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 M athematics
for
M echanical E ngineers

MFME.FM.2pp.indd 1 9/16/2021 9:50:08 AM

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 M athematics
for
M echanical E ngineers
Problems and Solutions

S. H. Omran
M. T. Chaichan
H. M. Hussen, PhD
N. G. Nacy, PhD
L. J. Habeeb, PhD

MERCURY LEARNING AND INFORMATION

Dulles, Virginia
Boston, Massachusetts
New Delhi

MFME.FM.2pp.indd 3 9/16/2021 9:50:08 AM

 Copyright ©2021 by Mercury Learning and Information LLC. All rights reserved. Reprinted and
revised with permission. Original title Mathematics for Mechanical Engineering: A Solutions Manual.
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 Contents
Chapter 1: The Rate of Change of a Function 1
Chapter 2: Functions 23
Chapter 3: Derivatives 49
Chapter 4: Applications of Derivatives 77
Chapter 5: Integration 103
Chapter 6: Methods of Integration 135
Chapter 7: Application of Integrals 189
Chapter 8: Matrices and Determinants 211
Chapter 9: Complex Numbers 231

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MFME.FM.2pp.indd 6 9/16/2021 9:50:08 AM
 CHAPTER

1
The Rate of Change of a
Function

PROBLEMS

PROBLEM 1.1
The steel in railroad tracks expand when heated. For the track tem-
perature encountered in normal outdoor use, the length S of a piece
of track is related to its temperature t by a linear equation. An exper-
iment with a piece of track gave the following measurements:
o
= =
t1 65 F, s1 35 ft
o
= =
t2 135 F, s2 35.16 ft
Write a linear equation for the relation between s and t.
Solution: p1 ( 65, 35 ) , p2 (135, 35.16 )
s − s1 s2 − s1 s − 35 35.16 − 35
= ⇒ =
t − t1 t2 − t1 t − 65 135 − 65
s − 35 0.16
⇒ = = 0.0023
t − 65 70
s − 35
∴ = 0.0023 ⇒ 0.0023 t − 0.1495 =s − 35
t − 65
= s 0.0023 t + 34.85

MFME.Ch1.2pp.indd 1 8/25/2021 5:52:50 PM

 2 • Mathematics for Mechanical Engineers

PROBLEM 1.2
Three of the following four points lie on a circle whose center is at
the origin. What are they and what is the radius of the circle?
A(−1, 7), B(5, − 5), C(−7, 5), and D(7, −1)
Solution:
r=
2
x 2 + y2
rA2 =(−1)2 + (7)2 =50
rB=
2
(5)2 + (−5)=
2
50
rC2 =
(−7)2 + (75)2 =74
rD=
2
(7)2 + (−1)=
2
50

∴ A and B and D lie in the circle and radius r = 50 .

PROBLEM 1.3
A and B are the points (3, 4) and (7, 1), respectively. Use Pythagorian
theorem to prove that OA is perpendicular to AB. Calculate the
slopes of OA and AB, and find their product.
Solution: The points are A(3, 4), B(7, 1), and O(0, 0).
Now, =
OB2
OA2 + AB2
OB= (7 − 0)2 + (1 − 0)2 = 50
AB= (7 − 3)2 + (1 − 4)2 = 5
OA = (3 − 0)2 + (4 − 0)2 = 5
=
OB2
OA2 + AB2
⇒ ( 50)2 =(5)2 + (5)2
= 25 + 25
∴ OA ⊥ AB
y − y1 1−4 3
Slope of AB ( mAB) = 2 = = −
x2 − x1 7−3 4
y − y1 4−0 4
Slope of OA ( mOA
= ) 2= =
x2 − x13−0 3
−3 4
∴ Slope of AB × Slope of OA = × = −1
4 3

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 The Rate of Change of a Function • 3

