5TH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE of ISSEP on in-depth Solutions

to Structural Engineering Problems (ASEP-ISSEP 2024)

A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES:

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED
WITH SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

LIZARDO P. REMOJO, M.ASEP, I.StructS-039

A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

TOPIC OUTLINE:

I – REVIEW OF SEISMIC EVENTS IN MINDANAO

II – STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT

III – LESSONS LEARNED

IV – SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2018 SEISMIC EVENT A MAGNITUDE 7.2 EARTHQUAKE STRUCK

1 OFF EAST OF GOV. GENEROSO TOWN IN
DAVAO ORIENTAL ON SATURDAY, DECEMBER
29, 2018 WITH POSSIBLE TSUNAMI THREAT
FOR PARTS OF THE PHILIPPINES AND
INDONESIA. According to PHIVOLCS, the
quake was recorded at 12:19 PHT

2 PEIS INTENSITY V (Strong) – Gov. Generoso(Davao

Oriental), Glan ( Sarangani), Koronadal City (So. Cotabato)

3 PEIS INTENSITY IV (Moderately Strong) – Gen.

Santos City, Tupi (So. Cot.); Alabel, Kiamba
(Sarangani); Mati City; Davao City

4 TSUNAMI WARNING- Davao Region, Sarangani,

Davao City, Agusan Provinces, Surigao Provinces
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 SEISMIC EVENT – July 9 PHIVOLCS-at 8:36 PM PST of 9 July 2019 (Tuesday),
1 a moderate strong earthquake of Magnitude (M)
5.6 hit North Cotabato and vicinity at shallow depth
of 10km, with epicenter located 6.814deg N,
125.119degE or 8km W of Dolo, Makilala. The
maximum intensity was recorded as VI on the
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale(MMI) and PEIS.
The focal mechanism indicated strike-slip
movement on the Makilala Fault.

2 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Makilala, Kidapawan-

Cotabato; Koronadal-So. Cor; Sta. Cruz-Davao del Sur

3 PEIS INTENSITY IV(Moderately Strong) – Magpet,

Matalam, Kabacan, Tulunan-Cotabato; Polomolok,
Tupi, Tampakan, Sto. Nino – So. Cot.; Tacurong City,
Pres. Roxas-SK; Glan, Malungon-Sarangani
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 SEISMIC EVENT – October 16 At 7:37 PM PST of 16 October 2019 (Wednesday), a

1 strong earthquake of Magnitude (M) 6.3 shook the
province of Cotabato and vicinity. This earthquake
has an epicenter located 22km SE of Tulunan, Cot.,
7 km ENE Columbio, SK, and a depth of 8km. The
earthquake was generated by the movement of a
northwest-trending strike-slip fault. As of 3:00 PM
PST of 17 October 2019, 314 aftershocks have been
recorded by the DOST-PHIVOLCS seismic
monitoring network.

2 PEIS INTENSITY VII(Destructive) – Tulunan,

M’Lang, Kidapawan-Cotabato

3 PEIS INTENSITY VI(Very Strong) – Tacurong City,

Sto. Nino-So. Cot., Digos City
4 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Pikit-Cotabato; Pres.
Roxas-Cotabato; Lake Sebu, Polomolok, Tampakan,
Koronadal City-So. Cot.; Kalamansig, Lebak,
Palimbang-SK; Alabel & Malungon-Sarangani;
Davao City & Gen. Santos City
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 SEISMIC EVENT – October 29 PHIVOLCS- at 09:04 AM PST of 29 October 2019, another
1 strong earthquake of Magnitude (M) 6.6 shook the
Cotabato and vicinity. This EQ has an epicenter located
25km SE of Tulunan, Cotabato and a depth of 7km. This
EQ , as well as the recent earthquakes (9 July 2019 M5.6
and 16 October 2019 M6.3) in the area, are part of a
sequence of events from interrelated faults in the region.
As of 3:00 PM PST of 29 October 2019, 113 EQs following
the M6.6 earthquake have been recorded by the DOST-
PHIVOLCS.

