Q What is defuzzification in fuzzy logic? A; Defuzzification is the process of converting fuzzy output (a range of possible values) into a precise, single value that can be used for decision-making or controlling systems.@ Why is defuzzification necessary in fuzzy logic? A: Defuzzification is necessary because real-world systems (e.g., temperature control, robotics) requite specific, actionable values to function. While fuzzy logic handles uncertainty, defuzzification translates the fuzzy results into a concrete value that can be diractly applied1. Union of Fuzzy Relations R US The union of two fuzzy relations R and S is performed by taking the maximum value of corresponding elements in both relations. RUS = max(Riy, Si;) For each pair (i, 7), we compute: max(0.4,0.1) max(0.2,0.3) max(0.8,0.4) max(1,0.9) max(0.2,0.2) max(0.3,0.3) max(0.5,0.5) max(0.8, 0.8) max(1,1) max(0.5,0.5) max(0.2,0.2) max(0.9, 0.9)Result: 04 03 08 1 RUS=|02 03 05 0.8 1 05 0.2 0.92. Intersection of Fuzzy Relations RM S The intersection of two fuzzy relations R and S is performed by taking the minimum value of corresponding elements in both relations. ROS =min(Ri;, Sj) For each pair (2, 7), we compute: min(0.4,0.1) min(0.2,0.3) min(0.8,0.4) min(1,0.9) min(0.2,0.2) min(0.3,0.3) min(0.5,0.5) min(0.8, 0.8) min(1,1) min(0.5,0.5) min(0.2,0.2) min(0.9, 0.9)ROS= |02 03 0.5 0.8 1 05 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.4 |3. Composition of Fuzzy Relations 400 5 The composition of two fuzzy relations and Sis typically computed using the min-max method (or max-min method). The general formula is: (Ro S)sj = max min(Rix, Say) This means for each 7 and J, you take the maximum of the minimums of corresponding pairs across alll k For example, to compute (io S)11 (Ro S)y, — max(min(0.4, 0.1), min(0.2, 0.2), min(0.8, 1)) You need to repeat this process for each element in the resulting matrix. LY4. Transpose of Fuzzy Relation R” The transpose of a fuzzy relation R is obtained by swapping its rows and columns. For the matrix R, we get5. Difference between Fuzzy Relations R — S The difference between fuzzy relations R and S can be computed using ths max method, where you subtract the minimum value between Rj; and S;; Rij. The formula is: R-S= Ry — min(Ry, 5;;) This operation essentially emphasizes the difference between the two fuzzy relations.Conclusion We performed a set of fuzzy operations on the given relations R and S: Union: Maximum of corresponding values Intersection: Minimum of corresponding values Composition: Max-min operation (requires calculating for each element) Transpose: Swap rows and columns of the matrix Difference: Subtract minimum value from each element in R These operations are fundamental in fuzzy set theory, allowing the combination and manipulation of fuzzy relations to model uncertainty and decision-making processes.What is the Transitive Property? In fuzzy logic, a relation R is transitive if for all elements é, j,k: R(i,j) RG. k) < Rik) This means for any triple (é, j,k), the product of the membership degrees between i and j and between j and k should be less than or equal to the membership degree between i and k. yy NExample Analysis with Given Matri: Let's consider a couple of specific examples to illustrate this concept: Example 1: — 1,7 —2,k —3 This example tests the transitivity between the first, second, and third elements. + R(1,2) = 0.4 (between ‘st and 2nd elements) * R(2,3) — 0.6 (between and and 3rd elements) + R(1,3) = 0.5 (between ist and 3rd elements)We calculate the product and compare: 0.4 -0.6 = 0.24 Now, compare this with R(1, 3): 0.24< 0.5 (true) yy NThe transitivity holds in this case. Example 2:4 = 2,7 =3,k = 1 This example tests the transitivity between the second, third, and first elements + R23) = 0.6 + R31) = 0.5 + REQ) =04 Calculate the product: Compare this with R(2, 1): LCalculate the product: 0.6-0.5=0.3 Compare this with R(2, 1): 0.3<0.4 (true) Again, the transitivity holds. Conclusion: From these examples, we can see that for the combinations checked, R(é, j) - R(j,k) is always less than or equal t~ R(i, k). Therefore, for these cases, the fuzzy relation R satisfies the transitive property.Example 1: Normal Fuzzy Set Let's define a fuzzy set A as follows: