment. See also business 931–932, 937–938 motor vehicles, 401 wooden roller coasters, 308
board member compensation, years of education and, 54 manufacturing, 846 World Series of Poker prize
854, 889 September long-term jobless rental, 139, 822 money, 718
commute time to work, average rates, 596 riders, number of, 113 Xbox One S console, time
U.S., 293 traditional benefit plans offered sales, 111 needed to purchase, 228
computer use on the job, 591–592 by companies, 113 specialty stores, numbers of, environment. See also global
employee contribution ­required unemployment rates, 122, 309 583–584 warming
to cover family in union workers, 10, 228 tire pressure, 139 BP oil disaster, 625
employer-sponsored union workers in manufacturing, boats and accessories, annual Chernobyl nuclear accident,
health plan, 160 percentages of, 612–613 revenues from, 570–571 654–655
female boss over male boss, per- vacation days used, 507 box office gross from movie clarity of Lake Tahoe, 587, 600
centage of workers who volunteer firefighter deaths while theaters, 54 deaths from lightning, 665
prefer, 308 on duty, 175 Broadway-based movie musicals, earthquakes, 701–703, 856
hours worked, 9–10 waiter’s tips, 213 revenue of, 20 fires, number of, 227
money earned and, 63, 66, 198 women ages 16 and over who cable TV cost, 821 herbicide use and number of bee
in week, 11 work, percentage of, contest winnings, 933 colonies, 177
math instructor hours worked, 914 516–517 drive-in movie sites, number leaves on a tree, 742–743
number of employees, 64, 139 workers saving for retirement, of, 174 lightning and thunder
number of GM and Ford percentages of, 506 e-books, revenues from, 695 ­relationship, 834
­employees, 451–452 working from home, 2 e-sports, prize money from, 675, number of Americans affected by
number of nuns in United energy. See also automobiles; ­motor 736 plastic-bag bans, 113
States, 184 vehicles fireworks, height of, 528 numbers of space debris, 57
 Index of Applications    xxiii
ozone levels and temperature, bread loaves, price of, 66 Supplemental Nutrition United States, 324,
722–723 butterfat in 2% milk, 381 ­Assistance Program, 601–602, 838
Pacific albacore tuna weight and carbohydrates and calories for number of people in, worldwide, 448
mercury ­contamination, pizzas, 45–46 113, 759 Global Climate Change
294 casual restaurants, revenues takeout food, percentages of ­Initiative, 115–116
snow melt, 844 from, 937 Americans ordering more Kyoto Protocol, 115–116, 322–323
timber harvest, 718 cereal, U.S. revenue from, 186 by age, 24 population and, 322–324
tsunami, 856, 899 cheese consumption, average tea temperature, 737 government. See politics and
wind speed, 855–856 ­per-person annual, 228 vending machines, 675–676 ­government
worldwide cost of natural cheese sales, 807–808 vendor charges for hamburgers
­disasters, 213 Chef Boyardee Mini Ravioli®, and hot dogs, H
fat in, 821 369–370 health. See also food and nutrition;
F chicken, annual consumption of, waiter’s tips, 213 insurance; medicine
finance and banking. See also eco- 342, 363, 412–413, 455, 845 water consumption, 844 breast cancer diagnosis, risk
nomics; investment; taxes coffee temperature, 737 weight before and after diet, 84 of, 586
account value over time, 437 cooking times of a turkey, 186 Weight Watcher subscribers, 113 calcium loss in weightless
annual expenditures, American’s cooling of a potato, 22 ­environment, 718
average, 531–532 cost of eating out, 812 G cancer cases, number of
ATM fees, 243 craft beer breweries, numbers of, games. See entertainment, leisure, new, 213
average life span of 12, 586 and recreation cholesterol, percentages of adults
­denominations of bills, 23 dividing pizza into slices, 66–67, garden ever diagnosed with high,
bank failures, number of, 662 68, 71, 72, 74 area of, 65, 245, 528–530, 532 581–582
bike rental, 139, 822 Five Guys hamburgers, 120 border width, 497–498, 501 cigarette smoking by high school
board member compensation, french fries consumption, 682 dimensions, 252, 378, 496, 501, students, 367
854, 889 graduation party dinner, 599 528–530, 532 community health center
changes in number of clients groceries, spending on, 821 fencing around, 245, 252, ­organizations, 846
for financial planner, herbal dietary supplements, 528–530, 532 deaths
90–91 revenue from, 309 geometry from adverse reactions to
checking account balance, 3, 9, 33, Hormel Turkey Chili with Beans, circle, area of, 837 drugs, 253
66, 81–82, 83–84, 122, 184 sodium in, 846 floor area of a classroom, from AIDS, 58, 90
cost of buying pens, 22 hot dogs, 59, 60–61 22, 237 cremation of bodies, 695–696
credit card balance, 79, 84, 100, Irish Whiskey sales, 940 height of water in a cylinder, from heart disease, 452
101–102, 105, Krispy Kreme revenues, 412 52, 603 infant mortality rate, 714–715
119–120, 122 meat consumption, 342, 363, knot number and rope length from lightning, 665
credit scores, 696 412–413, 767, 845 relationship, 325–326 from malaria, 505
debit card purchases, 228 milk consumption, 364, 815 polygon perimeter, 238, from motor vehicle crash,
debt lowering, 79 milk yield of cow in United 244, 251 160–161, 401
exchange of money, 79 Kingdom, 770 rectangle, 11, 54, 56, 497–498 from opioid overdose, 173
income Nutrisystem® weight-loss pro- area, 2, 11, 65, 75, 244–245, radiation sickness, 654
annual household, 813 gram, 366 528–530, 532–533, 599, speeding male drivers in fatal
cable television viewership orange production in United 609, 872 crashes, 612
and, 896–897 States, 247 diagonal length, 542, 959 of volunteer firefighters, 175
education and median income, organic foods, revenue from, 367 dimensions, 252, 378, 397, diabetes, percentages of
598 peach, number of bacteria on, 496, 501, 505–506, 509, ­Americans diagnosed
median household, 95–96 652–653, 718 528–530, 532–533, 599, with, 295, 307, 683
median sales prices of ­existing pizza, cost per person for, 76 609, 959 disability payments to
homes and, 95–96 pizza prices, 836 golden, 368–369, 378 veterans, 735
remaining after mortgage and pizza weight and diameter, 437 ISO paper-size system, 872 exercise, 229
food expense, 75 Post Grape-Nuts Flakes®, sugar length, 252, 378 farm injuries, 161
tax on, 682 in, 821 perimeter, 11, 75, 119, 121, 238, flu epidemic, 660
voting percentages by ­income potassium in cereal, 770 241–242, 244–245, 247, 252, flu shots, 865
group, 892 prices of hot dogs and soft drinks 368–369, 378 Gold’s Gym® payment
interest from bank account, 246 at MLB stadiums, 45 vertices, 25 ­options, 366
interest rates for subsidized recipe square, 151 half-life of substances in
student loans, 44 beef stroganoff, 104 thickness of folded paper, 739 ­bloodstream, 662, 772
lottery winnings, 931 chicken cacciatore, 844 trapezoid, area of, 245 head sizes and brain weights, 367
overdraft fees, 169–170 roasted red-pepper pasta, 104 vertices, 25, 151 health insurance
person’s saving at various red meat, annual consumption of, volume average cost for single-­person
