2022 WORKBOOK | Grade BUSINESS STUDIES

11

2022 SUBJECT WORKBOOK

Grade 11

BUSINESS STUDIES

A joint initiative between the Western Cape Education Department and Stellenbosch University.
2022 WORKBOOK | Grade BUSINESS STUDIES
11
BROADCAST SESSIONS

GRADE 11 Below, find the topics and dates of the 2022 Business Studies
Telematics Sessions

Session Date Time Topic

1 10-05-2022 16h00-17h00 Professionalism & Ethics

Team Dynamics and Conflict

2 02-11-2022 16h00-17h00
Management

SESSION 1: PROFESSIONALISM AND ETHICS

• Professionalism describes the internationally accepted standards or

expectations that society has of people's conduct and levels of
competence in the workplace.
• Ethics refers to Ideas about what is morally correct or not applied in a
business situation.
• When combined, professionalism and ethics provides the basis for
employees to combine their knowledge, skills, and ability together with
their conduct to act at all times in the best interest of the business .

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WHAT THE LEARNER MUST KNOW:

• Define ethical and professional behaviour

• Differentiate/Distinguish between the differences between professionalism and ethics
• Outline/State/Explain the principles of professionalism and ethics
• Briefly explain the theories of ethics that are applicable to the workplace:
• Differentiate/Distinguish between good and bad decisions and give examples of each.
• Suggest/Recommend ways in which professional, responsible, ethical and effective business
practice should be conducted
• Explain/Discuss the advantages/benefits of ethical business ventures.
• Give examples of ethical business practices
• Evaluate a code of ethics for any business and make recommendations for improvement.
• Discuss different perspectives on ethics

1. TERMINOLOGY

Term Definition
Refers to moral principles that that govern a person’s behaviour
Ethics
when conducting an activity
The specialised knowledge and skills used to practice a specific
Professionalism
job or task
Professional behaviour means that you take pride in your work
Professional behaviour
and always adhere to the required standards of your profession.
Refers to upholding the highest legal and moral standards
Ethical behaviour
when dealing with stakeholders.
Refers to employees that uses their knowledge, skills, and
Competency ability in their area of expertise for the good of the organisation,
society and the environment.
Refers to the ability to perform all your work-related
Integrity duties in the correct manner even when you are not being
monitored.
A theory that judges the rightness or wrongness
Consequential theory
of an action based on the consequences that action has
refers to actions that are taken or policies that are put in place
Common good approach
to not only benefit a certain group of individuals but the society
the legal and moral obligation of the business in relation to the
Responsibility economic, social, and natural environment within which
it operates
A code that explains what ethical and effective leadership
King code
entails

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2. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROFESSIONALISM AND ETHICS

PROFESSIONALISM ETHICS

• Refers to when a person acquires • Refers to the principles of right and

knowledge and skills to practice a specific wrong/acceptable in society
job/profession
• Set of standards of expected behaviour • Conforms to a set of values that are
morally acceptable
• Applying a code of conduct of a • Forms part of a code of conduct to
profession or business guide employees to act ethically
• Focuses on upholding the reputation of a • Focuses on developing a moral
business/profession • compass for decision making
• Includes guidelines on employees’ • Involves following the principles of right and
appearance / communication / attitude / wrong in business practices
responsibility, etc.

3. PRINCIPLES OF PROFESSIONALISM

• COMPETENCY: Employees apply their knowledge and skills in the interests of society
and the environment.
• INTEGRITY: Employees work with integrity, honesty and according to the law and
generally-accepted norms of professional conduct.
• RESPECT: Employees respect the dignity and rights of others and the image of the
profession or business.
• OBJECTIVITY: Employees remain objective and act in a way that is fair and just to all
without any bias or favour.
• CONFIDENTIALITY: Employees do not divulge any details of the business or clients
toothers or use confidential information for their own benefit.

4. PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS

• TRANSPARENCY: Pay heed to transparency and full disclosure of all information

• AVOID SELF-INTEREST: Avoid conflict of interest that may harm the interest of the
business
• COMMITMENT: Employees respect the dignity and rights of others and the image of the
profession or business.
• CARING: Makes social responsibility part of the business objectives
• ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY : Ensure that the actions of the business does not harm
the environment

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5. GOOD & BAD DECISIONS

Good decisions Bad decisions

• Often these right decisions made with thought, • These are often the result of spur of the
sufficient information and by following ethical moment decisions, without having all the
principles. facts available or checking if they are
• It is often best to follow your instinct once you complete and correct.
have all the facts. • The opinions of others like stakeholders are
not considered.
• The consequences and ethics are not
considered.

