Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management (JOIREM)

Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | mar-2023

Review paper on Design and Analysis of Adaptive Headlight System

Umesh Subhash Salunke

Prof. Dr. Anand Relkar

Department of M.Tech Design , Sandip University, School of engineering and technology, Nashik
,Maharashtra , India

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Absrtact: visible in those darkened locations. F Guo et al [3] proposed use
of newly developed adaptive front-lighting system based on CCD
This paper describes the hardware of movable
which was better than the traditional one. Jiang and Cheung[4]
Headlight & Headlight system for vehicles. It has been
investigated the optical design, fabrication and the measurement
found that the majority of accidents take place due to the
of the freeform reflector headlamps. Vaishali and Bachute [5]
invisibility of road at night & in fog. So, it becomes
made use of Adaptive Front Light System (AFS) for better
necessary that we get a clear vision during the night & in
illumination of light at night time on curved road, by making
fog so as to avoid accidents. Therefore, the following
horizontal & vertical movement of headlamp. Guo and Wang
research represents the rotation of headlight & Headlight
[6] developed an adaptive front-lighting system (AFS) of
with the rotation of wheels. In this system used rack &
automobile controlled by STC12C5A60AD which is the core of
pinionarrangement which give the drive to the optical
electric control unit. Manish and Kushal [7] made use of camera
axes on whichheadlight & Headlight are mounted so
as image sensor to detect andcapture the details of the curved
when the links are movedwith steering arm that gives
road ahead of the vehicle, as a result a suitable light beam with
predefined motion to headlight andHeadlight. Hence the
improved road illumination is obtained for the curved roads.
light from the Headlight & Headlight focuses properly on
Snehal et al [8] suggested that when driving on the curveroad,
the road, also while taking turn the driver comingfrom
Adaptive front light system (AFS) will change the lighting pattern
the opposite side can easily notice the upcoming vehicle
to compensate for the curvature of the road to help enhance night
& so the number of accidents is minimized. In this
visibility. Jitender and Kanika [9] proposed a method of turning
paper, we havedefined a novel approach movement of
headlight at an angle along with steering by using cam and
Headlight along with the headlight.
follower, gearing and spring mechanism. Pankaj and Alok[10]
Keywords: developed a low cost method for turning headlight at an angle
along with steering by utilizing a gearwhich is in mesh with a
Automotive Headlight system, Rack and Pinion semicircular gear and motion is transmitted using linkages and
arrangement mechanism, wire mechanism. Yogesh and Chakradhar [11] developed a
Introduction: method for front wheel steering system with moveable headlights
with latest electronics technology, here they have used ackermans
Presently, there are lots of research being done for moving principle. Ajay and Shivraj [12] developed a novel method of
headlight of vehicles through an angle, in leftor right direction by turning only on side headlight along with the steering and
rotation of steering. This increases the safety of vehicle while keeping the other side headlight steady, even their method is
travelling at night time, especially when taking sharp turns. This cost effective.
research paper focuses on rotation of headlight as well as Headlight
through an angle, in left or right direction by rotation of steering. Problem Description:
This increases the safety of vehicle while travelling at night time It is found from many surveys that majority of
& even in fog. Driver’s visibility will increase at night & in fog. accidents take place at night & in fog, this is because of lack of
We would be able to focus the beam of headlight & Headlight in clear vision to the drivers. At night & in fog while taking
proper useful direction. There will be less number of accidents at sharp turns as soon as the driver rotates thesteering the wheels
night time & in fog, while taking turn on sharp turning roads. take a turn but the car body do not take the turn simultaneously,
This will be much more useful in hillyareas. Wang and Wu [1], so there is a time delay between the wheels & the car body.
suggested the control model and simulation for Adaptive Front Hence the light do not focus on the turning path, so the driver
light System (AFS) of vehicles on curve roads. Shreyas and cannot see the path as well as they cannot see the opposite
Raghuraman [2] proposed a cost-effective technique to illuminate vehicle coming towards them, which can lead to accident.
blind spots while driving in the night and during the times when
the visibility is reduced significantly so as to make the objects

© 2023, JOIREM |www.joirem.com| Page 1

 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management (JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | mar-2023

Figure 1: Projection of headlight automotive vehicle

As seen in the figure 1, first the car is moving on a straight path
& then it has to take a right turn. So asseen in figure 1, that as the Figure 2: Movable Headlight & Headlight with Steering
wheel rotates car body do not rotate & hence the headlight & the system
Headlight cannot cover the turning path. So the driver cannot see
the turning path & can meet with the accident. The probability of
such accidents increases in hilly regions where there are many sharp
turns to be taken.