years, 287 342, 363, 412–413, 845 of cylinder, 437 coverage, 56–57, 531
savings account balance, 174, restaurants, annual revenues of rectangular box, 245, 437 employee contribution
252–252 of, 494 of sphere, 834 required to cover family
savings deposits and weekly pay, revenue from gluten-free unit conversions, 770 in employer-sponsored
210 ­products, 138 global warming. See also health plan, 160
spending on Father’s Day, 174, shopping trips to grocery stores, ­environment maximum income level to
185 average weekly number average surface temperature qualify for NY Child
student debt, households with of, 295, 304 of Earth, 51, 115, Health Plus program, 174
outstanding, 510, snacking, percentage of people 179–180, 322 Mississippi Children’s Health
531, 596 who say they try to avoid, carbon emissions Insurance Program
student loans, 320 247 amount Earth can withstand income limits, 308
value of unused gift cards, 140 soda (soft drink) consumption, each year, 448 percentages of Americans
food and nutrition. See also 340, 364 burning fossil fuels, 115, 322 without, 56–57, 531
­agriculture; health Sparkling Ice and Diet Pepsi, China, 601–602 hearing loss and sound
baking time for brownie market shares of, 367 developed and developing levels, 718
mix, 138 sports drink consumption, 12 countries, 392–393 heart attack risk, 664
bottled water, consumption of, Starbucks stores, number of, per-person, 322–324, 393, 448, heart rates and lactate
340, 451, 569–570 251, 663 601–602 ­concentration, 666
xxiv
xxiv    Index of Applications
health (continued) of person in inches, 11 death sentences and executions infant mortality rate, 714–715
ideal weight of men with ­medium rate of change in ti plant per year, 398–399 medical identity theft, 600
frame, 397 height, 173 FBI background checks for osteopathic doctors who are
life expectancy, 19, 295–296, ratio of One World Trade Center ­firearms purchases, 742 women, percentages of,
304–305, 337–338, 360, to John Hancock fraud complaints by consumers, 320, 695
390, 902 Tower, 104 674 overdose deaths from opioids, 173
marijuana use, 120 reached by a ladder, 959 gun seizures by New York ­Police percentages of adults ever
memory impairment in seniors, of stacked cups, 174, 935 Department, 250 diagnosed with high
720–721 of stone thrown, 531, 571 inmates younger than 18 in state cholesterol, 581–582
national spending on, 743 of tennis ball tossed, 596 prisons, number of, 293 psychiatric patients, number
nursing degrees awarded, thickness of folded paper, 739 marijuana legalization, of available beds for,
110–111 of thrown ball, 448, 501, 602–603 ­percentages of ­American’s 744–745
obesity unit conversions, 767, 769 who favor, 532 radiation
percentage of Americans who of water in a cylinder, 52, 603 police officers who are women, for fracture detection, 722
are, 56, 519 571 therapy, 662, 722, 793, 834
percentage of obese adults and I prisoners and releases from revenue from ADHD drugs, 54
percentage of adults who insurance prison, 803 spending on prescription
exercise, 229 health prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, 656 drugs, 228
osteopathic doctors who are average cost for single-­person sexual-harassment charges filed, military. See also law and law
women, percentages of, coverage, 56–57, 531 number of, 294 enforcement; politics and
320, 695 employee contribution length. See also geometry government
percentage of American adults required to cover family diagonal of television annual defense spending, 22
who smoke, 292, 300–301 in employer-sponsored screen, 542 defense spending for various
percentage of Americans saying health plan, 160 of 1974 Fender® Jazz Bass®, 767 years, 518
they would like to lose maximum income level to knot number and rope length disability payments to
weight, 173, 288–289 qualify for NY Child relationship, 325–326 veterans, 735
picture warnings on cigarette Health Plus of shadow, 325–326 nuclear bomb tests, 104
packages, 113 program, 174 of skis, 390–391 prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, 656
polio cases, 719 Mississippi Children’s Health of striped bass, 294 miscellaneous
pregnancy rates for American Insurance Program weight of mako sharks by, 517 average release times for balloon
Women, 519 income limits, 308 inflated with a single
psychiatric patients, number percentages of Americans M breath, 180–181
of available beds for, without, 56–57, 531 mathematics emptying of glass cleaner bottle,
744–745 life insurance translating from English into 914
spending for non-smoking college mathematics, 62, 63, 81, fires, number of, 227
on health care, average faculty, 664 110 terrorist attacks in United States,
­per-person, 662 quarterly rates, 722 translating from mathematics 113
life expectancy and, 902 Internet. See computers and into English, 62 motor vehicles. See also
on prescription drugs, 228 Internet media and news. See also ­television ­automobiles; energy;
target heart-rate zone, 387–388 investment. See also economics; average number of magazine transportation and travel
thyroid cancer treatment, 662 finance and banking subscriptions sold, 22 accidents
tuberculosis cases, 747 default on bonds, 499–500 average time American adult by age group, 24
wearable devices, percentages of Dow Jones Industrial Average spends daily with digital crash deaths, 160–161, 401, 612
Americans who use, 47 closing value, 891–892 media, 293 force of car impact, 821
Weight Watcher subscribers, 113 interest, 372–375, 667 cable TV cost, 821 at highway-railroad ­
height annual, 373–375, 379–382, 397, newspapers crossings, 46
age and, 21, 837 399, 508 circulations, 365 speeding and, 612
apparent of car garage, 836 compounded annually, 437, number of daily, 814 average annual lost time due to
of baseball hit upward, 22, 653, 661, 667, 673, 713, 717, percentages of Americans who traffic congestion, 12
495, 501, 505, 531, 571, 723, 742 buy, 532 bicyclists younger than 20 hit
609–610, 837 total, 373–375, 379–382, 397, percentages of Americans who by, 401
of basketball hoop, 767 399, 508, 612 get their news every day braking distance, 542, 834, 856
of basketball teams in 2014 draft, online trading sites, 747 from newspapers, 610 delivery truck, 393
178 retirement saving, 506 spending by advertisers on diesel-powered light-vehicle
bounce stock values, 85 online newspaper ads and sales, 899
of golf ball, 324, 823–824, after bad publicity, 139 print newspaper ads, 366 drivers who admit to running red
826, 831 change over time, 34, 35, 136, percentages of Americans who lights, 586
maximum height, 934–935 227, 298, 661 get their news every day gasoline consumed after filling
of racquetball, 826, 835–836 collecting data, 116 from the Internet, 610 tank, 82
of rubber ball, 921 current values and changes in revenues of CNN and Fox News gasoline taxes, 305–306, 684
of tennis ball, 826 values, 93 Channel, 939–940 leases, 915
of cliff, 834 daily change in Microsoft, 121 trust in mass media, 320–321 light vehicle sales, 293–294, 899
