केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

MINIMUM LEARNING LEVEL STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL

CLASS XII

MATHEMATICS

Session: 2024-25

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

REGIONAL OFFICE SILCHAR
 OUR PATRON

Shri P.I.T Raja

Deputy Commissioner, KVS RO Silchar

Shri Satyaveer Singh Shri A. K. Seet

Assistant Commissioner Assistant Commissioner
KVS RO Silchar KVS RO Silchar

Sh. Manoj Kumar, Vice Principal

(Subject Coordinator- Mathematics )
 CHAPTER-1: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Relation:
A relation R defined on a set 𝐴 is any subset of 𝐴 × 𝐴.
Trivial Relations
i) Empty Relation:
A relation 𝑅 in a set 𝐴 is called empty relation, if no element of 𝐴 is related to any element of 𝐴, i.e.,
𝑅 = ∅ ⊂ 𝐴 × 𝐴.
ii) Universal Relation:
A relation 𝑅 in a set 𝐴 is called universal relation, if each element of 𝐴 is related to every element of 𝐴,
i.e., 𝑅 = 𝐴 × 𝐴.
Reflexive Relation:
A relation R defined on set A is said to be reflexive if and only if (𝑎, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅, ∀ 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴.
 Symmetric Relation:
A relation R defined on set A is said to be symmetric if and only if
(𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴.
Transitive Relation:
A relation R defined on set A is said to be transitive if and only if
(𝑎, 𝑏) & (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅 ⟹ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝐴.
Equivalence Relation:
A relation defined on set 𝐴 is said to be equivalence if it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
Equivalence Class of an Element:
Let R be a relation defined on a set 𝐴 is equivalence relation and 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 then equivalence class of 𝑎 is
denoted by [𝑎] and defined as
[𝑎] = {𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 | 𝑎𝑅𝑏 }
Function:
A function from set 𝐴 to set 𝐵 is a relation such that every element of set 𝐴 has unique image in B.
One-One Function (Injective Function):
Definition 1: A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is said to be one-one if and only if 𝒙𝟏 ≠ 𝒙𝟐 ⟹ 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) ≠ 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ).
Definition 2: A function is said to be one-one if 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) ⟹ 𝒙𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐.
Onto Function (Surjective Function):
A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is said to be onto if ∀ 𝒚 ∈ 𝑩, ∃ 𝒙 ∈ 𝑨 such that 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒚.
NOTE: f : X → Y is onto if and only if Range of f = Codomain.
Bijective Function:
A function is said to be bijective function if it is both one-one and onto.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A relation 𝑅 in set 𝐴 = {1,2,3} is defined as 𝑅 = {(1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,3)}. Which of the following
ordered pair in 𝑅 shall be removed to make it an equivalence relation in?
(a) (1,1) (b) (1, 2) (c) (2, 2) (d) (3,3).
2. Let the relation 𝑅 in the set 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}, given 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| is a multiple of 4}. Then
[1], the equivalence class containing 1, is
(a) {1,5,9} (b) {0,1,2,5} (c) 𝜙 (d) 𝐴.
3. 20. The number of functions defined from {1,2,3,4,5} → {𝑎, 𝑏} which are one-one is
(a) 5 (b) (c) (d) 0.
𝑛+1
, if 𝑛 is odd
4. The function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 is defined by 𝑓(𝑛) = {𝑛2 The function 𝑓 is
, if 𝑛 is even
2
(a) bijective (b) one-one but not onto
(c) onto but not one-one (d) neither one-one nor onto.
5. If a relation 𝑅 on the set {1,2,3} be defined by 𝑅 = {(1,2)}, then 𝑅 is
(a) Reflexive (b) Transitive (c) Symmetric (d) None of these.
6. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be finite sets containing 𝑚 and 𝑛 elements respectively. The number of relations that can be
defined from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is
(a) 2𝑚𝑛 (b) 2𝑚+𝑛 (c) 𝑚𝑛 (d) 0.
7. A function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 𝑥 2 is
(a) not one-one (b) one-one (c) not onto (d) neither one-one nor onto.

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements- Assertion (A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions
selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝐴 and 𝑅 are true and 𝑅 is the correct explanation for 𝐴.
(b) Both 𝐴 and 𝑅 are true but 𝑅 is not the correct explanation for 𝐴.
(c) 𝐴 is true but 𝑅 is false.
(d) A is false but 𝑅 is true.

1. Assertion (A) : Let 𝑅 be the relation on the set of integers 𝑍 given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 divides (𝑎 − 𝑏)} is an
equivalence relation.
Reason (R) : A relation 𝑅 in a set 𝐴 is said to be an equivalence relation if 𝑅 is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive.
2. Assertion (A) : Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3} then define a relation on 𝐴 as 𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,1)}, 𝑅 is not transitive relation.
Reason (R) : A relation 𝑅 defined on a non-empty set 𝐴 is said to be transitive relation if (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈
𝑅 ⇒ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅.

Case-based/Data-based Questions

1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.

Students of Grade 9, planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to each other to one side of the
playground ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume that they planted one of the rows of the
saplings along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4. Let 𝐿 be the set of all lines which are parallel on the ground and 𝑅 be a
relation on 𝐿.

(i) Let relation 𝑅 be defined by 𝑅 = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 ‖𝐿2 where 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ∈ 𝐿}. What is the type of relation?
(ii) Let 𝑅 = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 ⊥ 𝐿2 where 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ∈ 𝐿}. What is the type of relation?
(iii) Check whether the function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4 is bijective or not.

OR

Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4. Find the range of 𝑓(𝑥).

Long Answer Questions
1. Show that each of the relation 𝑅 in the set 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}, given by
(i) 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| is a multiple of 4}.
(ii) 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏} is an equivalence relation.
Find the set of all elements related to 1 in each case.
2. Check whether the relation 𝑅 in ℝ defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
3. Let 𝑓: 𝕎 → 𝕎 be defined as

𝑛 − 1, if 𝑛 is odd
𝑓(𝑛) = {
𝑛 + 1, if 𝑛 is even

Show that 𝑓 is one-one and onto. Here, 𝕎 is the set of all whole numbers.

4 4 4𝑥+3
4. Consider 𝑓: ℝ − {− } → ℝ − { } given by 𝑓(𝑥) = . Show that 𝑓 is bijective.
3 3 3𝑥+4
4 4𝑥
5. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 − {− 3} → 𝑅 be a function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥+4. Show that 𝑓 is one-one function. Also, check whether 𝑓
is an onto function or not.
6. A function 𝑓: [−4,4] → [0,4] is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥 2 . Show that 𝑓 is an onto function but not a one-one
function. Further, find all possible values of ' 𝑎 ' for which 𝑓(𝑥) = √7.

7. Show that the relation 𝑅 defined by (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⇔ 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 on the 𝐴 × 𝐴, where 𝐴 = {1,2,3, … ,10} is an
equivalence relation. Hence write the equivalence class of [(3,4)]; 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ 𝐴.
8. Check whether the relation 𝑅 in the set 𝑁 of natural numbers given by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 is divisor of 𝑏} is reflexive, symmetric or transitive. Also determine whether 𝑅 is an equivalence relation.
9. Check if the relation 𝑅 in the set ℝ of real numbers defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 < 𝑏} is (𝑖) symmetric (ii) transitive.