A= {(1,0.2), (2,0.7), (3, 1), (4, 0.5)} * The membership values for the elements are {0.2, 0.7, 1, 0.5} * The maximum membership value is 1 (for the element 3). Since the maximum membership value is 1, the fuzzy set A is normal.2. Height of a Fuzzy Set The height of a fuzzy set refers to the maximum membership value of the set. Example 1: Height of Normal Fuzzy Set Let's consider the fuzzy set A from above A= {(1,0.2), (2,07), (8) 1)s (4, 0-5)} + The height of fuzzy set A is the maximum membership value, which is 1 (for element 3) Thus, the height of A is 1Example 1: Bandwidth of Fuzzy Set A for Membership > 0.5 Let's consider the fuzzy set A: A= {(1,0.2), (2, 0.7), (3,1), (4,0.5)} + Membership values: {0.2, 0.7, 1, 0.5}. + We are looking for the bandwidth where the membership value is greater than 0.5. + The elements with membership values greater than 0.5 are: Element 2 with membership 0.7 Element 3 with membership. a‘+ The elements with membership values greater than 0.5 are: + Element 2 with membership 0.7 + Element 3 with membership 1 ‘Thus, the bandwidth of A for membership values greater than 0.5 is:Summary 1. Normal vs Non-Normal Fuzzy Set: + A fuzzy set is normal if the maximum membership value is 1. * A fuzzy set is non-normal if the maximum membership value is less than 1. 2. Height of a Fuzzy Set: + The height is the maximum membership value in the set. 3. Bandwidth of a Fuzzy Set (Membership > 0.5): * The bandwidth refers to the range of elements in the set whose membership values are gre: y, than 0.5. aLet's break it down: 0.7 0.5 ° Re [o3 oa 0.9 0.6 0.2 ° 8 [oo 0.7 O8| For each combination of rows in J and columns in S, we perform the min operation, then max across them. 4. For Ry = [0.7,0.5] and S; = [0.9, 0.1], calculate: min(0.7,0.9) = $7, min(0.5,0-1) = 0.11. For Ry = (0.7, 0.5] and $1 = [0.9, 0.1], calculate: min(0.7,0.9) = 0.7, min(0.5,0.1) = 0.1 So, max(0.7, 0.1) = 0.7. 2. For a = [0.7, 0.5] and So (0.6, 0.7], calculate: min(0.7, 0.6) — 0.6, min(0.5, 0.7) — 0.5 So, max(0.6, 0.5) 0.6. 3. Continue for all other combinations,2. Max-Product Composition of Ro In Max-Product Composition, the membership values for the relation Fo S are calculated as pens (i, 3) = max (Rin - Suz) Where: + Rix is the membership value in relation Fat position Z, k. ‘+ Spy is the membership value in relation S at position ky j + We compute the product for ea air (Ztix, Sty). and then take theCalculation: 1. For Ri — [0.7,0.5] and $1 — [0.9, 0.1], calculate: 0.7 -0.9 = 0.63, 0.5-0.1 = 0.05 So, max(0.63, 0.05) = 0.63. 2. For Ry = [0.7, 0.5] and S2 = [0.6, 0.7], calculate: 0.7 -0.6 = 0.42, 0.5 -0.7 = 0.35 So, max(0.42, 0.35) = 0.42. . Continue for all other combinatic 3. Continue for all oth binatic 1Step 1: Calculate j1z2s (0, 0) (First row, first column) 1. We take row 1 from J and column 1 from = Row 1 of & = [07,05] + Column 1 of $ = (09, 0.1] 2. For each element k, we compute the min value: + min(0.7,0.9) = 0.7 + min(0.5,0.1) — 0.13. Now, we find the max of the minimum values: + max(0.7, 0.1) = 0.7 So, p21 (0, 0) = 0.7.Step 3: Calculate j1z05(0, 2) (First row, third column) 4. We take row 1 from & and column 3 from $: + Row 1 of R= [0.7.05] = Column 3 of S (0.2, 05] 2. For each element &, we compute the min value: + min(0.7,0.2) = 0.2 + min(0.5,0.5) = 0.52. For each element k, we compute the min value: + min(0.7, 0.2) = 0.2 + min(0.5,0.5) — 0.5 3. Now, we find the max of the minimum values: = max(0.2,0.5) — 0.5 So, Hires (0,2) = 0.5.Step 4: Calculate /17255(1, 0) (Second row, first column) 1. We take row 2 from Rand column 1 from S + Row2 of R= (08,04) © Column 1 of $ = 09, 0.1] 2. For each element k, we compute the min value: + min(0.8,0.9) — 0.8 + min(0.4,0.1) = 0.1 3. Now, we find the max of the minimum values: v2. For each element k, we compute the min value: + min(0.8, 0.9) = 0.8 * min(0.4,0.1) = 0.1 3. Now, we find the max of the minimum values: + max(0.8, 0.1) = 0.8 So, fos (1,0) = 0.8.Step 5: Calculate jrpos(1, 1) (Second row, second column) 1. We take row 2 from Rand column 2 from S: = Row 2 of R= (08,04) + Column 2 of $ = (06,07) 2. For each element k, we compute the min value: + min(0.8, 0.6) = 0.6 + min(0.4, 0.7) = 0.43. Now, we find the max of the minimum values: + max(0.6,0.4) = 0.6 So. pue5(1, 1) = 0.6Step 6: Calculate jup-s(1, 2) (Second row, third column) 1. We take row 2 from R and column 3 from S: * Row 2 of R= (08, 0.4] * Column 3 of $ = (0.2, 05] 2. For each element k, we compute the min value: + min(0.8,0.2) = 0.2 + min(0.4,0.5) = 0.43. Now, we find the max of the minimum values: © max(0.2,0.4) =0.4 So, [eros (1,2) = 0.4.