6. THEORIES OF ETHICS

Consequential • The consequential theory tries to answer the ethical questions about right or
theory wrong and how we arrive at this answer.
• It determines whether to do or not do something based on the expected
result of the action.
• If the expected result is good, then it’s ethically right to do; if it’s bad then it
is ethically wrong to do.
Common good • The common good approach ensures that business values and ethical
approach principles are in line with the society in which the business operates.
• It recognises that ethics and values vary from area to area, and from country
to country.
Rights approach • The focus of the rights approach is on individual rights – where people are
treated with respect and dignity.
• Business does not impose its mission or products on people.
• No person should be ill-treated.

7. WAYS IN WHICH PROFESSIONAL, RESPONSIBLE, ETHICAL AND EFFECTIVE BUSINESS

PRACTICE SHOULD BE CONDUCTED

❖ Businesses should treat all their employees equally, regardless of their race / colour /age / gender /
disability etc.
❖ Mission statement should include values of equality/respect.
❖ Treat workers with respect / dignity by recognising work well done
❖ Pay fair wages / salaries which is in line with the minimum requirements of the BCEA /
❖ Remunerate employees for working overtime / during public holidays.
❖ All workers should have access to equal opportunities/positions/resources.

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9. ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS OF ETHICAL BUSINESS VENTURES.8

❖ Businesses can build a good reputation and attract more investors, thus increasing profitability.
❖ Customer loyalty is created and nurtured, and a positive business image will be created.
❖ Staff morale can be built and maintained by paying employees fairly.
❖ Staff who are hard-working and productive will be loyal and dedicated to the business.
❖ Positive relationships will develop between co-workers, which will result in improved productivity.
❖ Businesses who become compliant with environmental regulations will avoid unnecessary fees or
sanctions.

9. EXAMPLES OF ETHICAL BUSINESS PRACTICES

❖ Using fair advertising

❖ Business deals are conducted openly
❖ Paying fair wages
❖ Ensuring that the environment is not polluted
❖ Not engaging in illegal business practices
❖ Not employing child labour
❖ Adopting codes of good ethical practices

10. DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICS

❖ Ethics are not universal.

❖ Ethics differ according to culture, religion, socialisation and education.
❖ There is no absolute right or absolute wrong when it comes to ethics.
❖ Each society needs to decide by itself what is acceptable.
❖ Business is entitled to decide the kind of behaviour that it demands from its employees.
❖ This is where a code of ethics is useful.

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SESSION 1: PROFESSIONALISM & ETHICS

Question 01 Answer 01

WORKSHEET

1. List THREE principles of 1 ______________________

TOPIC:
professionalism
2 ______________________
Answer the THREE questions
and write the correct answers 3 ______________________
on the right hand side of the
page Question 02 Answer 02
You should be able to complete
the THREE question within 10
2. State THREE principles of 1 ______________________
minutes
ethics
2 ______________________

3 ______________________

Question 03 Answer 03

Indicate the theory of ethics each

of the statements below refers to:

3.1 The emphasis is on individual 3.1 ______________________

rights – where people are
3.2 ______________________
treated with respect and
dignity.
3.3 ______________________
3.2 Theory tries to answer the
ethical questions about right
or wrong and how we arrive at
this answer.
3.3 approach ensures that
business values and ethical
principles are in line with the
society in which the business
operates

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ACTIVITY 1

TOPIC: PROFESSIONALISM & ETHICS TRY AND LEARN

Section C - Essay type question
ACTIVITY 1
Businesses encourage ethical and professional behaviour in In your Controlled Test and
the workplace. The theories of ethics guide decisions in the Examinations, you will be
workplace which are morally correct. Businesses required to answer ONE essay
must ensure that they conduct their operations professionally type question of 40 marks. You
and ethically to remain competitive and sustainable. must be able to complete the
answer of the essay within 30
minutes.
Write an essay on professionalism and ethics in which you
include the following aspects: Please note the following
regarding an essay in Business
• Outline the differences between professionalism & ethics. Studies:
• Explain FOUR principles of professionalism .
• Discuss the following theories of ethics Your essay consist of:
o Common good approach
o Rights approach ❖ Introduction
• Recommend ways in which professional, responsible, ❖ Body
ethical and effective business practice should be ❖ Conclusion
conducted..
[40] Introduction:
• Start with the word
‘Introduction’ as a heading.
• Your opening statements
must be linked to the
bulleted questions.