10. Let 𝑅 be a relation on the set of natural numbers 𝑁 as follows:

𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∣ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 41}. Find the domain and range of the relation 𝑅. Also verify whether 𝑅 is
reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
 CHAPTER-2: INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Trigonometric Value Table

Radian 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Measure 6 4 3 2
sin 𝑥 0 1 1 √3 1
2 √2 2
cos 𝑥 1 √3 1 1 0
2 √2 2
tan 𝑥 0 1 1 √3 Not defined
√3
cot 𝑥 Not defined √3 1 1 0
√3
sec 𝑥 1 2 √2 2 Not defined
√3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 Not Defined 2 √2 2 1
√3
 Domain and Range of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

ITF sin−1 𝑥 cos−1 𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 cot −1 𝑥 sec −1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥

Domain [−1,1] [−1,1] 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 − (−1,1) 𝑅 − (−1,1)
Principal Value 𝜋 𝜋 [0, 𝜋] 𝜋 𝜋 (0, 𝜋) 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
[− , ] (− , ) [− , ] − {0} [0, 𝜋] − { }
(Range) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

How to deal negative argument under ITF

Group 1 Group 2
−1 (−𝑥)
1. sin = − sin−1 𝑥 1. cos−1(−𝑥) = 𝜋 − cos −1 𝑥
−1 (−𝑥)
2. tan = − tan−1 𝑥 2. cot −1 (−𝑥) = 𝜋 − cot −1 𝑥
−1 (−𝑥)
3. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 3. sec −1(−𝑥) = 𝜋 − sec −1 𝑥

Multiple Choice Questions

13𝜋
1. The value of sin−1 (cos ) is
5
3𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
(a) − (b) − 10 (c) (d) 10
5 5

𝜋 1
2. sin [ 2 − sin−1 (− 2)] is equal to
1 1
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) -1 (d) 1

3. The value of cot(sin−1 𝑥) is

√1+𝑥 2 𝑥 1 √1−𝑥 2
(a) (b) √1+𝑥 2 (c) 𝑥 (d)
𝑥 𝑥

1
4. The value of the expression 2sec −1 2 + sin−1 (2) is
𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
(a) 6 (b) (c) (d) 1
6 6

5. If tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑦, then
−𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋
(a) −1 < 𝑦 < 1 (b) ≤𝑦≤ (c) <𝑦< (d) 𝑦 ∈ { 2 , 2 }
2 2 2 2

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝐴 and 𝑅 are true and 𝑅 is the correct explanation for 𝐴.
(b) Both 𝐴 and 𝑅 are true but 𝑅 is not the correct explanation for 𝐴.
(c) 𝐴 is true but 𝑅 is false.
(d) 𝐴 is false but 𝑅 is true.

1. Assertion(A) : Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 is [−1,1].

Reason(R) : Domain of a function is the set of all possible values for which function will be defined.
 𝜋
2. Assertion (A) : Principal value of tan−1 (−√3) is − 3 .
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Reason ( 𝐑 ) : tan−1 : ℝ → (− , ) so for any 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, tan−1 (𝑥) represents an angle in (− , ).
2 2 2 2

Case-based/Data-based Questions
1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.

Two men on either side of a temple 30 meters high observe its top at the angles of elevation 𝛼 and 𝛽 respectively. (as
shown in the figure above). The distance between the two men is 40√3 metres and the distance between the first
person A and the temple is 30√3 metres.
(i) Find ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 𝛼 in terms of sin−1.
(ii) Find ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 𝛼 in terms of cos −1.
(iii) (a) Find ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 𝛽 in terms of tan−1 .
(b) Find the domain and range of cos−1 𝑥.

Short Answer Questions:

13𝜋
1. Find the value of sin−1 [sin 7
].
3
2. Write the value of tan−1 [2sin (2cos−1 √2 )].
1 3
3. Evaluate : 3 sin−1 ( 2) + 2 cos −1 (√2 ) + cos −1(0).
√
3𝜋
4. Evaluate: sin−1 (sin 4 ) + cos −1 (cos 𝜋) + tan−1 (1).
cos 𝑥 3𝜋 𝜋
5. Express tan−1 (1−sin 𝑥) , − 2
<𝑥< 2
in the simplest forms.
1
6. Write cot −1 (√𝑥 2−1) , |𝑥| > 1 in simplest form.

7. Find the domain of 𝑦 = sin−1 (𝑥 2 − 4).

 CHAPTER-3: MATRIX

Multiple Choice Questions

1, when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
1. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a square matrix of order 2 such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { , then 𝐴2 is
0, when 𝑖 = 𝑗
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
cos 𝛼 −sin 𝛼
2. If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴 + 𝐴′ = 𝐼, if the value of 𝛼 is
sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
(a) (b) (c) 𝜋 (d)
6 3 2
2𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 2𝑏 4 −3
3. If [ ]=[ ], then value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 + 2𝑑 is
5𝑐 − 𝑑 4𝑐 + 3𝑑 11 24

(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 4 (d) -8

4. Total number of possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 2 or 0 is
(a) 9 (b) 27 (c) 81 (d) 512
5. If for a square matrix 𝐴, 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 + 𝐼 = 0 and 𝐴−1 = 𝑥𝐴 + 𝑦𝐼 then the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 is
(a) -2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) -3
 2 0
6. If [ ] = 𝑃 + 𝑄, where 𝑃 is a symmetric and 𝑄 is a skew symmetric matrix, then 𝑄 is equal to
5 4
2 5/2 0 −5/2 0 5/2 2 −5/2
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
5/2 4 5/2 0 −5/2 0 5/2 4
3 4
7. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 2𝐴 + 𝐵 is a null matrix, then 𝐵 is equal to
5 2
6 8 −6 −8 5 8 −5 −8
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
10 4 −10 −4 10 3 −10 −3

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝐴 and 𝑅 are true and 𝑅 is the correct explanation for 𝐴.
(b) Both 𝐴 and 𝑅 are true but 𝑅 is not the correct explanation for 𝐴.
(c) 𝐴 is true but 𝑅 is false.
(d) 𝐴 is false but 𝑅 is true.

1. Assertion (A): A matrix 𝐴 = [1 2 0] is a row matrix of order 1 × 4.

Reason (R) : A matrix having one row and any number of column is called a row matrix.

2 2
2. Assertion (A) : If [𝑥 −2 4𝑥 𝑥 3 ] = [ −3 1
], then the value of 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥 𝑥 −𝑥 + 2 1

Reason (R): Two matrices 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑛 and 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑛 of same order 𝑚 × 𝑛 are equal, if 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑏𝑖𝑗 for all 𝑖 =
1,2,3, … . 𝑚 and 𝑗 = 1,2,3, … 𝑛.

Case-based/Data-based Questions
1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
A manufacturer produces three stationery products Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener which he sells in two markets. Annual
sales are indicated below

Products (in numbers)

Market
Pencil Eraser Sharpener

A 10,000 2,000 18,000

B 6,000 20,000 8,000

If the unit sale price of Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener are ₹ 2.50 , ₹ 1.50 and ₹ 1.00 respectively, and unit cost of
the above three commodities are ₹ 2.00, ₹1.00 and ₹ 0.50 respectively.
(i) Find the total revenue of market 𝐴.
(ii) Find the total revenue of market 𝐵.

OR

Find the cost incurred in market 𝐴.

(iii) Find the profit in market 𝐴 and 𝐵.