Steering Mechanism:
Steering mechanism of any automobile is used to control the
direction of motion of automobile. In 4 wheelers rotatory motion
of steering is converted to angular motion of front wheels. This
conversion takes place Rack and Pinion Steering Gear, in rack &
pinion mechanism the rotatory motion of pinion is transferred to
linear motion of rack. In cars the steering is connected to the
pinion. So as the steering is rotated the pinion rotates which in
turns gives linear motion to the rack. As the rack is connected to
theaxel of the wheels, so due to the linear motion of rack the wheels
are rotated & hence the car takes the turn.

Construction & Working:

Fig. 3 Rack and Pinion arrangement mechanism

shows the overall mechanism which rotates headlight &

Headlight along with the rotation of wheels. Figure 4 shows a
particular portion of figure 3 which makes it easy to understand the
mechanism Figure 5 shows the construction of hinge point which

© 2023, JOIREM |www.joirem.com| Page 2

 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management (JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | mar-2023

is present between link3 & link2 and also betweenlink3 & link5 The only drawback of this method is that, here we have to provide
of figure 4. As shown in figure 4, here the rack & pinion some extra links & joints which gives rotation of headlight &
arrangement is use to rotate the wheel & to take the turn.Here Headlight along with the rotation of wheels,this extra links &
the pinion is connected with the steering so that with the rotation joints increases the overall weight of the vehicle & adds up
of steering the pinion gets rotated.There is a rack attached with some extra cost, but the increased weight & the increased cost are
the pinion. This rack is connected to the wheels of the vehicle. negligible compared to the overall weight & cost of the vehicle.
Now as we rotate the steering the pinion gets rotated with it Hence in such there is no disadvantage of this method.As shown
which in turn pushes the rack to left or right direction. Due to in the figure 6, as the car takes a left turn the headlights & the fog
this the Here the headlight is connected to the link1 joining, the lights also take left turn & sowe get the new view angle. Hence
rack to the wheels of the vehicle with the help ofa link1. The the light from the Headlight & Headlight focuses properly on the
link2 carries headlight at one end & on other hand it is attached road,also while taking turn the driver coming from opposite side
with a link3 through a hinge joint (figure 5). The link3 is can easily notice the upcoming vehicle & so the number of
provided to connect the link2 which carries headlight with the accidents is minimized.
link5 which wheels gets rotated & the vehicl takes the turn.
carries Headlight & finally it is attached with the base. This link3
is attached rigidly with the base. The link3 of headlight & the link5
of Headlight are attached to that link3 with a hinge joint. The hinge
Conclusion:
joint is provided to allow rotation of headlight & Headlight. As the 4-wheeler takes a turn the headlights & the
Also, there is another link4 which connects only headlight & Headlights also takes a turn along with the vehicle.
Headlight. This link4 is necessary to move Headlight along with Henceby adapting this mechanism we can reduce the
the headlight. number of accidents taking place at night & in fog, due
tosharp turnings especially in hilly regions. It is also a
So, as soon as driver will rotate the steering the pinion will get cost-efficient method. So, this method can be
rotated which in turn will push the rack inright or left direction. implemented in all 4 wheelers.
As the rack will move the link1 will get displace because of that the
link2 carrying the headlight will rotate about the hinge joint How to Cite this Article:
provided between link2 & link3. Hence, the headlight will rotate as P. Shah, A. Patel, and M. Desai, “Proportional Swivel
the vehicle takes the turn. Also, the link4 which connects Headlight and Headlight Mechanism”, Adv. J. Grad.
link2 of headlight & link5 of Headlight, will helpto rotate the Res., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 55-60, Dec. 2018. Doi:
Headlight along with the headlight about a hinge joint, 10.21467/ajgr.5.1.55-60

which is provided between link5 & link3.So we can say that References:
as the driver rotates the steering then along with the
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 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management (JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | mar-2023

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