DAY 2: Symplectic Model

of Lie Groups
Thermodynamics &
Physics-Informed Neural
Networks (200th Birthday
of Sadi Carnot Book)
« Every mathematician knows that it is
impossible to understand an elementary
F. Barbaresco course in thermodynamics. »
Vladimir Arnold

www.thalesgroup.com
"Les notions d’espace et de symétrie sont si
fondamentales qu’elles sont nécessairement au
centre de toute réflexion scientifique sérieuse" -
Pierre CARTIER (1932-2024)
Lille Carnot 2024

Celebration of 200 years since Sadi

Carnot's Réflexions sur la puissance
motrice du Feu, 1824–2024 & les Carnots
Hosted by History of Physics and Applied
Science & Technologies Team (HOPAST)
at IEMN, France - Patronage by French
Académie des Sciences
Official Website URL:
www.carnotlille2024.com
2
 Ecole Polytechnique: Sadi Carnot’s Legacy

SADI CARNOT'S LEGACY - "CELEBRATING THE 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 2ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS"
When Sadi Carnot published his "Reflections on the motive power of fire" in 1824, there was no sign that one of the greatest
scientific revolutions was about to take place, in a world then dominated by mechanics and optics. Yet, by bringing a conceptual
analysis to the practical problem of the steam engine, Sadi Carnot wrote the birth certificate of thermodynamics, and, in
particular, its second principle.
Today, thermodynamics has branched out into a multitude of fields and applications, from industrial processes to microscopic
systems, and continues to renew our view of science.
Since its origins, thermodynamics has raised as many questions as it has answered.
To celebrate the bicentenary of the "Réflexions", this colloquium aims to bring together members of the thermodynamics
community and to invite them to take a critical look at modern thermodynamics and the open questions it raises. The colloquium
will be structured around pedagogical presentations introducing the various fields of the discipline. Poster sessions will allow
participants to share their work.
https://carnot-legacy.sciencesconf.org/ 3
 From Steam Engine To Quantum Computer Qubits Regulation & TINN
Carnot Equation ROUCHON
Steam Engine Revolution
(Carnot SOURIAU
Diagram)
BALIAN
BRILLOUIN
DUHEM
MASSIEU
Classical Thermodynamics GAY-LUSSAC
CLAPEYRON
CARNOT
FOURIER Quantum Thermodynamics
Computing Informed ML
BIOT
Revolution Revolution
LAVOISIER
PAPIN
PASCAL
Lindblad
Equation
(Metriplectic
Equation)

Quantum & Lie-Groups

4
Thermodynamics
Mathematical Foundations of AI

CATEGORY THEORY
Axiomatization Sets Category & Functor Category Theory Lie Algebra Cohomology
Method Theory Theory & Information Geometry & Information Geometry
(Bourbaki) (Bourbaki) (A. Grothendieck) (Nikolai N. Cencov) (Jean-Louis Koszul)

Foundation of
Mathematics
Lie Groups Machine Learning
& Thermodynamics-Informed NN
& AI SYMPLECTIC & FOLIATION
STRUCTURES
Symplectic Foliations & webs Lie Groups Thermodynamics Metriplectic Flow
Geometry Theory & Information Geometry & Information Geometry
(Jean-Marie Souriau) (C. Ehresmann & G. Reeb) (Jean-Marie Souriau) (THALES)

5
 AI Mathematical Foundations: Symplectic Foliations
Lie Groups & Lie Algebra Information Geometry
Representation Theorry Statistical Manifold, Koszul-Fisher Metric,
Lie Algebra Cohomology, Co- Natural Gradient, Natural Langevin
adjoint Orbits, Cocycle, Quivers Dynamics, Coordinate Free Neural
Network, Hessian Structures, Flat
connexion without torsion
Symplectic Geometry Metriplectic Flow
& Poisson Geometry GENERIC Flow, Poisson Bracket, Metric
Symplectic Manifold associated to Lie Group Flow Bracket, 1st & 2nd Thermodynamics
Co-adjoint Orbit by KKS 2 Form, Moment Principles, Onsager-Casimir Relations,
Map, Souriau’s Maxwell Principle Dissipation, Transverse Foliations of
Entropy and Energy levels sets
Integrable System Calculus of Variations
complete integrability, Liouville Geometrization of Noether Theorem,
integrability, Action-Angles Coordinates, Poincaré-Cartan Integral Invariant,
Symplectic Integrators Euler-Poincaré Equation

Souriau’s Lie Groups

Foliation Theory
Coisotropic Polar, Bifibration,
Thermodynamics
Bifoliation, Transverse Poisson Covariant Gibbs Density, Planck
Structure, Symplectic Foliation, Temperature in Lie Algebra, Heat in
Riemannian Foliation, webs dual Lie Algebra, Entropy as Casimir
function, Souriau-Fisher Metric

6
GEOMETRIC DEFINITION OF ENTROPY

ENTROPY DEFINITION: Entropy is Invariant

Casimir Function on Leaves of Symplectic
Foliation associated to Coadjoint Orbits
generated via Moment Map of Symmetry
Group acting on the System.

