Good afternoon!

specific policies that developed-country

governments can initiate in their own
Population growth plays a crucial role in countries to lessen their disproportionate
shaping economic development, presenting consumption of limited world resources and
promote a more equitable distribution of the
both opportunities and formidable
benefits of global economic progress.
challenges. Developing nations often face
issues such as poverty, limited resources,
and strained infrastructure due to rapid 3. How Developed Countries Can Help
Developing Countries: Ways in which
population increases. On the other hand, wealthier nations can assist poorer countries
developed countries experience a different in achieving their population goals. The
set of problems, where aging populations general and specific policies that developed-
country governments and international
and low birth rates are often key concerns.
assistance agencies can initiate to help
So kung sa developing countries, high developing countries achieve their
population rate ang main problem, sa population objectives.
developed counties naman is low population
rate naman ang main problem nila. Starting with the first key areas,

So, for my part, we will discuss about the 6.6.1 What Developing Countries Can Do
policy approaches that developing and There are several Policies that the
developed country needs to fulfill. developing country government aims, and
they are:
To start it off, there are three key areas of
 To eliminate absolute poverty,
policies that are identified:
improve income distribution, and
1. What Developing Countries Can Do: expand educational opportunities,
Measures for developing countries to especially for women.
manage population growth. The General and  To provide job opportunities, better
specific policies that developing-country healthcare, and improve nutrition,
governments can initiate to influence and particularly to reduce infant
perhaps even control their population mortality, o pagkamatay ng mga
growth and distribution. sanggol.
 And, to focus on raising living
standards to reduce the economic
2. What Developed Countries Can Do: rationale for large families,
Policies aimed at curbing resource addressing the negative social
consumption and supporting equitable externalities such as pressure on
global economic progress. The general and education and healthcare systems.
So aside from this policies that they are 3. Manipulate family incentives and
aiming, there are five more specific policies disincentive for having children.
that developing countries might try to adopt
Third, they can deliberately manipulate
to lower birth rates in the short run, which is
economic incentives and disincentives for
ito yung pinaka main problem ng isang
having children. Like for example: pag i-
developing country, in which sa case ng
eliminate ng maternity leave and benefits,
Philippines, isa din ito sa mga problemang
the reduction or elimination of financial
kinakahar natin sa pilipinas.
incentives, or pag impose ng financial
So this 5 specific policies na naka focus sa penalties for having children beyond a
population ay; certain number. This kind of policies are
existing sa ibang countries, according to the
1. Persuade people to have smaller
book of Todaro and Smith, Singapore, India,
families, through media and
Bangladesh, South Korea, and China have
educational process.
been especially prominent in experimenting
First, they can try to persuade people with policies to reduce family size. For
through the media and the educational example, sa Singapore, they are allocating
process, both formal (school system) and scarce public housing without giving
informal (adult education), to have smaller consideration to family size. Wala silang
families. pakialam kung Kakasya ba or hindi ang
isang family sa pa-bahay nila. They also
2. Enhance family planning program,
limited paid maternity leave to a maximum
to provide health and contraceptives
of only two children, scaling the delivery fee
services to encourage the desired
according to number of children and
behavior. (For more information and
reducing income tax relief from five to three
reference, please refer to the BOX
children. There are also situation where, In
6.4 FINDINGS Contraceptives Need
1984, they give special priority in school
and Use in Developing Countries,
admission to all children born to women
2003 to 2012, p. 327)
with degrees while penalizing non-degree-
According to the findings of Jacqueline holding women with more than two
Darroch and Susheela Singh, “the number children. Iniisip din nila na educated women
of women wanting to avoid pregnancy and have brighter children na kailangang i-
therefore needing effective contraception encourage na mas mag-anak habang di-ni-
increased substantially,” from 716 million discourage naman ang mga less-educated
in 2003 to 867 million in 2012. Most of the and who they presumed less-intelligent,
increase corresponded to population women from bearing more than two
growth. The percentage of women wishing children. But because of this, the fertility fell
to avoid pregnancy also rose, from 54% in so dramatically that by 2004 the city-state
2003 to 57% in 2012… had introduced incentives to increase
fertility. And if you are familiar with the
situation of China, they are now
encouraging women to give birth kasi daw sa pagtaas ng population rate ng isang
bumabagsak yung young generation nila, developing country.
mas madami kasi yung old generation nila
and masyadong maliit yung rate ng mga bata
sakanila kumpara sa may mga edad na. Moving on to the next topic, what developed
countries can do.
4. Government can attempt to coerce
people into having smaller families. 6.6.2 What Developed Countries Can Do
The fourth one is that the governments can here in developed countries nakafocus ito sa
attempt to coerce people into having smaller mga paggamit nila ng economic resources
families through the power of state and their lifestyles.
legislation and penalties. Related din siya
So, policies for developed countries
the third specific policy, where they are
includes:
aiming na if hindi susunod ang mga tao sa
isang developing country, they have to use  Reducing the consumption of
force through the power of governments and nonrenewable resources like fossil
penalties. fuels, which contribute to global
environmental issues such as
5. Raise the social and economic
climate change. The use of fossil
status of women and create
fuel energy to power private
conditions favorable to delayed
automobiles, operate home and
marriage and lower marital fertility.
office air conditioners in the
Finally, A crucial ingredient in any developed nations remains the major
programmed designed to lower fertility rates contributor of carbon dioxide gases
is the increased education of women, into the atmosphere and the
