LESSON 1 fashionable; it gives an air of novelty

and specious profundity to ideas

that, if stated directly, would seem
Language Varieties and Registers of
superficial, stale, frivolous, or false."
Spoken and Written Language

Types of Lects
Dialect
The word dialect—which contains "lect"
Regional dialect: A variety spoken in a
within the term—derives from the Greek
particular region.
words dia- meaning "across, between"
and legein "speak."
Sociolect: Also known as a social
A dialect is a regional or social variety of dialect, a variety of language (or
a language distinguished register) used by a socioeconomic class,
by pronunciation, grammar, a profession, an age group, or any other
and/or vocabulary. social group.

Ethnolect: A lect spoken by a specific

Register ethnic group. For example, Ebonics,
• Register is defined as the way a the vernacular spoken by some
speaker uses language differently in African-Americans, is a type of
different circumstances. Think about ethnolect, notes e2f, a language-
the words you choose, your tone of translation firm.
voice, even your body language.
• They are determined by such factors Idiolect: According to e2f, the
as social occasion, context, purpose, language or languages spoken by each
and audience. Registers are marked individual. For example, if you are
by a variety of specialized multilingual and can speak in different
vocabulary and turns of phrases, registers and styles, your idiolect
colloquialisms, the use of jargon, and comprises several languages, each with
a difference in intonation and pace. multiple registers and styles.

The language varieties, or lects, that

Jargon people speak often serve as the basis
• Jargon refers to the for judgment, and even exclusion, from
specialized language of a certain social groups, professions, and
professional or occupational group. business organizations. As you study
Such language is often meaningless language varieties, keep in mind that
to outsiders. American poet David they are often based on judgments one
Lehman has described jargon as group is making in regard to another.
"the verbal sleight of hand that
makes the old hat seem newly
 the majority of its speakers.
The Difference between Creole, Vocabulary is extensively borrowed
Pidgin and Patois from other languages, but the
grammar often shares few traits with
 Language differs by geography,
the languages
social class, economic status, age,
gender and religion. "Pidgin" and that contributed vocabulary. Grammar
"creole" are two terms that are and syntax are as fully developed as
sometimes used interchangeably by any other long-established tongue.
the general population, but have
specific differences in the world of
linguistics. Ex.

Pidgin
(Chavacano or Chabacano [tʃaβaˈkano]
refers to a number of Spanish-based
 describes a blend of several different creole language varieties spoken in the
languages spoken by a multicultural Philippines. Chavacano. Chavacano or
population into one mutually Philippine Creole Spanish is a Spanish-
understood language. based creole spoken in parts of the
Philippines, especially in and around the
 The speakers create a mutual city of Zamboanga, by over 600,000 people.
language using words from the There are also speakers of the
speakers' mother tongues and an Zamboanga dialect of Chavacano in
extremely flexible, simplified Sempornah, Malaysia.)
grammar.

Patois
Ex.

(Conyo - It has a colloquial meaning that (/ˈpætwɑː/, pl. same or /ˈpætwɑːz/) is

differs from it's Spanish origin, and isn't speech or language that is
vulgar at all. As Said in
considered nonstandard, although the
the definition above, it refers to the way of
term is not formally defined in linguistics.
speaking or one who speaks Taglish and/or
with an English accent, usually associated
As such, patois can refer
with upper-class citizens because such is to pidgins, creoles, dialects,
the stereotype in Filipino pop culture.) or vernaculars, but not commonly
to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-
based forms of cant.
Creole In colloquial usage of the term,
especially in France, class distinctions
• A creole language is also a mixture are implied by the very meaning of the
of multiple languages, but in this term, since in French, patois refers to
case, the new mixed language any sociolect associated with
becomes the native language for uneducated rural classes, in contrast
with the dominant prestige - Mixing of language
language (Standard French) spoken by
the middle and high classes of cities, or - Reduced grammar & vocabulary
as used in literature and formal settings
(the 'acrolect'). Creole

Jamaican Patois, known locally - Native speaker exist

as Patois (Patwa or Patwah) and
called Jamaican Creole by linguists, is - Mixed language associated with
cultural and often racial mixture
an English-based creole
language with West African influences
- Have parents who use Pidgin
(a majority of loan words
of Akan origin) spoken primarily Language Registers
in Jamaica and the Jamaican diaspora;
it is spoken by the majority of Jamaicans
as a native language. • There are five language registers or
styles. Each level has an appropriate
use that is determined by differing
situations.
It would certainly be inappropriate to use
language and vocabulary reserve for a
boyfriend or girlfriend when speaking in
the classroom.
Thus, the appropriate language register
depends upon the audience (who), the
topic (what), purpose (why) and location
(where).

Ex. • You must control the use of

language registers in order to enjoy
New Englanders who tend to drop the success in every aspect and
letter r: "Drive yah cah to Hahvahd situation you encounter.
Yahd," while others say, "Drive your
car to Harvard Yard." Patois, which Static Register
rhymes with "voilà," is speech used in a
particular region, profession, or group.
• This style of communications
RARELY or NEVER changes. It is
Definition of Pidgin and Creole “frozen” in time and content.
(e.g. the Pledge of Allegiance, the
Pidgin Lord’s Prayer, the Preamble to the
- No native Speaker US Constitution, the Alma Mater, a
bibliographic reference, laws.)
Formal Register
Intimate Register

• This language is used in formal

settings and is one-way in nature. • This communication is private. It
This use of language usually follows is reserved for close family
a commonly accepted format. It is members or intimate people.
usually impersonal and formal. A
common format for this register, are (e.g. husband & wife, boyfriend &
speeches. girlfriend, siblings, parent &
children.)
(e.g. sermons, rhetorical statements
and questions, speeches,
LESSON 2
pronouncements made by
judges, announcements.)