distance to horizon and, 542 of Martha Stewart Living medicine. See also health new supply of used for sale,
falling time of dropped objects, Omnimedia, 227 acne, 399 547–548
872, 900 number of shares and total breast cancer diagnosis, risk of, number of GM and Ford
of fireworks shell launch, 528 value, 65 586 employees, 451–452
of Golden Gate Bridge towers, 89 percent change in, 117, 122 community health center reaction and breaking
grass heights on golf putting ­organizations, 846 distances, 413
surfaces, 76 L deaths from adverse reactions to Rent-A-Wreck® truck rental, 397
growth of a child, 63 law and law enforcement. See also drugs, 253 speeding male drivers in fatal
of hanging cable, 737 crime; military diabetes, percentages of crashes, 612
median for boys by age, 908 apprehension of undocumented ­Americans diagnosed temperature rise in enclosed, 855
nerve conduction and, 834 migrants, 921, 933 with, 295, 307, 683 truck rental, 298, 397, 746
of objects and their shadow cost per inmate in New York city EpiPen list prices, 586 vehicle problems, average
length, 325–326 prisons, 418–420 flu shots, 865 ­number of, 499
Other documents randomly have
different content
supreme effort, he managed to wriggle off his boot, which was left
in the warder’s hand, and the convict fell on the stepboard of the
carriage, from which he bounded upon the ends of the sleepers.
The train was still travelling very rapidly. The communication cord
having failed to work until a gentleman in the next compartment,
hearing a noise, and suspecting something was wrong, managed to
pull the rope, and the warders had the satisfaction of hearing the
deep “boom” of the gong.
The train slackened speed and the warders got out and ran back
up the line for nearly a mile, where they found Peace lying as he had
fallen, having evidently received injuries sufficient to prevent his
getting away.
He was conscious, however, and gave the warders a smile of
satisfaction as they came up to him. They found him in the act of
trying to wriggle the handcuffs off his wrists.
Blood was flowing from a wound in his head. They picked him up,
and, as the slow train which arrives at Sheffield at 9.20 a.m. was
coming up, they signalled it to stop. The convict was put into the
guard’s van, where for the rest of the journey the warders kept a
sharp look-out.
He asked to be wrapped up in a rug, as it was a very cold
morning, exclaiming, “Oh, my head!—​oh, my poor head!” precisely
the same observation he made when he was brought to Greenwich
Police-station, after his encounter with Police-constable Robinson,
the morning he was caught.
On his arrival at Sheffield, an immense crowd awaited the train,
but Peace was promptly seized by four officers, conveyed to the van,
and was soon at the Police-office, where he looked a piteous
spectacle.
As he was lifted out of the vehicle and removed inside the police-
station he appeared in a very exhausted condition, but after a little
time he spoke a few words to the warders and took a pretty stiff
dose of brandy, which was administered to him by medical orders.

PEACE’S EFFORT TO ESCAPE.

Various versions were very readily afloat after the express had
reached Sheffield as to how this daring convict had succeeded in
eluding his custodians, but they were all more or less wide of the
mark.
Through the courtesy of the chief constable, we are able to give
the following authentic particulars of this last and most astounding
feat of this remarkable man.
It appears that when the warders brought Peace from Pentonville
on the previous week he was exceedingly troublesome throughout
the whole journey, and wanted to leave the train whenever it
stopped; and indeed when it was travelling.
At Peterborough he was allowed to get out, and the warders had
considerable difficulty in getting him back into the train.
The chief warder adopted a plan of his own on the present
occasion, and he provided himself with a number of little bags, and
whenever Peace required it one of them was handed to him, and
was afterwards thrown out of the window.
From the moment of their leaving Pentonville he appeared to set
himself deliberately to work to annoy and irritate and vex the officers
to the utmost of his power.
And no one unacquainted with him can form any conception of
his matchless powers in that direction.
Having been in prison so many times, he is as well acquainted
with the rules which guide the warders as they are themselves; and
any infringement of those rules on their part he would quickly detect
and make a noise about.
 His set purpose seemed to be to provoke them to a breach of the
rules, and to serve him as he too richly deserved to be served.
He behaved more like a beast than a human being, until the
carriage became almost unbearable.
The train had passed Worksop, and a part of the country was
reached which Peace knew too well. All the way down on this, as in
his previous journey, he had been adopting the most ingenious and
cunning devices to put the warders off their guard, but without
success.
Now was his last chance of eluding them, and if he could but
escape from the carriage, he could follow, perhaps, well
remembered “cuts,” steal into Darnall or some other place of refuge,
and, profiting by past experience, be no more discovered.
The train was whirling along at express speed; but what of that?
To such a man to regain freedom was worth a supreme effort—​
though he died in the attempt. He had used several of the bags
referred to on the journey, and he asked for another.
The chief warder gave him one, and he stood up with his face to
the window to use it, the under warder being close behind him. The
window was dropped for him to throw it out, and quick almost as
lightning Peace took a flying leap through the window.
The under warder sprang forward and caught him by the left foot.
There he held him suspended head downwards; Peace kicking the
warder with his right foot, and struggling with all his might to get
free.
The chief warder—​unable to render his colleague any assistance
in holding Peace, inasmuch as he occupied the whole space of the
window—​hastened to the other side of the carriage and pulled at the
communication cord, to alarm the driver and secure the stoppage of
the train.
 The cord would not act, and some gentlemen who were in the
next compartment, seeing the position of affairs, assisted in the
efforts of the warder to stop the train.
All this time a most desperate struggle was going on between
Peace and the warder. Peace, whose vitality seemed to be
unbounded, was struggling with all his might, quite reckless of the
consequences of falling headlong on the rails, or of being caught in
the train and dashed to pieces. The warder held on to him like grim
death; determined not to let go of him, but unable to secure a firmer
grip of his prisoner.
The passengers all down the train had had their attention
arrested by what was going on, and were craning their necks out of
the windows, astonished at the spectacle which met their gaze.