Long Answer Questions

1. If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴, then write the value of 7𝐴 − (𝐼 + 𝐴)3 , where 𝐼 is an identity matrix.
3 9 0 4 0 2
2. If 𝐴 = [1 8 −2] and 𝐵 = [7 1 4], then find the matrix 𝐵′ 𝐴′ .
7 5 4 2 2 6
2 −1
3. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐼 is the identity matrix of order 2 , then show that 𝐴2 = 4𝐴 − 3𝐼. Hence find 𝐴−1 .
−1 2

4. Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrix, and verify your result.
3 −2 −4
[ 3 −2 −5]
−1 1 2

5. A manufacturer produces three products 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 which he sells in two markets. Annual sales are indicated in the
table:

Products
Market
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛

I 10,000 2,000 18,000

II 6,000 20,000 8,000

If unit sale price of 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 are ₹2.50, ₹1.50 and ₹1.00 respectively, then find the total revenue in each market, using
matrices.

6. Let 𝐴 = [ 2 3
] then show that 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 + 7𝐼 = 0. Using this result calculate 𝐴5 .
−1 2
 CHAPTER-4: Determinants

Multiple Choice Questions

2 4 2𝑥 4
1. If | |=| | then the possible value(s) of ' 𝑥 ' is/are
5 1 6 𝑥
(a) 3 (b) √3 (c) −√3 (d) √3, −√3

2. The area of a triangle with vertices (−3,0), (3,0) and (0, 𝑘) is 9 sq. units. The value of 𝑘 will be
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) -9 (d) 6

0 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏
3. If 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 𝑎 0 𝑥 − 𝑐 |, then
𝑥+𝑏 𝑥+𝑐 0
(a) 𝑓(𝑎) = 0 (b) 𝑓(𝑏) = 0 (c) 𝑓(0) = 0 (d) 𝑓(1) = 0
 2 3 2
4. If |𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 | + 3 = 0, then the value of 𝑥 is
4 9 1
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) -1 (d) 1

𝑥 2 3
5. If 𝑥 = −4 is a root of |1 𝑥 1| = 0, then the sum of the other two roots is
3 2 𝑥
(a) 4 (b) -3 (c) 2 (d) 5

6. If 𝐴 is a square matrix of order 3, |𝐴′ | = −3, then |𝐴𝐴′ | =

(a) 9 (b) -9 (c) 3 (d) -3

𝛼 2
7. If 𝐴 = [ ] and |𝐴3 | = 27, then the value of 𝛼 is:
2 𝛼

(a) ±1 (b) ±2 (c) ±√5 (d) ±√7

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two Statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting
the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

1. Assertion (A): Determinant is a number associated with a square matrix.

Reason (R): Determinant is a square matrix.

5−𝑥 𝑥+1
2. Assertion (A): If 𝐴 = [ ], then the matrix 𝐴 is singular if 𝑥 = 3.
2 4

Reason (R): A square matrix is a singular matrix if its determinant is zero.

Case-based/Data-based Questions
1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Three friends Rahul, Ravi and Rakesh went to a vegetable market to purchase vegetable. From a vegetable shop Rahul
purchased 1 kg of each Potato, Onion and Brinjal for a total of ₹ 21 . Ravi purchased 4 kg of potato, 3 kg of onion and 2
kg of Brinjal for ₹ 60 while Rakesh purchased 6 kg potato, 2 kg onion and 3 kg brinjal for ₹70.
(i) If the cost of potato, onion and brinjal, are ₹ 𝑥, ₹ 𝑦 and ₹ 𝑧 per kg respectively, then convert above situation into
system of linear equations
(ii) Convert the above system of linear equations in ( 𝑖 ) in the form of 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵.
(iii) Find 𝐴−1 .

OR

Find the cost of potato, onion and brinjal.

Long Answer Questions

1 2 −3
1. If 𝐴 = [3 2 −2] then find 𝐴−1 and use it to solve the following system of the equations:
2 −1 1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 6
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2

2 −3 5
2. If 𝐴 = [3 2 −4], then find 𝐴−1 . Hence solve the following system of equations:
1 1 −2

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 11,3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −5, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3

5 −1 4
3. 𝐴 = [2 3 5], find 𝐴−1 and use it to solve the following system of equations:
5 −2 6

5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 5
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 2
5𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6𝑧 = −1

3 2
4. If 𝐴 = [ ], then find 𝐴−1 and use it to solve the following system of equations :
5 −7

3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 11,2𝑥 − 7𝑦 = −3

−3 −2 −4 1 2 0
5. If 𝐴 = [ 2 1 2] , 𝐵 = [−2 −1 −2], then find 𝐴𝐵 and use it to solve the following system of equations:
2 1 3 0 −1 1
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2
−2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3

1 2 −2 3 −1 1
6. If 𝐴 = [−1 3 0] and 𝐵−1 = [−15 6 −5], find (𝐴𝐵)−1 .
0 −2 1 5 −2 2
cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 0
7. If 𝐴 = [ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0], find adj 𝐴 and verify that 𝐴(adj𝐴) = (adj𝐴)𝐴 = |𝐴|𝐼3 .
0 0 1
1 −1 2 −2 0 1
8. Use product [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] to solve the system of equations:
3 −2 4 6 1 −2

𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1,2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1,3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 2
 1 −1 2 −2 0 1
9. Use product [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] to solve the system of equations:
3 −2 4 6 1 −2

𝑥 + 3𝑧 = 9, −𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 4,2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = −3.

1 −1 2
10. Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = [0 2 −3]. Using the inverse, 𝐴−1 , solve the system of linear equations
3 −2 4
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1; 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 3.
 CHAPTER-5: Continuity and Differentiability

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The value of 𝑘(𝑘 < 0) for which the function 𝑓 defined as
1 − cos 𝑘𝑥
, 𝑥≠0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥sin 𝑥
1
, 𝑥=0
2

is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 is
1 1
(a) ±1 (b) -1 (c) ± 2 (d) 2
 𝑘cos 𝑥 𝜋
𝜋−2𝑥
if 𝑥 ≠ 2 𝜋
2. If the function 𝑓 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝜋, is continuous at 𝑥 = 2 , then the value of 𝑘 is
3, if 𝑥 = 2
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) -6
3. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = cot 𝑥 is discontinuous on the set
(a) {𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋: 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} (b) {𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋: 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍}
𝜋 𝑛𝜋
(c) {𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) 2 ; 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} (d) {𝑥 = 2
;𝑛 ∈ 𝑍}
𝑥−1
4. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(𝑥2 −1) is discontinuous at
(a) exactly one point (b) exactly two points (c) exactly three points (d) no point

𝑒 3𝑥 −𝑒 −5𝑥
, if 𝑥 ≠ 0
5. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 , is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 for the value of 𝑘, as
𝑘, , if 𝑥 = 0
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 8
𝑥
,𝑥 < 0
6. The point (s), at which the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = {|𝑥| is continuous, is/are
−1, 𝑥 ≥ 0
(a) 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 (b) 𝑥 = 0 (c) 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {0} (d) 𝑥 = −1 and 1
3𝑥 + 5, 𝑥 ≥ 2
7. The value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 is a continuous function, is
𝑘𝑥 , 𝑥<2
11 4 11
(a) − 4 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 4

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two Statements-Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions
selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

1. Assertion (A): If 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎. then 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are separately continuous at
𝑥 = 𝑎.
Reason (R): Any function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎, if limℎ→0 𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) = 𝑓(𝑎).