(a) Fuzzy Number Definition: A fuzzy number is a class of fuzzy sets that represents a quantity that is not precise but rather described by a range of possible values with associated degrees of membership. A fuzzy number is typically represented as a triangular fuzzy number (TFN) or trapezoidal fuzzy number (THEN), which has a membership function defined over a range of values. For example, in your set: + A=441), B.05)} © B={(5,1), (4,0.5)}The pairs represent the fuzzy numbers, where the first value in each pair is the “ctisp" value and the second is the degree of membership, So, A has a maximum membership at 4 with a value of 1 and a partial membership at 3 with a value of (15, Similarly, 8 has a maximum membership at 5 with a value of 1 and a partial membership at 4 with a value of 0.Fuzzy Number Operations: 1. Addition of Fuzzy Numbers: For two fuzzy numbers A and B, the fuzzy addition is performed by adding the corresponding values of each fuzzy pair. Let's assume A = {(4,1), (3,0.5)} and B = {(5, 1), (4, 0.5)}. Fuzzy Addition: + 445=9 + 344=7 So the fuzzy sum would be: © A+ B={(9,1),(7,0.5)}2. Subtraction of Fuzzy Numbers: Fuzzy subtraction is done by subtracting the crisp values of corresponding pairs, considering the degree of membership. Fuzzy Subtraction: * 4-5=-1 * 3-4=-1 So the fuzzy difference would be: « A-B={(-1,1),(-1,0.5)}3. Multiplication of Fuzzy Numbers: For multiplication, you multiply the corresponding values and retain the degree of membership. Fuzzy Multiplication: © 4x5=20 © 3x4d=12 So the fuzzy product would be: « Ax B={(20,1), (12,0.5)}4. Division of Fuzzy Numbers: Fuzzy division involves dividing the crisp values of the fuzzy numbers. Fuzzy Division: + 4/5=08 * 3/4=0.75 So the fuzzy quotient would be: + A/B ={(0.8, 1), (0.75, 0.5)}Explanation: Each operation is performed based on the individual crisp values while the degrees of membership stay the same. The operations are applied element-wise, meaning that each crisp value in the fuzzy number set is combined according to the operation. For example, in fuzzy addition, we add the crisp values from the two fuzzy numbers, while their membership values stay associated.can explain how fuzzy logic is applied in real-world systems like washing machines or air conditioners, based on your reference to 5(a). Fuzzy Logic in Real-World Systems: Washing Machines and Air Conditioners Fuzzy logic is a mathematical framework used to handle reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. It’s especially useful in situations where binary logic (true or false) is inadequate. In real-world systems, fuzzy logic is often applied to control and decision-making processes, especially in systems that require adaptability, flexibility, and precision in ambiguous or uncertain conditions. Here's how fuzzy logic is applied in washing machines and air conditioners:1. Washing Machines: Washing machines are one of the most common appliances where fuzzy logic is applied. The traditional washing machines usually work based on a fixed set of cycles and timers. However, fuzzy logic enhances the performance by adapting to different conditions, such as load size, dirt level, fabric type, and water temperature.Application in Washing Machines: + Fuzzy Input Variables: * Load size: Small, medium, large Dirt level: Low, medium, high * Water temperature: Cold, warm, hot * Spin speed: Slow, medium, fast © Fuzzy Output Variables: * Washing time: Short, medium, long * Water level: Low, medium, high * Spin speed: Slow, medium, y= Water level: Low, medium, high + Spin speed: Slow, medium, fast Example: + Suppose the washing machine detects that the load size is large, the dirt level is medium, and the water temperature is warm. Using fuzzy logic, the washing machine can determine the optimal washing time, water level, and spin speed by considering these inputs and applying fuzzy rules. For