SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.

Page 1 Sunday, December 15, 2024

Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 2 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 3 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 4 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 5 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 6 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 7 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 8 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 9 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 10 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 11 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 12 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 13 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 14 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 15 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 16 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 17 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 18 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 19 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 20 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 21 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 22 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 23 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 24 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 25 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 26 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 27 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 28 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 29 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 30 Sunday, December 15, 2024
Printed For: Yogita Singh, National Law University, Dwarka
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------