2. Assertion (A) : If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are two continuous functions such that 𝑓(0) = 3, 𝑔(0) = 2, then
lim𝑥→0 {𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)} = 5.
Reason (R): If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are two continuous functions at 𝑥 = 𝑎 then

lim {𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)} = lim 𝑓(𝑥) + lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Case-based/Data-based Questions
1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
The equation of the path traced by a roller-coaster is given by the polynomial (𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 9) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 −
3). If the roller-coaster crosses 𝑦-axis at a point (0, −1), answer the following:
(i) Find the value of ' 𝑎 '.
(ii) Find 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1.

Long Answer Questions

1. Find the values of 𝑝 and 𝑞, for which
1 − sin3 𝑥 𝜋
, if 𝑥 <
3cos2 𝑥 2
𝜋 𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑝 , if 𝑥 = is continuous at 𝑥 = .
2 2
𝑞(1 − sin 𝑥) 𝜋
, if 𝑥 >
{ (𝜋 − 2𝑥)2 2

2. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − |𝑥| is continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.
3. Find the value of ' 𝑘 ' for which the function 𝑓 defined as
𝜋
𝑘sin (𝑥 + 1), 𝑥≤0
2
𝑓(𝑥) = {tan 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
, 𝑥>0
𝑥3
sin(𝑎+1)𝑥+2sin 𝑥
,𝑥 <0
𝑥
4. If 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0, then find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
1+𝑏𝑥
−1
𝑥, 𝑥 = 0
5. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 3|, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, is continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 3.
6. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of the function

𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + |𝑥 − 1| in the interval (−1,2)

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏, if 𝑥 < 1
Find ' 𝑎 ' and ' 𝑏 ', if the function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = { is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1.
2𝑥 + 1, if 𝑥 ≥ 1

𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
7. If tan−1 (𝑥 ) = log √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥−𝑦.
3𝑥−𝑥 3 1 𝑥
8. Differentiate tan−1 1−3𝑥2 |𝑥| < w.r.t. tan−1 .
√3 √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 (1+log 𝑦) 2
9. If 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑦−𝑥 , then prove that 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑦 .
𝑑𝑦
10. If (cos 𝑥)𝑦 = (cos 𝑦)𝑥 , then find 𝑑𝑥.
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
11. Find the value of 𝑑𝑥 at 𝜃 = 4 , if 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑒 𝜃 (sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃)
and 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝜃 (sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃).
12. Differentiate the following with respect to 𝑥: (sin 𝑥) + (cos 𝑥)sin 𝑥
𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 𝑏
13. If 𝑥 = 𝑎sin 2𝑡(1 + cos 2𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑏cos 2𝑡(1 − cos 2𝑡), then show that = .
𝑑𝑥 at 𝑡=𝜋 𝑎
4
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
14. If √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑦), then show that 𝑑𝑥
= √ 2.
1−𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
15. If 𝑥 = cos 𝑡(3 − 2cos2 𝑡) and 𝑦 = sin 𝑡(3 − 2sin2 𝑡), then find the value of at 𝑡 = .
𝑑𝑥 4
16. Differentiate the following function with respect to 𝑥 :

𝑦 = (sin 𝑥)𝑥 + sin−1 √𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
17. If 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛 , then prove that = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin2 (𝑎+𝑦)
18. If 𝑥sin(𝑎 + 𝑦) + sin 𝑎cos(𝑎 + 𝑦) = 0, then prove that 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑎
.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦log 𝑥
19. If 𝑥 = 𝑒 cos 2𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑒 sin 2𝑡 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑥log 𝑦.
𝑑2𝑦 𝜋
20. If 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 − sin 𝜃), 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − cos 𝜃), 𝑎 > 0, then find 𝑑𝑥 2 at 𝜃 = 3 .
−1 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
21. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎cos , −1 < 𝑥 < 1, then show that (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑎2 𝑦 = 0.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
22. If 𝑥 = 𝑎cos 𝜃 + 𝑏sin 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑎sin 𝜃 − 𝑏cos 𝜃, then show that 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0.
𝜋 𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
23. If 𝑥 = 𝑎(cos 𝑡 + 𝑡sin 𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑎(sin 𝑡 − 𝑡cos 𝑡),0 < 𝑡 < 2 , find 𝑑𝑡 2 , 𝑑𝑡 2 and 𝑑𝑥 2 .
𝑛 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
24. If 𝑦 = (𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥 2 ) then show that (1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛2 𝑦.
25. If 𝑦 = (tan−1 𝑥)2 , show that (𝑥 2 + 1)2 𝑦2 + 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦1 = 2.
CHAPTER-6: APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The interval in which the functions 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 is strictly increasing, is
(a) (−∞, ∞) (b) (−∞, 0) (c) (2, ∞) (d) (0,2)
2. The intervals in which the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 is strictly increasing in
(a) (−∞, 2) ∪ (2, ∞) (b) (2, ∞) (c) (−∞, 2) (d) (−∞, 2] ∪ (2, ∞)
1 𝑥
3. The maximum value of (𝑥) is
1 1/𝑒
(a) 𝑒 (b) 𝑒 𝑒 (c) 𝑒 1/𝑒 (d) (𝑒)
1
4. The maximum value of [𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 1]3 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 is
1 3 1
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) √3

5. A ladder, 5 meter long, standing on a horizontal floor, leans against a vertical wall. If the top of the ladder slides
downwards at the rate of 10 cm/sec, then the rate at which the angle between the floor and the ladder is decreasing
when lower end of ladder is 2 metres from the wall is
1 1
(a) radian/sec (b) radian /sec (c) 20 radian /sec (d) 10radian/sec
10 20

6. The rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius 𝑟 at 𝑟 = 6 cm is
(a) 10𝜋 (b) 12𝜋 (c) 8𝜋 (d) 11𝜋
7. The total revenue in rupees received from the sale of 𝑥 units of a product is given by 𝑅(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 5. The
marginal revenue, when 𝑥 = 15 is
(a) 116 (b) 96 (c) 90 (d) 126

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

1. Assertion (A) : The rate of change of area of a circle with respect to its radius 𝑟 when 𝑟 = 6 cm is 12𝜋 cm2 /cm.
𝑑𝐴
Reason (R) : Rate of change of area of a circle with respect to its radius 𝑟 is 𝑑𝑟 , where 𝐴 is the area of the circle.
2. Assertion (A) : 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 − 𝑥 always increases.
𝑑𝑦
Reason (R) : Any function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is increasing if > 0.
𝑑𝑥

Case-based/Data-based Questions
1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
A tank, as shown in the figure below, formed using a combination of a cylinder and a cone, offers better
drainage as compared to a flat bottomed tank.
A tap is connected to such a tank whose conical part is full of water. Water is dripping out from a tap at the bottom at
the uniform rate of 2 cm3 /s. The semi-vertical angle of the conical tank is 45∘ .
(i) Find the volume of water in the tank in terms of its radius 𝑟.
(ii) Find rate of change of radius at an instant when = 2√2 cm.
(iii) (a) Find the rate at which the wet surface of the conical tank is decreasing at an instant when radius 𝑟 = 2√2 cm.
OR
(iii) (b) Find the rate of change of height ' ℎ ' at an instant when slant height is 4 cm .

