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Python_Lectures

Complate python code learning

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18 views

Python_Lectures

Complate python code learning

Uploaded by

alijamshed271
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Python

What is Python?

Python is a versatile and powerful programming language known for its easy-to-read syntax. It's
widely used in various fields, from web development and data science to artificial intelligence
and automation.

Why Learn Python?

Python is popular due to its:

 Ease of Learning: Clear, English-like syntax.


 Community Support: Many resources and libraries available for different tasks.
 Versatility: Used for web development, data analysis, machine learning, etc.

2. Basic Syntax and Variables

Hello World

Start with the classic "Hello, World!" example:

Explanation: This line of code tells Python to display text to the screen. print() is a built-in
function that outputs whatever is inside its parentheses.

Variables and Data Types

Variables store information that can be used and manipulated in a program.


Explanation:

 Python is dynamically typed, meaning you don’t need to declare variable types explicitly.
 Here, we assign name as a string, age as an integer, height as a float, and is_student as a
Boolean.

Comments

Comments help clarify code and are not executed. They start with # for single-line comments or
triple quotes for multi-line comments.

3. Data Structures

Lists

Lists are ordered collections, ideal for storing related items.

Explanation:

 Lists are mutable, meaning items can be added, removed, or modified.


 append() adds an item to the end, while remove() deletes an item.
 Allows Duplicates: Items can repeat.
Dictionaries

 Definition: Dictionaries store data as key-value pairs, where each key is unique.
 Characteristics:
o Unordered: Items do not have a specific order.
o Mutable: You can add, modify, or remove key-value pairs.
o Unique Keys: Each key must be unique, but values can repeat.

Explanation: Dictionaries are ideal for when you need to map one thing (key) to another
(value), such as storing information about a person where each detail has a label.
Tuples

 Definition: Tuples are ordered collections of items that cannot be changed (immutable).
 Characteristics:
o Ordered: Items have a defined order.
o Immutable: Once created, you cannot change, add, or remove items.
o Allows Duplicates: Items can repeat.

Explanation: Tuples are useful when you have a collection of items that shouldn’t change, like
coordinates (x, y) or months in a year.

Sets

 Definition: Sets are unordered collections of unique items.


 Characteristics:
o Unordered: No specific order, so items can't be accessed by index.
o Mutable: You can add or remove items.
o Unique Items: Duplicates are not allowed.

Explanation: Sets are great for storing unique items without any specific order. They are
commonly used for operations involving unique values, like finding unique names in a list.
4. Control Flow
If Statements

Conditionals allow us to make decisions in code.

Explanation:

 The if statement checks if age is 18 or more.


 Python uses indentation (4 spaces or a tab) to define code blocks.
Loops

Loops let us repeat actions.

Explanation:

 for loop iterates a specific number of times, often using range().


 while loop runs as long as the condition ( counter < 3) remains true.
5. Functions
Defining and Calling Functions

Functions are reusable blocks of code.

Explanation:

 def defines a function.


 greet() takes name as a parameter and returns a personalized greeting.

Built-in Functions

Python includes many useful built-in functions, like len(), sum(), max(), and min().

6. File Handling
Reading and Writing Files

Let’s learn how to read and write to text files.


Explanation:

 The with statement ensures the file is closed after reading or writing.
 "w" mode opens the file for writing, and "r" mode opens it for reading.

7. Mini Project
Project: Number Guessing Game

Let’s create a small game where the user guesses a random number.

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