PEIS INTENSITY VII(Destructive) – Tulunan, Makilala,

2
Kidapawan-Cotabato, Digos City, Malungon-So. Cot.

3 PEIS INTENSITY VI(Very Strong) – Koronadal City

-So. Cot., Davao City

4 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Magpet-Cotabato;

Tampakan, Surallah, Tupi-So. Cot.; Kalamansig-SK;
Kalilangan, Damulog-Bukidnon; Alabel-Sarangani;
Gen. Santos City
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 SEISMIC EVENT – October 31 PHIVOLCS reported that a strong M 6.5 earthquake with
1 6-km depth struck Cotabato Province on Thursday, 31
October 2019, at 08:11 (UTC+7). The earthquake is of
tectonic in origin and was located 28 km East of Tulunan,
Cotabato/(USGS 6.5 Mw, 10km depth, 0km NW
Bulatukan, Makilala). Previously, nearby areas have been
struck by M 6.3 and M 6.6 earthquake on 16 and 29
October 2019 sequentially.

2 PEIS INTENSITY VII(Destructive) – Tulunan, Makilala,

Kidapawan-Cotabato, Matanao, Bansalan, Magsaysay,
Sta. Crus, Digos City – Davao del Sur
PEIS INTENSITY VI(Very Strong) – Davao City,
3 Hagonoy-Davao del Sur

4 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Polomolok, Tampakan,

Surallah, Koronadal, Tupi & Sto. Nino-So. Cot.; Isulan –
SK; Malungon-Sarangani; Gen. Santos City
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 SEISMIC EVENT – Dec. 15 • PHIVOLCS at 02:11 PM PST of 15 December 2019, a

1 strong Magnitude (M) 6.9 EQ shook the Davao del Sur
and vicinity. The epicenter of the EQ is located 9 km
NW of Matanao, Davao del Sur at a depth of 3 km.
This earthquake follows the recent earthquake events
(the M5.9 on 9 July 2019, the M6.3 on 16 October
2019, the M6.6 and M6.1 on 29 October, and M6.5 on
31 October) in the area. After this, a total of 530 small
to moderate magnitude earthquakes have been
recorded by the DOST-PHIVOLCS Philippine Seismic
Network as of 1:00 PM PST of 16 December 2019.
2 PEIS INTENSITY VII(Destructive) – Matanao,
Magsaysay, Bansalan, Hagonoy, Digos City – Davao del
Sur
3 PEIS INTENSITY VI(Very Strong) – Padada, Sulop,
Kiblawan, Malalag - Davao del Sur; Sta. Maria-Davao
Occ.; Kidapawan-Cotabato; Columbio-SK; GenSan City
4
PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Glan, Alabel-Sarangani;
Magpet, Arakan, Tulunan, Matalam- Cotabato; Tupi-So.
Cot.; Cotabato City; Davao City
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2020 SEISMIC EVENT – Mar 26 • PHIVOLCS – A magnitude 6.1 earthquake struck parts
1 of Mindanao at 11:38 p.m. March 26, 2020 (Thursday).
The Phivolcs said the quake was Magnitude 6.1 and
its epicenter was 48 km southeast of Maasim,
Sarangani.

2 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Maasim, Glan-Sarangani;

Tupi-So. Cot., Gen. Santos City; Palimbang-SK

3 PEIS INTENSITY IV(Moderately Strong) – Jose Abad

Santos, Malita, Sarangani Town – Davao Occ.;
Koronadal City of So. Cot.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2020 SEISMIC EVENT – Sept 6 • PHIVOLCS – A 6.4-magnitude earthquake struck

1 Davao Occidental on Sunday night, the Philippine
6.4-magnitude quake hits Davao Occidental Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
reported. The earthquake, which occurred at 11:23
p.m 6 September, was tectonic in origin and was
traced 40km SE of Don Marcelino, Davao Occidental.
Focal depth of 149 km.

2 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Gen. Santos City-So. Cot.;

Mati City-Davao Oriental

3 PEIS INTENSITY IV(Moderately Strong) –Magsaysay-

Davao del Sur; Koronadal City of So. Cot.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2021 SEISMIC EVENT – Aug 12 • PHIVOLCS A magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck near
1 Davao Oriental early on Thursday morning, August 12.
The Phivolcs reported in a bulletin that the earthquake,
which was tectonic in origin, struck at 1:46 am off the
coast of Davao Oriental. Phivolcs said that there was no
tsunami threat but damage and aftershocks were
expected. Phivolcs earlier listed the earthquake as
magnitude 7.3 at a depth of 69 kilometers, then revised
its advisory to a magnitude 7.2 earthquake, which
occurred at a depth of 50 kilometers. It later reverted to
its original report of a magnitude 7.3 earthquake.

PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Gov. Generoso, Mati City,

2
Baganga, Lupon-Davao Or.; Tagum City’ Panabo City,
Carmen-Davao del Norte; Nabunturan-Davao de Oro;
Gen Santos City; Alabel; Malungon-Sarangani

3 PEIS INTENSITY IV(Moderately Strong) – Davao City;

Kiblawan-Davao del Sur; Koronadal, Tampakan, Tupi,
Polomok-So. Cot.; Glan, Malapatan, Kiamba-Sarangani;
Monkayo-Davao de Oro
A magnitude 5.6 earthquake hit southeast Governor Generoso, Davao Oriental early Saturday morning, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
advertisement

The quake, which occurred at 4:01 a.m. at a depth of 65 kilometers, was tectonic in origin.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2022 SEISMIC EVENT – Dec 10 1

• PHIVOLCS-A magnitude 5.6 earthquake hit southeast
Governor Generoso, Davao Oriental early Saturday
morning, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported. The quake, which
occurred at 4:01 a.m. at a depth of 65 kilometers, was
tectonic in origin. PHIVOLCS initially reported the quake
at magnitude 6.0, later at 5.9 and then at 5.6 on
Saturday morning. There are no damages expected
after the quake, but PHIVOLCS reported that
aftershocks are likely to occur.

•
2 PEIS INTENSITY IV(Moderately Strong) – Davao City;
Gov. Generoso-Davao Or.; Bansalan-Davao del Sur;
Malapatan, Malungon, Kiamba-Sarangani;
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2023 SEISMIC EVENT – Feb 1 • PHIVOLCS-At 06:44 PM PST on 01 February 2023

1 (Tuesday), a strong Magnitude (Mw) 6.0 Earthquake
shook the provinces of Eastern Mindanao. The
earthquake has an epicenter located 2km SW of
Compostela, Davao de Oro and an estimated depth of
17 km. As of 3:00 PM PST on 02 February 2023, the
DOST-PHIVOLCS Philippine Seismic Network (PSN) has
recorded a total of 390 aftershocks ranging from M 1.3
to M 3.6. Using the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
(PEIS), the highest reported intensity is PEIS VI (Very
Strong) based on the DOST-PHIVOLCS Earthquake
Information 4.

2 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – New Bataan-Davao de Oro

3 PEIS INTENSITY IV(Moderately Strong) – Davao City;

Bislig City-Surigao del Sur;
 A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

2022 SEISMIC EVENT – Mar 6 & 7 1 • PHIVOLCS- on 06 and 07 March 2023, a series of light-
to moderate-magnitude earthquakes shook Davao de
2023 DAVAO DE ORO EARTHQUAKE SERIES Mar 6 & Oro and other provinces in Eastern Mindanao. As of 9:00
Mar7 AM on 08 March 2023, the highest magnitude recorded
by the Philippine Seismic Network in the series of events
is Mw 5.9 which was felt at PHIVOLCS PEIS VI (Very
Strong). At PEIS VI, many people are frightened and
many run outdoors. Heavy objects and furniture move.
Wall plaster may crack. Very old or poorly built houses
and structures are slightly damaged though well-built
structures are not affected. Limited rockfalls and rolling
boulders occur in hilly to mountainous areas. February
2023. The occurrence of earthquakes in the area is
expected because of the presence of different active
faults in Eastern Mindanao.

PEIS INTENSITY V(Very Strong) – Maco, Maragusan,

2
Mawab, Nabunturan, New Bataan-Davao de Oro
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
• PHIVOLCS- A magnitude 6.8 earthquake rocked Davao
2023 SEISMIC EVENT – Nov 17 Occ. and other parts of Mindanao on Friday afternoon,
1 Nov. 17, the Phivolcs said in a bulletin. The earthquake,
which was tectonic in nature, struck Sarangani town of
Davao Occ., at a depth of 63km at 4:14 pm. Phivolcs said
damage and aftershocks are expected but there is no
tsunami threat. Phivolcs earlier said that it was a
magnitude 7.2 earthquake but later downgraded it to
magnitude 6.8. The initial report had set the depth of
the earthquake at 10km but this was revised to 63km in
the updated bulletin.