Long Answer Questions

1. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of perimeter 36 cm which will sweep out a volume as large as possible, when
revolved about one of its side. Also, find the maximum volume.
2. Show that a right circular cylinder of the given volume open at the top has minimum total surface area, provided its
height is equal to the radius of the base.
3. The volume of a sphere is increasing at the rate of 3 cubic centimeters per second. Find the rate of increase of its
surface area, when the radius is 2 cm.
4. Find the local maxima and local minima, of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋, Also find the local
maximum and local minimum values.
5. Determine the intervals in which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 + 22𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 21 is strictly increasing or strictly
decreasing.
𝑥 𝑥
6. A manufacturer can sell 𝑥 items at a price of ₹ (5 − ) each. The cost price of 𝑥 items is ₹ ( + 500). Find the
100 5
number of items he should sell to earn maximum profit.
7. A wire of length 34 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces is to be made into a square and the other into a
rectangle whose length is twice its breadth. What should be the lengths of the two pieces, so that the combined
area of the square and the rectangle is minimum?
8. Show that the rectangle of maximum perimeter which can be inscribed in a circle of radius 𝑟 is the square of side
𝑟√2.
9. Find all the points of local maxima and local minima of the function
3 45
𝑓(𝑥) = − 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 105
4 2

10. Find the intervals in which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 5 is

(a) strictly increasing
(b) strictly decreasing.
 CHAPTER-7: INTEGRALS

Multiple Choice Questions

3
1. ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 is equal to
1 3 1 4 1 3 1 2
(a) 3 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 (b) 3 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 (c) 2 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 (d) 2 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑒 𝑥 (1+𝑥)
2. ∫ cos2 (𝑥𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 is equal to
𝑥
(a) tan (𝑥𝑒 ) +𝐶 (b) cot(𝑥𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝐶 (c) cot(𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝐶 (d) tan[𝑒 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)] + 𝐶
 3. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 is equal to
(a) 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 (b) 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 (c) −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 (d) −𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
4. ∫ sin2 𝑥cos2 𝑥 is equal to
(a) tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 + 𝐶 (b) (tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥)2 + 𝐶
(c) tan 𝑥 − cot 𝑥 + 𝐶 (d) (tan 𝑥 − cot 𝑥)2 + 𝐶
3𝑒 𝑥 −5𝑒 −𝑥
5. If ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏log|4𝑒 𝑥 + 5𝑒 −𝑥 | + 𝐶 then
4𝑒 𝑥 +5𝑒 −𝑥
−1 7 1 7 −1 −7 1 −7
(a) 𝑎 = 8 ,𝑏 = 8 (b) 𝑎 = 8 , 𝑏 = 8 (c) 𝑎 = 8
,𝑏 = 8
(d) 𝑎 = 8 , 𝑏 = 8
1 |𝑥−2|
6. ∫−1 𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥, 𝑥 ≠ 2 is equal to
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) -2
𝑑𝑥
7. ∫ sin(𝑥−𝑎)sin(𝑥−𝑏)
is equal to
sin(𝑥−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎)
(a) sin(𝑏 − 𝑎)log |sin(𝑥−𝑎)| + 𝐶 (b) cosec(𝑏 − 𝑎)log |sin(𝑥−𝑏)| + 𝐶
sin(𝑥−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎)
(c) cosec(𝑏 − 𝑎)log |sin(𝑥−𝑎)| + 𝐶 (d) sin(𝑏 − 𝑎)log |sin(𝑥−𝑏)| + 𝐶

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

8 √10−𝑥
1. Assertion (A) : ∫2 𝑑𝑥 =3
√𝑥+√10−𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
Reason (R): ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1
2. Assertion(A) : ∫ 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 = tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶, where 𝐶 is an arbitrary constant.

𝑑 1 1
Reason (R) : Since tan−1 𝑥 = ,∴ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2 1+𝑥 2

Long Answer Questions

sin 𝑥−𝑥cos 𝑥
1. Evaluate: ∫ 𝑥(𝑥+sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1
2. Find: ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 4 −1)
𝑑𝑥
𝜋/2
3. Evaluate: ∫0 log(sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋/3 𝑑𝑥
4. Evaluate: ∫𝜋/6 1+√cot 𝑥
𝜋/4 𝑑𝑥
5. Find: ∫0 cos3 𝑥√2sin 2𝑥
.
𝜋
sin2 𝑥
6. Evaluate: ∫02 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥

(𝑎+𝑥)
7. Solve: ∫ √(𝑎−𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
 𝑥+2
8. Evaluate: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6
2𝑥
9. Evaluate: ∫ (𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥 2 +3)
𝑑𝑥
5𝑥+3
10. Evaluate: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10
𝜋 xtan 𝑥
11. Evaluate: ∫ 0 sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
3
12. Evaluate: ∫1 [|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 2| + |𝑥 − 3|]𝑑𝑥
𝜋 xsin 𝑥
13. Evaluate: ∫ 0 1+cos2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝜋
14. Evaluate: ∫ 2
0
[log(sin 𝑥) − log(2 cos 𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
2
15. Evaluate: ∫−1 |𝑥 3 − 𝑥|𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥−𝑎)
16. Evaluate: ∫ sin(𝑥+𝑎)
𝑑𝑥
𝜋
17. Evaluate: ∫ 4
0
log(1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1
18. Find: ∫ cos(𝑥−𝑎) cos(𝑥−𝑏)
𝑑𝑥

19. Find: ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ⋅ sin 2𝑥𝑑𝑥

20. Find: ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)cosec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
 CHAPTER-8: APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRALS

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

1. Assertion (A) : The area of the curve 𝑦 = sin2 𝑥 from 0 to 𝜋 will be more than that of the curve 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 from 0 to
𝜋.
Reason (R): 𝑥 2 > 𝑥, if 𝑥 > 1
2. Assertion (A): The area of the ellipse 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 6 will be more than the area of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 +
4 = 0.
Reason (R): The length of the semi-major axis of ellipse 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 6 is more than the radius of the circle
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 4 = 0.
3. Assertion (A) : Area enclosed by the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36 is equal to 36𝜋 sq.units.
Reason (R) : Area enclosed by the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 is 𝜋𝑟 2 .

1
4. Assertion (A) : Area enclosed by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 in first quadrant is 4 sq. units.

Reason (R) : Area is always the real number.

5. Assertion (A): Area between the curve 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 and the line 𝑥 = 3 is 4√3 sq. units.

Reason (R) : Points of intersection of 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 and the line 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 is obtained by solving equations of
curve and line.

Case-based/Data-based Questions
1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
An architect designs a building whose lift (elevator) is from outside of the building attached to the walls. The floor (base)
of the lift (elevator)) is in semicircular shape.

The floor of the elevator (lift) whose circular edge is given by the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 and the straight edge (line) is
given by the equation 𝑦 = 0.
(i) Find the point of intersection of the circular edge and straight line edge.
(ii) Find the length of each vertical strip of the region bounded by the given curves.
(iii) (a) Find the area of a vertical strip between given circular edge and straight edge.
(b) Find the area of a horizontal strip between given circular strip and straight edge.
OR
(iii) Find the area of the region of the floor of the lift of the building (in square units).

2. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.