Body:
• Don’t write the word ‘Body’ as
a heading.
• Use information in the
questions below the scenario
as headings in the body.

Conclusion
• Write the word ‘Conclusion’ as
a heading.
• End your essay with ONE
meaningful fact – not
repeating what was said in the
introduction /body

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SESSION 2: TEAM DYNAMICS & CONFLICT

In Grade 10 you were introduced to the concept of teamwork. The advantages of team-work for a
business were outlined and the factors influencing team relationships were explained. You were
required to recommend ways in which businesses can address factors that influence team
relationships. The criteria for successful team performance were outlined. In Grade 11 the
GRADE 12 of a team will be expanded on. The four stages of team development will be
importance
outlined for you.

WHAT THE LEARNERS MUST KNOW

• Explain/discuss the importance of team-work

• Outline/Mention/Name/stages of team development
• Define the term conflict
• Explain the causes of conflict
• Outline/Mention/Explain/Discuss the function of workplace forums.
• Explain the differences between trade unions and workplace forums.

1. TERMINOLOGY

Term Definition
Team A group of people organised to work together.
The joint action by a group of people in which each person strives to work towards a
Team work
common goal.

Forming The first stage of team development. It begins when the team first meets each other.

Storming It is a period marked by conflict and competition as individual personalities emerge.

The third stage of team development. A team will move into the norming stage when
Norming
they begin to work more effectively together as a team.

Performing The team is functioning at a high level in terms of performance and growth.

The adjourning stage occurs at the end of the project when the team is moving
Adjourning
on in different directions.

Conflict The difference or disagreement or disharmony or clash between persons.

Conflict
The plans we make to prevent or resolve conflict.
management

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2. IMPORTANCE OF TEAM-WORK

• Teamwork promotes unity in the workplace.

• Teamwork offers differing perspectives and feedback.
• Teamwork provides improved efficiency and productivity.
• Teamwork provides great learning opportunities.
• Teamwork promotes workplace synergy.

3. STAGES OF TEAM DEVELOPMENT

Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

Forming • The first stage is when team members get to know each other.
• Team members show good behaviour as they are new to the group.
• Team members plan their work and new roles.
• Individuals gather information and impressions about each other and
the scope of the task and how to approach it

Storming • The storming phase is often characterised by conflict.

• Team members show their true character.
• Team members actively engage in the tasks at hand.
• This stage is necessary / important for the growth of the team.
• Some team members simply tolerate each other just to survive this
stage.

Norming • Team members start helping each other and there is less conflict.
• Team members are motivated and take pride in their work.
• The team becomes better at solving problems.
• The norming stage usually lasts between 4 – 12 months.

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3. STAGES OF TEAM DEVELOPMENT

Performing • Team members start to settle down.

• Team members start to accept and trust one another.
• Team members are confident, motivated, and trust each other.
• Team members agree on ground rules.
• Commit to the same goal and fall into certain decisions, even when they
personally disagree with it.
• Individuals ’motivation has shifted from personal achievement to team
performance.

Adjourning • The focus is on the completion of the task/ending the project.

• Some team members adjust poorly to the team breaking up because they will
find it difficult to work on their own again.
• All tasks must be completed before the team finally breaks up and individual
members go their separate ways.

You should be able to identify the stages of team

development from given scenarios/statements/case
studies.

4. TERM CONFLICT

Conflict refers to a clash of opinions / ideas / view points in

the workplace. A disagreement between two or more parties
in the workplace.

A grievance is lodged by ONE person and it is more

formal than conflict, whereas conflict exists between two or
more people.

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5. CAUSES OF CONFLICT

Differences in Ignoring procedures Lack of cooperation Personality differences

background
Lack of recognition Unfair workloads Unrealistic deadlines Lack of proper
communication

• Employees from different backgrounds do not always agree on the path they need to follow in
pursuit of the organisation’s goals.
• Not adhering to the rules of the organisation may lead to conflict if the guilty party is confronted
about the matter.
• Lack of cooperation could delay the production process and cause frustration amongst colleagues.
• The different personalities of employees come to the fore when employees engage with each
other.
• Lack of recognition by management of workers who perform additional duties at high levels.
• Unrealistic deadlines may increase the stress levels of certain employees.
• Unfair workloads may cause some employees to feel resentful.