2 PEIS INTENSITY VI(Very Strong) – Koronadal,

Polomolok- So. Cot.; Gen Santos City

3 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Pantukan, Davao de Oro;

Tagum City; Jose Abad Santos-Davao Occ.; Alabel,
Kiamba, Maitumn, Maasim, Malungon-Sarangani;
Banga, Lake Sebu, Tampakan, Tupi-So. Cot; Tacurong
City-SK
 A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
• PHIVOLCS-At 10:37 PM PST on 02 December 2023
2023 SEISMIC EVENT – Dec 2 1 (Saturday), a major earthquake with magnitude (Mw) 7.4
02 DECEMBER 2023 MAGNITUDE (MW) 7.4 OFFSHORE shook the Province of Surigao del Sur and a large
portion of Mindanao. The earthquake has an epicenter
SURIGAO DEL SUR EARTHQUAKE located 29km NE of Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur, and has
an estimated depth of 26km. The earthquake was
associated with the subduction along the Philippine
Trench. As of 1:00 PM PST on 03 Dec. 2023, the DOST-
PHIVOLCS Philippine Seismic Network (PSN) has
recorded a total of 819 aftershocks ranging from Ms 1.4
to Ms 6.2.

2 PEIS INTENSITY VII(Destructive) – Tandag City

3 PEIS INTENSITY VI(Very Strong) – Maco, Monkayo-

Davao de Oro; Bayabas, Bislig City, Hinatuan-Surigao
del Sur

4 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Borongon City-Esamar;

Palo-Leyte, CDO City; Nabunturan-DDOro, Tagum
City-DDNorte; Davao City; Cabadbadran City-
ADNorte; Esperanza & Talacogon-ADSur
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
• A magnitude-5.1 earthquake occurred in the western
2024 SEISMIC EVENT – Feb 6 1 Philippine Sea off the east coast of Mindanao Island at
around 22:47 Feb. 6. The epicenter was about 5km ENE
Bacolod, Caraga Region. The tremor occurred at a depth
of about 55km, and light shaking was probably felt
throughout parts of central and eastern Mindanao and
the southern Visayas islands. There have been no initial
reports of damage or casualties as a result of the
earthquake; however, significant damage is unlikely.

2 PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) –

A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
• PHIVOLCS- A magnitude 5.9 earthquake struck
2024 SEISMIC EVENT – Feb 10 1 Esperanza town in Agusan del Sur before noon on
Saturday, February 10, the Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) said in an
advisory. The earthquake, which was tectonic in origin,
struck at a depth of 27 kilometers. Phivolcs said damage
and aftershocks are expected.

PEIS INTENSITY V(Strong) – Las Nieves-Agusan del

2 Norte

3 PEIS INTENSITY IV(Moderately Strong) – Libona, San

Fernando-Bukidnon; Iligan City; Gingoog, Jasaan,
Magsaysay, Medina- Mis. Or.; Bayugan City,
Properidad, Talacogon- Agusan del Sur
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND
LESSONS LEARNED WITH SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 RAPID STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT – EARTHQUAKE OCT 31 (3rd EQ ),
1st Oct 16, 2nd Oct 29. Condominium Building – Davao City

1 Collapsed 5-Storey 2 >Magnitude of EQ = 6.5 Mw 3 ____________________________

Condominium Building, a few >Epicenter=28km East of Tulunan
meters from SM City – >Distance of Epicenter from this
Ecoland, Matina, Davao City Condo Building = 72.87 km
on October 31, 2019. >PEIS Intensity of Davao City for
Condo was built on this EQ = VI (Very Strong)
2007(11y.o)
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND
LESSONS LEARNED WITH SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 RAPID STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT – EARTHQUAKE OCT 31 (3rd EQ ),
1st Oct 16, 2nd Oct 29. Hotel Building – Kidapawan City