The train, it is stated, ran a distance of nearly two miles whilst
this exciting scene was being enacted; and then Peace succeeded in
kicking off his left shoe, which remained in the warder’s hand; and
he fell with all the force of his own weight and the impelling motion
of the train.
In his fall his head struck the footboard of the carriage, and he
rolled over into the six-foot between the up and down lines.
The train ran on about a mile further before it could be stopped,
and then the warders and others jumped out and ran back along the
line in pursuit of their prisoner.
They found him in the six-foot, near to where he had fallen,
insensible, and blood flowing from a wound in his head.
They assisted him up, and the down slow train, which was due
shortly after, was stopped, and he was lifted into the guard’s van.
In a few minutes he recovered so much consciousness as to say,
“I am cold; cover me up.” Rugs were placed upon him, and in a little
while he arrived in Sheffield.
 NARRATIVES BY EYE-WITNESSES.
Mr. W. Barlow, fruiterer, of Retford, who attends Sheffield market,
was a passenger on Wednesday morning by the fast train by which
Peace was travelling.
Between Shireoaks and Kineton Park he heard a noise, and
looking out of the window saw one of warders with a shoe in his
hand. The train was stopped as soon as possible, but it had run
nearly two miles before it came to a stand, and was brought up near
the malt-kiln at Kineton Park.
The two warders and Mr. Barlow at once got out and ran back
along the line, and when they neared the spot where Peace made
his plunge they found him lying insensible on the line.
He appeared much hurt, but when he was moved to the side of
the road consciousness returned, and he begged them to cover him
up as he was very cold.
Shortly afterwards a slow train came up, and this was stopped.
Peace was put into the van and brought on to Sheffield.
It seems that the escape was managed in this way. As the train
was flying on at full speed Peace induced the warder to allow him to
open the window.
No sooner was this done than the convict flung himself head first
through the opening. The warder seized him by the leg, and held on
for some time, but the prisoner struggled so violently that his shoe
came off in the warder’s hand, and the wretched man fell upon the
line.
One of the first persons who reached Peace after his desperate
leap was a blacksmith, named William Stephenson, who is at present
working at Kineton Park.
He says:—​About a quarter to nine o’clock I was standing close to
Kineton-park station, when the fast train from London came slowly
into the station. Almost everybody was at the carriage windows, and
some were craning their necks out, and looking back up the line. We
asked what was the matter, and they shouted excitedly “Peace has
escaped; he has jumped out of the train.”
We knew all about Peace at Kineton Park, and there was a
general rush from the platform up the line after the warders, whom
we could see just ahead of us.
The guard said they had just stopped for the warders to get out,
and we rushed on.
We came up to the warders as they got to Peace, who was lying
by the side of the up line about a mile from Kineton-park station in
the direction of Shireoaks.
At that point the line runs almost on a level with the surrounding
country.
Peace appears to have jumped out of the window on the right
hand side of the train, and when the slipping off of his boot released
him from the grasp of the officer he fell in the six foot between the
up and down metals.
The velocity he received from the motion of the train then rolled
him over, and he must have fallen where we found him, or have
crawled off the metals of the up line.
He was lying on his back, and was to all appearance unconscious.
Blood flowed freely from a large gash over his right ear, and he
did not speak.
Just then a slow train came up from Shireoaks for Sheffield, and
that was stopped. We lifted Peace into the guard’s van, and laid him
on the floor.
He did not say anything about his attempt to escape, but merely
said that he was cold, and asked for a rug to be put over him. He
was brought to Sheffield.
The people in the train were wonderfully excited, and had seen
the struggle from their carriage windows.
After Peace’s arrest frequent references were made to the large
black rimmed spectacles which he had worn with so much
ostentation for the purpose of concealing his identity.
Indeed, they had played almost as conspicuous a part in his case
as a certain pair of elegant gold-framed spectacles did when their
owner was under the searching cross-examination of a gentleman
who on Wednesday occupied a seat on the bench.
Precious as the spectacles of Mr. Peace are to him, they have
narrowly escaped destruction. After he had been picked up on the
line on Wednesday morning, and taken on to Sheffield, two men
named George Hewitt and Wm. Turner walked down the metals to
see what could be seen.
Peace had fallen at a place called Harrycroft, between Brancliffe
siding and the canal siding, near to Kineton Park; and when the men
reached the place and were looking round they saw lying on the line
Peace’s spectacles. They handed them over to the station-master at
Kineton Park.
The warders had evidently been too much occupied with their re-
capture of Peace to notice that he had lost his spectacles, or to think
about them.
Probably there never was more excitement caused by the
expected arrival of an individual who had gained notoriety, through
whatever source it might be, than was manifested at the Victoria
Station on Wednesday.
Notwithstanding the bitter cold, a concourse of perhaps some
thousand persons of all ages and both sexes assembled in the
square opposite the court, intent on seeing Peace if possible, and
though a large body of police, under the charge of Inspector Bird,
did their utmost to keep the crowd from gaining ingress to the
platform, the station was crowded.
It was generally believed that Peace would be removed from his
cell to Pentonville, and brought down by what is known as the
newspaper train, leaving King’s Cross at 5.15, and due in Sheffield at
8.58.
When the train steamed into the station some twelve minutes late
the crowd had increased very considerably.
Those outside commenced shouting and yelling in a most excited
manner, and the utmost confusion prevailed.
The prisoners’ van, which was awaiting to convey Peace and the
warders, was drawn up opposite the large hall door. The train being
brought to a standstill, a surprising announcement was made by the
guard.
“Peace has jumped out!” cried that official; and to see the
amazement that came over the countenances of Inspector Bird and
his men were at once painful and amusing in the extreme.
The affair was for the moment treated by the crowd as a hoax,
and meant as a “blind” in order to get the platform cleared; but
when, instead of Peace, a sword, a bag, and a rug belonging to one
of his warders were handed over by the guard to Inspector Bird, it
was generally believed that Peace had really escaped, and that the
warders were on his track.
It was rumoured at the station that Peace had escaped through
the railway carriage window, just after passing through Welwyn, and
that he was once more at large.
Passing from mouth to mouth, this version of the story soon
spread far and wide. Several of the more knowing, however, would
have it that Peace had been taken out of the train at Darnall, and
would be from there quietly conveyed in a cab to Sheffield.
 Many lingered on the platform, however, in order to satisfy
themselves of his non-arrival, for they seemed to entertain the idea
that it was probable he had been secreted in one of the carriages till
the course was clear for his conveyance from the train into the van.
But when the latter was driven away without its expected charge,
and the police returned to the Town Hall, the crowd commenced to
disperse, and by and by the station assumed its normal appearance.