followed by the creation of jobs for them phenomenon of greenhouse global
outside their home country. The availability warming, it means that there is much
of income-earning opportunities can lead less to fertilize small family farms in
young women to delay marriage by enabling the less developed countries or
them to become economically self-sufficient nations. In other words, masyadong
and therefore in a better position to exercise nagagamit ng mga developed
control over their choice of partner and the counties ang mga energy resources
timing of marriage. Nakaka-help din ito to and sa too much na pag use nila,
reduce family pressures for early marriage. nakakaapekto ito sa climate change
So itinataas nila yung status ng mga women that can significantly affect the
and binibigyan sila ng great job developing neighboring
opportunities inside and outside a country country/countries.
para raw maiwasang ipakasal sila ng
kanilang mga families na nag co-contribute
Next one is the; to remove or lossen the restrictions
or the legal conditions para sa mga
 Developed countries can also
international immigration ng poor,
address inequalities in resource
unskilled workers, and their families.
use, which limits the development
prospects of poorer nations. The
responsibility of the developed
6.6.3 How Developed Countries Can Help
nations to simplify their lifestyle and
Developing Countries
their own consumption demands,
such changes could then be used by There are two activities more directly related
poor nations to generate the social to fertility moderation in which rich country
and economic development essential governments can play important assisting
to slowing population growth. As role.
I’ve said earlier, one of the policies,
Developed countries can extend their impact
that the government in developed
by supporting developing nations through
countries are trying to imposed is the
the transfer of research and technology.
reducing of the usage of economic
resources, simplifying their lifestyle, 1. Research and Technology: so the first
one example is the over use of one is the area of research into the
energy consumption for office and technology of fertility control. Developing
home air-conditioning, their contraceptive technologies and support
consumption demands also needs to research to improve the effectiveness of
be lessen para may magamit na fertility control. Sharing advancements in
economic resources ang mga poorer fields like agriculture, health, and energy
or developing countries that can help allows developing nations to adopt more
them develop. sustainable and efficient practices.
Pagbibigay or pag sha-share ng mga
Lastly;
research findings para makatulong sa pag
 Liberalizing immigration policies control ng rising fertility ng isang bansa.
could be a potential internal policy
Second one is the;
for mitigating global population
challenges. Loosen the restrictions 2. Financial Support: Funding for family
on legal conditions for the planning programs, public education, and
international immigration of poor, population policy research in developing
unskilled workers, and their families. countries. Developed nations providing
In addition to simplifying lifestyles targeted financial support helps to fund
and consumption habits, one other essential programs that aim to improve
positive (if unlikely) internal policy infrastructure, education, and healthcare for
that rich nations oe developed the developing countries.
nations could adopt to lessen current
world population problems would be
6.6.4 Policy for Still-Developing Countries immigration. To attract best workers
Facing Population Declines and align incentives, immigration
will preferably come with a path to
A newer challenge is emerging for some
citizenship, but at least with a well-
middle-income countries, as populations
regulated guest worker system.
begin to decline before reaching high levels
Immigration can help a country para
of income. So may mga countries who are
mas mapalago or mapalawak pa nila
facing problems where kulang na kulang
yung work force nila.
yung young generation nila nila.
Nagkakapag retire yung mga may edad na
na mga workers pero walang makakapalit
2. Retraining older workers to enable
sakanila because nga, mababa yung young
them to remain productive.
generation na meron sila, kaya madalas, ad
Providing generous retraining of
income ng mga retired workers form their
workers so that they can work
working eras are not enough for the country,
productively later in life as the
nagkukulang ito dahil hindi naman ito
economy modernizes and is in need
napapalitan ng bagong generation. Notable
of more advanced skills. Pagbibigay
examples include China, Russia, and Brazil.
or patuloy na pagtuturo sakanila ng
These countries face the issue of "getting
mga skills na kakailanganin nila to
old before getting rich", where a large
be more productive.
portion of the population retires before there
are enough working-aged people to support
them. So I had mentioned earlier that china
is facing problems about low young
3. Moving up the value chain to
generations, a perfect example for the
increase worker productivity. To
phrase, "getting old before getting rich". In
make it profitable to do more of the
other words, there is a high dependency
advanced parts of the production
burden reverse where a large portion of the
process in the domestic economy.
population has retired, but the income of the
Higher productivity becomes more
working-age population is not high enough
important than ever to be able to
to support them, or to leave enough savings
support a larger nonworking
for the country to invest sufficiently in its
population.
productive activities.

4. Attracting foreign investment to

There are five policies that are considered in
increase domestic productivity, that
cases of population declines.
will lead to increased worker
1. Allowing immigration to productivity and income. It can also
supplement the workforce. Most help for the productivity of the
obvious strategy is to allow workers. Kasi nga, mas productive
 sila kapag alam nila na malaki yung
sinasahod nila, in that way, aware
sila na worth it yung pag i-effort nila
dahil malaki yung natatanggap
nilang income.

5. Considering pro-natal policies to

encourage higher birth rates.
Implementing incentives for families
to have more children. Para mas
madagdagan pa ang workforce ng
isang country.

Conclusion

In conclusion, population growth and

economic development are deeply
interconnected, with each presenting both
hurdles and opportunities. Through a
tailored mix of policies, developing and
developed nations can collaboratively
address population challenges. By balancing
growth, promoting sustainability, and
sharing resources, countries can work
together toward a future that is both
economically viable and socially equitable.