1 Collapsed 6-Storey Hotel 2 >Magnitude of EQ = 6.5 Mw 3 ____________________________

Building at National H-way, >Epicenter=28km East of Tulunan
Kidapawan City on October >Distance of Epicenter from this
31, 2019. Hotel building was Hotel Building = ______ km
built on 2012 (7 y.o) >PEIS Intensity of Kidapawan City
for this EQ = VII (Destructive)
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND
LESSONS LEARNED WITH SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 RAPID STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT – EARTHQUAKE OCT 16, OCT 29
Private School Building – Digos City

>Magnitude of EQ = 6.6 Mw (Oct 29)

1 Collapsed Private School 2 >Magnitude of EQ = 6.4 Mw (Oct 16) 3 >Epicenter=25km SE of Tulunan, Cot.
Building 5-Storey Building at >Epicenter=22km SE of Tulunan, Cot. >Distance of Epicenter from this
Digos City, Davao del Sur. The >Distance of Epicenter from this School Building = ______ km
School Building was built on School Building = ______ km >PEIS Intensity of Digos City for this
2012 (7 y.o) >PEIS Intensity of Digos City for this EQ = VII (Destructive)
EQ = VI (Very Strong)

______________________
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND
LESSONS LEARNED WITH SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 RAPID STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT – EARTHQUAKE OCT 16, OCT 29
Private School Building – Digos City (more photos)
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND
LESSONS LEARNED WITH SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 RAPID STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT – EARTHQUAKE Dec 15 ( 6.9 Mw)
Padada, Davao del Sur

1 Municipal Fire Station 2 Collapsed 3-Storey Commercial 3 Collapsed 3-Storey Commercial Building
Building-Severly damaged Building triggered by Soil triggered by Soil Liquefaction,
CHB Walls, Padada, Davao del Liquefaction, Padada, Davao del Padada, Davao del Sur
Sur (Dec 15, 2019 EQ – 6.9 Sur (Dec 15,2019 EQ – 6.9 Mw) – (Dec 15,2019 EQ – 6.9 Mw) -
Mw) Photo 1 Photo 2
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND
LESSONS LEARNED WITH SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 RAPID STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT – EARTHQUAKE Dec 15 ( 6.9 Mw)
Padada, Davao del Sur

1 Cracking of Ground Floor Slab of 2 Lateral Spreading due to 3 Collapsed RC Water Tank due 6.9 Mw EQ,
2-Storey Hospital Building, Soil Liquefaction, Padada, Padada, Davao del Sur
Padada, Davao del Sur (Dec Davao del Sur (Dec 15,2019 EQ – 6.9 Mw)
15, 2019 EQ – 6.9 Mw) (Dec 15,2019 EQ – 6.9 Mw)
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND
LESSONS LEARNED WITH SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 RAPID STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT – EARTHQUAKE Dec 15 ( 6.9 Mw)
Matanao, Davao del Sur

1 Severely damaged false 2 Severely damaged CHB 3 Damaged CHB Walls –Disaster Operation
column & CHB Walls of 3- Walls Barangay Hall, Center,
Storey Police Station Building, Matanao, Davao del Sur Matanao, Davao del Sur
Matanao, Davao del Sur (Dec 15,2019 EQ – 6.9 Mw) (Dec 15,2019 EQ – 6.9 Mw)
(Dec 15, 2019 EQ – 6.9 Mw)
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 Earthquakes RAPID & DETAILED STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT (EQ October 16,29, 31 & Dec
15) for Condominium Buildings at Maa Road, Davao City
A Buildings Inspected(Case Study 1): 3 Storey Condominium Building, 7-Storey
How it works:
Condominium Building, 8-Storey, Condominium Building at Maa Road, Davao City

1 Structural cracks: RC Girders/Beams – Shear and Flexure Cracks

2 Structural cracks: At RC Columns & RC Girders Joints “kili-kili”-”column cracks”

3 Structural cracks: Connection between Building main girders and Traffic

Ramp Beams & Slab without Seismic Gap.