PROBLEM 1.4
P ( −2, − 4), Q ( −5, − 2), R(2, 1), and S are the vertices of a p
­ arallelogram.
Find the coordinates of M, and the point of intersection of the
­diagonals and of S.
Solution: P(−2, − 4), Q(−5, − 2), R(2, 1), S
2−2
Mid-point=
PR = 0,
2
1 − 4 −3
=
2 2

∴ Coordinates of M are  0, −3 
 
 2 
x−5 y−2 3
Mid-point
Ans. QS = = 0, = − M(0, −3 / 2), S(5, −1)
2 2 2
∴ S ( 5, −1 )

PROBLEM 1.5
Calculate the area of the triangle formed by the line 3 x − 7 y + 4 =0
and the axes.
Solution:
3x − 7y + 4 =0
4 4
at x= 0=> 7y = 4 ∴ y =  0, 
7 7
−4  −4 
at y= 0=> 3x = −4 ∴ x =  , 0 
3  3 
 4   −4 
∴ A(0, 0), B  0,  , C  , 0  are the vertices of the triangle ABC.
 7  3 
2
4  4
AB = (0 − 0) +  − 0  =
2

7  7
2
 −4  4
AC=  − 0  (0 − 0)2=
 3  3

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 4 • Mathematics for Mechanical Engineers

1
The area of the triangle AB × AC
2
1 4 4 8
= × ⋅ =
2 7 3 21

PROBLEM 1.6
Find the equation of the straight line through P(7, 5) perpendicular
to the straight line AB whose equation is 3 x + 4 y − 16 =
0. Calculate
the length of the perpendicular from P and AB.
Solution:
Let Q be the point intersection of PQ and AB.
The slope of the line AB is 3 x + 4 y − 16 =
0.…(1)
4y = −3 x + 16
−3
= y x+4
4
−3
mAB =
4
1 4
The slope of the line= PQ = .
mAB 3
y − y1
mPQ =
x − x1
4 y−5
= = > 4 x − 28 =−
3 y 15
3 x−7
3 y − 4 x + 28 − 15 = 0
3 y − 4 x + 13 = 0 …(2)
Solving Equations (1) and (2), we obtain
3 x + 4 y − 16 =
0
3 y − 4 x + 13 =
0
From Equation (1), 4y =−3 x + 16
3
⇒ y= − x+4
4
By substituting this answer into Equation (2), we obtain

MFME.Ch1.2pp.indd 4 8/25/2021 5:52:51 PM

 The Rate of Change of a Function • 5

 −3  
3 x + 4  − 4 x + 13 = 0  By substituting this answer into Equation (1),
 4   we obtain −9 x + 12 − 4 x + 13.
9   4
x  − 4  + 25 = 0
4   3(4) + 4 y − 16 =0
 −9   12 + 4 y = 16
 4 + 16  
x  = −25  4=y 16 − 12
 4  
 4y = 4
−25
x= −25 ∴ x = 4  y = 1 ∴ Q(4, 1)
4 
PQ = (7 − 4)=
2
+ (5 − 1)2 5 (Ans. 3=
y − 4 x + 13 0; 5)

PROBLEM 1.7
L( −1, 0), M (3, 7), and N (5, − 2) are the mid-points of the sides BC, CA,
and AB, respectively, of the triangle ABC. Find the equation of AB.
Solution: The coordinates of A, B, and C are

A( x1, y1)
B( x2, y2)
C( x3, y3)
x1 + x2
= 5 …(1)
2
x2 + x3
= −1 …(2)
2

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 6 • Mathematics for Mechanical Engineers

