ELECTIVE 1 Week 3

Lesson 2
LAYERS

- Layers are transparent and the unoccupied areas will let you see other layers below.
- More than one (1) layer in Adobe Photoshop is called a "composition".
- Layers can be added, deleted, grouped, duplicated and repositioned without affecting
the other layers and its content.
- Like sheets of stacked acetates.
o Overhead projector (Acetates) – one time use and before it’s only black and
white (smooth din and they can put ink)
- One of the most powerful features
- Individual slices of information
- With layers, you can draw, edit, paste, and reposition elements on one layer without
disturbing the others.

LAYER TYPES

1. Image Layers
o Any photograph or image you import into your document occupy an Image Layer.
2. Adjustment Layers
o Edit photo characteristics in a non-destructive, non-permanent way.
o Layer> New Adjustment Layer> select from the options.
o You can have as many layers active as you want. Adjustments only affect the
layers below, so you can move them around to target specific images.
3. Fill Layers
o Layers > New Fill Layer> select from options.
o If you set one of the gradient points to Transparent, part of the fill layer will have
a see-through quality.
4. Type Layers
o Creating text in your composition. Text in Photoshop is vector-
o based by default, so you can edit and resize it throughout the creation process.
5. Shape Layers
o Contain shapes drawn using the Shape Tools.

August 26 – 30, 2024

ELECTIVE 1 Week 3
Lesson 2

MOVING LAYERS

- Click and drag the layer in the desired location.

- The layer(s) will appear highlighted when selected.
- Multiple layers can be selected and moved.

GROUPING LAYERS

- Simply organizing layers in one group by putting it to one folder and giving the folder its
appropriate name or label.
- Select the layers you want to group.
- Click Layer menu then select Group Layer -or-
- Drag the selected layers to the folder icon at the bottom part of the layers panel

MERGING LAYER

- Merging layers: Combines visible, linked, or adjacent layers into a single layer. The
intersection of all transparent areas is retained.

FLATTEN LAYERS

- Combines all visible layers into a background. Photoshop deletes hidden layers and fills
any transparent areas with white

ALIGNING OBJECTS ON DIFFERENT LAYERS

- Top Edges - Left Edges

o Align top edges o Align left edges
- Vertical Centers - Horizontal Centers
o Align vertical centers o Align horizontal centers
- Bottom Edges - Right Edges
o Align bottom edges o Align right edges

DISTRIBUTE LAYERS AND GROUP

- Top Edges o Distribute vertical centers

o Distribute top edges - Bottom Edges
- Vertical Centers o Distribute bottom edges

August 26 – 30, 2024

ELECTIVE 1 Week 3
Lesson 2
- Left Edges o Distribute horizontal centers
o Distribute left edges - Right Edges
- Horizontal Centers o Distribute right edges

LAYER EFFECTS AND STYLES

- EFFECTS
o change the appearance of a layer's content in a non-destructive way.
o shadows, glows, bevels, etc.
o layer effects are linked to the layer contents
- STYLES
o two or more effects applied to a layer or layer group
o Adobe Photoshop provide preset layer styles to choose from
o users can create custom styles using the Layer Style dialog box.

BLEND MODES

- The Blend feature of Adobe Photoshop

o Blending mode controls how pixels in the image are affected by a painting or
editing tool.
o allows one layer to affect underlying layers in several different ways.

 The base color is the original color in the image.

 The blend color is the color being applied with the painting or editing tool.
 The result color is the color resulting from the blend.
- The Normal blend modes
o No changes in the base color of an image.
o No blending applied to the image.
- The Darken blend modes
o Darken, Multiply, Color Burn, Linear Burn and Darker Color blend modes make
up the Darken group each one makes the image darker.
- The Lighten blend modes
o Lighten, Screen, Color Dodge, Linear Dodge (Add) and Lighter Color blend
modes make up the Lighten group each of these blend modes lightens the
image.

August 26 – 30, 2024

ELECTIVE 1 Week 3
Lesson 2
- The Contrast blend modes
o Overlay, Soft Light, Hard Light, Vivid Light, Linear Light, Pin Light, and Hard Mix
modes make up the Contrast group.
o Each of these blend modes both darkens and lightens the image, which
increases contrast.
- The Comparative / Inversion blend modes
o Difference, Exclusion, Subtract and Divide blend modes.
o These blend modes compare pixels between layers, and none are used very
often.
- The Composite blend modes
o Also known as the HSL group. HSL stands for "Hue, Saturation and Luminosity",
which happen to be the names of three of the four blend modes included in this
group, along with the Color mode.
o They have something to do with blending the color or luminosity (lightness) of a
layer.

CONTRAST

- Is the difference in brightness between objects or regions. Contrast determines the

number of shades in the image.
- TINT is a mixture of a color with white, which increases lightness
- SHADE is a mixture with black, which increases darkness.
- TONE either mixing color with gray, or both tinting and shading.
- Gradated - a gradual passing from one tint or shade to another.
- A high-contrast image loses detail especially in areas with gradated tones, and can look
cartoony or posterized.

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP (SELECTION)

- Allows us to isolate a particular portion of a layer

- We can edit the selected region without affecting the other unselected area of the layer.