4 Elevator Core Structure (RC Columns and CHB Walls): damaged walls during Seismic
Events.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 Earthquakes RAPID & DETAILED STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT (EQ October 16,29, 31 & Dec
15) for Condominium Buildings at Maa Road, Davao City
A Buildings Inspected (Case Study 1): 3 Storey Condominium Building, 7-Storey
How it works:
Condominium Building, 8-Storey, Condominium Building at Maa Road, Davao City

5 Structural RC Columns orientation are 90 degrees with the long direction of

the Building to allow sufficient clearance for at least two vehicle parking. And
therefore all RC columns have the same strong axis orientation.

6 100% of the Seismic Forces are absorb by the RC Columns.

Wall cracks: Architectural Walls due lateral movement or sway of the

7
structural building framing

8 Wall cracks: Diagonal wall cracks at door and window openings, no or not enough
lintel beams are provided.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 Earthquakes RAPID & DETAILED STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT (EQ October 16,29, 31 & Dec
15) for Condominium Building at Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City
A Building Inspected (Case Study 2): 9- Storey Condominium Building (Building 1) at
How it works:
Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City

1 Structural cracks: RC Girders/Beams – Shear and Flexure Cracks

2 Structural cracks: At RC Columns & RC Girders Joints “kili-kili”- ”-”column cracks at

all column-girder joints at 2-level parking”

3 Structural cracks: Connection between Building main girders and Traffic

Ramp Beams & Slab without Seismic Gap.

4 Elevator Core Structure (RC Columns and CHB Walls): damaged walls during Seismic
Events.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 Earthquakes RAPID & DETAILED STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT (EQ October 16,29, 31 & Dec
15) for Condominium Buildings at Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City
A Buildings Inspected (Case Study 2): 9 Storey Condominium Building (Building1)
How it works:
Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City

5 Structural RC Columns orientation are 90 degrees with the long direction of

the Building to allow sufficient clearance for at least two vehicle parking. And
therefore all RC columns have the same strong axis orientation.

6 100% of the Seismic Forces are absorb by the RC Columns.

Wall cracks: Architectural Walls due lateral movement or sway of the

7
structural building framing

8 Wall cracks: Diagonal wall cracks at door and window openings, no or not enough
lintel beams are provided.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 Earthquakes RAPID & DETAILED STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT (EQ October 16,29, 31 & Dec
15) for Condominium Building at Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City
A Building Inspected (Case Study 3): 24- Storey Condominium Buildings (Building 2,
How it works:
Building 3 & Building 4 with common L-Shaped Podium) at Ecoland Drive, Matina,
Davao City

1 Structural cracks: At RC Columns(Tower) & RC Small Girders(Podium) Joints “cracks

on beam”
2 Towers Structural Configurations: Tower 2 & Tower 3 are placed on top of the
Longer Leg L-Shaped Podium while Tower 4 is placed on the top of Shorter Leg
L-Shaped Podium
3 Architectural cracks: Tower 2 Architectural CHB Wall shows significant cracks due lateral
movement or sway of structural building framing as compared to Tower 3 and Tower 4
inspite of the structural strengthening implemented after the 2019 Earthquakes Swarm
in July 9, October 16, October 29, October 31 and December 15, 2019).

4 Why Tower 2 is problematic? : Why Tower 2? and not Tower 3 and Tower 4>> Probably
because Tower 2 is the farthest building from center of gravity and center of twist/torsion.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 Earthquakes RAPID & DETAILED STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT (EQ October 16,29, 31 & Dec
15) for Condominium Building at Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City
A Building Inspected (Case Study 3): 24- Storey Condominium Buildings (Building 2,
Building 3 & Building 4 with common L-Shaped Podium) at Ecoland Drive, Matina,
How it works:

Davao City
2 Wall cracks: Diagonal wall cracks at door and window openings, no or not enough
lintel beams are provided.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 Earthquakes RAPID & DETAILED STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT (EQ October 16,29, 31 & Dec
15) for Condominium Building at Ecoland West Drive, Matina, Davao City
A Building Inspected (Case Study 4): 5- Storey Condominium Buildings (Building 1 &
How it works:
Building 2) at Ecoland West Drive, Matina, Davao City (near SM City of Davao)- Built
in 2007 (11 or 12 y.o. buildings at the time of collapsed)

1 Structural cracks: At RC Columns & RC Girders Joints “kili-kili”- ”-”column cracks at

all column-girder joints at ground floor parking”

2 Elevator Core Structure – No Elevator Core – number of storey is within the limit per
NBC (PD 1096).

3 Structural RC Columns orientation are 90 degrees with the long direction of

the Building to allow sufficient clearance for at least two vehicle parking. And
therefore all RC columns have the same strong axis orientation.