x1 + x3
= 3 …(3)
2
y1 + y2
= −2 …(4)
2
y2 + y3
==
0 > y2 =
− y3…(5)
2
y1 + y3
= 7 …(6)
2
From (2), x2 + x3 =
−2
From (3), x1 + x3 =
6 …(7)
Subtracting, we obtain x2 − x1 =
−8  …(8)
∴ or x=
2 x1 − 8  …(9)
By substituting this answer into Equation (1), we obtain
x1 + x2 = 10 = > x1 + ( x1 − 8) = 10
2 x1 = 18 ∴ x1 = 9
By substituting this answer into Equation (7), we obtain
x1 + x3 ==
6 > 9 + x3 = 6 ∴ x3 = −3
x2 + x3 =−2 => x2 − 3 =−2
∴ x2 =1
Now as y1 + y2 =−4; y2 = − y3 and y1 + y3 =
14
Solving,
we obtain the following = y1 5,=y2 9 and= y3 9 (From (4), (5), and (6))
∴ A(9, 5), B(1, − 9) and C(−3, 9)
y2 − y1 −9 − 5 14 14
=
Slope of line AB(m ) = = =
x2 − x1 1 − 9 −8 8
y − y1 = m( x − x1)
14
y − 5 = ( x − 9) = > 8(y − 5) =
14( x − 9)
8
8 y − 40 = 14 x − 126
4=
y 7 x − 43

MFME.Ch1.2pp.indd 6 8/25/2021 5:52:51 PM

 The Rate of Change of a Function • 7

PROBLEM 1.8
The straight line x − y − 6 =0 cuts the curve y2 = 8 x at P and Q.
Calculate the length of PQ.
Solution:
x−y−6 =0
y = 8x
2

x−y−6 = 0(1)
 x − 6 =y => x =y + 6
y = 8 x(2) 
2

∴ y2 = 8x = > y2 = 8(y + 6) = > y2 =8 y + 48

y − 8 y − 48 =0 ⇒ y − 12 y + 4 y − 48 =0
2 2

⇒ (y − 12)(y + 4) = 0
⇒ y − 12 = 0, y =12, (y − 4) =0, y = −4
When y = 12 ⇒ x − 12 − 6 = 0 x = 18 ∴ p(18, 12)
When y =−4 ⇒ x + 4 − 6 =0 ⇒ x =2 ∴ p(2, − 4)
∴ =
Length PQ (18 − 2)2 + (12 − (−4))
= 2
16 2

PROBLEM 1.9
A line is drawn through the point (2, 3) making an angle of 45° with
the positive direction of the x-axis, and it meets the line x = 6 at P.
Find the distance of P from the origin O and the equation of the line
through P perpendicular to OP.
Solution: Let us consider the point where the line through point (2, 3) and the line
x = 6 meets at point (6, y).
The slope of the line passing through (2, 3) and (6, y) is
 3−y 3−y
=
tan45 ⇒= 1 ⇒= y 7.
2−6 −4
The distance between the origin and the point (6, y) = (6, 7) is

(6 − 0)2 + (7 − 0)2 =85

To find the equation of the through P and perpendicular to OP, we solve
the following:

MFME.Ch1.2pp.indd 7 8/25/2021 5:52:51 PM

 8 • Mathematics for Mechanical Engineers

y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
6
y − 7 =− ( x − 6)  7 −0 7
7  Slope of=
OP = 
6 −0 6
7 y − 49 = −6 x + 36
7y + 6x = 85

PROBLEM 1.10
The vertices of a quadrilateral ABCD are A(4, 0), B(14, 11), C (0, 6), and
D( −10, − 5). Prove that the diagonals AC and BD bisect each other at
right angles, and that the length of BD is four times that of AC.
Solution: A(4, 0), B(14, 11), C(9, 6), and D(−10, − 5) are the vertices of quadrilateral
ABCD.

4+0 6+0
∴ The mid-point of AC = = 2; =3 is (2, 3).
2 2
14 − 10 11 − 5
The mid-point =of BD = 2 ; = 3(2, 3).
2 2
y2 − y1 6 − 0 6 3
The slope of AC(mAC) = = = = − .
x2 − x1 0 − 4 −4 2
−5 − 11 −16 2
The slope of BD(mBD= ) = = .
−10 − 14 −24 3
−3 2
mAB × mBC = ⋅ =−1 ⇒ AC ⊥ BD
2 3

MFME.Ch1.2pp.indd 8 8/25/2021 5:52:51 PM

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