S , H   Q   0 *
S
 S 
ad Q    0
 S   S
  Ker    Q,  , Z    

,Z   0 Q  Q 
 Q   Q 
7
 Metriplectic Flow on Symplectic Foliation & Transverse Metric Foliation
Foliation Leaves = Foliation Leaves =
Level Sets of Energy Level Sets of Entropy

METRIC FOLIATION   SYMPLECTIC FOLIATION
1st Principle of 2nd Principle of
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics
Preservation of Energy Entropy Production
 Symplectic Leaf
Level Set of Entropy
METRIPLECTIC FLOW
dF
dF  F , H 
 F , H    F , S  dt

dt Non-dissipative Dissipative
Entropy = Constant Energy = Constant
dF
 F, S 
F , S  0 F : S Entropy Casimir Function for .,. dt
 Metric Leaf
 F , H   0 F : H Energy Casimir Function for .,. Level Set of Energy

Thermodynamics-Informed Neural Networks

2 2
Nbatch net 2 S H
   n 
GT
1 dz dz  deg  L  M
 data
  deg  data  
zn zn
n n n
Nbatch n 0 dt dt 2 2 2

8
symplectic & transverse metric foliatons
DUAL FISHER METRIC Transverse
HESSIAN OF ENTROPY Riemannian
Foliation
DISSIPATIVE
Charles
Reeb’s Foliation EHRESMANN
Theory:
Symplectic
Metriplectic Flow
Foliation,
& Onsager-
Transverse Metric
Casimir Relations
Foliation
Koszul
Information
Baptiste Geometry
Symplectic
COQUINOT Foliation

Souriau’s Lie Groups Georges Henri

Thermodynamics with
Entropy as Casimir REEB
Function

NON-DISSIPATIVE

FISHER METRIC
HESSIAN OF MASSIEU
KKS 2-FORM

Jean-Louis KOSZUL Jean-Marie SOURIAU

9
 Transverse Foliation Structures
•Dazord, P., Molino, P. : - •Sabourin, H. : Quelques
Structures poissonniennes et aspects de la méthode des
feuilletages de Libermann, orbites en théorie de Lie, HDR
Publications du Département spécialité Mathématique,
de Mathématiques de Lyon, Université de Poitiers, 15
fascicule 1B, « Séminaire Décembre 2005
Sud-Rhodanien 1ère partie »,
chapitre II , p. 69-89 (1988)

Libermann Hervé
Foliation Sabourin
and Transverse
Haefliger Poisson
-Structure Structure

Foliation Polar
based on Foliation,
Elie Cartan Bifoliation
Moving and
•Fedida, E. : Sur la théorie des
Frame Bifibration
feuilletages associée au
repère mobile : cas des •Arutyunov, G., Elements of
feuilletages de Lie. Lecture Classical and Quantum
Notes in Mathematics, vol Integrable Systems, Springer,
652. Springer (1978) (2019)

10
 Foliation
Foliation Theory Inventors: Ehresmann & Reeb

 André Haefliger passed away 7th March 2023 : Haefliger, A.: Naissance des feuilletages d’Ehresmann-Reeb à
Novikov. Journal 2(5), 99–110 (2016)
 G. REEB, Sur certaines propriétés topologiques des variétés feuilletées (Thèse), Hermann 1952. supervised by
Charles Ehresmann
 ” Sur une durée de quarante années l’immeuble s’est édifié; des centaines d’ouvriers ont œuvré. L’édifice n’est pas
achevé, mais on peut visiter. Oui, visiter est le mot” - Georges REEB

Charles Ehresmann Georges Henri Reeb Sergei Petrovich Novikov André Haefliger
11
 « Nord-Bassin Parisien » Seminar on « Geometric Structures of Dissipation »
« Nord-Bassin Parisien » Seminar 2020’s ▌ « Sud-Rhodanien » Seminar 1980’s
 Paris-Metz-Valenciennes-Lille-Louvain-Liège- Lyon, Marseille, Montpellier
Bruxelles