example: + If the load size is large and dirt level is medium, then the washing time should be long. LFor example If the load size is large and dirt level is medium, then the washing time should be long. If the water temperature is warm, the washing time can be reduced since warm water might clean more effectively than cold water. The spin speed might be set to medium to ensure effective water removal without damaging clothes. Fuzzy logic helps in providing a more personalized washing experience, adapting to various input factors and dynamically adjusting the process for optimal results.2. Air Conditioners: Air conditioners (ACs) also utilize fuzzy logic to provide comfort and efficiency. In traditional ACs, temperature and fan speed are set manually, and the cooling process is fixed. However, with fuzzy logic, air conditioners can adapt to changing conditions such as room temperature, humidity, and personal preferences Application in Air Conditioners: + Fuzzy Input Variables: * Room temperature: Cold, cool, moderate, warm, hot + Humidity level Low, mediur high+) Room temperature: Cold, cool, moderate, warm, hot = Humidity level: Low, medium, high + Desired temperature setting: Low, medium, high = Time of day: Mor G. afternoon, evening, night Fuzzy Output Variables: + Compressor speed: Slow, medium, fast + Fan speed: Low, medium, high + Cooling power: Low, medium, highExample: Room temperature: If the room temperature is moderate, the desired temperature is medium, and the humidity is high, fuzzy logic would calculate that the compressor speed should be medium, the fan speed high, and the cooling power should be medium. + If the room temperature is hot and the humidity is also high, the system might increase the compressor speed to fast, adjust fan speed to high and increase cooling power to high for quicker cooling. In the night, the system might lower the fan speed and cooling power to provide quieter operation ar save energy.Conclusion: Fuzzy logic in washing machines and air conditioners makes them smarter, more efficient, and adaptable to real-world conditions. These systems use fuzzy sets to evaluate multiple factors (like dirt level, temperature, or humidity) and adjust their behavior accordingly, ensuring optimal performance and energy use.Fuzzy Lo Controller for Fan Speed: Step 1: Define the Input Variables * Room Temperature (RT): This is an input variable that we'll divide into three fuzzy sets: + Low (L): eg., temperatures below 20°C * Medium (IM): e.g.. temperatures between 20°C and 30°C + High (H): e.g., temperatures above 30°C + Humidity (H): his is another input variable, divided into two fuzzy sets: + Low (L): eg. humidity less than 50% + High (H): e.g., humidity moreXnan 50%Step 2: Define the Output Variable * Fan Speed (FS): This is the output variable that we will adjust based on room temperature and humidity. We'll use three fuzzy sets for fan speed: + Low (L): low fan speed + Medium (M): medium fan speed + High (H): high fan speedStep 3: Define the Fuzzy Rules Now, let's define fuzzy rules based on the temperature and humidity conditions. Here are a few sample fuzzy rules: Rule 1: If Room Temperature is Low and Humidity is Low, then Fan Speed is Low. 2. Rule 2: If Room Temperature is Low and Humidity is High, then Fan Speed is Medium. 3. Rule 3: If Room Temperature is Medium and Humidity is Low, then Fan Speed is Me 4. Rule 4: If Room Temperature is Medium and Humidity is High, then Fan Speed is High. +5. Rule 5: If Room Temperature is High and Humidity is Low, then Fan Speed is High. 6. Rule 6: If Room Temperature is High and Humidity is High, then Fan Speed is High.Step 4: Fuzzy Inference Table Here's how we can represent the fuzzy rules in a Fuzzy Inference Table. This table shows the fan speed (output) based on the inputs (temperature and humidity): Room Temperature \ Humidity Low (L) High (H) Low (L) Low (L) Medium (M) Medium (M) Medium (M) High (H) High (H) High (H) High (H)What is the membership function of fuzzy logic?illustrate with diagram of traingular membership function explain G_ | can explain membership functions in fuzzy logic and illustrate them with the triangular membership function using a description. Membership Function in Fuzzy Log! In fuzzy logic, a membership function (MF) defines how each point in the input space (oF universe of discourse) is mL 2d to. 2 membership value between 0 and 1. The value of 1 means full membership. 