Peace was carried to the first cell to the right of the stairs on the
second landing. Under ordinary circumstances a police cell is not the
most luxuriously furnished room in the world; but the Sheffield
police cells have the advantages of ample space, light, and warmth.
The “furniture” in each cell consists of a wooden bench, and that
answers all the purposes of a bed, a chair, a sofa, and so forth. On
this bed the convict was laid, rugs were rolled up for his pillow and a
heap of rugs was thrown over him.
Mr. Harrison, who was a witness in the case, was at the court,
and he was asked to see Peace, but he manifested a decided
reluctance to do so; and, indeed, said he would as soon attend upon
—​well, somebody else, as he would see Peace.
Dr. Spowart, Police-Surgeon of the Walkley Division, and Mr.
Hallam of the Central Division, were promptly in attendance, and
they found that he was suffering from a severe scalp wound in the
head and concussion of the brain; and he appeared in a very
exhausted state.
He vomited freely, and it was with some difficulty that stimulants
could be administered to him. His wound was carefully dressed; he
was laid on the cell bed and covered with rugs. There were some
officers present who were dubious as to the extent of the injuries he
had sustained, and believed that he was up to his old cunning and
shamming a bit.
 When at intervals a little brandy was given to him, he was lifted
up and the bottle placed to his lips. He ground his teeth, clenched
his fists, and appeared to be struggling in a fit.
He was laid on the bench, and force was about to be used to
make him take the stimulant, when one who knew him well said,
very sternly, “Now, Charley, it’s no use. Let’s have none of your
hankey pankey tricks here. You’ll have to take it.”
Charley recognised the voice; opened his eyes, and replied, “All
right: give me a minute.”
A knowing wink passed amongst the officers, and presently he sat
up and took the brandy. Afterwards he took stimulants when offered
to him; and he even went so far as to express a preference for
whiskey over brandy.
After being thus attended to, he would immediately lie down and
curl himself up under his rugs, scarcely leaving even his little grey
head visible.
Mr. Hallam visited him at frequent intervals during the afternoon
and evening, and on each occasion he found him steadily improving.
The vomiting had long ceased; he took stimulants and food
readily, and was indeed going on “as well as could be expected.”
When Mr. Hallam saw him late at night, he said he should not
come down again unless he was sent for.
I was infected for once by the common curiosity, and instead of
waiting patiently to read your report of the final hearing before the
magistrates, of the charge of murder against Peace, I betook myself
to the Town Hall in good time, in the hope that, if I should escape
being squeezed as flat as a red herring in the process of effecting an
entrance, I might see the noted prisoner, and admire the tact with
which my friend, Mr. W. E. Clegg, would cross-examine Mrs. Dyson.
 It soon appeared that I was out in my calculations. I gather from
your second edition that this morning “the early birds did not catch
the worm,” though they did receive the next best thing, the shock of
a surprise.
“Peace has escaped” was the cry. I had made up my mind to the
disappointment of my expectations, and supposed I should hear in
an hour or two that the mangled body of Peace had been picked up
on the line, or that the prisoner, maimed and battered, had been
found and sent to hospital.
However, I betook myself to the Court to try what was to be
heard and seen. We sometimes hear how hard it is to get together
magistrates enough to do the business. There was no such difficulty
this morning. I should think some of these excellent gentlemen were
there to perform a work of supererogation and score an attendance
that might count in the scale of merit.
And they were in capital time too. For a quarter of an hour
several of them, with sundry non-magisterial friends, were on the
bench.
A few moments before the stroke of ten entered Mr. Welby, the
able, mild, and unpretending stipendiary. On his left was Mr.
Overend, Q.C., whose genial and ruddy countenance seems to defy
the power of years; and on the right was Mr. T. W. Rodgers, with a
patriarchal aspect. The audience was curious and excited.
The Mayor did not put in an appearance, but a fair majority of
aldermen and councillors were present, and had established
themselves in the best places they could get before the doors were
opened to the common public.
Mr. H. E. Watson talked last week of “the governing families of
the town,” but these were, I suppose, the governing men, and as
they serve the public assiduously it was meet that they should have
a sort of priority. A few minutes after ten enters Mr. Pollard, Treasury
solicitor, bland and cheerful, and bowing to the Bench, takes his
seat.
A little later appears the prisoner’s solicitor, Mr. W. E. Clegg, with
no marks of fussiness or anxiety, such as would make a client
nervous, but with the self-contained look, assuring those who were
interested that all the resources of an active, acute, and trained legal
mind were at their service.
Everybody looked and listened. There was the prisoner’s dock
empty. It contained several chairs, with a pitcher of water and a
glass.
The whisper went round that the prison surgeon was in
attendance on Peace, and the speculation was—​Is he in condition to
be brought up? Or, if not, will Mr. Pollard offer the prisoner’s
advocate the opportunity to cross-examine Mrs. Dyson in his client’s
absence?
Everybody expected to see Mr. Pollard rise, state to the Bench
what had happened, and make a suggestion as to the course to be
pursued.
Presently there was a move, and the chief constable made a
private communication to the stipendiary.
Mr. Welby left his seat and went out, followed by Mr. Overend and
Mr. Rogers.
Then Mr. Clegg, and next Mr. Pollard, were called out. For five or
ten minutes there was nothing to do but look round and speculate.
There is but one female in court. How is this? Is female curiosity
defunct? Don’t the ladies want to see Peace and the woman whose
name has been so unhappily mixed up with his, and who may be
regarded as one of his victims?
No doubt they do. Never was female curiosity more lively, and this
morning there were many early breakfasts, and there was a decided
resolution, to be in time.
Soon after nine o’clock, quite a bevy of ladies had made their way
into the police offices, never doubting that their potent claims would
carry them into the court, and secure them the gratification they
longed for.
It was a painful duty for the chief constable to make the ladies
aware that the examination of the day was likely to take a very
delicate turn indeed—​so delicate that the presiding magistrate would
have to point out to any ladies who might be present the propriety
of retiring.
I will not undertake to say that there were not applicants who
could have run the risks of all this, but the case was to put to the
group so plainly as to induce them all to retire.
But, as I have said, there was one woman in court and the
whisper went round “That is Mrs. Dyson.”
“Is that lady a widow? I should not have guessed it,” was the
remark. Certainly she was out of mourning.
I have the pleasure to remark that the lady appears quite to have
recovered the shock of her bereavement of two years ago, and that
her two voyages across the Atlantic with her sojourn there, seem,
judging from her rosy visage, quite to have restored her spirits and
established her health.
With every desire to be as complimentary as possible, and to
paint female charms with the liveliest colours, I cannot borrow the
imaginative language of a pretended interviewer of New York, who
has soared into the realms of fiction to find Mrs. Dyson’s version of
her husband’s murder, and to discover the grounds surrounding his
mansion, and the servants who were brought to the spot by the
screams of their horrified mistress.