4 100% of the Seismic Forces are absorb by the RC Columns.

A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 Earthquakes RAPID & DETAILED STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT (EQ October 16,29, 31 & Dec
15) for Condominium Buildings at Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City
A Buildings Inspected (Case Study 4): 5 Storey Condominium Buildings (Building1 &
How it works:
Building 2) Ecoland West Drive, Matina, Davao City (near SM City of Davao) – built in
2007 (11 or 12 y.o. at time of collapsed).
5 The column shortest dimension is 180mm (7”) while the column perdicular dimension
is 700mm (27.6”). The ratio of column shortest dimension to perdicular dimension is
.257. The center to center distance of column vertical rebar is 90mm (3.5”).

6 Building 1 and Building 2 are perpendicularly oriented to its other. Strong axis of
Building 1 is perpendicular to Strong Axis of Building 2.

7
On October 31, 2019, a 6.5 Mw Earthquake hit Mindanao again (for the 3rd time in the
month of October) with a Strong Earthquake, but this time Building 1 collapsed while
Building 2 remain standing but with 100% structural column cracks at column-girder
joints “kili-kili”.
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
2019 Earthquakes RAPID & DETAILED STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT (EQ October 16,29, 31 & Dec
15) for Condominium Buildings at Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City
A Buildings Inspected (Case Study 4): 5 Storey Condominium Buildings (Building1 &
How it works:
Building 2) Ecoland West Drive, Matina, Davao City (near SM City of Davao) – built in
2007 (11 or 12 y.o. at time of collapsed).
8 On December 15, 2019, a 6.9 Mw Earthquake hit Mindanao but Condo Building 2
survive and remain standing due to Structural Strengthening using Structural Steel I-
Shaped Sections Cross-Bracing at strategic locations introduced by Condo Developer
and Structural EOR for the purpose of retrieval of Unit Owners household belongings.
But eventually Building 2 was demolished after the retrieval of the unit owners
householed belongings .
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
LESSONS LEARNED (2019 TO 2024 EQ)

1
How it works:
Follow the Code minimum shortest dimension of 300mm (NSCP 418.7.2 Seismic
Dimensions Limits).

2 Follow the Code minimum ratio of shortest dimension to perpendicular of 0.40 (NSCP
418.7.2 Seismic Dimensions Limits).

3 Use Reinforced Concrete Wall for Elevator Cores.

4
Do not make complicated structural configurations of the structural framings (L-
Shaped Podium or U-Shaped Podium)

5 Provide as many as necessary seismic absorbing sealant/FU Foam on

Architectural Wall to Wall and Wall to Columns/Girders connections.

6 Provide enough structural details at columns and beams confining Zone.

A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
LESSONS LEARNED (2019 TO 2024 EQ)

7
How it works:
Make enough allowance/factor of safety on your structural design to account for the
difference between material concrete strength of confined in-place hardened
concrete and the concrete strength of unconfined cylindrical test specimen. To
account for construction minor installation errors and deficiencies
8 Provide structural inexpensive seismic isolations/gap to simply building framing
behaviour.
9 If your Structures is or will be located in Davao City consider the Central Davao Fault
System – CDFS
i. New Carmen Fault – 12km, 6.3 Mw Category C
ii. Dacudao Fault-18km – 6.5 Mw – Category B
iii. Tamugan- 25km – 6.7 Mw – Category B
iv. Lacson Fault- 33km – 6.8 Mw – Category B
v. Pangyan-Biao Fault – 33 km – 6.8 Mw – Category B
A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF MINDANAO EARTHQUAKES: STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LESSONS LEARNED WITH
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS

1
How it works:sTR
Adopt Structural Steel X-Brace, Chevron Brace and Knee Brace Solutions as
introduced by the EOR of the concerned Condominium Buildings.

2 The 2019 Earthquake structural issues that were yet not address until now and
suggest that ISSEP and ASEP will pursue technical investigation for academic and
professional use and will be incorporated in the updating of NSCP.