A student designs an open air Honeybee nest on the branch of a tree, whose plane figure is parabolic and the branch of
tree is given by a straight line.
(i) Find point of intersection of the parabola and straight line.
(ii) Find the area of each vertical strip.
(iii) (a) Find the length of each horizontal strip of the bounded region.
(b) Find the length of each vertical strip.
OR
2
(iii) Find the area of region bounded by parabola 𝑥 = 4𝑦 and line 𝑦 = 4 (in square units).
Long Answer Questions
1. Find the area bounded by the lines 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 5, 𝑦 = 5 − 𝑥 and 4𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5.
2. Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦 and the straight line 𝑥 = 4𝑦 − 2.
3. Using integration, find the area of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦)}: 9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 36 and 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 6.
4. Find the area of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥}.
3
5. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 2 and the line 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 12 = 0.
6. Using integration, find the area of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, where 𝐴 is (2,3), 𝐵 is (4,7) and 𝐶 is (6,2).
7. Make a rough sketch of the region given below and find its area, using integration:
{(𝑥, 𝑦): 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 2 + 3; 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2𝑥 + 3,0 < 𝑥 ≤ 3}

8. Using integration, find the area of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, whose vertices have coordinates

𝐴(2,0), 𝐵(4,5) and 𝐶(6,3).

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦
9. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse 9
+ 4
= 1 and the line 3 + 2 = 1.
10. Using integration, find the area of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, where 𝐴 is (2,3), 𝐵 is (4,7) and 𝐶 is (6,2)
 CHAPTER-9: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Multiple Choice Questions

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3
1. The degree of the differential equation 𝑥 2 2 = (𝑥 − 𝑦) is
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑2 𝑦
2. The degree of the differential equation 2 + 3 ( ) = 𝑥 2 log ( 2 ) is
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) Not defined
 2
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑2 𝑦
3. The order and degree of differential equation [1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) ] = 𝑑𝑥 2 respectively, are
(a) 1,2 (b) 2,2 (c) 2,1 (d) 4,2
𝑑𝑦
4. The solution of the differential equation 2𝑥 ⋅ − 𝑦 = 3 represents a family of
𝑑𝑥
(a) straight lines (b) circles (c) parabolas (d) ellipses
𝑑𝑦
5. The integrating factor of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥log 𝑥) + 𝑦 = 2log 𝑥 is
(a) 𝑒 𝑥 (b) log 𝑥 (c) log(log 𝑥) (d) 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
6. A solution of the differential equation (𝑑𝑥 ) − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 is
(a) 𝑦 = 2 (b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 (c) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4 (d) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 4
7. Which of the following is not a homogeneous function of 𝑥 and?
𝑦 𝑦
(a) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 (b) 2𝑥 − 𝑦 (c) cos2 (𝑥 ) + 𝑥 (d) sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑦

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two Statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1. Assertion (A): The degree of the differential equation =1+√ is 2 .
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Reason (R): The degree of a differential equation is the degree of the highest order derivative occurring in the equation,
when differential co-efficient are made free from radicals, fractions and it is written as a polynomial in differential
coefficient.

𝑑𝑦
2. Assertion (A): Solution of the differential equation (1 + 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 is
𝑑𝑥

−1 𝑥 −1 𝑥
𝑦𝑒 tan = (tan−1 𝑥 − 1)𝑒 tan +𝐶

𝑑𝑦
Reason (R) : The differential equation of the form 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄, where 𝑃, 𝑄 be the functions of 𝑥 or constant, is a linear
type differential equation.

Long Answer Questions

𝜋
1. Solve the following differential equation, given that 𝑦 = 0, when 𝑥 = 4 :
𝑑𝑦
sin 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

2. Solve the following differential equation:

𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
[𝑦 − 𝑥cos ( )] 𝑑𝑦 + [𝑦cos ( ) − 2𝑥sin ( )] 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −1 𝑥
3. Find the particular solution of the differential equation (1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑒 𝑚tan − 𝑦) given that 𝑦 = 1, when
𝑥 = 0.
4. Find the particular solution of the following differential equation:
 𝑑𝑦
𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 + 2); 𝑦 = −1 when 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥

5. Find the particular solution of the differential equation

𝑑𝑥 𝜋
+ 𝑥cot 𝑦 = 2𝑦 + 𝑦 2 cot 𝑦, (𝑦 ≠ 0) given that 𝑥 = 0 when 𝑦 = .
𝑑𝑦 2

6. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑥(1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0 given that 𝑦 = 1 when
𝑥 = 0.
7. Find the particular solution of the differential equation satisfying the given conditions

𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0; 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 1

8. (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥. If 𝑦(1) = 1 and 𝑦(𝑥0 ) = 𝑒, then find the value of 𝑥0 .

9. Find the particular solution of the differential equation (𝑦 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (tan 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0 satisfying the condition that
𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 0.
𝑑𝑦
10. Solve the differential equation: (𝑥 + 1) − 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)3
𝑑𝑥
 CHAPTER-10: VECTOR ALGEBRA

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The value of the expression |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|2 + (𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗)2 is

(a) 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ (b) |𝑎⃗| ⋅ |𝑏⃗⃗| (c) |𝑎⃗|2 |𝑏⃗⃗|2 (d) (𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ and 𝑂𝐵
2. The area of a triangle formed by vertices 𝑂, 𝐴, 𝐵 where 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −3𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ is
(a) 3√5 sq. units (b) 5√5 sq. units (c) 6√5 sq. units (d) 4 sq. units
3. If 𝜃 is the angle between two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ then 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ ≥ 0 only when [CBSE 2023 (65/4/1)]
𝜋 𝜋
(a) 0 < 𝜃 < 2 (b) 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2 (c) 0 < 𝜃 < 𝜋 (d) 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋

4. If 𝑎⃗ is any non-zero vector, then (𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑖ˆ)𝑖ˆ + (𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑗ˆ)𝑗ˆ + (𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑘ˆ )𝑘ˆ is equal to
(a) 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ (b) 𝑎⃗ (c) 0 (d) none of these
5. The vector of the direction of the vector 𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ that has magnitude 9 is [NCERT Exemplar]
𝑖ˆ−2𝑗ˆ+2𝑘ˆ
(a) 𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ (b) (c) 3(𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ ) (d) 9(𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ )
3

6. The position vector of the point which divides the joining of points 2𝑎⃗ − 3𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ in the ratio 3: 1 is
⃗⃗
3𝑎⃗⃗−2𝑏 ⃗⃗
7𝑎⃗⃗−8𝑏 3𝑎⃗⃗ 5𝑎⃗⃗
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 4
(d) 4

7. The direction cosines of vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐵𝐴, where coordinates of 𝐴 and 𝐵 are (1,2, −1) and (3,4,0) respectively, are
2 2 1 2 2 1
(a) −2, −2, −1 (b) − 3 , − 3 , − 3 (c) 2, 2, 1 (d) 3 , 3 , 3

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two Statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