The Bannercross cottage is capable of development when seen
through a New York telescope. The American interviewer enlists the
sympathies and stirs up the credulity of his readers at the outset, by
saying Mrs. Dyson is “a young and extremely handsome lady.”
One does not want gratuitously to take the edge off so very
pleasant a compliment. But if the said interviewer had seen, instead
of imagining, Mrs. Dyson, I fancy he would have given us a guess at
her weight in pounds—​for that is a common ingredient in an
American description—​and if he had been a good judge, he would
have put the figure pretty high.
However, I may satisfy your readers by saying Mrs. Dyson is
buxom and blooming; and when Mr. Dyson’s heart was pierced by
her youthful charms he no doubt showed himself a good judge of
female beauty.
It was remarked last week that when she was examined for the
prosecution, she wore a veil, and Peace remarking that she kissed
the book without raising her veil, insisted that she should take the
oath “without a veil between” her lips and the calfskin binding.
To-day she had provided against such an objection, and had
discarded the veil, her headgear being a hat with a feather, jauntily
set on.
As I am not a milliner, and only saw her sitting, I cannot tell you
anything about the rest of her dress, but that her general
appearance was stylish and cheerful, and it did not appear that the
prospect of being put through the small sieve by Mr. W. E. Clegg had
alarmed her—​certainly it had not blanched her cheeks.
Well, but while I have been noting Mrs. Dyson and the less
notable persons, the magistrates and advocates have concluded
their consultation out of court. They resume their places, and then
Mr. Welby makes the brief announcement that ends all questions for
the day.
A very large proportion of the public were glad to hear that
Charles Peace had recovered very satisfactorily from the injuries he
had received.
As previously stated, he first refused to take any stimulants, and
only seemed to desire to be left alone curled up under a heap of
rugs.
Later in the day he revived a good deal; took stimulants freely,
and when Mr. Hallam, surgeon, saw him late at night, he found him
so much improved that he expressed his intention not to come down
again unless sent for.
The necessity did not arise for Mr. Hallam to be again called in.
Peace continued to improve during the night, and on Thursday
morning, when the surgeon saw him again, he was much better.
Peace spent a very restless night.
He tossed about a good deal, and his conduct was altogether so
marked as not to escape attention.
The two warders who brought him from London had never both
left him since they picked him up on the railway on Wednesday.
One of them sat close by Peace’s side throughout the whole night
watching his every movement, and not for an instant having his gaze
averted from his now more than ever remarkable and distinguished
prisoner.
At intervals Peace, as already stated, tossed about a good deal,
and then he became quiet, and apparently dropped into a sound
slumber.
Presently the watchful eye of the warder has seen him peep
stealthily up from under his rugs, evidently to ascertain whether he
might risk any move without being watched.
Of course there was not the slightest chance of his escaping from
the cells; but if opportunity offered he might make an attempt upon
his life. He frequently took stimulants—​brandy and milk; and when
Mr. Hallam saw him on Thursday morning he found him very much
better, and ordered him tea and bread and butter.
When asked “What sort of a night he had had?” by one of the
officers, he replied in that hypocritically whining tone which he knew
so well how to simulate, “Not very good. I can’t sleep.”
He remained lying down under a good supply of rugs, and
although hitherto extremely talkative and effusive in his efforts to
recognise all who approached him, he now said but little, even when
roused to take stimulants.
On Thursday night two members of the borough force were told
off to assist the warders in their care of the convict. Two lamps were
placed in his cell in such positions as to throw their light full on his
face; and near him sat one of the warders and the two policemen.
The second warder rested on a “shake-down” in the corridor
while the first kept his watch, and at intervals they changed.
On Thursday night, Peace was reported to be much better, and he
asked for soup and other stimulants, which were supplied to him.
Peace’s career continued to be one series of surprises, not the
least astonishing of which came to light on the morning after his
attempted escape. His object in jumping from the train appears to
have been not so much to escape as to destroy himself.
He was often heard to express a strong desire to be buried at
Darnall. It was there, it will be remembered, that he occupied a little
villa residence standing in its own grounds, and the garden attached
to which he cultivated with so much care; it was there he unhappily
made the acquaintance of the Dysons, and became so offensive in
his friendship that they had to leave the village to escape from him;
it is there his married daughter lives; it was there his wife was
arrested on a charge of being in possession of goods the proceeds of
his burglaries; and to Darnall she returned immediately after her
acquittal on the charge at Newgate.
 These and perhaps many other associations appear to have
endeared the place to him. It is also a remarkable fact that the spot
selected by Peace at which to make his daring leap from the carriage
was, measured by the rate at which an express train travels, within a
very short distance of Darnall Church.
At first it was supposed that the only and real purpose in his mind
in endeavouring to give his custodians the slip there was that—​
hoping to escape unhurt—​he knew the country well, and could take
short cuts across the fields and find safe and friendly shelter at
Darnall. His object, however, appears not to have been to regain his
freedom, but to destroy himself.
On Thursday morning, Mr. W. E. Clegg, visited the convict in his
cell, for the purpose of receiving instructions from him as to his
defence, and before he left Peace drew from his pocket a scrap of
crumpled paper, and handed it to him.
As it was contrary to the rules of the Pentonville establishment
that a prisoner should have any letter or anything of the kind upon
him, the warders asked that the paper might be handed over to
them. The note was written in pencil, and read as follows:—
“Bury me at Darnall. Good-bye. God bless you all. C. Peace.”
It appears that when a Pentonville convict has a letter sent to
him, it is opened and read by one of the officials, and if there is
nothing in it objectionable it is initialled and passed on to him.
The scrap of paper upon which Peace had written, and which he
had kept treasured up in his pocket, was part of a letter which had
been so handed over to him. Where he got the pencil from to write
the note, and when he wrote it, is unknown.
From its contents it would certainly appear that his deliberate
object in springing through the window when the train was going at
express speed was to destroy himself; and, bad beyond description
as he is, he seems to have possessed sufficient human feeling to
desire that his remains might lie amongst those whom he had
known in life.
At intervals during Thursday morning he seemed to suffer much
mental distress, and exclaimed with great intensity of feeling, “I do
wish I was dead!”
In the face of all these facts the warders, it may be readily
imagined, redoubled their already vigilant watch over him, and his
slightest movement did not pass unobserved.
Peace’s escape from instant death when he leaped out of the
railway carriage window was a matter of surprise to everybody. His
custodians never expected to see him alive after his fall.
 CHAPTER CLVI.

OUTSIDE THE POLICE-COURT—​

EXTRAORDINARY SCENES.