0 means no membershio. and valuesMembership Function in Fuzzy Logic: In fuzzy logic, a membership function (MF) defines how each point in the input space (or universe of discourse) is mapped to a membership value between 0 and 1. The value of 1 means full membership, 0 means no membership, and values between 0 and 1 indicate partial membership The membership function essentially models the fuzziness of an input by allowing values to belong to fuzzy sets with degrees of membership rather than crisp boundaries LvTypes of Membership Functions: Some common types of membership functions inch: + Wiangular membership function + Trapezoidal membership function ‘+ Gaussian membership functionTriangular Membership Function: The triangular membership function is one of the simplest and most commonly used in fuzzy logic. It is characterized by a triangle shape, with the peak of the triangle representing the crisp value (where the membership value is 1) and the two sides representing the fuzzy regions (where the membership values gradually decrease to 0).Triangular Membership Function Formula: The triangular membership function («) for a fuzzy set A is defined as: 224 fora wala) = 4 3 tors 0 otherwise Wher + ais the left end of the base of the triangle, + bis the peak point (the center of the triangle), + Gis the right end of the base of the triangle, L + wis the input value.The membership function gradually increases from a to b, peaks at B, and then decreases from b toc Illustration of Triangular Membership Function: Here’s how a triangular membership function would look if we plot itLeft side of the triangle: The membership value starts from 0 at x = a and increases linearly until it reaches 1 at — b. Peak: At z = b, the membership value is at its maximum (1). Right side of the triangle: The membership value decreases linearly from 1 at 2 — buntilit reaches 0 atx = ¢. Explanation: © ais the point where the membership function starts to rise. Bis the point where the membership function reaches its peak (membership = 1). © cis the point where the membership function starts to fall.Lets Consioct a uzey Set fepresenunig ne vemperaute OF g OOM WMH CHE Wiarigutal MeINvEISIIP function: = Low Temperature (L): We could have the following values for triangular membership function: + @ =O (minimum temperature), + = 20 (maximum value for “low” temperature) + © = 40 (where the membership function becomes 0 again). In this caze: Ifthe room temperature is 10°C, the membership value for “Low Temperature” would be between 0 and 1 (since it's closer to 0, but not exactly 0). 1+ IF the room temperature is 20°C, the membership value would be 1 (maximum membership) Ifthe room temperature is 30°C. the membership value would be 0 (since it's outside the range + of low" temperature).Defining the Linguistic Terms: + Low Speed (LS): 0-30 km/h * Medium Speed (Ms): 20-70 km/h ‘+ High Speed (HS): 60-100 km/h The medium speed fuzzy set covers the range from 20 km/h to 70 km/h, but it overlaps with both low and high speed ranges. A triangular membership function is commonly used to represent the medium speed fuzzy set in such cases.Membership Function for Medium Speed: We will create a triangular membership function for "Medium Speed” based on the provided ranges. The membership function will assign a degree of membership between 0 and 1 to any given speed in the range. For Me m Speed, we will define the triangular membership function as follows: ‘* Left point (a): 20 km/h (start of the medium speed range) * Peak point (b): 45 km/h (midpoint where the membership is at its maximum, or 1) * Right point (c): 70 km/h (end of the medium speed range) weMembership Function Formula for Medium Speed: For a fuzzy set jryis (x) that represents “Medium Speed,” we use the triangular membership function formula: if20 <2 < 45 pas (2) = £45 <2 <70 otherwise Where: © a — 20 km/h (start of the range), © b= 45 km/h (the peak where the membership is 1), © © = 70 km/h (end of the range)Urapnical Representauon OF We wemversmp runcuon: The triangular membership function for “Medium Speed” looks like this O Copy code © At x = 20 km/h: The membership value is 0.Explanation of the Membership Function: ‘The membership function gradually increases from 0 to 1 between 20 km/h and 45 km/h. From 45 km/h to 70 km/h, the membership function gradually decreases from 1 to 0. For speeds less than 20 km/h, or greater than 70 km/h, the membership function is 0, meaning these speeds do not belong to the Medium Speed set.Example: Let's consider a few examples to see how the membership function works for different speeds. 