« L’oubli et la mémoire sont également inventifs » 12

J. L. Borges, Le Rapport de Brodie
Moment Map Geometry & Libermann Foliation: Condevaux, Dazord, Molino
Séminaire Sud-Rhodanien

13
 C. EHRESMANN, Structures feuilletées,
Proceedings of the Fifth Canadian
1963, naissance des « Structures feuilletées » Mathematical Congress, 109-172., 1963

Structures feuilletées - Grenoble, 25-30 juillet 1963 - Georges Reeb

Auteur(s) : Georges Reeb - Charles Ehresmann - René Thom - Paulette Libermann 14
Editeur : Centre National De La Recherche ScientifiqueCollection : Colloques Int. Du Cnrs, 1964
Transverse Structure of Foliations

15
http://www.numdam.org/item/AST_1984__116_/
Transverse Structure of Foliations

16
Transverse Structure of Foliations

17
RATIONAL
The core of the day is Symplectic Model of Statistical Mechanics introduced by Jean-Marie Souriau,
called “Lie Groups Thermodynamics” and their inter-relations with Koszul Information Geometry and
Machine Learning (Machine Learning on Lie Groups and Thermodynamics-Informed Machine
Learning).
 Raffael Pisano will start by an historical talk celebrating 200 years birthday of Thermodynamics and Sadi Carnot’s book.
 Frédéric Barbaresco will introduce symplectic foliation & transverse Riemannian foliation structures of Souriau’s “Lie Groups
Thermodynamics” and their links with Information Geometry, Metriplectic Flow, and Statistics on Lie Groups.
 Elías Cueto will explain how Metriplectic Flow (GENERIC) is used for TINN (Thermodynamics-Informed Machine Learning).
 Francois Laudenbach will developed and enrich Haefliger structures with transverse geometric structures such as
symplectic/contact structures.
 Noémie Combe will developed (pre)Frobenius statistical symplectic manifolds in relation with Souriau Lie Groups Thermodynamics,
and Koszul-Frobenius domains in Information Geometry.
 Francesco Fasso will introduce the geometric structure of (super)integrable Hamiltonian systems, called isotropic-coisotropic dual
pair, bifoliation, or symplectically complete foliation.
 Eren Mehmet Kiral will conclude with Lie groups in machine learning where the group acts on the parameters of a model, instead of
acting on the data, and by introducing Lie-group Bayesian Learning Rule.

18
DAY 2: Symplectic Model of Lie Groups Thermodynamics & Physics-Informed
Neural Networks (200th Birthday of Sadi Carnot Book)
9:00 - 9:10: Day 2 Workshop Opening
 Frédéric Barbaresco, KTD PCC Sensing Segment Leader, Thales, France

9:10 - 10:00: Celebrating Sadi Carnot's réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu (1824-2024) and
reading Paul de Saint Robert's Principes de thermodynamique (1865; 1868; 1870)
 Raffael Pisano, HOPAST at IEMN, University of Lille, France

10:30 - 11:30: Metripletic flow of Thermodynamics-Informed Neural Networks and Machine

Learning on Lie Group: Symplectic Foliation Model from Carathéodory's seminal idea to Souriau's
Lie Group Thermodynamics
 Frédéric Barbaresco, KTD PCC Sensing Segment Leader, Thales, France

11:30 - 12:30: On the use of thermodynamics biases for learning physical phenomena
 Elías Cueto, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain

12:30 - 14:00: Lunch Break

19
DAY 2: Symplectic Model of Lie Groups Thermodynamics & Physics-Informed
Neural Networks (200th Birthday of Sadi Carnot Book)
14:00 - 15:00: Haefliger structures and Symplectic/contact structures
 Francois Laudenbach, University of Nantes, France

15:00 - 16:00: Koszul-Frobenius domains & Souriau's thermodynamics

 Noémie Combe, University of Warsaw, Poland

16:00 - 17:00: Geometry of integrable Hamiltonian systems

 Francesco Fasso, Università di Padova, Italy

17:00 - 18:00: Lie Group in Learning Distributions

 Eren Mehmet Kiral, Keio University, Japan

20
Celebrating Sadi Carnot's
réflexions sur la puissance motrice
du feu (1824-2024) and reading
Paul de Saint Robert's Principes de
thermodynamique (1865; 1868;
1870)
Raffaele Pisano
HOPAST at IEMN, University of Lille, France

Elected Member of CNRS CNU sect.72

(Epystemology, History of Sciences &
Techniques)

History of Physics-Mathematics

Author of SPRINGER Book “Lazare and Sadi

Carnot – A Scientific &Filial Relationship”

General chair of “CARNOT LILLE 2024”

21