1.

8
th
7 Year of Migration
Sending letters to Kings
After returning to Madinah
from Hudaybiyyah,
The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
adopted various methods in
delivering the Divine
Message; among these
methods were the letters he
sent to kings and leaders.
Amongst these kings are:
Heraclius Chosroes
(the Roman emperor) (the Persian emperor)

Al-Muqawqas Negus
(king of Egypt) (king of Abyssinia)
 Letter to the
Roman Emperor:
Heraclius
(‫)هرقل‬
When Heraclius listened
to the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬letter and
asked Abu Sufyan about the
Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬attributes and
message, he acknowledged that
Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬was indeed
the Prophet of Allah.
Letter to the king
of Abyssinia:
Negus
(‫)النجاشي‬
 Negus
The King of Abyssinia:
His name was
As’hama bin Al-Abjar
(‫)أصحمة بن أبجر‬
received the
Prophet’s message by
Amr bin
Umayyah Ad-Damari
(‫)عمرو بن أمية الضمري‬
In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah to Negus,
king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia).
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance.
There is no god except Allah, the King, the Holy, the Source of peace,
the Giver of peace, the Guardian of faith, the Preserver of safety.
 I bear witness that Jesus, the son of
Mary, is the spirit of Allah and His
Word which He cast into Mary, the
virgin, the good, the pure. Allah
created him as He created Adam.
I call you to Allah Alone and to His obedience and to
follow me and to believe in that which came to me, for I
am the Messenger of Allah. I invite you and your men to
Allah, the Glorious, the All-Mighty.
Negus took the parchment and placed it on
his eye, descended to the floor, confessed
his faith in Islam and wrote the following
reply to the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬:
In the Name of Allah, the Most
Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Negus As’hama to Muhammad, the
Messenger of Allah.
Peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allah
and mercy and blessing from Allah beside
whom there is no god.
 I have received your letter in which you have
mentioned about Jesus and by the Lord of heaven
and earth, Jesus is not more than what you say.
We fully acknowledge that with
which you have been sent to us and
we have entertained your cousin and
his companions.
I bear witness that you are the
Messenger of Allah!
Letter to the
King of Egypt:
Al-Muqawqas
(‫)المقوقس‬
 The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬sent
Haatib bin Abi Balta’a
(‫ )حاطب بن ابي بلتعة‬to Juraij
bin Meena (‫)جريج بن مينا القبطي‬
who was labelled
Al-Muqawqas, vicegerent of
Egypt saying:
In the Name of Allah, the Most
Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, slave of Allah and
His Messenger to Muqawqas,
vicegerent of Egypt.
Peace be upon him who follows true
guidance. Thereafter, I invite you to accept
Islam. Therefore, if you want security,
accept Islam. If you accept Islam, Allah
shall reward you doubly. But if you refuse
to do so, you will bear the burden of the
transgression of all.
 The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬also wrote this verse to the people
of the Book: Say, O People of the Scripture, come to
a word that is equitable between us and you!

that we will not and not associate not take one other
worship except Allah anything with Him lords instead of Allah
 Muqawqas asked Hatib bin Abi Balta‘a R.A, who was
chosen to communicate the message:
If he is a Prophet, why was he expelled from Makkah?
Hatib R.A responded:
Do you not believe that Jesus was the Messenger of
God? Did the nation not plotted to assassinate him
when Allah raised him to the Heavens?
Muqawqas said:
Great!Indeed you are a wise man who is coming from
a wise man (Muhammad‫)ﷺ‬.
 Muqawqas then said:
I have come to the conviction that
this Prophet is neither a straying
magician nor a lying soothsayer.
He bears the true manifest seeds
of Prophethood, and so I will
consider the affair deeply.
 He called a translator to write the
following reply in Arabic:
In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muqawqas to Muhammad bin Abdullah.
Peace be upon you. I have read your letter
and understood its contents, and what you
are calling for. I already know that the
coming of a Prophet is still due, but I used
to believe he would be born in Syria.
 I am sending you as presents
two maids, who come from
noble Coptic (‫ )قبطى‬families;
clothing and a steed for riding
on. Peace be upon you.
The presents were accepted; Maria, the first one, stayed
with the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, and gave birth to his son Ibrahim; the
other Sirin, was given to Hassan bin Thabit Al-Ansari.
Letter to the
Persian Emperor:
Chosroes
(‫)كسرى‬
Chosroes (‫)كرسى‬
of Persia was
given the letter of
the Prophet by
Abdullah bin
Huzaifa As-
Sehmi R.A
(‫)عبدهللا بن حذافة السهمي‬
In the Name of Allah, the Most
Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, the Messenger
of Allah to Chosroes, King of Persia.
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance,
believes in Allah and His Messenger and
testifies that there is no god but Allah and that
Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.
I invite you to accept the religion of Allah.
I am the Messenger of Allah sent to
all people in order that I may infuse
fear of Allah in every living person,
and that the charge may be proved
against those who reject the Truth.
Accept Islam as your religion
so that you may live in
security, otherwise, you will
be responsible for all the sins
of the Magians.
Chosroes of Persia tore the Prophet’s‫ ﷺ‬letter
out of rage as the name of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬had
been put above his own name.
When the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬heard
that, he promised the
destruction of Chosroes and he
died shortly after this and the
Roman Empire weakened.
Letter to the
governor of Bahrain:
Al-Mundhir
bin Sawa’a
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬sent
Al-‘Ala bin Al
Hadh’rami
(‫)العالء بن الحضرمي‬
to the governor of
Bahrain,
Al-Mundhir bin Sawa’a
(‫)المنذر بن ساوى‬
carrying a letter inviting
him to embrace Islam.
In reply, Al-Mundhir bin Sawa’a
wrote the following letter:
Allah’s Messenger! I received your injunctions.
Prior to this, I read your letter, which you wrote to
the people of Bahrain extending to them an
invitation to Islam. Islam appealed to some of them
and they entered the fold of Islam, while others did
not find it appealing. In my country, there live
Magians and Jews, and therefore you may inform
me of the treatment to be extended to them.
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬wrote the following
letter in reply to him:
In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, Messenger of Allah to Mundhir bin Sawa’a.
Peace be on you! I praise Allâh with no associate, and I bear witness that Muhammad is
His slave and Messenger. Thereafter, I remind you of Allah, the Mighty, the Glorious.
Whoever accepts the advice, does it for his own good. Whoever follows my messengers
and acts in accordance with their guidance, he, in fact, accepts my advice. My
messengers have highly praised your behavior. You shall continue in your present
office. Give the new Muslims full chance to preach their religion. I accept your
recommendation regarding the people of Bahrain, and I pardon the offences of the
offenders; therefore, you may also forgive them. Of the people of Bahrain whoever
wants to go on in their Jewish or Magian faith, should be made to pay Jizya.