• Lack of clear communication may cause uncertainty amongst employees.

You should be able to identify the causes of conflict from

given scenarios/statements/case studies.

6. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

• Conflict management is the process of planning to prevent conflict and to resolve conflict as
quickly as possible.
• Conflict management involves dealing with conflict in a fair, efficient, and sensitive manner
so that the negative effect of the conflict is minimised.
• If conflict is not managed it becomes worse and impacts negatively on productivity.
• Managers need to be able to recognise and resolve conflict to promote cooperation and
productivity.

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7. FUNCTION OF WORKPLACE FORUMS

WHAT IS A WORKPLACE FORUM?

• The Labor Relations Act has created workplace forums as a powerful tool
for collective bargaining, especially in small businesses.
• A workplace forum ensures that workers gain control over decision-making
that affects their working conditions.
• This creates room for direct communication with management.
• To set up a workplace forum, there must be more than 100 employees in
the employ of the employer.
• A trade union can apply to the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and
Arbitration (CCMA) to establish a workplace forum.

FUNCTION OF WORKPLACE FORUMS

• Prevent unilateral decisions made by employers on issues affecting the employees.

• Encourages workers’ participation in decision-making.
• They have the right to be consulted by an employer on:
–– restructuring of work methods
–– restructuring of job functions
–– retrenching of workers
–– mergers and transfer of ownership
–– job grading
• Promote the interests of all employees in the workplace.
• Enhance efficiency in the workplace through co-operation.
• Consulted by an employer and reach consensus about working conditions.

You should be able to identify functions of workplace

forums from given scenarios/statements

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8. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRADE UNIONS AND WORKPLACE FORUMS

It’s best to draw a table when you are required to differentiate or

distinguish between workplace forums and trade unions

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SESSION 2: TEAM DYNAMICS & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

Question 01 Answer 01

Indicate the concept each of the

WORKSHEET following statements refers to:

1.1 A group of people organized 1.1 ______________________

TOPIC: to work together
1.2 The joint action by a group of 1.2 ______________________
Answer the THREE questions people in which each person
and write the correct answer on strives to work towards a 1.3 ______________________
the right hand side of the page common goal.
1.3 The difference or
You should be able to complete disagreement or disharmony
the THREE question within 10 between persons.
minutes

Question 02 Answer 02

Indicate the stage of team

development each of the following
statements refers to:

2.1 Team members start helping 2.1 ______________________

each other and there is less
conflict 2.2 ______________________
2.2 The focus is on the completion
of the task/ending the project. 2.3 ______________________
2.3 Individuals gather information
and impressions about each
other

Question 03 Answer 03

List THREE functions of workplace

forums
3.1 ______________________

3.2 ______________________

3.3 ______________________

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ACTIVITY

TOPIC: TEAM DYNAMICS & CONFLICT

MANAGEMENT TRY AND LEARN

Section B – Indirect type question ACTIVITY 1

Read the questions first.

1. Read the scenario below and answer the questions that
Thereafter read the scenario to
follow:
determine the correct answers.

Kaydon Suppliers (KS) Question 1 and 2 should be

Kaydon Suppliers (KS) has a very successful team of completed in 15 minutes
employees but lately, they noticed that there is tension
between the employees and power struggles occur
frequently.

1.1 Identify the stage of team development that KS find

themselves in. Motivate your answer by quoting from the
scenario above. (3)
1.2 Explain TWO other stages of team development (6)

2. Complete the following statements regarding the

causes of conflict

Statements Answers

1 Employees from different … do not always agree on the path backgrounds

they need to follow in pursuit of the organisation’s goals.

2 Not adhering to the … of the organisation may lead to conflict rules

if the guilty party is confronted about the matter.

3 Lack of … could delay the production process and cause cooperation

frustration amongst colleagues
4 The different … of employees come to the fore when personalities
employees engage with each other.
5 Lack of recognition by … of workers who perform additional management
duties at high levels.

6 Unrealistic … may increase the stress levels of certain deadlines

employees.

7 Unfair … may cause some employees to feel resentful. workloads

8 Lack of clear … may cause uncertainty amongst employees. communication

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