Multimodal
Consultative Register
Dynamic convergence of two or
• This is a standard form of more communication modes
communications. Users engage within the same text. All modes
in a mutually accepted structure are attended to as part of
of communications. It is formal meaning-making (The London
and societal expectations Group 1996).
accompany the users of this
speech. It is professional
discourse. Examples: image, gesture,
music, spoken and written
(e.g. when strangers meet, language
communications between a
superior and a subordinate,
doctor & patient, lawyer & client,
lawyer & judge, teacher &
student, counselor & client.)

Casual Register

• This is informal language used by peers

and friends. Slang, vulgarities and
colloquialisms are normal. This is
“group” language. One must be
member to engage in this register.

(e.g. buddies, teammates, chats and

emails, and blogs, and letters to friends.)
Semiotic
  What task does each mode perform
Semiotics System in conveying the message?
 Written or Lingustic Meaning  What is the over-all effect of the
message to the receiver?
- use of vocabulary
 Can the source of the message or
 Audio Meaning
multimodal text be trusted? Why or
- volume, pitch, and rhythm why not?
 Visual Meaning
Cultural Sensitivity in a Multimodal
- still and moving images Text
 Gestural Meaning
- body movement
 Cultural Sensitivity
 Spatial Meaning
An attitude and way of behaving in
- architectural spaces, direction, layout
which you are aware of and
acknowledge cultural differences; it
Ex. is crucial for such global goals as
world peace and economic growth as
well as for effective interpersonal
communication (Franklin &
Mitchell,1995)

Ex.

Sony Portable Playstation campaign

2006 (white is coming)

Evaluating Multimodal Text

 What is the message?

 Who is the target audience of the
message?
 What is the purpose of the
message?
 How is the message conveyed by
the multimodal texts?
  Allows you to take care of a lot of
customers, as well as partners and
other stakeholders without lengthy
conversations.

 You may send the same message to

different parties.

Texting
 An electronic message sent over a
cellular network from one cell phone
Cross-Cultural in Advertising to another by typing words.

“Just because a product campaign is  Has become the most personal form
wildly successful in one country, does of business communication.
not guarantee it will transcend with
global markets. Without the assistance  Your personal text number is
of a qualified, culturally aware team, it’s reserved for a few close associates.
challenging to recreate a message that
 Tend to be more urgent than email.
feels authentic and resonates with a
foreign audience. Even worse—a global
campaign can go as far to offend the
Instant Messaging
new market.”
 A system for sending messages
quickly over the Internet from one
LESSON 3 computer to another computer.

TECHNOLOGY-BASED  Can contribute to the success of your

negotiations.
COMMUNICATION TOOLS
 Tends to be for longer discussions
Communication combined with than texting.
technology is called as backbone of
social interaction.  You can engage someone in
another city, state or country in a
conversation.
E-mail (electronic mail)  One advantage is that you can take
 A means or system for transmitting time to think before you respond.
messages electronically.

 Become a standard form of business Social Networking

communication.
 The use of Internet-based social a primary communication channel to
media programs to make connection the public.
with friends, family, classmates,
customers or clients for social or
business purposes. Video Conferencing
 A technology that allows users in
 You will have to adjust your different locations to hold face-to-
communication style. face meetings without having to
move to a single location together.
 You gather “friends” on these sites.
 You can save travel money through
 Place for relationship marketing. this.

 Can be used by companies who

need to communicate in different
Tweeting parts of the world.

 Act of sending welcomed messages

to people you are connected to via MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATION
social media allows you to broadcast
very short messages called “tweets”.
Multimedia
 Can be used for social or business
purpose.  The combined use of several
media, as sound and full-motion
 Current or latest updates are posted video in computer applications.
immediately by reliable news
sources or organizations.  Uses a combination of different
content such as text, audio,
images, animations, video and
Blogging interactive content.

 “blog” is short for “web log”.

Elements of Multimedia

 Getting a blogger to review a certain

product or service can be a good  Text
way to promote your business.  Image
 Sound
 Often written by amateurs.
 Animation

 Some companies from sole  Video

proprietorship to large corporations
have established their own blogs as
 Twelve tips for Creating Effective
Use of area Presentations

 Multimedia use in business. 1. Design a template that is free from

distracting items.
 Multimedia use in education.
2. Ensure your template promotes
 Multimedia use at home.
readability.
 Multimedia use in public places.
3. Select a sans serif font.
4. Always use fonts that are 24 point or
Presentation program
larger.
 A software package used to display
5. Incorporate high quality photos,
information in the form of a
images or diagrams that reinforce your
slideshow.
verbal message.
has three (3) major functions: 6. Use phrases or abbreviated
 An editor that allows text to be sentences, rather than full sentences.
inserted and formatted. 7. Use bullet points sparingly. If using
 A method for inserting and bullet points, be sure they are less than
manipulating graphic images. six words long.

 A slideshow system to display the 8. Eliminate the use of headings or titles

content. unless they communicate the main
message.
9. Use animation, slide transitions,
Multimedia Presentation audio, and video sparingly.
11. Create a handout to accompany
 Differs from the normal presentation. your presentation.
 It contains some form of animation 12. Be passionate about your topic.
or media.
 Contains at least one of the following
elements: video or movie clip.

PowerPoint

 It used to present ideas in a well-

organized manner.