As was generally expected, there was a most exciting and most

unusual scene outside the police-court on the morning appointed for
the examination.
On Friday comparatively few people knew that Peace was to be
brought before the magistrates, but almost as soon as it was opened
the court was crowded to its utmost capacity, the approaches were
lined with excited people eager to gain but a glance at the prisoner
or Mrs. Dyson, and in the hall on the ground floor were several
hundred people who were unable to get upstairs.
Outside a mob surged to and fro, obstructing the traffic in Castle-
street, and several free fights occurred between people whose only
object seemed to be to get nearer the Town Hall door without the
faintest hope of getting in.
This was the state of things when it was not generally known that
the proeedings of the Police-court presented a feature of unusual
attraction.
But when it had been announced by the stipendiary, and
announced in the papers, and was known by everybody, that the
prisoner had been “remanded until Wednesday morning at ten
o’clock,” and that Mrs. Dyson was to be cross-examined, it was
generally anticipated that a crowd such as had never before been
attracted to the Police-court would besiege the building. Some fears
were entertained even that serious results might follow from the
immense crush when the doors were opened and everybody in the
large crowd made an almost superhuman individual effort to occupy
one of the small number of places set apart for the gratification of
the public.
The Chief Constable accordingly took every precaution to guard
against the rash and ill-judged violence of an excited crowd.
A large staff of police-officers were marshalled in front of the
Town Hall, their instructions being to keep the crowd moving as long
as possible.
They found on arriving that they had been forestalled by the
public, who had already assembled to the number of about 200, and
were being rapidly reinforced.
Some of the people who were there had, it is said, taken up their
positions as early as five o’clock, and verily they looked it. The cold,
raw air had exercised to the full its nipping influence upon them.
Their faces were pallid, with just a dash of blue in the lips, and a
dab of carnation on the tip of the nose. Their shoulders were raised
almost to their ears, and their coats drawn carefully round their
throats.
They shivered occasionally in a most complete and
uncompromising manner, but there was even in that shiver an
expressed determination to stand their ground to see Peace, even
though an insidious fox, in the form of a biting wind, were gnawing
to their very vitals.
The unmistakeable meaning conveyed in the shiver was echoed in
the ceaseless stamp of feet upon the pavement, as the people
endeavoured by that means to keep up something like circulation in
their benumbed extremities. There could be no doubt of their
intentions.
They had come to see Peace, and they would see him however
much they suffered.
But waiting was very monotonous work, and despite the
excitement of the occasion, the time passed slowly and wearily
along.
The individuals who composed the crowd must have been those
“with whom time ambles withal,” for the minutes dragged
themselves along in the style supposed to be appropriated to “linked
sweetness,” and each succeeding minute seemed to be longer drawn
out than its predecessor.
The crowd was not large enough to get up any enthusiasm, and it
was not until towards eight o’clock that anything like life and fun
were observable.
Then the new arrivals were frequent and numerous, and what
had been the fringe of the crowd became a compact mass.
Castle-street, near the Town Hall, was crammed full of people,
and now that it was evident that the whole of them could not get in,
an excited and determined struggle for places began and was
carried on with vigour up to the time when it was known that their
labours had been in vain.
It was an intensely and essentially selfish crowd, and its
composition was a medley of a motley character.
Nearly all classes of society were represented in that mass of
people, and one extraordinary feature was the immense number of
women amongst them.
Men, women, and children were huddled together as closely as it
was possible for human beings to be packed.
 They were crushed and crushed and crushed again until almost
all the compressibility contained in their individual bodies had been
utilised, and they were contorted into angular portions of humanity,
all of whose sides geometrically corresponded with the sides of other
portions of humanity presented to them.
Thus it may be imagined that space was economised at the
expense of comfort, but that was a trifling consideration.
The people had come to see Peace.
Comfort was a secondary matter—​away with it! So they grinned—​
those of them who had room to do so—​and bore the discomfort
good humouredly so long as they did not lose a point in the struggle
towards the door.
Those immediately round the door were, of course, the early
risers.
They were, without exception, people in the lower classes of
society. Boys, who might fairly be classed as gamins, with a
neglected look and a suspicious air of having been out all night, had
taken up front positions, and, having become jammed in by the
crowd, were unable to get out, though there was not the slightest
probability that the police would let them into the court.
Many of the men were dressed in their working clothes, whilst
some of the women had only shawls thrown over their heads.
Further back in the crowd other classes were represented.
Not a few silk hats were observable, dotted about here and there,
amid the sober shoal of less demonstrative round felts, and one of
the former dodged about in a most amusing manner, as its owner
made the most heroic but unsuccessful attempts to defend a fair
companion who wore a beautiful sealskin jacket.
There was also a good sprinkling of young men, who would
perhaps be looked upon as “swells” by the lower classes, but these
young gentlemen did not show any of their distinguishing
characteristics, and kept quiet.
As nine o’clock approached the people began to be excited, and
their ebullitions of feeling found vent in a series of rushes which
produced a swaying, surging movement on the part of the crowd.
This placed in jeopardy the situation of some of the people who
had secured what they thought to be good chances of getting in,
and they fought manfully to retain any advantage they might have
gained.
Their struggles, however, against the surging of the crowd were
puerile and utterly inoperative, and their vehement protestations
against the injustice of the dispensation was laughed to scorn.
As a natural sequence curses and blasphemy took the place of
protestations, but these were alike ineffective, and everybody
seemed to devote his attention to swindling everyone in front of him
of his position. The slightest rent in the crowd caused by a rush
called forth numerous claimants, and angry passions were allowed to
rise, without stint in the breasts of those who allowed their chances
to pass.
Women as well as men struggled to the front, and as they
asserted their rights courtesy retired. Place aux dames was an
obsolete idea. The women placed themselves on the same level as
the men, and demanding the rights extended to men, received
courtesy in the same ratio.
Judging by the looks of some of them they did not enjoy the
working of the principle, and they would have been only too glad to
sink their rights for a little comfort and convenience.
It was a case of every man for himself, and the hindermost, who
were supposed to be left in the care of the prince of darkness, were
of course the women.
 Nine o’clock struck, and the excitement of the crowd reached
fever heat. It was pretty generally known that Peace was to arrive
about nine, and it was thought the doors now would soon be
opened.
The people on the outside of the crowd saw that it would be
hopeless for them to attempt to get into the court, and in the hope
of seeing something to recompense them for their trouble they
gravitated towards the Castle-green and Water-lane entrances to the
Police-offices.
Those who went to Water-lane had the satisfaction of seeing a
number of gentlemen pass in the portals of the offices, receive a
military salute from the numerous constables posted about the
place, and disappear in the long passage at the top of the steps.