1. Speed = 20 km/h: * Using the membership function, for «¢ = 20, the membership value is 0. * This means 20 km/h is at the boundary of "Medium Speed” and belongs to the “Low Speed! fuzzy set. 2. Speed ~ 40 km/h © Using the formula: jag(40) = $=5} = 3 = 0.8. © This means 40 km/h has a membership value of 0.8 in the "Medium Speed” set, indicating it is mostly but not fully a "Medium Speedts mest ut ot rllya"Mecum speca” | Speed = 60 kn Using the formula: pays (60) = BoM = B= 0.4, ‘= Thismeans 60 kam has a membership value of On the "Medium Speed” set is closer to the "High Speed” set bu il partially in the "Medium Speed" set. 4. Speed = 70 km/s “Using the membership function for = 70, the membership value to. ‘+ Thismesns 70 kms atthe boundary of “Medium Speed” and belongs tothe "High Speed” zzy set Conclusion: ‘The Medium speed fuzzy sets represented bya wlangulr membership function where ‘seeds between 20 kh an 70 kmh have varying degrees of membership. ‘The function reaches its peak of Lat 45 kh representing the "most yp” value for medium speed. ‘Speeds below 20 km/h or above 70 km/h have @ membership value cf Oin the “Medium Speed ot “The angular membership funtion low or gra anton betwen zy sts making tConclusion: ‘+ The Medium Speed fuzzy set is represented by a triangular membership function, where speeds between 20 km/h and 70 km/h have varying degrees of membership. The function reaches its peak of 1 at 45 km/h representing the “most typical" value for me speed. ‘* Speeds below 20 km/h or above 70 km/h have a membership value of 0 in the "Medium Speed” set. + The triangular membership function allows for gradual transitions between fuzzy sets, making it suitable for applications that require a smooth handling of varying conditions, such as in fuzzy controllers or decision-making systems.i) Centroid Method (Center of Gravity Method): The formula for defuzzification using the centroid method is: Centroid — e=i() Di H(22) Where: + 12(v;) is the membership degree at point 2;, ¢ jis the crisp value corresponding to j1(2i), © mis the number of elements in the fuzzy set.Step-by-Step Calculation: 1. Numerator: (0.1 - 10) + (0.3 20) + (0.5 - 30) + (0.7 - 40) + (0.9 - 50) = 146415 +28 +45 =95 2. Denominator: 0.1403+05+0.7+0.9 = 2.5 3. Centroid: 2 95 Contre'y = 5> = 380.14 0.3+0.5+0.7+0.9 = 2.5 2. Denominator: 3. Centroid: 95 itroid = ‘Centroi x Conclusion for Centroid Method: The defuzzified value is 38. yy N2. Center of Sum (COS) Method: The Center of Sum (COS) method is another approach to defuzzification, but it uses a different interpretation. Instead of calculating the "balance point" of the area under the curve, it calculates the weighted average of the sum of the crisp values, and this sum is weighted by the membership, degrees. Formula for COS: Where: © is the crisp value, v ‘nis the number of elements in the fuzzy set.‘Step-by-Step Calculation for Cos: 1. Sum of Crisp Values: 10+ 20-480 + 40 +50 = 150 2. Number of Crisp Values: There are 5 crisp values in this case. 3. COS (Defuzzified valuey: cos = #59 — 30 Conclusion for COS: The defuzzified value usi Lhe Center of Sum (COS) method is 20.Weighted Average Metho ‘The formula for the weighted average method is similar to the centroid method: ps zi H(z) fa H(t) Weighted Average = Notice that the weighted average and centroid method use the same formula, so the result is the Step-by-Step Calculation: 1, Numerator: (10 - 0.1) + (20-0.3) + (30 -0.5) + (40 - 0.7) + (50-0.9) = 146+15+28+45~95 v 2. Denominator:2. Denominator: 0.14 0.3 + 0.5 + 0.7 +0.9 = 2.5 3. Weighted Average: Weighted Average = 95 a5 7 38 Conclusion for Weighted Average Method: The defuzzified value is also 38. yy N