1 1 −2
1. Assertion (A) : Direction cosines of vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ are , , .
√6 √6 √6
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Reason (R): If vector 𝑟⃗ = 𝑎𝑖ˆ + 𝑏𝑗ˆ + 𝑐𝑘ˆ then its direction ratios are |𝑟⃗| , |𝑟⃗|2 , |𝑟⃗|, where

|𝑟⃗| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2

2. Assertion (A): If (𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗) ⋅ (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) = 0, then 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are perpendicular.
1
Reason (R): The projection of 𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ on 2𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 6𝑘ˆ is − . 7
Long Answer Questions
1. Find a unit vector perpendicular to both of the vectors 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ where 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ.
2. If 𝑝⃗ = 5𝑖ˆ + 𝜆𝑗ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ and 𝑞⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ then find the value of 𝜆, so that 𝑝⃗ + 𝑞⃗ and 𝑝⃗ − 𝑞⃗ are perpendicular
vectors.
3. Let 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 7𝑘ˆ and 𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ. Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗
and 𝑐⃗ ⋅ 𝑑⃗ = 27.
4. For three vectors 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ if 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗ and 𝑎⃗ × 𝑐⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗, then prove that 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ are mutually perpendicular
vectors, |𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑐⃗| and |𝑎⃗| = 1.
5. The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 2𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ and 2𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ. Find the two unit vectors parallel to
its diagonals. Using the diagonal vectors, find the area of the parallelogram.
6. Find the angle between the vectors 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ if 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ, and hence find a
vector perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗.
7. If 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ , 𝑏 = 4𝑖ˆ − 7𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ, find a vector 𝑐⃗ such that 𝑎⃗ × 𝑐⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑐⃗ = 6.
8. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ represent two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, find unit vectors parallel
to the diagonals of the parallelogram.
9. Using vectors, find the area of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 with vertices 𝐴(1,2,3), 𝐵(2, −1,4) and 𝐶(4,5, −1).
10. If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are two vectors, then prove that |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| ≤ |𝑎⃗| + |𝑏⃗⃗|.
11. Find a vector whose magnitude is 3 units and which is perpendicular to the following two vectors: 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ −
4𝑘ˆ ; 𝑏⃗⃗ = 6𝑖ˆ + 5𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ.
 CHAPTER-11: THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, −3,4) on the 𝑦-axis is
(a) (2,3,4) (b) (−2, −3, −4) (c) (0, −3,0) (d) (2,0,4)
2. If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 with the axes respectively, then cos 2𝛼 + cos 2𝛽 + cos 2𝛾 =
(a) -2 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 2
3. Distance of the point (𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾) from 𝑦-axis is
(a) 𝛽 (b) |𝛽| (c) |𝛽| + |𝛾| (d) √𝛼 2 + 𝛾 2
 𝑥−1 1−𝑦 2𝑧−1
4. Direction cosines of the line 2
= 3
= 12 are
2 3 6 2 3 12 2 3 6 2 3 6
(a) , ,
7 7 7
(b) ,− , (c) 7 , − 7 , − 7 (d) 7 , − 7 , 7
√157 √157 √157

5. The angle between the two diagonals of a cube is

1 1
(a) 30∘ (b) 45∘ (c) cos−1 ( 3) (d) cos −1 (3)
√

6. If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, 𝛿 with four diagonals of a cube, then cos2 𝛼 + cos2 𝛽 + cos 2 𝛾 + cos 2 𝛿 is equal to
1 2 4 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
𝜋 𝜋
7. If a line makes angle and 4
3
with 𝑥-axis and 𝑦-axis respectively, then the angle made by the line with 𝑧-axis is
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 15𝜋
(a) 2
(b) 3 (c) 4 . (d) 12
.

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two Statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

1. Assertion (A) : A line through the points (4,7,8) and (2,3,4) is parallel to a line through the points ( −1, −2,1) and
(1,2,5).
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 and 𝑟⃗ = 𝑎⃗2 + 𝜇𝑏⃗⃗2 are parallel if 𝑏
Reason (R): Lines 𝑟⃗ = 𝑎⃗1 + 𝜆𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗2 = 0.
𝑥−3 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
2. Assertion (A): Equation of a line passing through the points (1,2,3) and (3, −1,3) is = = .
2 3 0
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧1
Reason (R): Equation of a line passing through points (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , 𝑧2 ), is given by = = .
𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑧2 −𝑧1

Case-based/Data-based Questions
1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Two motorcycles 𝐴 and 𝐵 are running at the speed more than the allowed speed on the roads represented by the lines
𝑟⃗ = 𝜆(𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ ) and 𝑟⃗ = (3𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ) + 𝜇(2𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ ) respectively.

(i) Write the Cartesian equation of the line along which motorcycle 𝐴 is running.
(ii) Find the direction cosines of the line along which motorcycle 𝐵 is running.
(iii) Find the shortest distance between the given lines.
Or

Find the point at which the motorcycles may collide.

Long Answer Questions
1. Find the shortest distance between the following pair of skew lines:
𝑥−1 2−𝑦 𝑧+1 𝑥+2 𝑦−3 𝑧
= = , = =
2 3 4 −1 2 3
𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧+1 𝑥−4 𝑦 𝑧+1
2. Show that the lines 3
= −1
= 0
and 2
=0= 3
intersect. Find their point of intersection.
3. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the point 𝐴(−1,8,4) to the line joining the points
𝐵(0, −1,3) and 𝐶(2, −3, −1) Hence find the image of the point 𝐴 in the line 𝐵𝐶.
4. Prove that the line through 𝐴(0, −1, −1) and 𝐵(4,5,1) intersects the line through 𝐶(3,9,4) and 𝐷(−4,4,4).
5. Find the vector and cartesian equations of a line through the point (1, −1,1) and perpendicular to the lines joining
the points (4,3,2), (1, −1,0) and (1,2, −1), (2,1,1).
6. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are

𝑟⃗ = (1 − 𝑡)𝑖ˆ + (𝑡 − 2)𝑗ˆ + (3 − 2𝑡)𝑘ˆ and 𝑟⃗ = (𝑠 + 1)𝑖ˆ + (2𝑠 − 1)𝑗ˆ + (2𝑠 + 1)𝑘ˆ

7. Show that lines 𝑟⃗ = (𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜆(3𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ) and 𝑟⃗ = (4𝑖ˆ − 𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜇(2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ ) intersect. Also find their point of
intersection.
𝑥−2 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−2 𝑦−3 𝑧−4
8. Show that the lines 1
= 3
= 1
and 1
= 4
= 2
intersect. Also, find the co-ordinate of the point of
intersection.
𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
9. Find the image of the point (1,6,3) in the line 1 = 2
= 3
. Also find the equation of the line joining given points
and its image.
10. Find the image of the point (2,1,2) in the line 𝑟⃗ = (4𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜆(𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ ).
11. Find the shortest distance between the lines 𝑟⃗ = (𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜆(2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ ) and

𝑟⃗ = (2𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜇(2𝑖ˆ + 6𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ ).

12. Find the angle between the following pair of lines

𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3 𝑥+2 𝑦−4 𝑧−5
(i) = = and = =
2 5 −3 −1 8 4
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥−5 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
(ii) = = and = =
2 2 1 4 1 8
 CHAPTER-12: LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The number of feasible solutions of the linear programming problem given as Maximize 𝑍 = 15𝑥 + 30𝑦 subject to
constraints:
3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) infinite

2. The feasible region of a linear programming problem is shown in the figure below :
Which of the following are the possible constraints?
(a) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 3, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 (b) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 4, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 3, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
(c) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 (d) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3, 𝑥 ≤ 0, 𝑦 ≤ 0

3. The objective function 𝑍 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 of an LPP has maximum value 42 at (4,6) and minimum value 19 at (3,2).
Which of the following is true?
(a) 𝑎 = 9, 𝑏 = 1 (b) 𝑎 = 9, 𝑏 = 2 (c) 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 5 (d) 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 3
4. The corner points of the feasible region in the graphical representation of a linear programming problem are
(2,72), (15,20) and (40,15). If 𝑍 = 18𝑥 + 9𝑦 be the objective function, then
(a) Z is maximum at (2,72), minimum at (15,20)
(b) Z is maximum at (15,20), minimum at (40,15)
(c) Z is maximum at. (40,15), minimum at (15,20)
(d) Z is maximum at (40,15), minimum at (2,72)
5. The number of corner points of the feasible region determined by the constraints 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 0, 2𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 + 2, 𝑥 ≥
0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
6. If the corner points of the feasible region of an LPP are (0,3), (3,2) and (0,5), then the minimum value of
𝑍 = 11𝑥 + 7𝑦 is
(a) 21 (b) 33 (c) 14 (d) 35
7. The number of solutions of the system of inequations 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 3,3𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≥ 12, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 1 is
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) finite (d) infinite.