Rectangular Marquee Elliptical Marquee tool: Lasso tool: Draws

tool: Draws square or Draws round or elliptical freehand selection
rectangular selection selection borders. borders, best for precision.
borders.

August 26 – 30, 2024

ELECTIVE 1 Week 3
Lesson 2

Polygonal Lasso tool: Magnetic Lasso tool: Magic Wand tool: Selects
Draws multiple straight- Draws a selection border pixels of similar color with
edged segments of a that automatically snaps to one click
selection border. edges when you drag over
in the photo.

Quick Selection tool: Selection Brush tool: Smart Brush tool: Applies
Quickly and automatically Automatically selects or color and tonal
makes selection based on deselects the area you adjustments and effects to
color and texture when paint, depending on a selection. The tool
you click or click-drag an whether you're in Selection automatically creates an
area. or Mask mode. adjustment layer for non-
destructive editing.

Refine Selection Brush tool: Helps you Auto Selection tool: Automatically makes
add or remove areas to and from a a selection when you draw a shape around
selection. an object.

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP (PENTOOL)

- The Pen Tool creates paths and shapes which can be duplicated and manipulated to
create complex selections, masks and objects.
- Unlike the Brush Tool and Pencil Tools, which "draw" pixels onto your image, the Pen
Tool always creates a vector path when used.
- Pen tool - draw straight segments and curves with great precision.
- Freeform pen tool - draw paths as if you were drawing with pencil on a piece of paper
- Add anchor point tool - adds anchors and reshapes existing vector shapes / paths
(shape outlines). Click on the existing path to add an anchor point. Drag the added
anchor point and/ or its direction point to reshape line.

August 26 – 30, 2024

ELECTIVE 1 Week 3
Lesson 2
- Delete anchor point tool - deletes anchors and reshapes existing vector shapes /
paths (shape outlines). Click on an anchor point to delete it. Click and drag to delete
anchor point and reshape the line. Drag direction point (lever) to reshape the line.
- Convert point tool - edits existing vector shape masks and paths (shape outlines)
by converting smooth anchor points to corner anchor points and vice versa.
-

How to use the PEN TOOL

- This is the Pen tool with an (x) or (") beside it, showing that it is ready to draw.
- Click to create anchor points. Each next click creates a straightline segment or
sub-path. While drawing, the pen shows a delta shape.
- Hover the Pen tool over the first anchor point and it shows the close path symbol
(o) beside the pen.
- Click or drag to close. A closed path is a rectangle,
- An existing sub-path or line segment, and the Pen tool will change to the Add
- Anchor Point tool. See the plus sign. Click to add a new anchor point.
- Anchor point and it will change to the Delete Anchor Point tool. See the minus
sign.
- Click to delete an anchor from open or closed path.
- To move an anchor point, press the Ctrl key, and the Pen changes to the white
Direct
- Selection tool. In Illustrator, click the Direct Selection tool before using the Pen
tool
- Drag to create anchor points with Bezier direction points that control curved lines.
- Dragging the mouse button sets both the anchor and the direction point.
- To adjust a direction point, press the Ctrl key and the Pen tool changes to the
Direct
- Selection tool. Drag the handle to adjust the symmetrical curve. Notice the
arrowhead icon as you drag.
- To convert a sharp corner to a curve, hold the Alt key to get the Convert Anchor
Point tool; then drag, pulling direction points out of the anchor.
- To convert a curve to a sharp corner, hold down the Opt/Alt key and click the
curve anchor point.

August 26 – 30, 2024

ELECTIVE 1 Week 3
Lesson 2
- The direction points retract; and it becomes a sharp corner.
- To join two separate open paths, hover over the end anchor point of the first path
and click; then click the other path's end anchor point.

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP (SCALING AND TRANSFORMATION)

- SCALING
o Image-sizing feature also known as seam carving.
 this method of scaling enables you to resize and reshape your images
without over distorting the content and composition of those images.
 it also preserves image quality much better than traditional
- TRANSFORMATION
o Used for multiple resizing, scaling, warping and perspective changes
within one continuous operation.
- SCALE
o Enlarges or reduces an item relative to its reference point, the fixed point around
which transformations are performed. You can scale horizontally, vertically, or
both horizontally and vertically. ROTATE
o Turns an item around a reference point. By default, this point is at the center of
the object; however, you can move it to another location.
- SKEW
o Slants an item vertically and horizontally.
- DISTORT
o Stretches an item in all directions.
- PERSPECTIVE
o Applies one-point perspective to an item.
- WARP
o Manipulates the shape of an item.
o ROTATE 180, ROTATE 90 CW, ROTATE 90 CCW Rotates the item by the
specified number of degrees, either clockwise or counterclockwise.
- FLIP
o Flips the item vertically or horizontally.

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP (CROP)

August 26 – 30, 2024

ELECTIVE 1 Week 3
Lesson 2
- Cropping is the process of removing portions of a photo to create focus or strengthen the
composition. Use the Crop tool to crop and straighten photos in Photoshop. The Crop
tool is non-destructive, and you can choose to retain the cropped pixels to optimize the
crop boundaries later.
- CROPPING PICTUERS
o Basically, to remove unwanted portion of the picture of distracting background

August 26 – 30, 2024