Several other people came up the same way, and some having
the necessary credentials were passed in, and the others rejected
and turned back. One of the funniest scenes of the morning
occurred here, when a fat and self-sufficient landlord, accompanied
by his gaudily-dressed wife, sailed down Water-lane, and with an
important air strutted up the steps, throwing dignified nods at the
police-officers.
His wife waddled after him, and they successfully passed the
gauntlet of police until they came to the steps.
Here they were tackled in an apologetic but firm manner, and
after having been reminded, as they were loth to go, that they were
obstructing the passage, they, were unceremoniously ordered out.
The spectators who assembled in front of the Castle-green
entrance certainly had the best of the day. They were in the very
thick of the excitement. The prison van had gone down Castle-green
to the station, and Peace was momentarily expected.
He would be concealed in the inmost recesses of the van, but
what of that? He would be there. Time sped. It was ten minutes
past nine. The train must be late.
No, there was the jingle of the bells on the harness, and the
heavy rumble of the wheels was heard as the ponderous conveyance
turned out of Bridge-street into the Green. But what—​what is this?
Why does the van come so slowly? Why does everyone seem so
dejected?
Why does not the driver turn his pair cleverly round into the
Parade Ground with a triumphant and defiant crack of the whip?
What does it all mean?—​he can’t have escaped.
The suspense for the moment is fearful, almost agonising, and
then the word is passed, “He has escaped—​jumped out of the train,
going at full speed.”
A few incoherent sentences convey a world of information, and
form the groundwork of numerous rumours. The news spread like
wildfire. The crowd in front of the Town Hall is dazed. The strain is
gone. No longer do they struggle to get the best places. A feeling of
insecurity has come over them.
They think of Peace in the dock as an insignificant old man, but
Peace at liberty is a very different individual.
He is surrounded by an air of villainy with a dark background of
vengeful intrepidity, and his constant companion is a “six-shooter.”
Society feels unsafe, and though an additional lustre has been
imparted to the halo of glorious romance which surrounds his life by
his latest achievement, a universal hope is expressed that he will be
recaptured.
The wildest rumours are floating about as to his mode of escape,
and circumstantial details are not wanting as to his having
overpowered the warders, alighted uninjured, and, plunging into a
wood, eluded pursuit.
 But these surmises are premature. Again the van was brought
out, and driven off to the station. These were anxious moments.
More than half the people declined to believe the rumour that Peace
had escaped.
It was such a likely thing for Peace to attempt, that some one
would be sure to suggest it, and thus start a rumour. On the other
hand, it was so unlikely that a couple of London warders would allow
a little man like Peace to escape, that the majority of the people
assembled would not accept the statement.
However, the bringing out of the van a second time gave a
foundation to the first rumour, especially when it was now expected
that he had been retaken. The van was not long away.
Again the jingle of the bells. The horses came up Castle-green at
a smart pace. Triumph was written on the faces of the local police.
The van turned into the yard of the police-station; with a good
swing, the doors were banged to and locked, and once more Peace
was safe.
Now came another struggle for places, and this was continued
fiercely. Traffic had been resumed, however, and every now and then
the consistency of the crowd was broken in upon by a vulgar cart,
an impertinent hansom, or a blundering ’bus.
The breaches were most trying to the people in the roadway.
They must either sacrifice their positions or be run over. As long as
they could they stuck to their places, but preferring not to be run
over, they relented and ran for it.
Women as well as men were in the way of the conveyances, and
it was most funny to see the terrified faces of the women as, after
being elbowed out of the crowd by men who coolly took their
positions, they suddenly found a horse’s nose within a few inches of
their faces. Flight was the first thing with them. Then when they
were safely out of the way they were frightened, and exhibited a
tendency to screaming and hysteria; and subsequently, when all was
over, they became vaguely, but virtuously, indignant.
Such scenes as these beguiled the minutes which crept slowly by,
until about a quarter-past ten, when it was known that a remand
had been granted. More vague rumours flew about for a few
minutes, and then the chief constable appeared at one of the upper
windows.
Immediately there was a breathless silence, and Mr. Jackson
announced that Peace had been remanded for eight days in
consequence of injuries he had received. He had made an attempt
to escape, but had been recaptured.
A great shout greeted this latter statement, and society once
more breathed.
In spite of the obvious wish of the chief constable that it should
move on as well as breathe, society did not move on, and for hours
hung about the street in the hope of picking up gossip, reliable or
unreliable.
Now and then a wild rumour sent a thrill through the crowd.
Several times Peace had just expired. Others stated that he was so
“smashed that he had to be carried about in a sack.”
Then it was given out that he was very little hurt, and was
“drinking brandy like mad.” And lastly, as might have been expected,
that “he was not hurt at all, but was only shamming.”
Mrs. Dyson, though only a lesser light by the side of Peace, was
somebody, and her apparance was anxiously looked for. But here
again disappointment waited on the unhappy people.
No.
88.
 PEACE IS VISITED BY HIS SOLICITOR.

She got safely away, and the only thing in the way of a sensation
that turned up to gratify the crowd for long waiting was the
appearance of the Pentonville warders.
They had occasion to appear in the Haymarket, and, being
identified by their uniforms, were made the butt of much unpleasant
chaff.
 They were followed about by the people, laughed at, jeered,
ironically cheered, and asked the most pertinent, yet impertinent,
questions.
Eventually they were protected by a strong body of police, and,
amid a discharge of chaff, succeeded in gaining the Police-offices.
After this nothing more happened, and as nothing seemed likely
to happen, first one and then another of the members of the crowd
dropped off, until finally the last man, sighing over the barren results
of all his struggling, scuffling, suffering, &c., cast a furtive eye at the
Police-station, and a perfunctory glance at the now lighted Town Hall
clock, and departed.
 CHAPTER CLVII.

THE EXAMINATION OF CHARLES PEACE UPON

THE CHARGE OF MURDERING MR. DYSON—​
SCENES IN COURT.

Peace remained in a very prostrate condition, and, according to

his own account, he was not fit to make his appearance in a court of
justice. It was deemed, however, expedient to proceed with the
charge.
Mr. Pollard, on Friday morning, put it to the Sheffield stipendiary
whether the “leap for life” which Peace, the burglar, made from the
express train was not inconsistent with his innocence of the crime of
murder.
Mr. Welby suggested that a convict under a life sentence might
have other reasons for the leap than the fear of hanging. No doubt it
was with the convict a case of mixed motives.
Had he been able to escape, even for a few days, a lease of life
for at least six months would have been secured, as his case would
have been kept over till the Leeds Assizes following those which
open next week.
Having been remanded for eight days, the desperado, like many
less deeply interested, believed that his respite had been secured.
Perhaps but for this knowledge the criminal would have played a
deeper game by not getting better so soon.