Cloud Computing
Lecture 1
6-8-2024
Mr. Ajay B. Kapase
Defining Cloud Computing
• General term for the delivery of hosted computing resources and IT
services over the internet with Pay as you Go pricing.
• Computing Resources
• Compute- Processing Power (Processors)
• Memory- RAM
• Storage – Secondary Storage Space
• IT Services
• Database Service
• Development tools
• Storage Service
• Other Applications (softwares)
• Network Protocols
Historical Developments in Computing
Distributed Computing (1950)
• Distributed computing is the method of making multiple computers
work together to solve a common problem.
• System where processing and data storage is distributed across
multiple devices or systems, rather than being handled by a single
central device.
• Each device has its own compute (processing power) and storage.
• Work together to perform single task distributing among them and
share resources.
Distributed Computing
• Each device has its own local memory
and processing power.
• Communication across units is done using
message passing concept (Over
Network).
• Communication within individual unit is
done via bus.
• Decentralized management
Advantages of Distributed Computing
• Robustness:
• Work well in Node failure.
• No single point of failure.
• can continue to operate even if one device or system fails.
• Performance
• Processing and Memory is shared => Large data / Large Computing Operations
• Load balancing.
• Scalability:
• can easily add new devices or systems to the network to increase processing and
storage capacity.
Disadvantages of Distributed Computing
• Computational Speed is slow as compared to monolithic system.
• In comparison to a monolithic, the database associated with distributed
systems is much more complex and challenging to manage.
Mainframe Computing (1951)
• Mainframe: highly powerful, large and reliable computing machine
typically used for complex calculations and data processing tasks.
• Responsible for handling large data such as massive io operations.
• It can connect to multiple end clients simultaneously.
• Several users can access different applications and runs processes
concurrently without impacting performance or security.
Mainframe Computing
• Stands between Servers and
Supercomputers.
• Advanced than servers but
lower than supercomputers.
• Usually used for massive
transactional computing and
I/O operations.
Advantages of Mainframe Computing
• The processing speed is very fast.
• Can handle multiple inputs/clients at same time.
• Can withstand failure of a part without affecting the function of rest of
the computer.
Disadvantages of Mainframe Computing
• It requires a special OS to run.
• Are very expensive.
Cluster Computing (1980)
• Cluster, is a group of interconnected computers forming a single
system together with the components cooperating in providing high
availability, load balancing, and parallel processing.
• Units, or nodes are usually in the same physical space and are
interoperable.
Cluster Computing
• Consists multiple cooperating
homogeneous nodes giving impression
of single standalone system.
• Consists one head node responsible for
distributing of work, load balancing,
combining results.
• Centralized management, nodes usually
in the same location
Advantages of Cluster Computing
• High Performance
• Better and enhanced performance than that of mainframe computer
networks.
• Easy to manage
• Centralized management.
• Scalable
• Add new nodes as per requirement.
• Robustness
• Work even if any node fails.
Disadvantage of Cluster Computing
• High cost:
• not so much cost-effective due to its high hardware requirements and
complex design.
• Need of Homogeneous Nodes.
Feature Distributed Systems Clustered Systems
Centralized management, nodes usually in the same
Architecture Decentralized, nodes can be geographically dispersed location
Load Balancing Varies, depends on implementation Integral feature, evenly distributes tasks
Management
No single point of control, often requires complex Centralized control, simpler management
management
Geographical Distribution Can span across different geographic locations Typically confined to a single physical location
Resource Sharing Independent resources across nodes Shared resources within the cluster
Communication Often relies on message passing and network protocols Generally, uses high-speed local networks
Latency Can have higher latency due to network communication Generally low latency due to local network
System Administration More complex due to the distributed nature of the nodes Simplified due to centralized management