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

1. Assertion (A) : The maximum value of 𝑍 = 5𝑥 + 3𝑦, satisfying the conditions 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 and 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10, is 15 .
Reason (R) : A feasible region may be bounded or unbounded.
2. Assertion (A) : The maximum value of 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 3𝑦. Such that 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 20, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 20, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is 30 .
Case-based/Data-based Questions
1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Linear Programming Problem is a method of or finding the optimal values (maximum or minimum) of quantities subject
to the constraints when relationship is expressed as a linear equations or linear inequations.
The corner points of a feasible region determined by the system of linear constraints are as shown below.

(i) Is this feasible region is bounded?

(ii) Write the number of corner points in the feasible region.
(iii) If 𝑍 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 has maximum value at 𝐶(6,6) and 𝐵(4,10). Find the relationship between𝑎&𝑏.
OR
If 𝑍 = 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 then find the minimum value of this objective function.

Long Answer Questions

1. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically:
Minimise 𝑍 = 𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 20
Subject to constraints: 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 0, −𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 2;

𝑥 ≥ 3, 𝑦 ≤ 4, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

2. Solve the following LPP:

Maximise

𝑍 = 5𝑥1 + 7𝑥2 ,
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≤ 4,
3𝑥1 + 8𝑥2 ≤ 24,
10𝑥1 + 7𝑥2 ≤ 35,
𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ≥ 0.

Subject to constraints: 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≤ 4,

3. Maximise 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
subject to 𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 8,2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 12,3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 9, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
4. Solve the following LPP graphically:

Maximise 𝑍 = 1000𝑥 + 600𝑦

Subject to the constraints

𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200
𝑥 ≥ 20
𝑦 − 4𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
 CHAPTER- 13: PROBABILITY

Multiple Choice Questions

4 7
1. If for any two events 𝐴 and 𝐵, 𝑃(𝐴) = 5 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 10, then 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) is equal to
1 1 7 17
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 8 8 20

2. Five fair coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of the events that at least one head comes up is
27 5 31 1
(a) 32 (b) 32 (c) 32 (d) 32
𝐴 𝐵
3. If 𝑃 (𝐵) = 0.3, 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.4 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.8, then 𝑃 (𝐴) is equal to
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.06 (d) 0.4
4. If the sum of numbers obtained on throwing a pair of dice is 9 , then the probability that number obtained on one of
the dice is 4 , is
1 4 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 18 2
𝑎
5. From the set {1,2,3,4,5}, two numbers 𝑎 and 𝑏(𝑎 ≠ 𝑏) are chosen at random. The probability that 𝑏 is an integer is
1 1 1 3
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 5

6. 𝐴 and 𝐵 are events such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.4, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.3 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.5. Then 𝑃(𝐵′ ∩ 𝐴) equals
2 1 3 1
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 10 (d) 5

7. A bag contains 3 white, 4 black and 2 red balls. If 2 balls are drawn at random (without replacement), then the
probability that both the balls are white is [CBSE 2020 (65/4/1)]
1 1 1 1
(a) 18 (b) 36 (c) 12 (d) 24.

Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true and 𝑹 is the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(b) Both 𝑨 and 𝑹 are true but 𝑹 is not the correct explanation for 𝑨.
(c) 𝑨 is true but 𝑹 is false.
(d) 𝑨 is false but 𝑹 is true.

1. Assertion (A) : Two coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting two heads, if it is known that at least
1
one head comes up, is .
3
𝑃(𝐸∩𝐹)
Reason (R) : Let 𝐸 and 𝐹 be two events with a random experiment then 𝑃(𝐹/𝐸) = 𝑃(𝐸)
.
1
2. Assertion (A) : The probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die, when a pair of dice is rolled is 36.
Reason (R): If 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) > 𝑃(𝐴), then 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) > 𝑃(𝐵).

Case-based/Data-based Questions
2. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
There are different types of Yoga which involve the usage of different poses of Yoga Asanas, Meditation and
Pranayam as shown in the figure below:

The Venn diagram below represents the probabilities of three different types of Yoga, 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 performed by the
people of a society. Further, it is given that probability of a member performing type 𝐶 Yoga is 0 ⋅ 44.
(i) Find the value of 𝑥.
(ii) Find the value of 𝑦.
𝐶
(iii) Find 𝑃 (𝐵).

OR
Find the probability that a randomly selected person of the society does Yoga of type 𝐴 or 𝐵 but not 𝐶.

Long Answer Questions

1. An insurance company insured 3,000 scooters, 4,000 cars and 5,000 trucks. The probabilities of the accident
involving a scooter, a car and a truck are 0.02,0.03 and 0.04 respectively. One of the insured vehicles meet with
an accident. Find the probability that it is a (a) scooter (b) car (c) truck.
2. Bag 𝐴 contains 3 red and 5 black balls, while bag 𝐵 contains 4 red and 4 black balls. Two balls are transferred at
random from bag 𝐴 to bag 𝐵 and then a ball is drawn from bag 𝐵 at random. If the ball drawn from bag 𝐵 is
found to be red, find the probability that two red balls were transferred from 𝐴 to 𝐵.
3. In a factory which manufactures bolts, machines 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 manufacture respectively 30%, 50% and 20% of
the bolts. Of their outputs 3,4,1 per cent respectively are defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the
product and is found to be defective. Find the probability that this is not manufactured by machine 𝐵.
4. In a bolt factory, three machines 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 manufacture 25,35 and 40 per cent of the total bolts manufactured.
Of their output, 5,4 and 2 per cent are defective respectively. A bolt is drawn at random and is found to be
defective. Find the probability that it was manufactured by either machine 𝐴 or 𝐶.
2 1
5. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two independent events such that 𝑃(𝐴‾ ∩ 𝐵) = and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵‾) = , then find 𝑃(𝐴) and 𝑃(𝐵).
15 6

6. A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 5 times. He throws a die and reports that it is 4 . Find the probability that
it is actually a 4.
7. There are two boxes I and II. Box I contains 3 red and 6 black balls. Box II contains 6 red and ' 𝑛 ' black balls. One
of the two boxes, box I and box II is selected at random and a ball is drawn at random. The ball drawn is found
3
to be red. If the probability that this red ball comes out from box II is 5, find the value of ' 𝑛 '.
8. A girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6 , she tosses a coin three times and notes the number of heads. If she gets
1,2,3 or 4 , she tosses a coin two times and notes the number of heads obtained. If she obtained exactly two
heads, what is the probability that she threw 1,2,3 or 4 with the die?
9. Two groups are competing for the position on the Board of Directors of a corporation. The probabilities that the
first and the second group will win are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively. Further, if the first group wins, the probability of
introducing a new product is 0.7 and the corresponding probability is 0.3, if the second group wins. Find the
probability that the new product was introduced by the second group.
10. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.4, 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑝, 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.6 and 𝐴 and 𝐵 are given to be independent events, find the value of ' 𝑝
'.